2011年非英语专业研究生学位英语考试试卷 (1)
1 2011年非英语专业研究生学位英语考试试卷 Part II Reading Comprehension (40%) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read these passages carefully and then choose the one which best completes the statements. Passage 1 Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its moving force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition, and competition is stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but today's ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them.
As defense against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure.
Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggle or who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond.
Present-day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old-established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures. People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be re-housed in tower blocks which are inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. The destruction of established social structures is the worse possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the environment, and to retain familiar landmarks.
21. According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so 2
many people who are ________. A. anxious to succeed B. in need of help C. naturally aggressive D. likely to commit crime. 22. The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because ________. A. people do not communicate with their neighbors B. criminals are difficult to trace in large populations C. people feel anonymous there D. the trappings of success are attractive to criminals 23. The majority of people who live in inner cities tend to quit from the inner areas because they ________. A. dislike having to travel far to work B. have been forced by circumstances to do so C. don't like the idea of living in the suburbs D. have turned against society 24. Architectural changes have affected city life by ________. A. scattering long-established communities B. giving the individual a say in planning C. forcing people to live on top of each other D. making people move to the suburbs 25. The author's general argument is that urban life would be improved by _____. A. moving people out of tower blocks B. restoring old buildings C. building community centers D. preserving existing social systems Passage 2 For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world, and sciences dealing with mankind. Apart from these sciences is philosophy. In the first place, pure or theoretical knowledge have been sought only for the purpose of understanding. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldn't be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance, because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human.
But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the value of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications
学士学位非英语专业历年考试真题及答案
学士学位非英语专业历年考试真题及答案一、交际用语示例真题：1.——I haven't seen Billy for 10 years.——__________.A. Either have I.B. So have I.C. Haven't I.D. Neither have I.答案：D2.——What would you like, tea or coffee?——__________.A. Yes, I would.B. Coffee, please.C. Yes, please.D. It's very nice.答案：B3.——I'm taking my driving test tomorrow.——__________.A. Cheers!B. Congratulations!C. Come on!D. Good luck!答案：D二、词语用法与语法结构示例真题：1.Her article is _______ in her class.A. the bestB. the betterC. betterD. best答案：A2.The manager was quite _______ with his job.A. 担心的B. 满意的C. 高兴的D. 放心的答案：B3.I usually read English _______ six o'clock _______ six thirty in themorning.A. from; atB. from; toC. at; atD. at; to答案：B三、阅读理解阅读理解部分的真题通常包含几篇短文，每篇短文后附有若干问题，要求考生从提供的选项中选择最佳答案。
由于篇幅限制，这里只提供一个简短示例：示例真题：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.Jobs for Youth: If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible: youth 15-18 years old in select communities.Summer Company: Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start andrun their own summer businesses. Who is eligible: students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.21.W hat is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training before employment.B. It provides awards for running new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.答案：B。
学士学位非英语专业历年考试真题及答案
学士学位非英语专业历年考试真题及答案全文共4篇示例，供读者参考年英语高考真题与答案真题内容：第一部分：听力部分（略）第二部分、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
aneed a job this summer?the provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. the deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the progranot a student? go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.jobs for youthif you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.who is eligible: youth 15—18 years old in select communities （社区）.summer companysummer company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3, to start and run their own summer businesses.who is eligible: students aged 15—29, returning to school in the fall.stewardship youth ranger programyou could apply to be a stewardship youth ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.who is eligible: students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before december 31 this year.summer employment opportunities（机会）through the summer employment opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positionsacross the provincial public service, its related agencies and community groups.who is eligible: students aged 15 or older. some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21. what is special about summer company?ait requires no training before employment.bit provides awards for running new businesses.cit allows one to work in the natural environment.dit offers more summer job opportunities.22. what is the age range required by stewardship youth ranger program?a15—18.b15—24.c15—29.d16—17.23. which program favors the disabled?ajobs for youth.bsummer company.cstewardship youth ranger progradsummer employment opportunities.阅读理解，本大题共4小题，每小题2分，共8分。
江苏卷非英语专业学位考试真题及答案
江苏卷非英语专业学位考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Jiangsu College English Test for Non-English Majors is an important examination for students in Jiangsu province who are pursuing a degree in a non-English field. The exam is designed to assess students' proficiency in English and their ability to communicate effectively in a variety of situations. In this document, we will provide a sample of the exam questions and answers for your reference.Section I: Listening ComprehensionPart A: Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short conversations and questions. