上海市嘉定区2018届高三下学期教学质量调研(二模)英语试题(无听力)

2018嘉定区高考英语二模 2018.4 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Stephen Hawking: Science’s Brightest Star His family released a statement in the early hours of Wednesday morning confirming his death at his home in Cambridge. Hawking’s children, Lucy, Robert and Tim, said in a statement: “We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today. He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man (21)______ work and legacy will live on for many years.” For fellow scientists and loved ones, it was Hawking’s intuition and wicked sense of humor (22)______ marked him out as much as the fierce intellect that, coupled with his illness, came to symbolize (23)______ unbounded possibilities of the human mind. Hawking was driven to Wagner, but not the bottle, when he (24)______ (diagnose) with motor neurone disease in 1963 at the age of 21. Doctors expected him (25)______ (live) for only two more years. But Hawking had a form of the disease that progressed more slowly than usual. He survived for more than half a century. Hawking once estimated he worked only 1,000 hours during his three undergraduate years at Oxford. In his finals, he came close (26)______ a first- and second-class degree. (27)______ (convince) that he was seen as a difficult student, he told his examiners that if they gave him a first he would move to Cambridge to pursue his phD. Award a second and he threatened to stay. They opted for a first. Those who live in the shadow of death are often those who live most. For Hawking, the early diagnosis of his terminal disease, and (28)______ (witness) the death from leukemia of a boy he knew in hospital, aroused a fresh sense of purpose. “(29)______ there was a cloud hanging over my future, I found, to my surprise, that I was enjoying life in the present more than before. I began to make progress with my research,” he once said. Taking up his career in earnest, he declared: “My goal is simple. It is a complete understanding of the universe, why it is (30)______ it is and why it exists at all.”

Section B A. analysis B. usually C. assures D. pours E. development F. necessary G. cloudy H. absent I. cultivate J. allow K. extremely

He is kindly The other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to __31__ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife __32__ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younger novelists he finds it __33__ to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still __34__ light-hearted. I have always considered him the most brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and __35__ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will __36__. Born in St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and into his own best work he __37__ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelist’s book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful __38__. Just what he will write in the future remains __39__. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work. It is to be hoped that from it will be __40__ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.

III. Reading Comprehension Section A Standards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效) Quality teaching depends on not just teacher’s knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Schools need to offer a coherent curriculum focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work __41__ with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evaluate the outcomes of their __42__. If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the __43__ of each aspect of their work – a practice reinforced by their accreditation(评定) requirements, - schools must have regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness. As Richard Rothstein and colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountability can be supported by school __44__, like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms, __45__ samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences, __46__ looking at objective data such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make __47__ about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力) for principals. As described earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the __48__ and comparability of school-based assessments (as in England and Australia), as well as school’s internal assessment and evaluation process (as in Hong Kong). In most countries’ inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of instruction and other services and supports, as well as students’ __49__ and progress on a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social __50__, the acquisition of workplace skills and the __51__ to which students are encouraged to adopt safe practices and a __52__ lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedback on what the inspectors both saw and __53__. Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention are then given more expert __54__ and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be

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上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期英语教学质量检测(二模)

上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测（二模）II. Grammar and vocabularySection A—10分Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma 21 (spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt 22 the puma began in a small village where a woman 23 (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being 24 it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at 25 place twenty miles away in the evening. 26 it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a 27 (fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, 28 where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one 29 have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing30 (think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.Section B—10分Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.workB. specifyC. traditionallyD. ingredientE. uneasyF. additionalG. culturally H. block I. determine J. requirement K. criticalA multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That‟s a(an) 31 difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can‟t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively 32 any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) 33 that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you‟re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers Do you have the right employee to buildup the 34 ?For 20-odd years, I‟ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to 35 the qualifications their ideal candidate would have.Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the36 requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic (语言的)abilities they see as crucial are not enough.Of course, it‟s far more difficult to37 candidates multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills—but it‟s also a far more important 38 to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He‟d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New Yor k City—the most 39 diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was 40 about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him just asMexican buyers would have if he‟d been selected for the job.I II. Reading ComprehensionSection A—15分Hailing from Sweden, “plogging” is a fitness craze that sees participants pick up plastic litter while jogging adding a virtuous, environmentally driven element to the sport. Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global, due to increasing awareness and 41 over plastic levels in the ocean.The appeal of plogging is its 42 —all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying 43 to jogging. we can assume the health benefits are increased.Running and good causes have always gone 44 —just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn‟t be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.Anything that‟s getting people out in nature and connecting 45 with their I environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to 46 our inland waterways of plastic pollution. There‟s been a real 47 in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Planet highlighting how disastrous the crisis is,” she says.We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through 48 like plogging and Plastic Patrol.The plastic Patrol app allows users to 49 plastic anywhere in the world by collecting discarded items, photographing them and 50 to the app, giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. “I‟d urge all ploggers to get involved,” adds Carr.Plogging isn‟t the first fitness trend to combine running with a good cause, Here are some of o ur favourites:Good GymIts idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back. 51 among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far, 52 , Good Gym is finding a solution.Guide RunningGuide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get 53 . By linking themselves together, the 54 —impaired individual can feel safe while both work of a sweat.55 for the HomelessStart-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者).41. A. satisfaction B. hesitation C. fear D. control42. A. complexity B. simplicity C. instrument D. expense43. A. substance B. responsibility C. value D. weight44. A. one on one B. head to toe C. hand in hand D. on and off45. A. positively B. neutrally C. objectively D. fairly46. A. accuse B. rid C. assure D. rob47. A. shift B. interest C. aid D. delight48. A. motives B. performances C. exercises D. initiatives49. A. eliminate B. map C. seek D. degrade50. A. leading B. devoting C. ending D. uploading51. A. Disappointment B. Tiredness C. Sickness D. Loneliness52. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. instead53. A. excited B. ready C. active D. smart54. A. visually B. audibly C. visibly D. sensibly55. A. Running B. Plogging C. Driving D. CyclingSection B—22 分(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking‟s third academ ic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties (定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book‟s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family‟s life insurance.58. The underlined word thumbed is closest in meaning to .A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in .A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general public D creating the rocketing sales of a technical book(B)Conventional wisdom may tell you that a master‟s degree from Harvard Business School in the US is the key to a Fortune 500 job, while the same degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, US, means a possible career on Wall Street.It seems that the graduate school you go to somewhat decides your future. And a recent New York Times article reveals the correlation between MBA (Master of Business Administration) graduates at certain US schools and career prospects. To work at AmazonRoss School of Business (University of Michigan)Amazon regularly hires more MBAs from top 10 business schools than big Wall Street firms. And a large chunk of Americans employees are from Ross. Graduate Peter Faricy, vice president of Amazon Marketplace, says the reason behind this is that Ross‟ curriculum-related offerings, a problem-solvingcourse for instance, are particularly well suited to Amazon.To work at McKinsey& CompanyKellogg School of Management (Northwestern)For an MBA, landing a job at McKinsey is like trying to get into a competitive business school all over again. However, Kellogg graduates perform well in the fierce competition. The school‟s MBAs are in demand at elite consulting firms, which hired 35 percent of Kellogg graduates last year, a higher percentage than at Harvard (23 percent) andStanford (16 percent).To work at AppleFuqua School of Business (Duke)Silicon alley hasn‟t always welcomed MBAs. However, two of Apple‟s top 10 executives come from Fuqua. Apple has hired 32 Fuqua graduates over the past five years, and provided 42 internships for Duke students.To start your own companyHarvard Business SchoolThe extensive resources Harvard has devoted to its entrepreneurial offerings in recent years are starting to show real results. By many accounts, it has surpassed Stanford as the top entrepreneurial hot-bed in the US.60. Which university offers students a course on various approaches to difficulties at work?A. Kellogg School of Management.B. Ross School of Business.C. Harvard Business School.D. Fuqua School of Business.61. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Consulting companies favor MBA students from Kellogg.B. Stanford produces the greatest number of business leaders.C. To work at Apple, MBA graduates have an advantage.D. Wall Street employs more MBAs from top 10 than Amazon.62. If you want to work in the area of hi-tech electronic products, you may choose to study in .A. Wharton SchoolB. Kellogg School of ManagementC. Ross School of BusinessD. Fuqua School of Business(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,” George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark‟s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today‟s standards. A Ma rs mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present systems for getting from Earth‟s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs—or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck(敬畏的) staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or au tomated space telescopes. Bush‟s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA‟s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science—the one aspect of space exploration that‟s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion (推进力)? lf new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark‟s expeditio n and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush‟s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that .A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people‟s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush‟s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space explo rationD. The achievements in space exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain Americas position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won‟t make great discoveries.Section C—8分Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Being simple might be another reason.B. It was the only affordable way to play them.C. We should have admiration for this old technology.D. The current trend for old games shows no sign of slowing.E. Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive.F. So it seems like its not …game over‟ for old-school technologyRetro GamingThere‟s no doubt that in today‟s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. 67 And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground—and now they are being talked about—and played again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: 68 I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc... but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?69 The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says “it‟s important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are…the developers had so little space to work with-your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb-and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today‟s games.70This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.IV. 71. Summary Writing—10分Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60wonds. Use your own words as, far as possible.Every time there is a mass shooting, the debate surrounding guns tends to flare up in America. The abuse of guns has been a serious problem in the US all along, but why doesn‟t the US government just dismiss owning guns privately?The right to own a gun and defend oneself is central to American society. As early as the1600s, when the first Europeans set foot on the continent of North America, they had to face a lot of dangers. They could only rely on themselves. Therefore, guns played a significant role in self-defense. Guns were also important in American‟s Independent War and the Civil War.Secondly, the American founding fathers believed that gun ownership was necessary for a truly free country. If the government distrusts the people and disarms them, then that government no longer represents the people. The Second Amendment to the US Constitution specifies that the American people cannot be deprived of the “right to keep and bear arms.” So the sale and purchase of firearms are leg al in the United States according to law.The importance of guns is also derived from the role of hunting in American culture. In the nation‟s early years, hunting was essential for food and shelter. Today, guns are a vital part of hunting, which remains very popular as both a sport and a way of life in many parts of the country. People spend time with friends, sharing the pleasure that the sport brings.For those reasons, when critics say guns mean violence, they miss a large part of the picture, and they misrepresent the complex nature of America‟s diverse gun culture. Most people who own guns privately, are actually part of the gun culture. They have rational and thoughtful reasons to own and use guns.V. Translation—15分72. 我们常常忍不住秒回刚收到的信息。

