英语专业四级专四2019年真题详细解析
2019年英语专业四级真题及详解[听力音频]TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART Ⅰ DICTA TION [10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.SLANGWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. __________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】SLANGWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. ①However, they are usually out of place in formal writing because of a number of drawbacks. ②They go out of date quickly and become tiresome if used too much. ③And they may communicate clearly to some readers but not to others. ④In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing. 【难点点评】（1）句①中，drawback 意为“缺点”，注意名词复数。
（2）句②中，tiresome 意为“令人厌烦的”；听音时需注意used 为过去分词形式。
（3）句③中，And 首字母要大写。
（4）句④中，In general 与主句之间要用逗号隔开。
PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人Revision of Essay Drafts【答案与解析】1.revise for content(录音提到“In order to answer these questions, what you need to do first is to revise for content ”，即修改论文首先要修改目录。
故本题填入revise for content 。
)2.(your) major points(录音提到“... it may have discussed things that do not contribute significantly to your major points ”，即论文大纲可能会有很多与文章无关的内容。
故本题填入(your) major points 。
)3.sufficient evidence (录音提到“Y our reader needs sufficient evidence to accept what you are saying ...”，即读者需要足够的论据才会认同你的观点。
故本题填入sufficient evidence 。
)4.the logic(录音提到“If you find it easy to produce an outline ... a clear logic to the flow of the content ”，即如果论文大纲在草稿中一目了然，就说明文章逻辑清晰。
故本题填入the logic 。
)5.a self-imposed limit(录音提到“But even if there is no stated limit, or you are allowed to write as long as you like, please adhere to a self-imposed limit ...”，即使论文不限长度，也要自己设定长度限制，如果没有需要长篇大论才能解释清楚的内容，就一定要将论文限制在自己设定的长度以内。
故本题填入a self-imposed limit 。
)ponents(录音提到“The next step is to revise for components of the essay, including the paragraphs, sentences and individual words ”，即下一步就是修改论文的各个组成部分，包括段落、句子和措辞。
故本题填入components 。
)7.provide sentence variety(录音提到“Well, I suggest you avoid this by breaking up some of the longer sentences to provide variety ”，即建议我们拆分长难句，使句式多样化。
故本题填入provide sentence variety 。
)8.explain complex ideas(录音提到“Use short sentences to make important points, and long sentences to explain complex ideas ”，即用短句阐述重点，用长句解释复杂的观点。
故本题填入explain complex ideas 。
)9.imprecise or wordy梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人(录音提到“For diction, a very important tip is to eliminate imprecise or wordy language”，即删去模棱两可或冗长的话。
故本题填入imprecise or wordy。
)10.nouns and verbs(录音提到“Try to write as much as possible with nouns and verbs ...”，即尽量多使用名词和动词。
故本题填入nouns and verbs。
)【录音原文】Revision of Essay DraftsGood morning, everyone. In today‘s lecture, I'm going to talk about how to revise essay drafts and give you some tips as well.The initial revision should, of course, focus on the essay as a whole. Y ou‘d ask yourself—Do I reach my writing objective? Does my essay directly answer the question? Is my main idea clear? [1] In order to answer these questions, what you need to do first is to revise for content. The typical rough draft may have too little and too much content, all at the same time. It will have touched the surface of some portions of the essay, without providing adequate explanation or convincing detail. [2] At the same time, it may have discussed things that do not contribute significantly to your major points.So, what is a good essay then? A good essay eliminates irrelevant material while including all the information necessary to your main point. [3] Y our reader needs sufficient evidence to accept what you are saying, so you have to make sure you have adequately developed and supported your main idea. Content that is unrelated to the main idea should be eliminated.Then, what is the second step in revision? That is revise for organization. A well-organized essay will group similar ideas together and put them in the proper order. [4] If you find it easy to produce an outline from your draft, this means that there is a clear logic to the flow of the content, and you can be reasonably certain that you have a well-ordered essay. Otherwise, reorder your content.The third step you are advised to take is to revise for length. Is your essay approximately the right length? If it is substantially longer than the stated limit, you have to consider reducing the supporting material. [5] But even if there is no stated limit, or you are allowed to write as long as you like, please adhere to a self-imposed limit and, unless addressing a topic that needs lengthy explanation, stick to it.The steps I have mentioned so far actually refer to revision of an essay as a whole. [6] The next step is to revise for components of the essay, including the paragraphs, sentences and individual words. Y ou may ask, how am I going to revise paragraphs? Well, I‘d say a paragraph is not arbitrarily formed. It should revolve around an idea, a theme. Let me tell you one way to revise paragraphs. Isolate a paragraph at a time and make sure it runs smoothly and is not merely a bunch of unrelated statements put together.As for revision of sentences and words, most essay writers pile on one long sentence after another. [7]Well, I suggest you avoid this by breaking up some of the longer sentences to provide variety. [8] Use short sentences to make important points, and long sentences to explain complex ideas. Also try to use a variety of sentence structures to maintain reader interest. Eliminate sentences that sound awkward when read aloud.[9]For diction, a very important tip is to eliminate imprecise or wordy language. For example, use ―although‖instead of ―despite the fact that‖. Try to add vigor to your writing by removing clichés and use fresh and interesting descriptions. [10] Try to write as much as possible with nouns and verbs, rather than primarily with adjectives that slow the pace and reduce impact. Similarly, write in the active, not the passive voice.Now, let me just repeat what I have said today. Revision is important. When you revise your draft as a whole, pay attention to content, organization and length. But, don‘t forget to revise your essay in detail. Revision of sentences and words can also make the essay more interesting to readers.SECTION B CONVERSA TIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A B C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1.A. Writer.B.Wells.C.Writer Wells.D.Susan Writer Wells.2.A. She was a career woman.B.She was then a feminist.C.She didn‘t like her maiden name.D.She took her husband‘s surname.3.A. She named herself after her profession.B.She named herself after her hometown.C.She named herself after a day of the week.D.She named herself after the sculptor.4.A. It gives women greater equality.B.It is a good solution to an old problem.C.The problem troubling feminists still remains.D.The surname problem has partly been solved.5.A. History of surnames in America.B.Feminist movement in the 1960s.C.Traditional surnames in Europe.D.Reasons for inventing surnames.【答案与解析】1.C 细节题。
2019年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（题后附答案及解析）（一）