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to each question.1. A: What time is the meeting?B: It starts at 9:00 a.m.C: It ends at 9:30 a.m.D: The meeting room is on the third floor.Answer: A2. A: Could you tell me how to get to the post office?B: Sure. Go straight ahead and turn left at the traffic lights.C: Sorry, I don't know.D: The post office is closed today.Answer: BPart B: Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short passages. Listen carefully and answer the questions that follow.3. What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?A. She is going on vacation.B. She has lost her passport.C. She needs help with her luggage.D. She will be late for her flight.Answer: B4. Why is the man calling the woman?A. To invite her to a meeting.B. To ask her about her flight.C. To remind her to bring a document.D. To cancel a reservation.Answer: CSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart A: Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Text: The Advantages of Studying AbroadStudying abroad can be a life-changing experience for many students. It offers them the opportunity to immerse themselves in a different culture, learn a new language, and gain a unique perspective on the world. Additionally, studying abroad can help students develop important skills such as independence, adaptability, and cross-cultural communication.5. What is one advantage of studying abroad mentioned in the passage?A. Meeting new friends.B. Improving language skills.C. Saving money on tuition.D. Getting a job in another country.Answer: B6. What skills can students develop by studying abroad?A. Cooking and cleaning.B. Time management and organization.C. Cultural awareness and communication.D. Math and science.Answer: CPart B: Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question.Text: The Importance of ExerciseRegular exercise is essential for maintaining good health. It can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Additionally, exercise can improve mood, boost energy levels, and enhance overall well-being. It is important to find an exercise routine that is enjoyable and sustainable in order to reap the benefits of regular physical activity.7. What is one benefit of regular exercise mentioned in the passage?A. Decreasing energy levels.B. Increasing the risk of diabetes.C. Improving mood and well-being.D. Avoiding chronic diseases.Answer: C8. Why is it important to find an exercise routine that is enjoyable and sustainable?A. To save money on gym memberships.B. To impress others with physical fitness.C. To avoid injury and burnout.D. To achieve quick results.Answer: COverall, the Jiangsu College English Test for Non-English Majors is a comprehensive examination that tests students' listening and reading comprehension skills. By practicing with sample questions like the ones provided in this document,students can improve their English proficiency and increase their chances of success on the exam. Good luck to all the test takers!篇2Title: Jiangsu Non-English Major Degree Examination Real Questions and AnswersIntroduction:The Jiangsu Non-English Major Degree Examination is a standardized test designed for students in Jiangsu province who are seeking a degree in a non-English major. The exam includes sections on listening, reading, writing, and speaking, and is intended to assess the students' proficiency in the English language. In this document, we will provide a sample of the real questions and answers from the Jiangsu Non-English Major Degree Examination.Listening Section:Question 1: What does the speaker mention about the weather in the upcoming week?Answer: The speaker mentions that the weather will be sunny and warm for the next seven days.Question 2: What is the main topic of the conversation between the two speakers?Answer: The main topic of the conversation is about planning a trip to the beach during the weekend.Reading Section:Question 1: According to the passage, what are the benefits of exercising regularly?Answer: The benefits of exercising regularly include improved physical health, reduced stress levels, and increased energy.Question 2: What is the main idea of the passage?Answer: The main idea of the passage is the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle through regular exercise.Writing Section:Question: Write a short essay (150-200 words) on the topic "The Impact of Technology on Modern Education".Answer: Technology has revolutionized modern education by providing students with access to a wealth of information and resources. In today's digital age, students can easily access online courses, educational videos, and interactive learning toolsto enhance their learning experience. However, technology also presents challenges such as distractions and the potential for cheating. Overall, the impact of technology on modern education is both positive and negative, and it is essential for educators to strike a balance between utilizing technology effectively and ensuring academic integrity.Speaking Section:Question 1: Describe your favorite holiday destination and explain why you enjoy visiting it.Answer: My favorite holiday destination is the beach because I love the sound of the waves crashing against the shore, the feeling of the warm sun on my skin, and the opportunity to relax and unwind by the sea.Question 2: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.Answer: Studying abroad offers students the opportunity to immerse themselves in a new culture, develop language skills, and gain a global perspective. However, there are also challenges such as homesickness, cultural differences, and adapting to a new educational system.Conclusion:In conclusion, the Jiangsu Non-English Major Degree Examination is a comprehensive test that assesses students' English language proficiency in listening, reading, writing, and speaking. By practicing with real questions and answers like the ones provided in this document, students can familiarize themselves with the format of the exam and improve their chances of success. Good luck to all students preparing for the Jiangsu Non-English Major Degree Examination!篇3Jiangsu Non-English Major Degree Examination Questions and AnswersIntroduction:The Jiangsu Non-English Major Degree Examination is designed for students who are pursuing a non-English major at a university in Jiangsu province, China. The exam aims to assess students' proficiency in the English language in various skill areas such as listening, reading, writing, and speaking. Below are some sample questions and answers from past exams to help students prepare for the test.Listening Section:Question 1: You will hear a conversation between two students discussing their plans for the weekend. What are their plans?Answer: The students plan to go hiking in the mountains on Saturday and have a picnic by the lake on Sunday.Question 2: You will hear a news report about a new art exhibition in town. What is the exhibition about?Answer: The exhibition showcases works by local artists inspired by nature and wildlife.Reading Section:Question 1: Read the following passage about the benefits of exercise and answer the questions below.Regular exercise has been proven to have numerous health benefits, including improved cardiovascular health, increased energy levels, and better mental health. It is recommended to engage in at least 30 minutes of physical activity each day.Question: What are some of the benefits of regular exercise?Answer: Improved cardiovascular health, increased energy levels, better mental health.Question 2: Read the following passage about the impact of social media on society and answer the questions below.Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and connect with others. While it has its benefits, such as instant communication and networking opportunities, it also has drawbacks such as privacy concerns and the spread of misinformation.Question: What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of social media?Answer: Benefits include instant communication and networking opportunities. Drawbacks include privacy concerns and the spread of misinformation.Writing Section:Question: Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. Include examples to support your points.Answer: Studying abroad can broaden one's horizons, expose them to new cultures, and improve language skills. However, it can also be expensive, lonely, and challenging to adapt to a new environment.Speaking Section:Question 1: You will be given a topic and asked to talk for one minute about it. The topic is "Describe your favorite holiday destination."Answer: My favorite holiday destination is Bali. It has beautiful beaches, lush jungles, and a rich culture that I find captivating.Question 2: You will be paired with another student and asked to discuss a given topic together. The topic is "Should students be required to wear school uniforms?"Answer: I think students should not be required to wear school uniforms as it restricts individuality and self-expression. However, uniforms can promote a sense of unity and equality among students.Conclusion:The Jiangsu Non-English Major Degree Examination is a challenging test that requires students to demonstrate their English language skills in various areas. By practicing with sample questions and answers like the ones provided above, students can improve their chances of performing well on the exam. Good luck to all test-takers!。
专业研究生学位英语考试试卷答案2
专业研究生学位英语考试试卷答案2清华大学非英语专业研究生学位英语考试试卷答案Part I Reading Comprehension (共40分，每小题2分) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. At the end of each passage, five questions will be asked about it.For the first three passages, you should read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the last passage, you should write your answers to the questions on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSir Winston Churchill said: “Kites rise highest against the wind----not with it.” When life seems to be handing you lemons, make lemonade! That would be a more current version of Churchill’s quote, wouldn’t it? Folks often seem t o take adversity (逆境) as an indication that we’re going in the wrong direction, or that they don’t have what it takes to make it, or that “somebody up there doesn’t like them”. This is a straightforward cause-and-effect approach that can stop you in your tracks and leave you sitting there, stopped, for an hour, a day, months, years or, for some, a lifetime.What is your approach to adversity? What is your response to the challenge it offers? Does it cause you to reflect on your direction and look for alternatives? Does it strengthen your resolve to continue? Does it beat you down and flatten you out?Your responses to life are your choice. There is no escaping the responsibility you have for choosing the way you see things. For some folks, in some circumstances, that choice seems the only one they have any control over…so take it!When you raise your kite, keep it flying. Today, play with theidea of seeing change or difficulties as shifting winds to help your kite stay up…not as a clear indication that you’r e flying the wrong one on the wrong day. How can you use the information you are receiving to keep your kite soaring?1. What idea is the author trying to convey?A. Kites fly high when they are supported by the wind.B. Face challenges instead of avoiding them.C. Life is full of choices.D. We are in control of our lives.2. In the author’s opinion, adversity in life is ________.A. an indication that we’re going in the wrong directionB. an indication that we’re not working hard enoughC. a challenge that we must faceD. either a challenge or an indication that you are in the wrong direction3. “There’s no escaping the responsibility” because ___________.A. you cannot make a changeB. responsibilities cannot be put asideC. being responsible is an important characteristic of a successful personD. you made the choice yourself4. What does the author suggest to do when you have no other choices?1A. Create new choices.B. Change your job.C. Take the choice you have and work hard.D. Take a little rest.5. The kite is a symbol of ________.A. your lifeB. difficultyC. responsibilityD. ambitionPassage TwoOne of the chief functions of education is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature (缩影). Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls!But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don't grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures—airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls don't grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dismiss such illusions. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fullyprepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.6. What is the best title for this passage?A. Co-education Can Be in Harmony with Society.B. People Are in Great Need of Co-education.C. Any Form of Education Other Than Co-education Is Simply Unthinkable.D. Co-education Has Many Features.7. What does co-education offer to children?A. A society.B. A true small model of society.C. A real life.D. True version of social condition.8. What does the word "segregated" (Para.1) probably mean?A. closed.2。
关于2011年考研英语一与英语二区别分析
关于2011年考研英语一与英语二区别分析一、学术型研究生初试考英语一专业学位研究生初试考英语二(一)学术型研究生学术型硕士研究生入学考试科目设置办法要求与2009年相同。
除教育学、历史学、医学门类设置三个单元考试科目(政治理论、外国语、基础课，各科目试题满分分别为100分、100分、300分)外，其他各学科门类考试科目均设置四个单元(政治理论、外国语、基础课和专业基础课，各科目试题满分分别为100分、100分、150分、150分)。
从2010年起增加一套统考英语试题(即英语二)供部分专业学位研究生招生时选用，原统考英语名称相应改为英语一。
(二)专业学位研究生专业学位研究生入学考试科目第二单元(外国语)：法律硕士(非法学)、法律硕士(法学)、建筑学硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、临床医学硕士、口腔医学硕士、公共卫生硕士专业采用统考英语一(日语、俄语)；翻译硕士采用翻译硕士外语试题；其余各专业可选用统考英语一(日语、俄语)或英语二试题(英语二重点考查考生英语应用力，尤其是阅读和翻译力)。
满分均为100分。
二、英语二与英语一的区别(1)语法我们英语二规定了总共有八个语法点，具体的语法点是要考的。
只要把这八点做到了，基本上就没问题了。
首先第一个就是名词、代词它的用法，数和格，就是可数不可数，这种会考。
第二个是形容词。
第三个是动词，动词包括时态、语态，时态就是常见的，比如一般现在、一般将来这样子的过去时，语态就是主动和被动。
第四点常用连词，连词大家知道常用的就是七个，这个大家把它准备好了，估计在考察语法方面不大。
第五个就是非谓语动词，就是不定式和名词。
第六个虚拟语气，具体有什么样的表现形式，以及虚拟语气在语言中起到一个什么样的作用，这个应该是一个考察的重点。
第七个就是从句，列了宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句。
第八个同谓语从句，只要把这些语法点梳理下来了，大概有一个基本的概念就没问题了。
(2)词汇第二个就是词汇，英语二的词汇表，大纲后面主要是词汇表，词汇表没有任何的差别。
浙江省非英语专业学士学位英语考试真题