2018届高三下学期质量调研(二模)英语试题含答案

普陀区2018学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟，满分140分)考生注意：I.本试卷共12页。

满分140分。

考试时间120分钟。

2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。

3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。

第1-20小题，第31-70小题，均由机器阅卷，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

第21-30小题，第IV, V大题(即第72-75小题)和VI大题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。

I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2018 published by the World Wildlife Fund.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. ‚Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,‛ the report says.‚Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2018 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do seeparticularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.‛The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. ‚One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,‛ said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London. ‚On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.‛Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ____32____ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情)You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____41____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____42____ as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____43____ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can t ____44____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a t ____45____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggressionIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it _______because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can _______ the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a ______side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with ________consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _______,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomedmore men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like _______sports , and so do I , but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the surname of the guy who creates the monster . The monster doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s desperate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to be beautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it . When they mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on itscreator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swears to track it down and kill it .This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave rise to the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein , ‚ He is a negative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .‛Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as necessary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet Percy Shelly , were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature . Romancism was a reacrion against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason . The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . It’s also co nsidered one of the first major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to ‘hideous’ in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery .59. What effect did ‚ F rankenstein‛ have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someoneelse.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.The ‘ Ph one Stack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes out to dinner with friends , he plays something, called the ‚ phone stack‛ game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smartphones continue to burrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks .‚Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,‛ Lesley M. M. Blume , a New York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .‛ The expectation that we must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. ‚ Much of the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tin that Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. ‚ If my phones is buzzing or lighting up , it’s still a distraction , so it goes in the box . ‚, said Ms. Holley , who lives in a row house in Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .‛It’s not something I want my kid to see.‛ Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.‛I don’t want to sleep next to something that is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,‛ said Peter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight .‛‚It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly .‛Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But it’s not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition . The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63. What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the ‚ phone stack‛ game?A. His friends aren’t willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people’s family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents’ behaviorD. The game meets people’s demand for keeping away from phones easily Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‚Any apple today ?‛, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just them .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________ Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .‛ Here , darling , ‚ I said , ‚ is what I owe you ,‛ _____________‛ Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.‛‚ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .___________At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。

2018届嘉定高三英语二模答案

2017学年度嘉定区高三年级第二次质量调研英语试卷参考答案I. Listening Comprehension1-5 BACBD 6-10 CCBAD 11-13 CAB 14-16 BAD 17-20 ACDC II. Grammar and Vocabulary21.whose 22. that 23. the 24. was diagnosed 25. to live26. between 27. Convinced 28. witnessing 29.Although/ though/While 30. what/as31-35 I C F K E 36-40 J D A G HIII. Reading Comprehension41-45 BDACC 46-50 DABBA 51-55 DBCAC56-59 ADBC 60-62 BAD 63-66 BDBA 67-70. DFBAIV. Summary writingRomans was made up of two classes: patricians and plebeians. Patricians, the nobles, inherited power and controlled the government while plebeians, the common people, who used to have few rights, gradually gained various rights through struggles. From 300 B.C., the distinction between them was less obvious as many plebeians became nobles, and Rome was still controlled by nobles.V. Translation72. The suggestion he put forward at the meeting is worth giving a second thought.0.5 0.5 0.5 1 0.573. Laws and policies should adapt to the developing needs of our society.1 1 174. On no account can you let any difficulties discourage/ beat you, for you can never tell how1 1 1close you may be to success.175. Parents try to shelter / protect their children from problems and even make important1.5 1decisions for them, which will do harm to / be harmful to /be bad for the growth of their children.1.5 1II. Guided Writing (略)2017学年第二学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷听力部分现在开始I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. W: It’s almost midnight. Why don’t we leave the work until tomorrow?M: That’s a good idea. I am alm ost beaten.Q: What can we learn about the man from the conversation?2. W: Would you attend my friend’s birthday party with me?M: To tell you the truth, I really can’t go anywhere because I’m going to take the final exam tomorrow.Q: What will the man probably do tonight?3. W: I can’t find my driver license. What should I do?M: If I were you, I would report to the police first and then apply for a new one.Q: What has happened to the woman?4. W: Bill, how did you do in your test today?M: Oh, mum, well enough to deserve your promise to reward me, I think.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?5. M: Are you going to return to your present job after you recover from illness?W: No, I plan to be a full-time student next term.Q: What will the woman do?6. W: Welcome to my home again and there is always a spare room for you here.M: Thank you very much. I had a wonderful time with your family.Q: Why did the man thank the woman?7. M: What will you do with your flat when you are away on holiday?W: I’ll never find a better flat around here. Oh, I have paid three months’ rent on an empty flat.Q: What does this conversation imply?8. M: Excuse me, I’m going to travel next month and would like to buy some kind of insurance.W: Ok, will you be participating in any extreme sports like bungee jumping or cliff diving?Q: What are the two speakers talking about?9. M: What do you think of the new album of Kris Phillips?W: It seems that there are some changes in his musicals, but I am always his fan.Q: What can we know about the woman?10. W: Oh, Gosh. You American students are so talkative in class.M: Sure. We believe that learning is shaped from active participation.Q: What does the man think of classroom learning?Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Life is not always peaceful. No one wants to find themselves in dangerous situations. However, developing survival skills can help you be prepared for whatever happens.Stay positive. People who believe they have control over what happens to them are more likely to believe in themselves and take action. Jerry Long is a good example. When he was 17 years old, he broke his neck in a diving accident. As a result, he couldn’t move most of his body. In the same situation, many people might give up. Long, however, said that his life remained full of meani ng and purpose. He said, “I broke my neck, it didn’t break me.” Start to develop this positive attitude today. Then, you’ll be better prepared for anything.Focus on survival. Four young people headed into the middle of the Amazon rain forest. They thought they were on an amazing adventure, but then things started to go wrong. One of the adventurers, Yossi Ghinsberg, ended up alone and lost in the Bolivian jungle for three weeks. During that time he repeated the phrase “man of action” to motivate himself. Later, he explained it like this. “A man of action does whatever he must, isn’t afraid, and doesn’t worry.”If you find yourself in a crisis, stay positive and focus on survival. Everything else will take care of itself later. (Now listen again, please.)Questions11. What is Jerry Long likely to agree with?12. How did Ghinsberg manage to leave the jungle safely?13. What does the speaker want to tell us?Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.Ahmed Zewail was an Egyptian chemist. He won a scholarship for doctoral studies in the United States at the age of 23. When he arrived at the University of Pennsylvanian in 1969, he was painfully aware that his homeland was seen as a loser in the technological race. His English was so poor that some of his new university colleagues even wondered whether he could finish the task in the chemistry lab.After earning his doctor’s degree, he spent two years of research at the University of California. Then he went to California Institute of Technology in 1976 and worked there for 40 years. When he won a Nobel Prize in chemistry, he had a new mission: Bringing world-class science education to Egypt. He was well aware that modern science is the generator of economic well-being, so he flew to Egypt, his homeland, to meet with President and proposed the creation of a university of science and technology. The university won government permission to begin enrolling students in Dec. 2012.Dr. Zewail died in 2016, a few years after the creation of a university near Cairo named after him. Egyptian President attended his military funeral. Although military funerals are usually held for military personnel, Zewail received the highest Egyptian state honor.(Now listen again, please.)Questions14.When did the University named after him begin to enroll students?15. What did Dr. Zewail do to improve Egyptian education?16. Why was Dr. Zewail given a military funeral?Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.M: Today, we have Professor M cKay on our morning talk show. Good morning, Professor McKay. I’ve heard that you and your team have just completed a report on old age.W: That’s right. Well, the report basically looks into the various beliefs that people hold about old age and tries to confirm them.M: And what do you think your report can achieve?W: We hope that it will somehow help people to change their feelings about old age. The problem is that far too many of us believe that most old people are poor, lonely, and unhappy. As a result, we tend to find old people, as a group, unattractive. And this is very dangerous for our society.M: But surely we cannot escape the fact that many old people are lonely and many are sick.W: No, we can’t. But we must also remember that the proportion of such people is no greater among the 60-70 age group than among the 50-60 age group.M: In other words, there is no more mental illness, for example, among the 60s-70s than among the 50s-60s.W: Right!M: Are people’s mental abilities affected by old age?W: Certain changes do take place as we grow older, but this happens throughout life. These changes are very gradual and happen at different times with different people, but, in general, if you know a person well in his middle age and have seen how he deals with events and problems, you will easily recognize him in an old age.M: So that someone who enjoys new experiences, travel, education, and so on in his middle years will usually continue to do so into old age?W: Exactly!(Now listen again, please.)Questions:17. What do we know about the report according to the conversation?18. What kind of problem of the old is our society facing?19. What can we learn about the old according to the conversation?20. What does Professor McKay think the report can achieve?(That’s the end of listening.)。