2019年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（题后附答案及解析）（一）2019年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(题后附答案及解析)（一）全部题型1. Writing2. Listening Comprehension3. Reading Comprehension4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.您的答案是：正确答案： Dear TomOn hearing that you are planning to teach English in China and inquire which city to work in I'd like to recommend our capital city Beijing to you which is an international metropolis.The reasons why I recommend Beijing can be listed as follows. First of all there are a lot of English-speaking foreigners in Beijing which could help you adapt to life here very quickly. Furtherm ore as the capital of several dynastiesBeijing has a profound cultural background so you can better experience the extensive and profound traditional Chinese culture in Beijing. Most importantly parents in Beijing attach great importanceto their children's English learning and many people who work in multinational companies also need to learn English.I truly hope that you can come to Beijing to start your teaching life and I'm looking forward to your arrival. If you have any question about the city pl ease feel free to contact me for further information.Yours sincerelyLi MingPart II Listening ComprehensionSection A听力原文：New York City police captured a cow on the loose in Prospect Park on Tuesday after the animal became an attraction for tourists while walking along the streets and enjoying the park facilities. The confused creature and camera-holding humans stared at each other through a fence for several minutes. At other times the cow wandered around the 526-acre park and the artificial grass field normally used for human sporting events. Officers used soccer goals to fence the animal in. However the cow then moved through one of the nets knocking down a police officer in the process. Policeeventually trapped the cow between two vehicles parked on either side of a baxxxxseball field's bench area. An officer then shot an arrow to put it to sleep. Then officers waited for the drug to take effect. After it fell asleep they loaded the cow into a horse trailer. It was not clear where the cow came from or how it got lost. Police turned it over to the animal control department after they caught it.Questions 1 and 2 are baxxxxsed on the news report you have just heard.1. What happened in New York's Prospect Park on Tuesday?2. What do we learn about the cow from the end of the news report? 2．A．Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B．A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C．Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D．A wandering cow was captured by the police.您的答案是：正确答案：D解析：事实细节题。
2019年6月大学英语四级真题与答案解析完整版
2019 年 6 月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版Part I Writing(30 minutes)请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试。
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your school newspaper on avolunteer activity organized by your Student Union to help elderly people in the neighborhood .Youshould write at least 120 words not more than 180 words.【范文】Young Volunteers Visited a Nursing HomeVolunteers from our university visited a nursing home located in Hangzhou on June 14th, which was highly appraisedby the elderly there.Upon the students ’ arrival, tears of joy glistened in the seniors ’ eyes when the young students presewell-prepared gifts. Then, the students talked to them one-on-one with kindness. Both the youth andthe aged were willing to share their life stories, immersing in an atmosphere of joy. When it wastime for the youngsters to leave, the elderly thanked them over and over again. And the volunteersexpressed that they learned a lot and were all stunned by the optimism their elderly friends had fortheir future.According to Winston Churchill, a British statesman, “ we make a living by what we get, but we makea life bywe give. ” The visit not only enriches the seniors ’ daily life, but also provides the youth with an opportunity to learnimportant life lessons from the elderly residents. By Aria, school newspaper【点评】写作试题是考查考生综合运用英语语言的能力，四级写作试题对考生的要求也越来越高。
2019英语专四真题
2019英语专四真题对于许多英语专业的学生来说，英语专业四级考试（TEM4）是学习过程中的一个重要关卡。
2019 年的英语专四真题，如同以往的每一年，既考查了学生的基础知识，又检验了他们在实际语境中的运用能力。
在听力部分，2019 年的真题涵盖了多种场景和话题。
从日常生活中的交流到学术讲座，题目要求学生能够迅速捕捉关键信息，理解说话者的意图和态度。
这不仅需要良好的听力技巧，更需要对各种英语口音和语速的适应能力。
例如，其中有一段关于校园活动的对话，学生需要在短时间内分辨出不同人物的观点和计划，这对于注意力的集中和信息的筛选是个不小的挑战。
阅读理解部分，文章的题材丰富多样，包括社会科学、自然科学、人文艺术等。
题目形式既有细节理解题，也有主旨大意题和推理判断题。
其中一篇关于环境保护的文章，探讨了当下热门的可持续发展问题，要求学生不仅能够读懂文章表面的意思，还要深入理解作者的观点，并能够将其与自己的知识储备相结合，做出正确的判断。
语法与词汇部分一直是专四考试的基础重点。
2019 年的真题在这方面没有丝毫放松，考查了各类语法点，如时态、语态、虚拟语气等，同时也对词汇的理解和运用进行了严格的测试。
学生不仅要知道单词的意思，还需要掌握其常见的搭配和用法，才能在这一部分取得较好的成绩。
写作部分，题目通常具有一定的开放性，鼓励学生发表自己的观点。
比如，当年可能会要求学生就“社交媒体对人际关系的影响”这一话题展开论述。
这需要学生具备清晰的逻辑思维，能够有条理地组织自己的观点，并用恰当的语言表达出来。
在写作过程中，语法错误要尽量避免，同时要注意段落的划分和过渡，以使文章结构严谨，层次分明。
翻译部分则是对学生中英语言转换能力的考验。
真题可能会涉及到中国传统文化、社会现象等内容，要求学生在准确理解原文的基础上，用流畅自然的英语表达出来。
这既需要扎实的语言功底，又需要对中英文化差异有一定的了解。
回顾 2019 年的英语专四真题，我们可以发现，它全面而系统地考查了学生的英语综合能力。
2019 专四真题答案AAAAAAA
2019英语专四答案网络参考版2019 英语专四 dictation 答案SlangWe often use slang expressions when we talk， because they are so vivi d and colorful. However， they are usually out of place in formal writing /because of a number of drawbacks. / They go out of date quickly and be come tiresome if used too much. / And they may communicate clearly to some readers but not to others./ In general， we should avoid the use o f slang in our writing.2019 英语专四听力 talk答案1. revise for content2. major points3. evidence4. the logic5. a self-imposed limitponents7. diversify sentence structures8. express complex ideas9. wordy //imprecise10. nouns and verbs2019 英语专四听力 conversations 答案1.What is the woman's family name?C. Writer Wells.2. Why did her mother reject her maiden name?B. She was then a feminist.3. How did her mother invent a new surname?A. She named herself after her profession.4. What does the man think of the practice in Italy?C. The problem troubling feminists still remains.5. What is the programme mainly about?D. Reasons for inventing surnames.6. Who is Janet Smith?C. A guest on a weekly program.7. What is the first tip from Janet?D To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss.8. Why is it a bad idea to overstate what you have done?D. Because the boss has the data on your work.9. Why should we think ahead according to Janet?B. We may forget the good things we've done.10. Where can we check competitive wages?A. Websites.2019 英语专四语言知识答案21. A group _____casinos has urged officials not to grant a license toa facility in the city.A. opposed to22. After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical_____ understand each other's behavior and cult ures.C. personnel23. The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would n ot be so many_____ feelings and so much misunderstanding in inte rnational communication.B. injured24. To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many ha ve noted that the Constitution does not give you the right to falsely l_____ Fire " in a crowded theater.C.yell25. The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy that is _____ to any environment.D、adaptable26. Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he h ad with the Vikings, he has no secondabout how he went about his business.A、 thoughts27. Electronic cigarettes should be subject_____ the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditional tob acco products.C、to28. FC Barcelona,_____ the most iconic club in world soccer beat M anchester United 2-0 to claim the UEFA Champions League title.B. arguably29. The store sells liquid vitamins _____designed for children under3.D. specifically30. The three law______ officers on the plane came to the rescue ofa fellowpassenger who was allegedly trying to kill herselfC. enforcement2019 专四完形填空答案31.Kthat32.Einevitable33.I.perspective34.N. ultimately35.B.disagreement36.0.wake37.H.making38.J.resides39.M.thoughtfully40.Adaydream2019 英语专四阅读理解答案41. Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals' life mai nly because of______.D. the design of the welfare system42. Who will favor the study results by researchers from the Universi ty of California?B. People who run businesses.43. It can be inferred from the passage that the author's attitude is towards immigrants.A. cautiously favorable44. What does"she had ajob to do" (para. 1) mean according to the c ontext?C. She wanted to buy a DVD.45. What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.46. In the passage the elderly woman's daughter is described as beingA impolite47. While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant wasD.patient48. According to the new study, what kinds of books are likely to help people better understand others'feelings?C. Literary fiction.49. Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to thepassage?C. Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.50. Which of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction?A.Presence of an authoritative narrator.PASSAGE ONE51. What does the statement"..., don ' t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. "mean?(Para.1)Unemployed immigrants cannot live on government's benefit // Unemp loyed immigrants don't receive subsidy from federal government.PASSAGE TWO52. Why did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD i nstead of finding it for her?She reminded the shop assistant of/her late mother.53. What does the last sentence in Para 16 imply about the daughter's a ttitude towards her mother?She began to try to cherish her mother.PASSAGE THREE54. What are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction accordi ng to the passage?Boosting people's empathy and enabling people to practice social skills.55. Why is reading special when compared with plays and movies?Because it provides no visuals and entails more imagination.。
2019年12月英语四级真题解析(英语学习).doc
2019年12月英语四级真题解析（英语学习）今年的四级考试很多人都会说很难，四级每种题型有什么特点？下面就跟一起看看今年的各部分题型特点吧，希望可以对大家的备考有帮助。
2019年12月四级考试如期进行。
从笔者拿到的套题的阅读部分来看，整体难度适中，较往年趋于平稳。
选词填空部分（关于《children’s cognitive abilities儿童认知能力》）首先从选项设计上看，四大词性（名、动、形、副）考查数量分布均匀（3233），不确定形式（Ving 和Ved）共4个，另外只有advocate 一个词属于一词多性的情况，相对选项设计总体难度属于中等偏易。
再看文章部分，谈论的是关于儿童认知（children’s cognitive abilities）方面的知识的话题，属于小冷门，但文章语言表达适中，且短句占主体，平衡了话题生僻对考试带来的解题障碍。
其中cognitive还给出了中文注解，也正好应验了中文重要性的应试知识要点。
同时，空格设置处的词性相对比较容易判断，例如，名词前给出了单复数的区别的代词those作为提示，又例如，非谓语动词只考查了一个正在进行时，而做后置定语或状语的高难度应用本篇没有涉及。
段落匹配部分（The Perfect Essay）首先看备选的十个小标题，均无长难句，同时出现大量重复信息，例如除了与文章title 本身密切相关的essay ，flaw，flawless，perfection 以外，还有mother，criticism，从而能顺利预测出文章谈及的是通过母亲的有建设性的批评，提升作者的写作能力。
这也是先题后文解决段落匹配的技巧。
从长文章的段落设计上看，一共11段（K），属于段落数量适中的情况，也为匹配选择降低难度。
但对于所谓长阅读文章只看开头结尾的谬论，用真题再次给予回击，十道匹配中至少3题涉及段落中间部分，2题涉及对全段进行总结。
仔细阅读部分保持一贯的难易结合（即一篇相对简单，另一篇略有难度），第一篇文章（Silicon Valley）相对容易，文章讨论为何在其他地方无法复制硅谷（Silicon Valley）成功的原因。
2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版
2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析完整版Part I Writing(30 minutes)请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试。
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your school newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to help elderly people in the neighborhood .You should write at least 120 words not more than 180 words.【范文】Young Volunteers Visited a Nursing HomeVolunteers from our university visited a nursing home located in Hangzhou on June 14th, which was highly appraised by the elderly there.Upon the students’ arrival, tears of joy glistened in the seniors’ eyes when the young students presented them withwell-prepared gifts. Then, the students talked to them one-on-one with kindness. Both the youth and the aged were willing to share their life stories, immersing in an atmosphere of joy. When it was time for the youngsters to leave, the elderly thanked them over and over again. And the volunteers expressed that they learned a lot and were all stunned by the optimism their elderly friends had for their future.According to Winston Churchill, a British statesman, “we make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.” The visit not only enriches the seniors’ daily life, but also provides the youth with an opportunity to learn some important life lessons from the elderly residents. By Aria, school newspaper【点评】写作试题是考查考生综合运用英语语言的能力，四级写作试题对考生的要求也越来越高。
2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案完整版
2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案完整版2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案完整版(第一套) Part I Writing (25minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to study. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考范文】Dear，I am delighted to hear that you are going to study in a Chinese university. Since you haveasked for my advice about choosing which university I will try to give you some useful suggestions hereIt is well known that Peking University is a great place to lean. There are several factorsaccounting for this choice and the following are the most typical ones. First and foremost,Peking University is one of the top universities in China and the birthplace of many great minds. Therefore, it can provide high-quality teaching resources, which is essential for a foreign learner. In addition, Beijing is the capital of China and there are various historic buildings. They provide foreign students to know Chinese culture and historyI hope you will find these suggestions helpful and wish you all the best！Yours，Li Ming 【参考译文】亲爱的露丝:得知你要来中国的大学学习,我很高兴。
2019年专四真题打印版(含答题卡一内容)
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART I DICTATION [10 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now, listen to the passage.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Writer. B. Wells. C. Writer Wells. D. Susan Writer Wells.2. A. She was a career woman. B. She was then a feminist.C. She didn’t like her maiden name.D. She took her husband’s surname.3. A. She named herself after her profession. B. She named herself after her home town.C. She named herself after a day of the week.D. She named herself after the sculptor.4. A. It gives women greater equality. B. It is a good solution to an old problem.C. The problem troubling feminists still remains.D. The surname problem has partly been solved.5. A. History of surnames in America. B. Feminist movement in the 1960s.C. Traditional surnames in Europe.D. Reasons for inventing surnames.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A reporter from a weekly program. B. An executive director from a company.C. A guest on a weekly program.D. A magazine editor from San Diego.7. A. T o prepare a list of things that you have done. B. To let your boss know that you want a pay rise.C. T o let everybody know your achievement.D. To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss.8. A. Because the boss has the data on your work B. Because you will be given more work to do.C. Because it is unprofessional to do so.D. Because others may lose trust in you.9. A. We could earn praise from our boss. B. We may forget the good things we’ve done.C. Things change quickly in work situations.D. The boss will review our performance data.10. A. Websites. B. Radio programs. C. Research reports. D. Government documents. PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN] There are twenty sentences in this part. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural pattern of organization than ________.A. will other types of writingB. do other types of writingC. On other types of writingD. other types of writing12. ________ the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A. If it not had been forB. If had it not been forC. Had it not been forD. Had not it been for13. Members of the Parliament were poised ________ ahead with a bill to approve construction of the oil pipeline.A. to moveB. movingC. to movingD. at moving14. Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions thatotherwise ________ abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A. may remainB. could remainC. must have remainedD. might have remained15. Protocol was ________ enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. that16. The woman had persuaded him to do ________ he was hired never to do -- reveal the combination for the lock on the entrance.A. one thingB. such one thingC. any one thingD. the one thing17. The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person ________ he choose to be.A. shouldB. couldC. mightD. must18. “If not us, who? If not now, when?” These two questions are used as a ________.A. sign of angerB. call for actionC. refusal to changeD. denial of commitment19. What is the function of the present progressive in “They are always calling me by the wrong name”?A. To express unfavorable feelings.B. To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C. To indicate uncertainty.D. To dramatize a fact.20. “Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach.” Therelative clause in the sentence serves to ________.A. supply additional information about LondonB. describe the antecedent “London”C. put restrictions on the identity of HarryD. narrate a sequential action taken by Harry21. A group ________ casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A. opposed toB. objected toC. posed againstD. protested against22. After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical ________ understand each other’s behavior and cultures.A. facultyB. personsC. membersD. personnel23. The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many ________ feelings and so much misunderstanding in international communication.A. injuriousB. injuredC. injuringD. injury24. To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the Constitution does notgive you the right to falsely ________ “Fire!” in a crowded theater.A. yelpB. yankC. yellD. yield25. The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy that is ________to any environment.A. AdoptableB. amendableC. alterableD. adaptable26. Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has no second________ about how he went about his business.A. thoughtsB. opinionsC. concernsD. reasons27. Electronic cigarettes should be subject ________ the same taxes and limitations on public use astraditional tobacco products.A. aboutB. atC. toD. on28. FC Barcelona, ________ the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 to claim the UEFA Champions League title.A. controversiallyB. arguablyC. debatableD. finally29. The store sells liquid vitamins ________ designed for children under 3.A. explicitlyB. speciallyC. speculativelyD. specifically30. The three law ________ officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedly trying to kill herself.A. enforcementB. reinforcementC. impositionD. coercionPART IV CLOZE [10 MIN] Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.To some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church’s power in Europe or ________ (31) television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the ________ (32) result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This ________ (33) accepts technology as one of many factors that shaped economic and cultural change; technology’s influence is ________(34) determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This ________ (35) about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the ________ (36) of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be our ________ (37), and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power ________ (38) in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and ________ (39) to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophileSteve Spielberg explained, “Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have thought or ________ (40), to imagine something wonderful.”PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to finda good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest – able to smell out the best meat.” And if you can’t find work, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2) That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than any other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4) The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from native or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, promptingcompanies to grow and hire more locals.41. I ncrease in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of ________.A. low wages for localsB. imperfect labor marketsC. the design of the welfare systemD. inadequate skills of immigrants42. W ho will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?A. People who have legal status.B. People who run business.C. People who receive state benefits.D. People who are willing to earn less.43. I t can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude is ________ towards immigration.A. cautiously favorableB. slightly negativeC. strongly negativeD. quite ambiguousPASSAGE TWO(1) There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.(2) It was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I’d begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall’s concourse as a river of humanity.(3) The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.(4) The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit obscure. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.(5) Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas.(6) As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoon, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.(7) We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness, he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.(8) I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier.(9) As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman.(10) “Is that your mom?” I asked.(11) I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience, she rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” There was exasperation in her reply, half sigh and half groan.(12) Still watching her mother, I said, “Mind some advice?”(13) “Sure,” said the daughter.(14) I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s the little moments that’ll come back to you. Moments like this. I know.”(15) It was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life miserable.