浙江省非英语专业学士学位英语考试真题Zhejiang Province Non-English Major Bachelor Degree English TestPart I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Scientists have discovered a new species of butterfly in the Amazon rainforest. This butterfly is unique in its bright colors and intricate patterns. The discovery was made by a team of researchers from the University of Zhejiang who were conducting a study of butterfly populations in the region.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The discovery of a new species of butterfly in the Amazon.B. The colors of butterflies in the rainforest.C. The University of Zhejiang's research on butterflies.D. The patterns of a new butterfly species.2. Who made the discovery of the new butterfly species?A. A team of scientists.B. A team of biologists.C. A team of researchers.D. A team of entomologists.3. According to the passage, what is unique about the new butterfly species?A. Its size.B. Its colors and patterns.C. Its habitat in the Amazon.D. Its behavior in the rainforest.4. Where was the new butterfly species discovered?A. In the Amazon rainforest.B. At the University of Zhejiang.C. In a laboratory.D. In a museum.5. What was the purpose of the researchers' study?A. To study butterfly populations in the Amazon.B. To find new species of butterflies.C. To conduct research on butterflies.D. To explore the rainforest.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions: There are thirty incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.6. The students ______ the final exams next week.A. haveB. will haveC. have hadD. will be having7. John usually ______ up early to go running.A. getB. getsD. got8. We ______ shopping when it started to rain.A. areB. wereC. have beenD. will be9. He hasn't decided where he ______ for his vacation.A. goesB. will goC. is goingD. was going10. The movie ______ very popular since it was released last week.A. have beenB. isC. wasPart III Multiple Choice Cloze (30 points)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.11. I usually ______ up at 7 AM on weekdays.A. getB. getsC. gotD. gotten12. I wanted to buy some new clothes, ______ I didn't have enough money.A. orB. butC. yetD. so13. The weather was so nice that we ______ a picnic in the park.A. hadB. haveC. hasD. had had14. Please ______ me a favor and help me with this project.A. doB. takeC. makeD. have15. I couldn't understand what he was saying ______ he was speaking too fast.A. althoughB. becauseC. asD. whilePart IV Writing (100 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 60 minutes to write a composition on the topic “My Hometown”. You should writeat least 150 words and base your composition on the outline below:1. Introduction: Introduce your hometown and describe its location.2. Climate: Describe the climate in your hometown.3. Attractions: Mention some attractions or interesting places in your hometown.4. Food: Describe a traditional dish or food in your hometown.5. Conclusion: Summarize your thoughts on why you love your hometown.Remember to:1. Write in paragraphs.2. Use proper grammar and punctuation.3. Use your own words as much as possible.Sample Writing:My HometownI come from a small town called Zhejiang, located in the eastern part of China. The town is known for its beautiful sceneryand rich history. The climate in Zhejiang is mild and pleasant, with warm summers and cool winters.One of the main attractions in Zhejiang is the West Lake, a scenic area surrounded by lush green hills. Visitors can enjoy boat rides on the lake or explore the ancient temples and pagodas nearby. Another popular spot is the Hefang Street, a bustling market where you can find traditional handicrafts and local souvenirs.One of the most famous dishes in Zhejiang is the Dongpo Pork, a braised pork belly dish that is both savory and sweet. The dish has a long history and is considered a delicacy in Chinese cuisine.In conclusion, I love my hometown of Zhejiang because of its natural beauty, rich culture, and delicious food. It will always hold a special place in my heart.Overall, the Zhejiang Province Non-English Major Bachelor Degree English Test covers a wide range of topics and skills, providing students with a comprehensive evaluation of their English abilities. Preparation and practice are key to success in this exam, and students are encouraged to study diligently in order to achieve their desired results.。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(含答案)
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D an ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)"The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber czar, offered the Osa ma government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a ―voluntary identify‖ system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on‖ systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a ―walled garden‖ in safe ―neighborhoods‖ and bright ―streetlights‖ to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a ―voluntary ecosystem‖ in which indivi duals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'"Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license‖ mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the ―voluntaryand identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1.A.swept B. skipped C. walked D. ridden2.A.for B. within C. while D. though3.A.careless B. lawless C. pointless D. helpless4.A.reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposalrmation B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent6.A.by B. into C. from D. over7.A.linked B. directed C. chained D. compared8.A.dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve9.A.recall B. suggest C. select D. realize10.A.released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered11.A.carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in12.A.In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast13.A.trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing14.A.caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience15.A.on B. after C. beyond D. across16.A.divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united17.A.frequently B. incidentally C. occasionally D. eventually18.A.skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm19.A.manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible20.A.invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University in Rhode Island. For the rest of the decade she apparently juggled both roles (as well as several other directorships) without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms Simmons was under fire from students and alumni for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February Ms Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. Leaders from other fields are frequently in demand: former presidents or Cabinet members, retired CEOs, and yes, university presidents. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms, although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up", leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives, such as increasing pay, says Dr Fahlenbrach.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1,Ms Simmons was criticized for .A. gaining excessive profits B .failing to fulfill her dutyC .refusing to make compromises D. leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .A. generous investors B .unbiased executivesC .share price forecastersD .independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University，after an outside director’s Surprisedeparture ,the fire is likely to .A. become more stableB. report increased earningsC .do less well in the stock market D. perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .A. may stay for the attractive offers form the firm.B. have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm.C. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm.D. will decline incentives from the firm.25 The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is.A permissiveB positiveC scornfulD criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting on June 15th. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. GermA.n and Brazilian papers shrugged off the recession (see article). Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the OECD. In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely pruned. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. Just look at the fate of Otis Chandler’s creation.26.By saying ―Newspapers like ….their own doom‖(lines 3-4,para,1) the author indicates that newspapers .A .neglected the sign of crisisB .failed to get state subsidiesC .were not charitable corporationsD .were in a desperate situation27.Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .A .readers threatened to pay lessB .newspapers wanted to reduce costsC .journalists reported little about these areasD .subscribers complained about slimmer products.pared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspaper are much more stable because they .A .have more sources of revenueB .have more balanced newsroomsC .are less dependant on advertisingD .are less affected by readership29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?A .Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.B .Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspapers.C .Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspapers business.D .Readers have lost their interest in car and firm30.The most appropriate title for this text would beA .American Newspapers: Struggling for SurvivalB .American Newspapers: Gone with the WindC .American Newspapers: A Thriving BusinessD .American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint,in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase ―less is more‖ was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood — materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation ma sked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet —than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward ―less‖ was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses —usually around 1,200 square feet —than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The ―Case Study Houses‖ commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the ―less is more‖ trend. Aesthetic effect came from the land scape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life — few American families acquired helicopters, though mosteventually got clothes dryers — but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans .A. prosperity an growthB. efficiency and practicalityC. restraint and confidenceD. pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?A. It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.B. Its designing concept was affected by World War II.C. Most American architects used to be associated with it.D. It had a great influence upon American architecture.33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design .A. was related to large spaceB. was identified with emptinessC. was not reliant on abundant decorationD. was not associated with efficiency34.What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?A. They ignored details and proportions.B. They were built with materials popular at that time.C. They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.D. They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35.What can we learn about the design of the ―Case Study Houses‖?A. Mechanical devices were widely used.B. Natural scenes were taken into consideration.C. Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.D. Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded outlandish not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a ―Bermuda triangle‖ of debt, demographic decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive stragglers the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that stray. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a count ry’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French dirigisme.A ―southern‖ camp headed by France wants something different: ―European economic government‖ within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians meddling in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or outright fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: eg, curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more porous to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalisation, and make capitalism benign.36.The EU is faced with to many problems thatA .it has more or less lost faith in marketsB .even its supporters begin to feel concernedC .some of its member countries plan to abandon euroD .it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37 The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powersA .are competing for the leading positionB .are busy handling their own crisesC. fail to reach an agreement on harmonisationD .disagree on the steps towards disintegration38 To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed thatA .EU funds for poor regions be increasedB .stricter regulations be imposedC .only core members be involved in economic co-ordinationD .voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39 The French proposal of handling the crisis implies thatA. poor countries are more likely to get fundsB .strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesC .loans will be readily available to rich countriesD .rich countries will basically control EurobondsA .pessimisticB .desperate C. conceited D. hopefulPart BDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A — G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text （41 — 45）. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or binge drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and confectionery could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt toimprove school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before the 9pm watershed and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes – by setting stringent limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front."He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals – areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.Section III TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your version on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)We would have thought that globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment Google search an leak between 0.2 and 0.7 grams of C2O,depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right‖ answer. To deliver results to its needs quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centers around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of C2O,these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centre need to be well air-confirmed gases even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency quickly and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the need to production, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to:(1)congratulate him/her, and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write a short essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 wordsWrite your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15points)2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌份额示意图参考答案选择题：1-5ACBDD 6-10BACCA 11-15DBACA 16-20CDACD21-25BBDAA 26-30DBCBB 31-35BDCDB 36-40DCBAC 41-45EDCFG46翻译有谁会想到，在全球范围内，IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多？占二氧化碳总排量的2%.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。