【2018年】高三英语上海市第二次模拟试题及参考答案

英语2018年高三上海市第二次模拟试题英语考试时间：____分钟填空题（本大题共7小题，每小题____分，共____分。

）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.On paper alone you would never guess that I grew up poor and hungry.These years my (21)____(recent) annual salary was over $700,000.I am a Truam National Security Fellow and a term member at the Council on Foreign Relations. My publisher has just released my latest book series on quantitative finance in worldwide distribution.(22) ____of it feels like enough.I feel(23)____I am wired(极度紧张的)for a permanent salary of fight or flight,waiting for the other shoe to drop, or the metaphorical week when I don’t eat.I’ve chosen not to have children, partly because(24)____any success-I still don’t feel I have a safety net.I have a huge minimum checking account balance in mind before I would ever consider having chidren If you knew me personally,you(25)____ get glimpses of stress,self-doubt,anxiety,and depression.In my childhood,I spent a lot of my time (26)____pondering basic questions. Where will my next meal come from?Will have electricity tomorrow?I (27)____(acquaint) with the embarrassment of my mom trying to hide our food stamps at the grocery store checkout.Iremember panic setting in as early as age 8,at the prospect of a perpetual uncertainty about everything in life, from food to clothes to education.I knew that the life I was living couldn’t be normal.I just wasn’t sure(28)____it was that wrong with the tiny microcosm I was borninto.As an adult I thought I’d figured that out.I’d always thought my upbringing had made me wary and cautious, in a “lessons learned”kind of way.Over the past dacades, though,that marrative(29) ____(evolve). We’ve learned that stresses（30）____（associate）with poverty have the potential to change our biology in ways we hadn’t imagined.It can reduce the surface area of your brain,shorten your telomeres and lifespan,increase your chances of obesity,and make you more likely to take outsized risks.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.magnetB.scheduledC.idealD.forwardE.touringF.envisionedG.architecture H.dramaticI.physical J.tentativelyK.headquartersDream Works Animation Bringing Broadway to ShanghaiDream Works Animation chief Jeffrey Katzenberg’s quest to build what he hopes will be China’s answer to New York’s Broadway has taken a big step____.Construction workers have begun work on the foundation of a 13-level tower that will be the new ____of Oriental Dream Works and linked to a large to a large,X-shaped IMAX cinema complex via a pathway____as an extended red carpet.The waterfront development is____to open in late 2017 on a choice parcel south of Shanghai’s historic Bund district.The Oriental Dream Works movie studio will have room for 500-plus animators,up from the company’s current 250 employees,and will be at the ____heart of the complex.Situated on the grounds of a shuttered cement factory, the complex will have five major live performance venues with 8,500 seats in total,including a 3.000-seat facility houses in a dome where cement was once mixed.In addition to hosting international touring productions of musicals and dramas,the Dream Center is visualized as a____for pop, rock and jazz concerts; sporting events such as mixed material arts and motorbike racing;fashion shows and awards ceremonies;and conferences,art fairs and____exhibitions.Planning is also underway for a Lego Discovery Center and an attraction____called the Kung Fu Panda Experience.The complex is designed by New York____film Kohn Pedersen Fox.Associates,which is behind the massive Hudson Yards redevelopment project on Manhattan’s West Side.The IMAX theater,meanwhile, will have eight to nine screens and presumably be the ____venue to host premiers of productions form Oriental DreamWorks----though it won’t be ready in time for the studio’s first effort,”Kung Fu Panda3”,scheduled for release in January.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin returned from the moon,their cargo included nearly fifty pounds of rock and soil,which were packed in an aluminum box with seals designed to maintain the ____surface’s low-pressure environment.But back at Johnson Spance Center,in Houston,scientists discovered that the seals had been____—by moon dust.Lunar dust is fine,like a powder,____it cuts like glass.It’s formed when meteoroids crash on the moon’s surface,heating rocks and dirt____them to fine particles.Since there’s no wind or water to smooth____edges,the tiny grains are sharp and sharp and jagged,and cling to nearly everything.“The invasive____of lunar dust represents a more challenging engineering design issue,as well as a____issure for settlers,than does radiation,”wrote Harrison(Jack) Schmitt,an Apollo 17 astronaut,in his 2006 book,”Return to the Moon.” The dust sullied spacesuits and ate away layers of moon boots.Over the____of six Apollo missions, not one rock box ____its vacuum seal. Dust followed the astronauts back into their ships,too.According to Schmit,it smelled like gunpowder,where particles are bound to the moon by gravity,but are so sparse that they____collide.In the nineteen-sixties,Surveyor probes filmed a glowing cloud floating just above the lunar surface during ter,Apollo 17 astronaut Gene Cernan,while orbiting the moon,recorded a ____phenomenon at the sharp line wherelunar day meets night,called the terminator.Cernan____a series of pictures illustrating the changing dustscape;streams of particles popped____the ground and levitatel,and the resulting cloud came into sharper focus as the astronauts’ orbiter approached daylight. ____there’s no wind to form and sustain the clouds,their origin is something of a mystery.It’s presumed that they’re made of dust,but no one fully understands how or why they do their thing.41. A.solar B.narC.dustyD.mysterious42. A.destroyed B.stainedC.changedD.redesigned43. A.because B.howeverC.butD.so44. A.adapting B.reducingC.tailoringD.shaping45. A.soft B.hardC.roughD.flat46. A.nature B.speedC.degreeD.troops47. A.intelligence B.healthC.fundD.future48. A.moment B.situationC.courseD.program49. A.installed B.lostC.foundD.maintained50. A.coats B.affectsC.protectsD.crusts51. A.frequently B.violentlyC.gentlyD.rarely52. A.strange B.similarmonD.different53. A.sketched B.describedC.receivedD.copied54. A.out B.inC.offD.down55. A.Although B.WhereverC.UnlessD.SinceSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Thewriter’s festival is more than an event celebrating authors,it also celebratesthe power of literature and the power of you,the reader.B.Storieshave been around since time began.C.But heargued sexual pleasure is too fleeting and betrayal too common,and while friendship was better italways ended with death.D.A 2013study found reading literary fiction can help you become more empathetic.E.It isno coincidence that Apollo was the god of medicine as well as poetry.F.They remind us of the university and timelessness ofemotions,helping us better understand our own.The understanding that literature can comfort,console and heal has been around since the second millennium Bc,____.As a bibliotherapist,I’m internsted in the therapeutic value stories have to offer us,particularly during times of stress.Here the intent around reading is different;the value of the story lies solely in our emotional response to it.One of the greatest arguments for using literature as therapy was posited by the Renaissance essayist Michel de Montaigne,who believed there were three possible cures for loneliness:have a lover,have friends and readbooks.____.Therefore,the only therapy that could endure through life was the companionship of literature.Why were the ancient Greeks and Romans right to suppose literature heals the soul?Why did Montaigne trust we could endure loneliness through a lifelong relationship with books?Why,despites all the distractions of modern life,do booksstill get published and writers’festival events get sold out?The answer lies in the power of stories.____.They tell us what it is to be human,give us a context for the past and aninsight towards the future.A narrator’s voice replaces our stressed,internal monologue and takes us out of our life and into the world of a story.Paradoxically,we think we are escaping ourselver but the best stories take us back deeper into our interior worlds.Freud,who believed the “reading cure” came before the “talding cure”,once wrote that wherever he want he discovered a poet had been there before.It is difficult to access emotional language and this is why we have writes,____What stories have shaped you?It’s a question reflecting on,as this shaping is often subconscious.The act of making it conscious will allow your future reading to perhaps have a different intent;you will be “reading” your life from now on,allowing you to live it more fully and better understand it.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Learn from mistakesThe best way to learn something is to make mistakes first.Thomas Edison.who invented the light bulb,told his colleagues:”Of the 200 light bulbs that didn’t work,every failure told me something I was able to incorporate into the next attempt.” Benjamin Franklin, the US statesman and statesman and scientist once said:”I haven’t failed.I have had 10,000 ideas that didn’t work.”Both these people understood that failures and false starts are the condition of success.In fact, a surprising number of everyday bojects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding.Post0-it-notes,packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions.In 2600 BC, a tired Egyptian slave invented bread when the dough rose during his sleep.And crisps were first cooked by a chief in the USA when a customer complained that his fried potatoes were not thin enough.In 1958 Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong adhesive when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead.His colleague,Art Fry,decided to use it six years later,in 1974,to hold his bookmarks in his books and the post-it note was invented.Successful businesspeople have often made big,expensive mistakes in their past.When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $600,000,Thomos Watson,the chairman,was asked if he would fire the man.”Of course not,”he replied.”I have just spent $600,000 training him.I am not going to let another company benefit from experience.”The important thing to remember is that you need to learn fromr your mistakes.If you don’t,then there is no sense in making them.”I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你怎么能指望在合作的过程中依靠一个言而无信的人？(expect)73.只有在自然灾害发生的时候，人们才会真正了解到大自然的威力。

2018届上海市嘉定一中第二学期高三英语学业水平检测(二)(word版)