(16) The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter’s custody. Together they made their way toward the store’s exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.44. W hat does “she had a job to do” (Para. 1) mean according to the context?A. She had a regular job in the store.B. She was thinking of what to buy.C. She wanted to ask for help.D. She wanted to buy a DVD.45. W hat does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.46. I n the passage the elderly woman’s daughter is described as being ________.A. impoliteB. uncaringC. naïveD. miserly47. W hile looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ________.A. hesitantB. indifferentC. frustratedD. patientPASSAGE THREE(1) Reading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people’s emotions. The same was not true of nonfiction or “popular” fiction, themystery, romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.(2) Experts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives.(3) “Reading literary fiction isn’t just for passing the time. It’s not just an escape,” said Keith Oatley,a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. “It also enables us to better understand others, and then take that into our daily live.”(4) Oatley was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people’s empathy for others. His team has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy for others. His teams has found that those who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests, but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.(5) But, the study by Oatley and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy –empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some “cause-and-effect” evidence, Oatley said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a measure of empathy. Overall, study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction, versus the other three conditions.(6) It was a small improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, “It’s not alike taking people from a (grade) ‘C’ to an ‘A’,” he said. But Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it’s unlikely to have been due to chance.(7) “Literary”fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They included “The Round House”, by Louise Erdrich, “Salvage the Bones”, by Jesmyn Ward and the short story “Corrie” by Alice Munro. And “popular” fiction included best-sellers like “Gone Girl” by Gillian Flynn, and Danielle Stelle’s “The Sins of the Mother”.(8) What’s so special about literary fiction? “For one, it’s usually more focused on characters than on plot,” Kidd noted. But beyond that, he said there is usually no single “authoritative narrator” who takes us through the story. “It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in the gaps. You really have to think about the characters,” Kidd said.(9) Oatley agreed. “Alice Munro doesn’t tell you what to think,” he said. “You, yourself, have to make inferences about characters. And that’s often what we’re doing in our real-life conversations.” Or at least that’s what people could do.(10) Reading literary fiction could also offer a way to “practice” your social skills and use them more in real life, according to another researcher not involved in the study. “It’s like how pilots train in a flight simulator,”said Raymond Mar, an associate professor of psychology at York University, in Toronto, who has collaborated with Oatley. “This is a great study,” Mar said of the new study. But headded that the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy” and one key question is whether literary fiction really is better than other fiction.(11) Mar and his colleagues recently found that fans of romance novels tended to do best on tests of empathy. Unlike the current study, Mar’s study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction. So it’s possible that there is something else about romance-novel reader that makes them more understanding of others.(12) Still, according to Mar, it’s too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro, at least if the goal is boosting empathy.(13) It’s also possible that plays, movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles, according to Kidd. But reading may be special, he said, because it provides no visuals and you have to engage your imagination more.(14) Everyone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. “There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous, or not practical,”Mar said. “But there is a growing body of evidence that it’s important in skills that we need in our lives.”48. A ccording to the new study, what kind of books are likely to help people better understand others’feelings?A. Science fiction.B. Romance novelsC. Literary fictionD. Nonfiction.49. W hich of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage?A. Oatley and his colleague were involved in the new study.B. Mar and his team also tested people after reading fiction.C. Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.D. Kidd and his team were uncertain about their study results.50. W hich of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction?A. More focus on character description.B. Presence of an authoritative narrator.C. Demand on readers’ ability to infer.D. Presence of readers’ empathetic feelings.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. W hy did the statement “…, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.” mean? (Para. 1)PASSAGE TWO52. W hy did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD instead of finding it for her?53. W hat does the last sentence in Para. 16 imply about the daughter’s attitude towards her mother?PASSAGE THREE54. W hat are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction according to the passage?55. W hy is reading special when compared with plays and movies?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN] Read carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:1) summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then2) comment on Brewer’s view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.PART I DICTATION[听写]从此处开始作答SLANGWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKRevision of Essay DraftThe initial revision should focus on the essay as a whole.The first step: (1) ________ (1) _____________________ •The rough draft--containing too little or too much material--discussing things unrelated to (2) ________ (2) _____________________ •How to revise--provide (3) ________ to convince your readers (3) _____________________ --eliminate unrelated materialThe second step: revise for organization•Group similar ideas in the proper order•Produce an outline from the draft to check (4) ________ (4) _____________________The third step: revise for length•Mind the stated length•Stick to (5) ________ (5) _____________________Revise for (6) ________ of the essay (6) _____________________•(7) ________ by breaking up some longer sentences (7) _____________________ •Use short sentences to make important points•Use long sentences to (8) ________ (8) _____________________ •Eliminate (9) ________ expressions (9) _____________________ •Use fresh and interesting descriptions•Write with (10) ________ as much as possible (10) ____________________ •Write in the active voice。
2019年专业英语四级考试真题