学位英语考试试题
学位英语考试试题 标题：学位英语考试试题解析与应对策略 学位英语考试是衡量非英语专业毕业生英语能力的关键考试，其成绩对于学位授予具有重要影响。本文将详细解析学位英语考试试题，并提供针对性的应对策略，以帮助考生顺利通过考试。
一、确定文章类型 本文属于说明文，旨在向读者解析学位英语考试试题，并提供有效应对策略。
二、梳理思路 1、引入学位英语考试背景及重要性； 2、解析考试题型及其考察重点； 3、分析不同题型的解题技巧； 4、提出针对性的复习建议； 5、总结应对策略及注意事项。 三、展开论述 1、学位英语考试背景及重要性 学位英语考试是面向非英语专业毕业生的英语能力测试，其成绩直接关系到学位的授予。此外，许多企事业单位也将英语水平作为招聘、晋升的重要指标，因此，通过学位英语考试对于就业和职业发展具有重要意义。
2、考试题型及其考察重点 学位英语考试主要包括听力、阅读、翻译和写作四个部分。 听力部分考察考生在真实语境中理解英语的能力，要求考生能够把握关键词、推测上下文含义，并进行简单的推断。
阅读部分考察考生的英语阅读理解能力，要求考生能够准确把握文章主旨，理解细节，并进行适当的推断。
翻译部分考察考生的英语表达能力和双语转换能力，要求考生能够准确翻译原文，并表达得当。
写作部分考察考生的英语书面表达能力，要求考生能够根据题目要求，撰写一篇结构清晰、表达得体的短文。
3、解题技巧 针对不同题型，考生应掌握相应的解题技巧。例如，听力部分可通过提前阅读题目、预测答案、注意关键词等技巧提高准确率；阅读部分可采用快速阅读、略读等技巧，以准确把握文章主旨；翻译部分应注重理解原文，并采用适当的翻译技巧，如直译、意译等；写作部分则需注意文章结构、语法、词汇等方面的规范性。
4、复习建议 为顺利通过学位英语考试，考生应采取以下复习建议： 1、制定合理的复习计划，确保复习时间和效率； 2、以真题为基础，进行模拟练习，了解自身实际水平； 3、注重词汇积累，扩大词汇量； 4、多听多读，提高语感和阅读理解能力； 5、写作部分应多练习，可请老师或朋友进行修改，提高写作水平。 5、应对策略及注意事项 在应对学位英语考试时，考生需注意以下几点： 1、了解考试规则和要求，合理安排答题时间； 2、在考试前保持良好的心理状态，避免紧张和焦虑； 3、注意听清题目要求，避免因误解题目而失分； 4、在写作部分，注意语法、拼写、标点等方面的规范性。 四、适当总结 本文对学位英语考试试题进行了详细解析，并提出了针对性的应对策略和复习建议。希望通过本文的介绍，能够帮助考生更好地应对学位英语考试，取得理想的成绩。
2011年GCT工程硕士(英语)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2011年GCT工程硕士（英语）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Structure 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Dialogue CompletionPart I V ocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1．If the car you have rented is clearly unsatisfactory, you can always______it for another.A．shiftB．exchangeC．switchD．replace正确答案：D解析：shift“改变，轮换”，exchange“交换”，switch“转换”，replace“替换”，固定搭配replace for B的意思是“把A换成B”。
因此D为正确答案。
2．Every manager needs a secretary that he can______to take care of something that may occur in his absence.A．bring onB．hold onC．count onD．focus on正确答案：C解析：bring on“引起，提出”，hold on“坚持，等待”，count on“依赖，依靠”，focus on“专注于”。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题-考研英语试卷与试题-
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题-考研英语试卷与试题-考研英语试卷2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题试卷编号：录入者：backplay试卷总分：100出卷时间：2011-02-28 03:8答题时间：120分钟Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank andmark [A]，[B]，[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exerciseprecious to health.”But __1___some claims to the contrary，laughing probablyhas little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changesin the function of the heart and its blood vessels，___3_ heart rate and oxygenconsumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__，a good laugh isunlikely to have __5___ benefits the way，say，walking or jogging does.__6__，instead of straining muscles to build them，as exercise does，laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__，studies dating back to the 1930‘sindicate that laughter__8___ muscles，decreasing muscle tone for up to 45minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychologicalstress. Anyway，the act of laughing probably does produce other types of___10___ feedback，that improve an individual‘s emotional state. __11____oneclassical theory of emotion，our feelings are partially rooted ____12___physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans donot cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears，evidence suggests that emotions canflow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，socialpsychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany askedvolunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating anartificial smile –or with their lips，which would produce a（n）__17___expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoonsthan did those whose months were contracted in a frown，____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ，the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1. [0.5分]AamongBexceptCdespiteDlike2. [0.5分]AreflectBdemandCindicateDproduce3. [0.5分]AstabilizingBboostingCimpairingDdetermining4. [0.5分]AtransmitBsustainCevaluateDobserve5. [0.5分]AmeasurableBmanageableCaffordableDrenewable6. [0.5分]AIn turnBIn factCIn additionDIn brief7. [0.5分]AoppositeBimpossibleCaverageDexpected8. [0.5分]AhardensBweakensCtightensDrelaxesAaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance 10. [0.5分] Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal 11. [0.5分] AExcept for BAccording to CDue toDAs for12. [0.5分] AwithBonCinDat13. [0.5分] Aunless BuntilCif Dbecause 14. [0.5分] Aexhausts Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses 15. [0.5分] AintoBfrom Ctowards Dbeyond 16. [0.5分] AfetchBbiteCpickDhold17. [0.5分] Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful18. [0.5分]AadaptedBcateredCturnedDreacted19. [0.5分]AsuggestingBrequiringCmentioningDsupposing20. [0.5分]AEventuallyBConsequentlyCSimilarlyDConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A]，[B]，[C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since thesudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part，the response has been favorable，to say the least. “Hooray！At last！”wrote Anthony Tommasini，a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise，however，is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini，who had advocated Gilbert‘s appointment in the Times，calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like GustavMahler and Pierre Boulez，that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part，I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure，he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions，but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall，or anywhere else，to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to goto my CD shelf，or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time，attention，and money of theart-loving public，classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses，dance troupes，theater companies，and museums，but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.There recordings are cheap，available everywhere，and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‘s live performances；moreover，they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in theinstitution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new musichas been widely noted：Alex Ross，a classical-music critic，has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different，more vibrant organization.”But what will be the nature of that difference？Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert andthe Philharmonic are to succeed，they must first change the relationship between America‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21.We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‘s appointment has[2分]Aincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[2分]Ainfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[2分]Aignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24.According to the text，which of the following is true of recordings？