2018届上海市嘉定一中第二学期高三英语学业水平检测（二）（word版）Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Technology offers conveniences such as opening the garage door from your car or changing the television station without touching the TV. Now one American company is offering its employees a new convenience: a microchip implanted in their hands. Employees who have these chips can do all kinds of things just by waving their hands.Three Square Market is offering to implant microchips in all of their employees ___21___ free. Each chip costs $300 and Three Square Market will pay for the chip. Employees can volunteer to have the chips implanted in their hands. About 50 out of 80 employees ___22___（choose）to do so. The president of the company, his wife and their children are also getting chips implanted in their hands. The chip is about the size of a grain of rice. Implanting the chip only takes about a second and is said to hurt only very briefly. The chips go under the skin between the thumb and forefinger.A microchip was shown compared with a dime, Aug. 1, 2017, at Three Square Market in River Falls, Wis., ___23___ the company held a“chip party”for employees who volunteered to have the microchip embedded in their hands.With a chip in the hand, a person can enter the office building, buy food, sign into computers and more, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. The chips also will be used to identify employees. Employees who want convenience, ___24___ do not want to have a microchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband or a ring with a chip instead. They can perform the same tasks with a wave of their hands ___25___ ______ they had an implanted chip.Three Square Market is the first company in the United States ___26___（offer）to implant chips in its employees. Epicenter, a company in Sweden, has been implanting chips in its employees for a while. Three Square Marketing says the chip cannot track the employee. The company says scanners can read the chips only ___27___ they are within a few inches of them.Three Square Market says that the chips protect against identity theft by being encrypted, similar to credit cards. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration ___28___（approve）the chips back in 2004, so they should be safe for humans, according to the company.In the future, people with the chips ___29___ be able to do more with them, even outside the office. Todd Westby is Chief Executive Officer of Three Square Market. He says, "Eventually, this technology will become standardized, ___30___（allow）you to use this as your passport, public transit, all purchasing opportunities, etc.”Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Notesee plenty of them with their heads down, tapping the screens of their tablets or ___31___ on their smart phones. While these folks may be making good use of their time by staying ___32___, their bodies are paying a heavy price for such convenience.new ___33___ problems. Florida chiropractor (脊椎按摩师) Dean Fishman began noticing an increased number of his patients ___34___ of neck and shoulder pain. He traced these ___35___ to the overuse of hand-held devices, specifically the action of bending the neck, and created the term “Text Neck.” As if the painful symptoms weren’t bad enough, Fishman warns that an untreated case of Text Neck could lead to ___36___ spinal (脊柱的) damage. He founded the Text Neck Institute in an effort to treat and educate those suffering from Text Neck. Treatments offered there include chiropractic care, physical therapy, massage therapy and exercise planning.In order to avoid or reduce the possibility of getting Text Neck, use the following basic principles:●Avoid awkward positioning. Don’t strain (滥用) your neck, and stay aware of how your body is ___37___ inrelation to the device.●Take frequent ___38___ when using any kind of mobile device.●When using a tablet, use a case that can back up the device at comfortable ___39___ angle.For those who ___40___ can’t take their eyes off their devices, there is an ironic twist–downloading a special app could help. Dr. Fishman has released an app called the Text Neck Indicator App, which measures the angle of your smart phone. When the angle is appropriate, a green light appears in the upper corner of your screen. But when the angle puts you at risk for neck strain, the light turns red, obliging you to adjust your angle.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection AIn any planning system, from the simplest budgeting to the most complex corporate planning, there is an annual process. This is partly due to the fact that firms ___41___ their accounting on a yearly basis, but also because similar ___42___ often occur in the market.Usually, the larger the firm, the longer the planning takes. But ___43___, planning for next year may start nine months or more in advance, with various stages of evaluation leading to ___44___ of the complete plan three months before the start of the year.Planning continues, however, throughout the year, since managers ___45___ progress against targets, while looking forward to the next year. What is happening now will ___46___ the objectives and plans for the future.In today's business climate, as markets constantly change and become more difficult to ___47___, some analysts believe that long-term planning is ___48___. In some markets they may be right, as long as companies can build the sort of flexibility into their operations which allows them to ___49___ to any sudden changes.Most firms, however, need to plan more than one year ahead in order to ___50___ their long-term goals. This may reflect the time it takes to commission and build a new production plant, or, in marketing ___51___, it may be a question of how long it takes to research and launch a range of new products, and reach a certain ___52___ in the market. If, for example, it is going to take five years for a particular airline to become the ___53___ choice amongst business travelers on certain routes, the airline must plan for the various ___54___ involved.Every one-year plan, therefore, must be ___55___ in relation to longer-term plans, and it should contain die stages that are necessary to achieve the final goals.41. A. make up B. carry out C. bring about D. put down42. A. patterns B. guides C. designs D. distributions43. A. surprisingly B. centrally C. equally D. typically44. A. approval B. permission C. admiration D. objection45. A. value B. confirm C. review D. survey46. A. restore B. promote C. influence D. maintain47. A. guess B. advocate C. recognize D. predict48. A. pointless B. meaningful C. realistic D. inevitable49. A. lead B. respond C. refer D. contribute51. A. expressions B. descriptions C. words D. terms52. A. reputation B. position C. situation D.direction53. A. reserved B. selected C. preferred D.supposed54. A. acts B. steps C. means D. points55. A. handed over B. left behind C. made out D. drawnupSection B（A）The Shepherd’s Life by James RebanksReviewed by HelenaNo lyrical, romantic account, but a hard-bitten, dull and down-to-earth story of a family, a community and an environment. A story of cycles---of seasons, years, people, generations, stretches back centuries.A story of farming which only exists now in the remoter, wilder region of the UK, where the land is too hard and the environment too harsh for farming to be an“agribusiness”. Where success, survival of farms, their sheep are dependent on knowledge passed down through generations and shared between farmers and shepherds in a small, close-knit and mutually-dependent community. A story of people hefted to their land every bit as much as their sheep are hefted to their fells.A Month in the Country by J.L. CarrReviewed by L.R. FisherIt is unbelievably simple and delightfully slow-paced, full of Lawrence-like descriptionof a vanished（消失的）country landscape. The focal points are a casual and peculiarfriendship between two war-scarred, shell-shocked men Tom Birkin and Moon. In a bookbarely 100 pages long, the author not only manages to give us a story that flows like astream, but also achieves impressive characterization, bitter feelings of war and a corresponding celebration of peace, a little suspense, and even a twist in the tail.A Walk in the Woods by Bill BrysonReviewed by T. BentlyHaving read all of Bill Bryson’s travel books, this was the last one left. I hadn’t readthis because I had been told it was one of his weakest one. But I decided, through noother reason that I needed a hit of Bryson, to read it. People couldn’t have been morewrong. From the very beginning of assessing the feasibility, arranging for Katz toaccompany him to the purchasing of his equipment and the purchasing of“a large knifefor killing bears and hillbillies”，Bryson is at his absolute best. His cute eye-is a wisewitness to this beautiful but fragile trail. His encounters along the trail and Katz anti-social, childish antics（滑稽动作）make the first 150 pages more than a laugh-out-loud-hike. I couldn’t have been more surprised. An adventure, a comedy, and a celebration, A Walk in the Woods is destined to become a modern classic.56. In The Shepherd’s Life, James Rebanks takes readers through a shepherds’ life ______.A. featuring a hard struggle in the remote and beautiful areaB. alternated by the seasons and changed by the generationsD. spent in a profitable agricultural and friendly community57. From the review of A Month in the Country we can learn that Tom and Moon ____.A. have lived in a slow-paced country throughout their lifeB. are war survivors with troubled memoriesC. were deafened by the explosion of a shell in the warD. will make the end of their story more fascinating to read58. By saying“People cou ldn’t have been more wrong”，the reviewer wants to say that _____.A. Bryson’s travel book is the best seller in travelling literatureB. Bryson’s travelling experience is laughableC. It’s a pity that people turn a blind eye to Bryson’s travelling experienceD. A Walk in the Wood combines artistic quality well with natural beauty（B）Malaria, the world’s most widespread parasitic（寄生虫引起的）disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don’t (or can’t) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn’t kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of a parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with lar ge populations. Some of the disease’s spread is due to global warming.For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.59. According to paragraph 1, many people don’t seek care because ________.A. they are too poorB. it is unusual to seek careC. they can remain unaffected for longD. there are too many people suffering from the disease60. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?A. Its resistance to global warming.B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.61. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A. no drugs have been found to treat the diseaseC. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasitesD. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease62. Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria?B. How many people are killed by malaria each year?C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria?D. What has been done to keep people unaffected for long?（C）Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere, we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.63. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may _____.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician64. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to ____.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given orders65. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to _____.A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’ affecting the world66. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. We should try our best to be wise thinkers.B. Data can make our life easier and more comfortable.C. But sometimes we may find that data aren’t everything.D. Now and then the so-called specific data puzzle us very much.E. The exact data should come from assessment of an actual event.F. There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data.As is known to all, many things can be measured in terms of data. Sometimes data can indeed tell the truth. With the help of data we can easily know the price of a can of Coke in the supermarket or the result of a football match. ___67___ What is more important, data seem to be fairer than words or statements. If the data are true, we don’ t have to worry about being cheated. Nowadays, as lies exist in the world, data are expected to tell the truth. Therefore, many of us would rather believe data.On the other hand, if we judge things only by data from the so-called specific research, aren’t we a little too narrow-minded? Many people often treat the so-called specific data unwisely just to make sure that they are making the right decisions. ___68___ For example，how can you tell that somebody isn’t a good student just because he or she doesn’t get high marks in the final examination?___69___ For example，the degree of your feeling happy in your life, the depth of love between you and your friends, and the faith you have in your country. We can only feel them in our hearts but can never express them in data.There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. Sometimes our hearts and mind are more sensitive than data. Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have. Data do not mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false. ___70___Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To many web-building spiders, most of whom are nearly blind, the web is their essential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey, meeting mates and protecting themselves. A web-building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock, totally out of touch and destined to starve to death.daily even if it is being starved. For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs. Then, as the animal gets scrawnier（憔悴的）, it constructs a wider-meshed web using fewer strands. Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider.The spider stores energy by recycling web protein. It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk. In studies with radioactivity, labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day web. Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid down.Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider's highly preprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（无脊椎动物）. If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed, the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web. One spider will finish building the incomplete web of another.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 人们相信好书如益友。