2019年专业英语四级考试真题PART I DICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now, listen to the passage.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Writer.B.Wells.C.Writer Wells.D.Susan Writer Wells.2. A. She was a career woman.B.She was then a feminist.C.She didn’t like her maiden name.D.She took her husband’s surname.3. A. She named herself after her profession.B.She named herself after her home town.C.She named herself after a day of the week.D.She named herself after the sculptor.4. A. It gives women greater equality.B.It is a good solution to an old problem.C.The problem troubling feminists still remainsD.The surname problem has partly been solved.5. A. History of surnames in America.B.Feminist movement in the 1960s.C.Traditional surnames in Europe.D.Reasons for inventing surnames.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A reporter from a weekly program.B.An executive director from a company.C. A guest on a weekly program.D. A magazine editor from San Diego.7. A. To prepare a list of things that you have done.B.To let your boss know that you want a pay rise.C.To let everybody know your achievement.D.To shamelessly promote yourself to yourself to your boss.8. A. Because the boss has the data on your work.B.Because you will be given more work to do.C.Because it is unprofessional to do so.D.Because others may lose trust in you.9. A. We could earn praise from our boss.B.We may forget the good things we’ve done.C.Things change quickly in work situations.D.The boss will review our performance data.10.A. Websites.B.Radio programs.C.Research reports.ernment documents.PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answer the question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural patternof organization than ________.A.will other types of writingB.do other types of writingC.on other types of writingD.other types of writing12.________ the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A.If it not had been forB.If had it not been forC.Had it not been forD.Had not it been for13.Members of the Parliament were poised ________ ahead with a bill to approve construction ofthe oil pipeline.A.to moveB.movingC.to movingD.at moving14.Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinionsthat otherwise________ abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A.may remainB.could remainC.must have remainedD.might have remained15.Protocol was ________ enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.that16.The woman had persuaded him to do ________ he was hired never to do — reveal the combinationfor the lock on the entrance.A.one thingB.such one thingC.any one thingD.the one thing17.The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person ________ he choose to be.A.shouldB.couldC.mightD.must18.“It not us, who? If not now, when?” These two questions are used as a ________.A.sign of angerB.call for cationC.refusal to changeD.denial of commitment19.What is the function of the present progressive in “They are always calling me by the wrongname”?A.To express unfavorable feelings.B.To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C.To indicate uncertainty.D.To dramatize a fact.20.“Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach.”The relative clause in the sentence serves to ________.A.supply additional information about LondonB.describe the antecedent “London”C.put restriction on the identity of HarryD.narrate a sequential action taken by Harry21.A group ________ casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A.opposed toB.objected toC.posed againstD.protested against22.After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical ________understand each other’s behavior and cultures.A.facultyB.personsC.membersD.personnel23.The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many ________ feelingsand so much misunderstandings in international communication.A.injuriousB.injuredC.injuringD.injury24.To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the ________Constitution does not give you the right to falsely ________ “Fire!” in a crowded theater.A.yelpB.yankC.yellD.yield25.The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy thatis ________to any environment.A.adoptableB.amendableC.alterableD.adaptable26.Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has nosecond________ about how he went about his business.A.thoughtsB.opinionsC.concernsD.reasons27.Electronic cigarettes should be subject ________ the same taxes and limitations on publicuse as traditional tobacco products.A.aboutB.atC.toD.on28.FC Barcelona, ________ the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 toclaim the UEFA Champions League title.A.controversiallyB.arguablyC.debatablyD.finally29.The store sells liquid vitamins ________ designed for children under 3.A.explicitlyB.speciallyC.speculativelyD.specifically30.The three law ________ officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger whowas allegedly trying to kill herself.A.enforcementB.reinforcementC.impositionD.coercionPART IV CLOZE[10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. daydreamB. disagreementC. factuallyD. ifE. inevitableF. inseparable G. lays H. making I.perspective J. residesK. that L. thinking M. thoughtfully N.ultimately O. wakeTo some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church’s power in Europe ________(31) television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the ________(32) result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This_________(33) accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change; technology’s influence is ________(34) determined by how much powerit is given by the people and cultures that use it.This ________(35) about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the ________(36) of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be of our ________(37) and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power ________(38) in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and ________(39) to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, “Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have a thought or ________(40), to imagine something wonderful.”PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)L ife can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest — able to smell out the best meat.”And if you can’t find work,don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2)That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries,according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3)T heir results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4)The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5)N one of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.41.Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of ________.A.inadequate skills of immigrantsB.imperfect labor marketsC.low wages for localsD.the design of the welfare system42.Who will favor the study results by researchers from the University of California?A.People who have legal status.B.People who run businesses.C.People who receive state benefits.D.People who are willing to earn less.43.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s attitude toward immigrant is ________.A.cautiously favorableB.slightly negativeC.strongly negativeD.quite ambiguousPASSAGE TWO(1)There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye. Although slow gestures, and unsure of step the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.