[2分] AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BThey are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DThey have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilbert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic，the authorfeels[2分]Adoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Dpuzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August，hisexplanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in theusual vague excuses，he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue mygoal of running a compa ny.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision，”McGee says. Within two weeks，he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group，which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect onwhat kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to theoutside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn‘t alone. In recent weeks theNo.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in responseto shareholder pressure，executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious ofletting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold，deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter，CEO turnover wasdown 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had，according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up，opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rulethat the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. SaysKorn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I can‘t think of a single search I’vedone where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven‘t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age，saying she wantedto be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions tobe a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three yearslater.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. Thefinancial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave abad one. “The traditional rule was it‘s safer to stay where you are，but that’s been fundamentally inverted，”says one headhunter. “The people who‘ve been hurt the worst are tho se who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure，his manner can best be described as being[2分]Aarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2，senior executives‘quitting may be spurred by[2分] Atheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached”（Line 3，Paragraph 4）most probably means[2分] Aapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[2分]Atop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dit‘s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title for the text？[2分]ACEOs：Where to Go？BCEOs：All the Way Up？CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paidfor. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercialsand print advertisements –still play a major role，companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ，such marketers act as the initiator for users‘responses. But in some cases，one marketer’s owned media become another marketer‘s paid media –for instance，when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is sostrong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines withinthat environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy，effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines andhotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson，for example，has created BabyCenter，a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income，the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’marketing，and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more （and more diverse）communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker，more visible，and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media：an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers，other stakeholders，oractivists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members ofsocial networks，for instance，are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuade others toboycott products，putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In sucha case，the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful，and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor，for example，alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick andwell-orchestrated social-media response campaign，which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned”media when they are[2分]Aobscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.Binspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.Ceager to help their friends promote quality products.Denthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32.According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature[2分]Aa safe business environment.Brandom competition.Cstrong user traffic.Dflexibility in organization.33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[2分]Ainvite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.Bcan be used to produce negative effects in marketing.Cmay be responsible for fiercer competition.Ddeserve all the negative comments about them.34.Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of[2分]Aresponding effectively to hijacked media.Bpersuading customers into boycotting products.Ccooperating with supportive consumers.Dtaking advantage of hijacked media.35.Which of the following is the text mainly about ？[2分]AAlternatives to conventional paid media.BConflict between hijacked and earned media.CDominance of hijacked media.DPopularity of owned media.Text 4It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful，provocative magazine cover story，“I love My Children，I Hate My Life，”is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anythingless than a completely fulfilling，life-enriching experience. Rather thanconcluding that children make parents either happy or miserable，Senior suggestswe need to redefine happiness：instead of thinking of it as something that canbe measured by moment-to-moment joy，we should consider being happy as apast-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids canbe soul-crushingly hard，Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby ishardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock，as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week featuresat least one celebrity mom，or mom-to-be，smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation，is it any wonderthat admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you supportkitten-killing ？