2018届上海市长宁区、嘉定区高三第二次质量调研(二模)英语试卷及答案精品

长宁区2015年高三英语教学质量抽测试卷第I卷（103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At the bus station. B. At the airport.C. At the post office.D. At the bank.2. A. Librarian and reader. B. Teacher and student.C. Boss and secretary.D. Shop-assistant and customer.3. A. It is quite interesting.B. It's time-consuming.C. It isn't worth seeing.D. It is very expensive.4. A. To complain about her heater. B. To go over for the heater.C. To get some electric power.D. To have her heater repaired.5. A. To postpone his schedule. B. To book in another hotel.C. To stay in the spare room.D. To reserve a room in advance.6. A. Accident victims. B. Rescue work.C. Plane crashes.D. Crash survivors.7. A. He has some trouble with his computer. B. He isn't getting along well with the staff.C. He hasn't registered for a proper course.D. Hecan't apply the theory to his program.8. A. She went out of the way to meet the man. B. She was pleased to talk with the man.C. She took the man where he wanted to go.D. She missedthe chance to help the man.9. A. Smith will keep the surprise party a secret.B. Lucy hasn't got any promise from Smith.C. They shouldn't have told Lucy about the party.D. There's no secret between Smith and Lucy.10. A. Volunteers have to connect the community.B. The man has no time to do voluntary work.C. Voluntary work requires devotion of time.D. Many people have signed up for voluntary work.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three question on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Nick lost the book Ivan borrowed from the library.B. The book Ivan borrowed from Nick was missing.C. Nick and Ivan had conflicts in Ms. Salmon's class.D. Ivan was asked to return the book before finishing it.12. A. She asked Nick and Ivan to solve the problem by themselves.B. She gave Nick and Ivan the solution to their problem immediately.C. She asked students in social studies class to help solve the problem.D. She persuaded Ivan to pay for the book that Nick lent to him.13. A. A good way to resolve conflicts is to turn to your best friends.B. Nick and Ivan were unsatisfied with the solution to their problem.C. Signing an agreement helped to solve Nick and Ivan's problem.D. Social studies class can equip students with skills to resolve conflicts.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. She wanted to have a garden similar to their neighbor's.B. Her husband would like to have a beautiful backyard.C. She was going to make the rented house her own home.D. The community required them to keep the backyard lovely.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)We had to climb right up the hill , which is very steep, and ,when close under it , it seemed to be high, but we soon reached the top . When we were there, we had lost sight of the lake; and now our road was over a wild land.____25_____(go) a little way, we saw before us , at the distance of about half a mile, a very large stone building, with a high wall round it , neither field nor tree near. The wild land was overgrown with grey grass that cattle might feed upon. We could not tell ___26_____ this building was. It appeared ___27____ _______ it had been built strong to defend from storms; but for what purpose? William called out to us that we should observe that place well, for it was exactly like one of the shelters of the Alps(阿尔卑斯山), ___28____(build) for the reception of travelers, and indeed I had thought it ____29_____ be so. This building, from its singular structure and appearance, made the place , which is itself in a country ____30_____ Scotland, remarkable. When we ___31____(pass) it and looked back, three pyramidal mountains on the opposite side of Lock Lomond endedthe view, ____32_____ in certain kind of weather might be very grand. Our highland companion had not got enough English to give us any information concerning this srange building . What we could only get from her was that it was a "large house", which was plain enough.(B)All plants need water to grow. Watering plants seems like a simple task but it actually requires many considerations. For example , plants growing in areas with low rainfall or areas ____33___(expose) to dry wind require more water. On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require ___34_____(frequent) watering . The watering of plants should not be viewed as a minor process in gardening ___35______ this task plays an extremely important role in ensuring healthy plant growth.Let's first take a closer look at plants growing in gardens. Since watering is a critical gardening task, ____36___ accessible water supply is vital. A garden tap witha hose of sufficient length to reach the furthest part of the garden ____37_____(prefer). This tends to make watering much easier and ensures adequate water is provided for the plants. Most inexperienced gardeners water little ____38____very frequently. This is undesirable as it encourages shallow root growth. In addition, watering in full sun causes leaves to lose water quickly from the surface of the soil. Therefore, some experts recommend ____39______(install) an automatic watering system.As for plants growing in pots or containers, they tend to lose water rapidly. One way to reduce such a risk is ____40_____(group) the plants close together to keep moisture. Try to move them to a shady place if you are away from home for a few days. Otherwise, you will return home to see your plants dead.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note thatthere is one word more than you need.in the gay effusions (流露) of their fancy, to whom every hour of labor is an hour of ____44____ and even a holidayis almost deprivation (丧失). Whether a man writes well orill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writingat all, he will appreciate the pleasures of composition.To sit at the table on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible ____45 plenty of nice white paper and a pen is true happiness. With the complete absorption of the mind upon a(n) ____46 occupation, what more is there than that to desire? What does it matter what happens outside? The House of Commons may do what it likes,and so may the House of Lords. The bottom may be____47 clean out of the American market. The heathen (异教徒) may show ___48 anger in every part of the globe. Never mind,for four hours, at any rate, we will ____49 ourselves from a common, ill-governed, and ____50____ world.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American economic analyst declared, "Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into habits, that we seek our __51___ satisfaction, our self-satisfaction in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced at an ever ___52___ rate." Americans have __53____ to the call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even deeply rooted in social ___54__. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies, Japan and the United States, show consumerist definitions of success becoming very popular.Over consumption by the fortunate in the world is anenvironmental problem ___55___ in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their increasing exploitation of resources __56___ to exhaust or unalterably spoils forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically (有讽刺意味的), high consumption may be a __57___ blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been ___58___ in the rush to riches.Thus, many people in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow. With the __59____ of a consumerist culture, they also think that they have been ___60__ attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.___61___, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no ___62___ to either environmental or human problems. It is much worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Peasants who have nothing left cut-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民) turn their animals out onto African grassland,reducing it to ___63____.If environmental ___64___ results when people have eithertoo little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? Whendoes having more ___65___ to add noticeably to human satisfaction?51. A. natural B. spiritual C. culturalD. actual52. A. promising B. promoting C. fallingD. increasing53. A. proved B. returned C. respondedD. persevered54. A. values B. moralities C. identitiesD. problems55. A. qualified B. unmatched C. comparedD. unprocessed56. A. happens B. manages C. startsD. threatens57. A. mixed B. detected C. countedD. terrified58. A. promoted B. sacrificed C. satisfiedD. relieved59. A. improving B. neglecting C. sponsoringD. misleading60. A. fruitlessly B. successfully C. occasionally D. eagerly61. A. As a result B. For instance C. Of courseD. From then on62. A. solution B. pollution C. consideration D. contribution63. A. attraction B. rubbish C. homelandD. desert64. A. construction B. destruction C. development D. improvement65. A. remain B. occur C. ceaseD. happenSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passageis followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loosel relationships with passing acquaintances(相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet citydwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity(多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditionalkinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.66. According to the paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society __________.A) tended to acqaint themselves with people passing byB) could not develop very close relationships wth othersC) bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relativesD) usually had more friends than small-town residents67. One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents__________ .A. suffer fron the lack of friendshipB. lower the quality of relationshipsC. show little concern for other peopleD. become suspicious of each other68.We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is,__________A) the more open-minded people are B. the moresimilar its interests isC) the more likely it it to display stress D) the better its quality of life is69. What is the passage mainly about?A. Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small townsB. Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and townsC The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society.D The strong feeling of alienation that city inhabitants are suffering.(B)TRAIN TRAVEL INFORMATIONWe offer several distinct options for you to choose theticket that suits you best.Only one discount may apply to each fare.CHANGES AND REFUNDSTickets may be refunded not later 5 minutes before the departure of the train for a charge of 15% of the ticket price, or the journey may be changed to another day for a charge of 10% of the ticket price. (Not applicable to same dayreturns.)CHANGES FOR SAME DAY TRAVELYou may change your ticket once without charge for a journey on the same day as the original ticket. INFORMATION OF INTEREST TO TRAVELLERSWhen you buy your ticket, it is up to you to check that the dates and time of the journey on it are exactly as you requested.Tickets control and access to each train platform will be open until 2 minutes before departure of the train.Each traveler may take one suitcase and one item of hand luggage. You may also check in 15kgs of luggage not later than 30 minutes before departure, at no extra charge.If you would like to charter a train, or make reservations for over 25 passengers traveling together, call the Sales Department.OUR TIMETABLE IS GUARANTEEDIf the arrival of your train at you destination is delayed by more than 5 minutes according to the timetable, we will refund the full price of your ticket if the delay is caused by our company.70.How much will a passenger pay if he wants to alter his ticket to three days later?A.25% of the original priceB.20% of the original priceC.15% of the original priceD.10% of the original price71.The limit of luggage for a single passenger is .A.One suitcase, one handbag and one 15kgs check-in luggageB.One handbag, two pieces of 15kgs check-in luggage.C.One handbag and two pieces of 15kgs check-in luggage.D.One suitcase, one handbag and one 30kgs check-in luggage.72.What does the Train Company guarantee?A.Students,children,senior citizens and groups can get 25% discount of the original price.B.Passengers get the full price of the tickets back if the train if delayed over five minutes.C.Same-day-returns can be fully refunded if they are canceled two minutes before departure.D.People with Globe-trotter tickets can take any kind of the discounts listed in the brochure.(C)How do predators (猎食动物) affect populations of the prey (猎物) animals? The answer is not as simple as might be thought. The Moose(麋鹿) reached Isle Royale in Lake Superior by crossing over winter ice and bred freely there in isolation without predators. When wolves later reached the island, naturalists widely assumed that the wolves would play a key role in controlling the moose population. Careful studies have demonstrated, however, that this is not the case. The wolves eat mostly old or diseased animals that would not survive long anyway. In general, the moose population is controlled by food availability, disease and other factors rather than by wolves.When experimental populations are set up under simple laboratory conditions, the predator often wipes out its prey and then becomes extinct itself. However, if safe areas likethose prey animals have in the wild are provided, the prey population drops to low level but not extinction. Low prey population levels then provide inadequate food for the predators, causing the predator population to decrease. When this occurs, the prey population can rebound. In this situation the predator and prey population may continue in this cyclical pattern for some time.Population cycles are characteristic of small mammals, and they sometimes appear to be brought about by predators. Ecologists studying hare populations have found that the North American snowshoe hare follows a roughly ten-year cycle. Its numbers fall tenfold to thirty in a typical cycle, and a hundredfold change can occur. Two factors appear to be generating the cycle: food plants and predators.The preferred foods of snowshoe hares are tender willow branches. As the hare population increases, the quantity of these branches decreases, forcing the hares to feed on low-quality high-fiber food. Lower birth rates and low growth rates follow, so there is a corresponding decline in hare abundance. Once the hare population has declined, it takes two to three year for the quantity of branches torecover.A key predator of the snowshoe hare is the Canada lynx. The Canada lynx shows a ten-year cycle of abundance(大量) that parallels the abundance cycle of hares. As hare numbers fall, so do lynx numbers, as their food supply decreased.Predators are an essential factor in maintaining communities that are rich and diverse in species. Without predators, the species that is the best competitor for food, shelter, and other environmental resources tends to dominate and exclude the species with which it competes. This phenomenon is known as “competitor exclusion”. However, if the community contains a predator of the strongest competitor species, then the population of that competitor is controlled. Thus even the less competitive species are able to survive. From the stand point of diversity(多样性), it is usually a mistake to eliminate a major predator from a community.73.The author uses the example of the moose and wolves on Isle Royale to _________________.A. provide evidence that predators influence preypopulationsB. question the belief in the effect of predators on prey populationsC. demonstrate predator population grows faster than that of the preyD. prove that studies of isolated populations tend to be useful74.The word “rebound”in the passage is closest in meaning to _____________.A. ReactB. ResistC. RemainD. Recover75.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Laboratory results can’t explain the changes in predator and prey populations of the wild.B. The growth of hare population may lead to a corresponding increase in its birth rates.C. The experimental environments can promote the growth of predator and prey populations.D. The existence of a major predator in a community is a threat to the diversity of species.76.What can we conclude from the passage about the cycle of the Canada lynx?A. When hare numbers decrease, lynx numbers increase.B. It has a great effect on the number of snowshoe hare.C. It closely follows the cycle of the snowshoe hare.D. It is not directly related to the availability of lynx food.77.What is the best title of this passage?A. What role predators play in keeping competitor species.B. Whether predators have an impact on prey populations.C. A study of the populations of the predator and prey animals.D. Contributing factors of the changes in animal populations.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer thequestions or complete the statements in the fewest possiblewords.The herds of bulls and horses depicted running along the walls of the Lascaux caves in France are among the mostmagnificent examples of prehistoric art ever discovered.Courage is a quality we cherish. Yet only lately has it been studied systematically to try to define what it is and is not, where it comes from and why we love it so much. "Courage helps to define the excellent person," write George Kateb, a political theorist at Princeton University. "One of the worst criticism in the world is to be called a coward, a quite timid person."For many people, courage is most readily displayed in battle; for example, the brave soldier running into the line of fire to rescue the injured.Yet George Kateb says that if courage finds its highest expression in war, then the trait (特性) becomes immoral, ennobling killing by insisting that only in battle can people discover the depths of their nobility. Thus, it makes killing a noble thing.Stanley J Rachman of the University of British Columbia studies paratroopers (伞兵) preparing for their first jump. The work revealed three different groups: the fearless who jumped without hesitation; the timid whose fear kept them from jumping; and finally, the ones who reacted physiologically like the timid but acted like the fearless leaper, and jumped.Rachman considered the final group courageous, defining courage as "a behavioral approach in spite of the experience of fear". Thus, courage becomes the property of anyone who does something that he or she fears.In interviewing 320 children aged from 8 to 13, Peter Muris of Erasmus University, Rotterdam, of the Netherlands and his colleagues found that children also consider courage as the conquering of one's fears; and more than 70% claimed they had performed brave acts, including stealing money from one's mother's purse.Joel Berger, a biologist with the Wildlife Conservation Society in Montana, US, also distinguishes between animals that behave bravely due to a lack of awareness and experience, and those that are aware of a danger but proceed anyway.He recalled the time he and his colleagues had cornered a young bison (野牛) to take blood samples. At that time, an adult male bison was standing guard, refusing to let the scientists approach. "He knew that he could be attacked by us," said Berger. "I'd call this a courageous, even heroic act."78.What does George Kateb think of courage?79.Why did Rachman think that the third group were courageous?80.Peter Muris found that most children demonstrated their courage _________________________________________ .81.The writer uses the example of an adult bison to . (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS)II卷（共47分）I．Translation(22分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 人们越来越依赖互联网。