(2)I t was a few years ago, and I had taken a part-time holiday-season job in a video store at the local shopping mall. From inside the store, I’d begun to see the people rushing by outside in the mall’s concourse as a river of humanity.(3)T he elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a leash, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of tugging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.(4)The older woman detached from the younger one and began to tick through the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit obscure. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.(5)Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me soI could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passedaway the previous Christmas.(6)As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.(7)We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of wistfulness he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.(8)I escorted the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier.(9)As the cashier tucked the DVD into a plastic bag, I walked over to the younger woman.(10)“Is that your mom?” I asked.(11)I halfway expected her to tell me it was none of my business. But possibly believing me to be tolerant of her impatience, she rolled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” There was exasperation in her reply, half sigh and half groan.(12)Still watching the mother, I said, “Mind some advice?”(13)“Sure,” said the daughter.(14)I smiled to show her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curious expression by saying, “When she’s gone, it’s the little moments that’ll come back to you. Moments like this. I know.”(15)I t was true. I missed my mom still and remembered with melancholy clarity the moments when I’d used my impatience to make her life miserable.(16)The elderly woman moved with her deliberate slowness back to her daughter’s custody. Together they made their way toward the store’s exit. They stood there for a moment, side by side, watching the rush of the holiday current and for their place in it. Then the daughter glanced over and momentarily regarded her mother. And slowly, almost reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around her mother’s shoulders and gently guided her back into the crowds.44.What does “she had a job to do” (Para. 1) mean according to the context?A.She had a regular job in the store.B.She wanted to ask for help.C.She wanted to buy a DVD.D.She was thinking of what to buy.45.What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?A.The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.B.The elderly woman liked movies for young children.C.The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.D.The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.46.In the passage the elderly woman’s daughter is described as being ________.A.impoliteB.uncaringC.naiveD.miserly47.While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ________.A.hesitantB.indifferentC.frustratedD.patientPASSAGE THREE(1)R eading award-winning literature may boost your ability to read other people, a new study suggests. Researchers at the New School for Social Research, in New York City, found that when they had volunteers read works of acclaimed “literary fiction”, it seemed to temporarily improve their ability to interpret other people’s emotions. The same was not true of nonfiction or “popular” fiction, the mystery, romance and science-fiction books that often dominate bestseller lists.(2)E xperts said the findings, reported online in Science, suggest that literature might help people to be more perceptive and engaged in their lives.(3)“Reading literary fiction isn’t just for passing the time. It’s not just an escape,”said Keith Oatley, a professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto. It also enables us to better understand others, and then take that into our daily lives.(4)O atley was not involved in the new research, but worked on some of the first studies to suggest that reading literature can boost people’s empathy for others. His team has found thatthose who read a lot of fiction tend to show greater empathy on standard tests, but the same is not true of avid nonfiction fans.(5)B ut, the study by Oatley and his team cannot prove that literature boosts empathy —empathetic folks may just be drawn to reading fiction, whereas the new study does offer some “cause-and-effect” evidence, Oatley said. For the study, researchers set up a series of five experiments in which participants read either literary fiction, popular fiction, nonfiction or nothing at all before taking some standard tests. One of the tests is known as “Reading the Mind in the Eyes”. People have to look at photos of actors’ eyes, and then guess what emotion is being expressed in each. The test is considered a measure of empathy. Overall, study participants fared better on the test after reading literary fiction, versus the other three conditions.(6)I t was a small improvement, according to the principal researcher David Comer Kidd, “It’s not like taking people from a (grade) ‘C’ to an ‘A’,” he said. But, Kidd added, the effect was seen after only about 10 minutes’ reading, and it was a statistically strong finding, meaning it’s unlikely to have been due to chance.(7)“Literary” fiction has no hard-and-fast definition. So Kidd and his colleagues chose contemporary works that have won or been finalists for outstanding literary awards. They included “The Round House”, by Louise Erdrich, “Salvage the Bones”, by Jesmyn Ward and the short story “Corrie” by Alice Munro. And “popular” fiction included best-sellers like “Gone Girl” by Gillian Flynn, and Danielle Steel’s “The Sins of the Mother”.(8)What’s so special about literary fiction? “For one, it’s usually more focused on characters than on plot,” Kidd noted. But beyond that, he said, there is usually no single “authoritative narrator” who takes us through the story. “It demands that the reader almost become a writer and fill in the gaps. You really have to think about the characters,” Kidd said.(9)O atley agreed. “Alice Munro doesn’t tell you what to think,” he said. “You, yourself, have to make inferences about characters. And that’s often what we’re doing in our real-life conversations.” Or at least that’s what people could do.(10)R eading literary fiction could also offer a way to “practice” your social skills and use them more in real life, according to another researcher not involved in the study. “It’s like how pilots train in a flight simulator,” said Raymond Mar, an associate professor ofpsychology at York University, in Toronto, who has collaborated with Oatley. “This is a great study,” Mar said of the new study. But he added that the overall research in this area is “still in its infancy” and one key question is whether literary fiction really is better than other fiction.(11)Mar and his colleagues recently found that fans of romance novels tended to do best on tests of empathy. Unlike the current study, Mar’s study did not test people after having them read different types of fiction. So it’s possible that there is something else about romance-novel readers that makes them more understanding of others.