It doesn‘t seem quite fair，then，to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked towonder if they shouldn’t have had kids，but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world：obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes intheir lives.Of course，the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weeklyand People present is hugely unrealistic，especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents areless happy than childless couples，single parents are the least happy of all. Noshock there，considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner tolean on；yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their “own”（read：with round-the-clock help）is a piece of cake.It‘s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous：most adults understandthat a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images wesee every week of stress-free，happiness-enhancing parenthood aren‘t in some small，subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience，in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel”might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[2分] Atemporary delightBenjoyment in progressChappiness in retrospectDlasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[2分]Acelebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.Bsingle mothers with babies deserve greater attention.Cnews about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.Dhaving children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[2分]Aare constantly exposed to criticism.Bare largely ignored by the media.Cfail to fulfill their social responsibilities.Dare less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4，the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[2分] Asoothing.Bambiguous.Ccompensatory.Dmisleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph？[2分]AHaving children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.BCelebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.CHaving children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.DWe sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections：The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45，you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing fromthe list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G havebeen correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）A. No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm asthe humanities. You can，Mr Menand points out，became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoraldegree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly，up to half of alldoctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.B. His concern is mainly with the humanities：Literature，languages，philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style：22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% inhistory and 4% in English. However，many leading American universities wanttheir undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a“general education”should look like. At Harvard，Mr Menand notes，“the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.C. Equally unsurprisingly，only about half end up with professorships forwhich they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This ispartly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewerstudents want to study humanities subjects：English departments awarded more bachelor‘s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer studentsrequires fewer teachers. So，at the end of a decade of theses-writing，many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have notbeen trained.D. One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that theycan cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-artseducations and professional education should be kept separate，taught indifferent schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more thanhalf of Harvard undergraduates end up in law，medicine or business，future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree beforeembarking on a professional qualification.E. Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation，top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process：federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990，but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research tookits toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career：as late as 1969a third ofAmerican professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation，argues Mr Menand，is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”Sodisciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge，butalso over the production of the producers of knowledge.F. The key to reforming higher education，concludes Mr Menand，is to alterthe way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise，academics will continue to think dangerously alike，increasingly detached from thesocieties which they study，investigate and criticize.“Academic inquiry，atleast in some fields，may need to become less exclusionary and moreholistic.”Yet quite how that happens，Mr Menand dose not say.G. The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas：Reformand Resistance in the American University should be read by every studentthinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities，and Louis Menand，a professor of English at Harvard University，captured it skillfully.G →41. →42. →E →43. →44. →45.41.[每空2分]42.[每空2分]43.[每空2分]44.[每空2分]45.[每空2分]Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentsinto Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2.（10 points）With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver，”creating our innercharacter and outer circumstances，the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen isan in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.[（46）Allen‘s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal itserroneous nature.] Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter，we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless；this allows us to thinkone way and act another. However，Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind，and [（47）while we may be ableto sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone，in realitywe are continually faced with a question：“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that？”]Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do notaccord with desire，Allen concluded ：“We do not attract what we want，but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement；you don‘t “get”success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.Part of the fame of Allen‘s book is its contention that “Circumstances donot make a person，they reveal him.”[（48）This seems a justification forneglect of those in need，and a rationalization of exploitation，of thesuperiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.]This ，however，would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances，however bad，offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people，then humanity would never have progressed. In fat，[（49）circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we areunlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless，as any biographer knows，a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual. ]The sobering aspect of Allen‘s book is that we have no one else to blame forour present condition except ourselves. [（50）The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us；where before we were expertsin the array of limitations，now we become authorities of what is possible.]46. [2分]参考答案：艾伦的贡献在于提出了我们大家都认同的假设——我们不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思维——并且指出了这个假设是错误的。