上海市静安区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题(WORD版)

静安区高三年级英语期中（二模）测试卷（2018.5）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By the seaside. B. In a restaurant.C. In a supermarket.D. At home.2. A. Driving the private car costs little.B. Taking subway requires a special pass.C. It’s more convenient to carry canned fish by private cars.D. It’s uncomfortable to take the subway.3. A. A phone company clerk. B. A mechanic.C. A travel agent.D. A marriage consultant.4. A. The woman should go out to work.B. The woman should take charge of the cleaning herself.C. Maids are not very trustworthy these days.D. He contributes a lot to the family economy.5. A. He is not clever enough for the math club.B. He doesn’t have enough enthusiasm to explore math.C. He lacks former experiences in math study.D. He will be sooner or later admitted into the math club.6. A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D.7.7. A. The woman was mistaken about where she lost her ipad.B. The woman’s ipad might be kept well in the library.C. There’s a very slight chance of finding back her ipad.D. Her ipad is for public use so she might as well buy a new one.8. A. As a science fiction fan, she has already seen the film.B. She will go to deal with a dental problem then.C. She will go for a business appointment then.D. She is not very happy to go to see a film with the man.9. A. Her personal feeling quite contrasts with the research finding.B. Reading books is teenagers’ favourite activity.C. All the researches are offering misleading information.D. Mobile phones have taken none of teenagers’ leisure time.10. A. Previous customers have bought up the ovens on sale.B. Many other goods on sale are still available.C. The man can buy the oven through other channels.D. The oven is now sold at regular price.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passagesand the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To take advantage of cheap sugar cane.B. To reduce carbon dioxide emission.C. To add a selling point for its cola.D. To attract more young customers.12. A. To exchange food recipe(配方) with these companies.B. To share customer information with these companies.C. To get investments from these companies.D. To relieve these co mpany’s dependence on petroleum.13. A. Coca-Cola’s new ways to cut costs.B. Coca-Cola’s transfer to recyclable plant plastics.C. Coca-Cola’s successful partnerships with other business giants.D. Coca-Cola’s efforts to pay more attention to cus tomers’ needs.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It provides jet bursts to strongly clean the body.B. It installs noise-masking effect equipment.C. It has a private doctor stand by the toilet.D. It collects one’s physical data when the toilet is used.15. A. The toilet will be more economical on water.B. User’s doctor can instantly get the data.C. A device inside the basin will be installed.D. Treatment suggestions will be delivered to the doctor.16. A. Because young people are not keen on innovations.B. Because young people are suspicious of the toilet’s function.C. Because the retail price is high for the young.D. Because young people don’t know much about the product.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because it’s an experienced car rental agency.B. Because it provides big discount on the rent.C. Because it’s convenient to collect the car after arrival.D. Because it offers commute cars and cars for long trip.18. A. Unreliable technology.B. Short battery life.C. Potential radiation from electricity.D. Lack of charging points.19. A. €370. B. €400. C. €530. D. €560.20. A. Car rental service fee.B. Insurance fee.C. Gas fee.D. Traffic fine.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.Uh-oh, the new year's just begun and already you're finding it hard to keep those resolutions to junk the junk food, get off the couch or kick smoking. There's a biological reason why a lot of our bad habits are so hard to break – they get（21）______(wire) into our brains."Why are bad habits stronger? You're fighting against the power of an immediate reward," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority on the brain's pleasure pathway."We all as creatures are behaving that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward as opposed to (22)______ is delayed," Volkow says.How this bit of happiness turns into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemicalnamed dopamine. It causes the brain (23)______(pursue) that reward again and again strengthening the connection each time – especially when it gets the right hint from your environment.People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations around them, thus (24)______(destroy) attempts to give up bad habits. Even scientists who recognize it (25)______ show weakness. "I know popcorns are not healthy. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it," Volkow says，"It's fascinating."A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as some companies offer employees outright payments or insurance reduction for adopting better habits.(26)______well paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are still some steps that may help fight your brain's hold (27)______ newly-established habits:Repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior – the same routine at the same time of day. You decide to exercise. Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in casually, (28)______ (make) the striatum(终脑皮层)recognize the habit.Therefore, if you don’t keep doing it, you will feel frustrated.Exercise itself raises dopamine levels, so eventually your brain will get a feel-good hit (29)______ ______ your muscles protest.Besides, try to reward yourself with (30)______ that you really desire. For instance, if you exercise all week or stick to your diet, you could try a fancy restaurant- safer perhaps than a box of cookies because the price inhibits the quantity.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each wordcan only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. necessaryB. infectC. extremesD. refreshedE. spellsF. impactG. accompaniedH. sufficientI. shrinkJ. silencedK. earnedAs the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(干旱), and more intense rainfalls linked to global warming continue toupset our daily weather, we often forget they also ___31___ the quantity, quality, and growing locations of our food. Many foods have already ___32___ top spots on theworld's "endangered foods" list, indicating their possibility to become scarce within the next 30 years.To start with what is ___33___ in many people’s lives, we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and erratic(不稳定的) rainfall patterns, which invite disease and invasive species to ___34___ the coffee plant and beans. The result?Significant cuts in coffee output.And Coffee's culinary cousin, cacao (aka chocolate), is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually prefer warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and ___35___ rain. However, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producingcountries are not expected to be___36___by an increase in rainfall. Therefore ashigher temperatures take more moisture from soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to make up for this loss.A notably nutritious plant, the peanut grows best when it gets five months ofcontinuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything less and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree that the climate of the future will be one of the ___37___, including droughts and heatwaves.The world has already caught a glimpse of the peanut's future fate when last yeara serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S. led many plants to die.According to a financial report, the dry ___38___ caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the___39___in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage vicious marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans.And that satisfying "crack" you get when eating crab(蟹) could be ___40___ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Don’t get sick in July!”This is a common concern in teaching hospitals in the U.S. It’s driven by the academic calendar: July is when the new interns, fresh out of medical school, start work. In other words, it’s when everyone is most ___41___. The theory is that this disadvantage leads to mistakes.So is medical experience good or bad? Well, in most cases, your doctor’s experience is very helpful, allowing her to pick up on a(n) ___42___ symptom earlyin a disease process, when machines still can’t take a hand. She can also determinethe right treatment when your condition falls outside of what is in the ___43___,where newbies get most of their ideas. For many medical tre atments, there’s a direct connection between physician experience and your treating outcome.In a variety of situations, though, experience can backfire. The reason is simple___44___. Doctors are humans too and they ___45___ tricks of the mind—like believing that an ineffective treatment really works. In fact, entire fields of research are devoted to understanding why these errors of thought occur. They ___46___from so-called cognitive prejudice that can mislead even ___47___ practitionersinto making the wrong decisions.Doctors are usually locked onto a diagnosis early and disregard new and___48___ information. For example, a patient may be diagnosed with a quicklyfatal cancer, but then ends up trying various herbal remedies and lives for 30 more years. Instead of analyzing the ___49___ diagnosis, the patient, and maybe even the doctor, may assume that the herbal remedies cured the cancer.Also, some experienced doctors tend to believe evidence when it supports their previous opinion while subconsciousl y ignoring information opposing it. Let’s say your doctor is pretty certain you have ill digestion and orders a test to___50___ the suspicion, which produces negative result. But she treats you for ill digestionanyway because she was ___51___ with the prior diagnosis by experience.In fact, there are clearly many benefits to having a highly experienced doctor, such as technical proficiency. But there may actually be some unexpected benefits to having a less-experienced one too. She may have a more up-to-date education, boundless energy and perhaps is less vulnerable to biases, freed from the same___52___ for years.To safeguard yourself as a patient, one thing you should always do is ___53___. It may not always be possible to determine that your doctor has met with an unconscious thinking ___54___. But asking questions does force your doctor tothink twice and ___55___ her decision about your case.41. A. innocent B. productive C. inexperienced D. prohibited42. A. slight B. objective C. complex D. sustainable43. A. media B. tradition C. reality D. textbook44. A. psychology B. education C. procedure D. priority45. A. take advantage of B. make sense ofC. fall victim toD. play fire with46. A. spring B. depart C. benefit D. distinguish47. A. highly-motivated B. well-seasonedC. deeply-offendedD. wide-eyed48. A. moderate B. visible C. conflicting D. permanent49. A. initial B. tough C. multiple D. private50. A. evaluate B. operate C. confirm D. revise51. A. preoccupied B. labelled C. associated D. concerned52. A. professional circle B. thinking patternC. academic backgroundD. operating order53. A. investigating B. questioning C. monitoring D. observing54. A. obstacle B. trap C. horizon D. struggle55. A. practice B. accommodate C. justify D. removeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations(震动) as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor’s eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other staying close to the side of thereef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushmoomed up around us. Could it be a giant turtle(海龟) racing past us? They are normally slowmovers so this was very weird behavior. The vibration became so intense that Icould feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly,a few meters below us, breaks began fo rming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other’s eyes. I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的) for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing tools and shouting, ”What was that?”Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnesseda huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.(B)Amazon is presenting to you our weekly bestsellers in the fiction section.Twilight WhispersLinked for years through friendship and intermarriage, the Warren and Whyte families find their charmed world marred when Mark Whyte and his wife Deborah Warren are murdered. Police detectives, hearing about dissension of the families, set out to examine the mystique behind their superficial rapport.Katia Mor ell, daughter of the Whyte’s housekeeper, is drawn back to her growingplace and is forced to face her life-long love for Jordan Whyte. As many secrets are uncovered, especially about Katia’s biological father, the two young people from rival families are encountering fierce family objection in their search for happiness.10The New ColossusNellie Bly, blessed with courage and reportage skill, lands two front-page stories on the widely-read newspaper, Joseph Pulitzer’s NEW YORK WORLD.Pulitzer is so impressed that he assigns her to a murder case confusing the police—the death of Emma Lazaru. Her investigation leads to tense encounters with somepowerful and ruthless men of the time, when evils run wild on unregulated upper class. Bly has one real ally: a doctor who uses scientific techniques to establish criminal behavior. As the pieces fall into place, Bly uncovers layers of corruption(腐败).The essential connection between the murder case and the prevalent greed and darkness of the then society finally emerges.The Last Days of NightA young lawyer named Paul Cravath, takes a case that seems impossible to win. Paul’s client, George Westinghouse, has been sued by Thomas Edison over abillion-dollar question: Who invented the light bulb and holds the right to power the country?The case affords Paul entry to the heady world of high society—the glittering parties and the dark dealings behind closed doors. The task is beyond daunting. Edison is a dangerous opponent with vast resources at his disposal—private spies, newspapers.Yet this unknown lawyer shares with his famous opponent a compulsion to win at all costs.In obsessive pursuit of victory, Paul receives favors from Nikola Tesla, a brilliant inventor holding the key to defeating Edison.Bones Don't LiePrivate investigator Lance Kruger was just a boy when his father vanished twenty-three years ago. Since then he’s lived under the weight of that disappearance for over 20 years—until his father’s car is finally dragged out from Grey Lake. It should be a time for closure, except for the skeleton found in the trunk. A missing person case gone cold has become a murder.For Lance, the investigation yields troubling questions about a man he thought he knew. But memories can play dirty tricks. For his partner attorney Morgan, uncovering each new lie comes with a disquieting fear that someone is out there watching, killing every witness tied to this decades-old crime.60. In which way is The Last Days of Night different from the other three novels?A. In that The Last Days of Night exposes the evil and the dark dealings of the upper class life then.B. In that nobody is killed illegally in The Last Days of Night.C. In that the leading character in The Last Days of Night has got help from other characters.D. In that the leading character is born into a rich upper class family.61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. In Twilight Whispers, the biggest challenge for Katia and Jordan is the long separation of time and space between them.B. In The New Colossus, the cause of the murder is rooted in the then corrupted society.C. In The Last Days of Night, Paul finally wins the law case because of his client Westinghouse’s vast resources at disposal.D. In Bones don’t l ie, Lance Kruger’s father was confirmed by the police as the murdered when Lance was a boy.62. The underlined word dissention is closest in meaning to ______.A. financial worseningC. the loss of powerB. silenceD. conflict(C)If what we did were simply work to live, the reality of our everyday existence would be equivalent to that of stone age man. All of human achievement that makes modern life possible has happened because of the time that has been freed up from the work of everyday survival.For most of the human species on earth man and woman have been occupiedwith the simple business of staying alive in as much relative comfort as possible. Hunting and gathering, finding or building shelter, defending the little that one has from plunder(抢夺), surviving long enough to have offsprings of a mature enough ageto contribute to the welfare of the group—this was initially the main business of living. It has only been comparatively recently, since the agricultural and industrial revolutions that used emerging technologies to free human beings from the drudgery of day-to-day survival, that time has become available to do other than simply survive.However, living to work is a luxury that we should not take for granted, for even now still most of th e human race couldn’t be blessed with the pearl.When we live to work we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we wouldn’t be doing it. The term “live to work” implies choice. Working to live denotes theexact opposite: anything will do that pays the bills. Anyone in the latter situationwill attest to the undesirability of being in such a position. Living to work suggests exhilaration in one’s calling; it summons images of freedom and excitement in the prospect of what each new day will bring, whereas working to live suggests little choice if any. “What do you want to do when you grow up?” is a question withwhich most children will be familiar, perhaps even bored. It is a question of what even a young adult can often not be sure of until they have had experiences of many different jobs, or at least the ones they thought to try. But to be forced to work at a task that one does not enjoy day after day for survival would be last choice on anyone’s list. Enlightened humanity, while acknowledging that some undesira blejobs must be done regardless, would acknowledge that if one was motivated in his work, the work would be so much better accomplished.63. The underlined word drudgery is closest in meaning to ______.A. imaginationB. hard laborC. draggingD. familiarity64. It is implied in the text that human beings ______.A. have been satisfied by contributing to the welfare of the group.B. stayed alive in much possible comfort for centuriesC. made little progress before the emergence of technologiesD. were addicted to hunting, gathering and building shelters.65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Human achievements facilitating modern life are done during the leisure time freed from survival work.B. The major early business of humans is to seek chances for technological developments.C. In modern society, most people have enough comforts to make individual choices for work.D. Most adults can answer confidently questions concerning what jobs they want to do.66. The best title for the passage would be ______.A. Technology, a driving force to push humans aheadB. Working to live, a basic condition for pleasant living to workC. Different desires and prospects people have for different kinds of work.D. Working to live or living to work, a choice distinguishing joy from suffering Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentencegiven in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The appropriate feeding and caring styles were greatly rewarded in all aspects.B. It was claimed that simply feeding and changing them would be adequate.C. Some, however, demonstrate little influence with roughly ordinary behavior pattern.D. Maternal attachment plays a fundamental role in shaping who we are.E. Necessities are not just the availability of food and water.F. And they simply didn’t grow like normal infants.Most people don’t need science to appreciate the importance of a mother’s love.But to understand how early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychologicaland physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent.___67___ In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed fromtheir mothers were found to be clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate(替代的) motherfor comfort.Such experimentations sound cruel. They, however, have been critical inhelping change policies in human orphanages( 孤儿院) in the U.S. For centuriessome orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had “parents” specially devoted to them at the orphanage. ___68___ Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adoptive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to lightin Romania in the 1980s and ‘90s. A ban on abortion（流产) led to a surge in orphanage babies. Simply being fed and changed without individualized affection,some babies present serious problems. Many developed violent behaviors,repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate. ___69___ Their head sizes were especially small.They even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has destructive consequences for both physical and mental health later in life, with long-lasting effects. The persistence of these effects emphasizes the need to intervene early inlife. The Nobel-prize-winning economist James Heckman, has long argued that investing in early childhood education provides a greater return for society thanvirtually any other type of spending. It is obviously reflected in increasededucational success and productivity,. The reduced crime, addiction, distress and disorder point to the same theory. Early life conditions critically affect adult life.___70___ Remove it and the harm is great.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the mainpoint(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as。