(12)S till, according to Mar, it’s too early to tell people to trade in their Danielle Steel for Alice Munro, at least if the goal is boosting empathy.(13)I t’s also possible that plays, movies or even TV shows could build your empathy muscles, according to Kidd. But reading may be special, he said, because it provides no visuals and you have to engage your imagination more.(14)E veryone agreed that the findings suggest literature is important beyond entertainment or improving vocabulary. “There’s a common belief that reading literature is frivolous, or not practical,” Mar said. “But there’s a growing body of evidence that it’s important in skills that we need in our lives.”48.According to the new study, what kind of books are likely to help people better understandothers’ feelings?A.Science fiction.B.Romance novels.C.Literary fiction.D.Nonfiction.49.Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the passage?A.Oatley and his colleagues were involved in the new study.B.Mar and his team also tested people after reading fiction.C.Kidd and his team had people read prestigious fiction.D.Kidd and his team were uncertain about their study results.50.Which of the following is NOT a special feature of literary fiction?A.Presence of an authoritative narrator.B.More focus on character description.C.Demand on readers’ ability to infer.D.Presence of readers’ empathetic feelings.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE51. What does the statement “…, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out.” mean? (Para. 1)PASSAGE TWO52.Why did the shop assistant lead the elderly woman to find the DVD instead of finding it forher?53.What does the last sentence in Para. 16 imply about the daughter’s attitude towards her mother?PASSAGE THREE54.What are the two main advantages of reading literary fiction according to the passage?55.Why is reading special when compared with plays and movies?PART VI WRITINGRead carefully the following excerpt and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:1)summarize the main message of the report, and then2)comment on Brewer’s view that parents should join in with their kids rather than limit their media consumption.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality.Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.How much screen time is too much for kids?Parents have been advised to limit media consumption of their children, but research suggests it’s the nature of it that matters.For many parents in the digital age, battles with their kids over screen time and devices have become a depressing part of family life. Many parents will now be relieved to hear thatrecent research suggests that it’s not so much the length, but the nature of the screen time that matters.Jocelyn Brewer, a psychologist who specializes in the concept of “digital nutrition”, likens media diets to what’s on our plates: rather than counting calories (or screen time), think about what you’re eating.“It’s not just about whether you consume any potential digital junk foods, but also your relationship to technology and the role it plays in your family life,” says Brewer.For young children, the most important thing is whether parents and kids are playing, watching or browsing together.A study of 20,000 parents published late last year by the Oxford Internet Institute and Cardiff University determined that there was no correlation between limiting device use and children’s well-being. The study’s lead author Dr Andrew Pryzbylski said: “Our findings suggest the broader family context how parents set rules about digital screen time, and if they’re actively engaged in exploring the digital world together, are more important than the raw screen time.”“The consensus is that screen time, in and of itself, is not harmful — and reasonable restrictions vary greatly, depending on a child’s behavior and personality. There is little point in worrying about how many minutes a day your kids are spending with screens,” says Brewer. “Instead, parents should be doing what they can to ensure that what they’re watching, playing and reading is high-quality, age-appropriate and safe — and joining in wherever possible.”。
2019专四答案
未知驱动探索，专注成就专业2019专四答案第一部分：听力部分答案Section A1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6.C7.B8.C9.A10.BSection B11.A未知驱动探索，专注成就专业12.C13.B14.A15.C16.B17.C18.A19.B20.CSection C21.C22.B23.A24.C25.A26.B未知驱动探索，专注成就专业27.A28.C29.A30.B第二部分：阅读理解部分答案Passage 131.D32.C33.B34.APassage 235.B36.D37.C38.A未知驱动探索，专注成就专业Passage 339.D40.B41.A42.CPassage 443.D44.A45.C46.BPassage 547.D48.C49.A50.B第三部分：完形填空部分答案51.C52.A53.D54.B55.A56.C57.B58.D59.C60.A第四部分：翻译部分答案61.Throughout my college life, I benefited a lot from participating in various social activities. During these experiences, I learned how to communicate effectively with others and how to work as a team. I also developed valuable interpersonal skills such as leadership, teamwork, and problem-solving.62.China’s manufacturing industry has been booming inrecent years, attracting attention from all over the world.The growth of the manufacturing industry has greatlycontributed to the country’s economic development. Many foreign companies have also invested in China’smanufacturing sector, further boosting its growth.63.The internet has changed our lives dramatically,especially in terms of communication. With the growth of social media platforms and instant messaging apps, people can now easily connect with each other, regardless ofgeographical boundaries. This has brought people closertogether and made communication more convenient andefficient.64.With the advancement of technology, the waypeople shop has changed significantly. E-commerce hasbecome increasingly popular, with more and more people choosing to shop online. This trend has led to the growth of online retail giants like Alibaba and Amazon, transforming the traditional retail industry.第五部分：写作部分答案As the world becomes more globalized, learning a second language has become increasingly important. There are several reasons why I believe learning a second language is beneficial.Firstly, learning a second language improves cognitive skills. It has been proven that language learning enhances critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. When learning a new language, individuals are exposed to different ways ofthinking and communicating, which expands their mental capacity.Secondly, learning a second language opens up new opportunities. In today’s globalized world, knowing a second language can greatly enhance job prospects. Many companies now operate internationally and require employees who can communicate with clients and colleagues from different countries. Additionally, learning a second language allows individuals to immerse themselves in new cultures and gain a deeper understanding of the world.Lastly, learning a second language promotes personal growth. It improves communication skills, builds self-confidence, and encourages empathy and cultural sensitivity. It also helps individuals to overcome language barriers and connect with people from different backgrounds.In conclusion, learning a second language has numerous benefits. It enhances cognitive skills, opens up new opportunities, and promotes personal growth. Therefore, I strongly believe that learning a second language should be encouraged and supported.。