2018年上海市浦东新区高考二模英语(含听力)试题(解析版)

上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语试题I. Listening ComprehensionSection A —10分Directions: In Section A. you will hear fen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Challenges.B. Hobbies.C. Jobs.D. Experiences.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: The set of stamps are rare. It took me a long time to collect them. By the way, do you like collecting stamps?W: Yes, but I prefer something challenging.Q: What are the two speakers talking about?2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Interesting.B. Boring.C. Difficult.D. Amazing.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: How do you find your Shanghai dialect learning, Mike?M: Oh, it’s quite beyond my capacity.Q: What does the man think of learning Shanghai dialect?3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Watching TV and videos.B. Replacing videos with TV.C. Parents’ involvement.D. Having baby sitters.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Sometimes when I’m busy, I let my baby watch videos. Can t his help his mental development? M: Passive activity probably won’t hurt, but TV and videos are poor substitutes for parents’ involvement. Q: What is good for babies’ mental growth according to the man?4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. A policeman.B. An accountant.C. A salesman.D. A bank teller.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M: I need your ID and account number before I can cash your check.W: Sure, here’s my passport and driving license and my account number is on this card.Q: What’s the man’s occupation?5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. 7:40.B. 7:15.C. 7:20.D. 7:45.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Take it easy. It’s only 7:30 now. There are still 15 minutes to go before the movie starts. W: Don’t you remember our clock is 10 minutes slow?Q: What’s the time now?6.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He will get someone to do it.B. She should do it herself.C. They don’t have to do it.D. He will clean the desk right away.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Hey, honey, can you grab a duster and get this desk cleaned?M: Oh, don’t bother. We are leaving in a minute.Q: What does the man mean?7.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. By bus.B. By subway.C. By taxi.D. By car.【解析】【原文】W: An exhibition of Picasso’s paintings is being held. Do you want to go with me?M: How can I miss it! But with the bus drivers on strike and taxis so expensive, we have no choice but to take the subway. If only we had a car.Q: How will they go to the exhibition?8.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He is not a good mechanic.B. He doesn’t keep his word.C. He spends his spare time doing repairs.D. He is always ready to offer help to others.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Tom said he would come to repair our solar heater when he had time.M: He often says he is willing to help, but he never seems to have time.Q: What does the man imply about Tom?9.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. She has been having a sad day.B. She needs to take a day off.C. She wants to play basketball, too.D. She has been annoyed by the noise.【解析】【原文】M: Why haven’t you done your homework yet? It’s been a whole day.W: Oh, Daddy! How can I concentrate with that noise? The boys have been playing basketball all day long, just outside my window.Q: What does the girl mean?10.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. The man isn’t sure about the rehearsal.B. It’s better for the woman to wear a costume.C. The woman would regret it if she wore a costume.D. It wouldn’t make any difference if the woman did it.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Would it be OK if I wore a costume for the rehearsal tomorrow?M: Oh you would regret it if you didn’t.Q: What can we learn from the dialogue?Section B—15 分Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear q question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】11.A. He qualified as a teacher.B. He became a student.C. He became a government researcher.D. He conducted a research on Zimbabwe.12.A. Children’s minds are not used to the full.B. It is a great drain on children’s time and energy.C. It highlights the flexibility of children’s minds.D. It prevents children from seeking answers by themselves.13.A. To teach people to understand the worldB. To instruct people how to raise good questions.C. To encourage people to study as they get older.D. To inform people of problems in foreign countries.【答案】11. B 12. C 13. B【解析】【原文】“You are never too old to learn.” is what my father always told me, and he proved it. At the age of 55, he quit working to become a full-time student at our local university, studying government and political science. I understand now why he did it. Education is kind of wasted on the young. Sure, we teach children because young minds are flexible and open, but making them memorize hundreds of facts is a poor substitution for learning. I think the greatest service we can do is to teach children to ask questions and guide them in seeking the answers for themselves. “What’s the capital of Zimbabwe?” is a much less important question than, “What problems do people have in Zimbabwe?” If people were taught to ask the right q uestionsfrom a young age, the world wouldn’t be as hard to understand when they’re older. I think that’s the way my father saw it.QuestionsWhat did his father do later in his life?Which of the following statement is wrong about memorizing facts?What’s his father’s opinion on the main purpose of education? .Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】14.A. To serve as a time killer.B. To cultivate people’s reading killsC. To promote the sales of some books.D. To encourage people to take public transportation15A. The stories are the short edition of some website articles.B. Users can choose the length and type of the stories.C. The stories are obtained by simply pressing a button.D. Users don’t need to pay for the short stories.16.A. From the boring travel experience.B. From the love for short stories.C. From the positive feedbackD. From the snack vending machine.【答案】14. A 15. B 16. D【解析】【原文】Readers in Grenoble, a French city, can now enjoy a small bite of fiction instead of the snacks from the vending machine after the introduction of eight short-story dispensers.The free stories are available at the touch of a button, printing out on rolls of paper like a receipt. Readers are able to choose one minute, three minutes or five minutes of fiction. Just two weeks since launch, more than 10,000 stories have already been printed.The feedback is overwhelmingly positive. There are only eight dispensers in the city of Grenoble for now, but more are planned to be introduced. Requests are from all over the world—Australia, the US, Canada, Russia, Greece, Italy and Chile.Pleplé, the French publisher, hopes the stories will be used to fill the “dead time” of a regular journey to and from the place of one’s work. In the bus or the metro, everyone can make the most of these moments to read short stories, poems or short comics.The stories are drawn from the more than 60,000 stories on Short édition’s community website. Users are not able to choose what type of story—romantic, fantastical or comic—they would like to read.Pleplé said he and his team initially came up with the idea when having a break at the snack vending machine. They thought it would be cool to have it for short stories. Then, a couple of days later, the short-story dispenser was born.Questions:What is the purpose of the story dispenser?Which of the following is not true about the stories?Where does Pleplé’s inspiration come from?Questions are based on the following passage.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】17. A. 5. B. 7. C. 8. D. 10.18.A. Because his friends don’t get off work till 5 p.m.B. Because there will be more friends to go to the cinema on Friday.C. Because the film will be more popular than the Wednesday’s.D. Because there are not enough tickets left for the 9 p.m. showing.19.A. Paying a deposit.B. E-ordering in advance.C. Paying right away.D. Collecting tickets one day ahead.20. A. The film. B. The date C. The seating. D. The viewers.【答案】17. A 18. D 19. C 20. A【解析】【原文】W: Welcome to Wanda International Cinema. Can I help you?M: Umm… I want to know when “Operation Red Sea” is showing today.W: There are 6 showings today, one in the morning, another at noon, and then 3 p.m., 6 p.m., 9 p. m., and a midnight showing.M: OK, I want 5 tickets for the 9 p.m. showing tonight. Are there still 5 tickets available that are seated together?W: I’m sorry, there are only 3 tickets left. How about the 6 p.m. showing? There are still 7 tickets left for that show.M: But we have a date for dinner at 5 p.m., so we won't make the beginning of the movie.W: So would you like to see another movie? “Detective China Town 2” is very popular, too.M: No, we all want to see this one. Is there any way that we could buy tickets now for Friday’s screens?W: You can order ti ckets right now for the next three days. It’s Wednesday today. So, that’s OK. What time would you like?M: The 9 p.m. showing. I think there might be more people who want to see the movie on Friday. How many tickets can I buy at one time?W: The limit for advanced tickets is 10.M: OK, I'll have 8 tickets for the showing of “Operation Red Sea”. Are the tickets available?W: Yes, you’re lucky.M: By the way, when can I pick up the tickets?W: You can have them right now if you pay for them.M: Great! Thanks!Questions:How many tickets does the man want to buy for the 9 p.m. showing on Wednesday?Why does the man decide to buy the Friday's tickets?What will the man probably do to ensure 8 tickets for Friday?What does the man insists on?II. Grammar and vocabularySection A—10分Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma ___21___ (spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt ___22___ the puma began in a small village where a woman ___23___ (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts conf irmed that a puma will not attack a human being ___24___ it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at ___25___ place twenty miles away in the evening.___26___ it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a ___27___ (fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, ___28___ where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one ___29___ have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, butthe puma was not caught. It is disturbing ___30___ (think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.【答案】21. had been spotted22. for 23. picking24. unless 25. another26. Wherever27. fishing28. but 29. must30. to think【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了有人发现一只野生美洲狮出现在伦敦以南40英里处的一个村子里，专家们已经展开调查，这引发了人们的不安。

(定稿)嘉定二模试卷

2018学年度嘉定区高三年级第二次质量调研英语试卷（满分140分考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At a hotel. B. At a travel agency.C. At an airport.D. At a police station.2. A. Customer and travel agent. B. Guide and tourist.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Trainer and trainee.3. A. Travel agency. B. Tour news.C. A job opportunity.D. Sales strategies.4. A. Join the club himself. B. Persuade the member not to quit.C. Attend the next club meeting.D. Look for someone to fill the position.5. A. Sending an e-mail. B. Talking on the phone.C. Working in an office.D. Doing spelling practice.6. A. Heis sorry for the woman’s absence.B. He isworried about their trip expense.C. He suggests the woman bring her daughter.D. He suggests the woman visit the university.7. A. The man can change his room later. B. She has no spare room for a change.C. The hotel’s business is now very good.D. She’s busy with her business right now.8. A. She’s flying to Hong Kong. B. She’s going to say goodbye to Bill.C. Sh e’s going to buy an airplane ticket.D. She’s leaving for Hong Kong with Bill.9. A. Young sters don’t really know what fashion is.B. People should care more about their appearance.C. It’s not sensible to go after brand-name clothing.D. Styles change more quickly than necessary nowadays.10. A. The woman dreams of becoming a critic someday.B. The woman is confident in the sales of her paintings.C. The man doubts that the woman’s paintings will sell well.D. The man is concerned about critics’ comments on the show.Section B（15分）Directions:In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They use types of fuel that are not allowed on land.B. It takes more energy to move through water than over land.C. Their engines are not as powerful as those of other vehicles.D. They carry large numbers of passengers and vehicles as well.12. A. They are sometimes rude to other tourists.B. They don’t have meals in local restaurants.C. They fill up the restaurants and make noise.D. They complain when the city is too crowded.13. A. A new way of travelling. B. Reasons to ban cruise ships.C. Measures against pollution.D. Problems caused by cruise ships.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To use an app to order meals. B. To know how to use a GPS signal.C. To communicate with the robot properly.D. To pay extra money for the delivery.15. A. It can move on its two feet at a very fast speed.B. It can identify the customers through its cameras.C. 3G technology e nables it to find the customers’ houses.D. It was built bya European online take-away food company.16. A. The relationship between human and robot. B. The creative ways to use a robot.C. The world’s newest invention and technology.D. A self-driving food-delivery robot.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The approach to getting good scores. B. The effectiveness of cramming.C. The impact of a good night’s sleep on a test.D. The better way to prepare for a test.18. A. Join the woman in her study. B. Memorize everything on his notes.C. Entertain himself and have fun.D. Skip lunch and hurry to the cinema.19.A. Organize a study group and quiz herself.B. Get involved in the revision without rest.C. Review the materials earnestly as scheduled.D. Focus on the chapters assigned by the teacher.20. A. Hardworking and focused. B. Energetic but easily distracted.C. Score-oriented and efficient.D. Ambitious but readily discouraged.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （10分）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Eat healthier without quitting sugarNot long ago, fat was regarded as the evil for a healthy diet. Before that it was salt. Now the sugar-free diet (21) _________ (explode) onto the health scene —and seems to have topped many people’s list of New Year’s resolutions.Sugar-free diets encourage people to avoid sweeteners such as honey, soft drinks and some fruits. Some also recommend (22) _________ (restrict) dairy products. The diet’s advocates note that excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk of heart disease and some cancers. So many sugar-free followers avoid milk, yoghurt and cheese (23) ______ ______ the assumption that these products contain sugars.It’s true we are swallowing too much of the sweet stuff, with the average American consuming around 20 teaspoons of (24) _________ (add) sug ar a day. But you don’t need (25) _________ (quit)sugar for healthy eating. Quitting sugar is unlikely to improve your health any more than cutting down on over-processed foods and eating more vegetables.Research shows dieting is not effective over the long term and can lead to greater weight gain over time. The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger, (26) _________ causes the storage of fat. Besides, the sugar-free diet is confusing and imposes a set of rules that (27) _________ (make) up without scientific evidence. Such a restrictive diet can create food fear or an unhealthy relationship with food. People who worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be (28) _________they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients have on their health.Through series of experiments, (29) _________ the researchers are certain about is that you can eat plenty of plants, enjoy whole grains and beans. Fruit is your friend, not your enemy. Most people could probably eat a little less sugar, a little (30) _________ (often),but you don’t have to quit it for good to be healthy.Section B（10分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. picturingB. separatedC. varyD. celebrationE. complicatedF. vastG. roughly H. mythical I. delicately J. stress K. distinguishingThe United Nations’ series of “language days” are designed to promote the use of the six official languages of the UN as well as to celebrate cultural and linguisticdiversity(语言多样性). Chinese Language Day is the 20th April. It’s a time chosen to fit in with the Chinese31 of Guyu (古语), which honoursCangjie—the four-eyed 32 figure who is traditionally understood to have created Chinese characters in the time of the Yellow Emperor, 5000 years ago.Mandarin (普通话) is the most-spoken language in the world, with over 1.5 billion speakers. When most people think of “Chinese”, it is Mandarin that they are 33 . But Mandarin Chinese is far from the only variant of the Chinese language—or the only language spoken in China. In fact, there are a great number of Chinese languages. Remember—this is a country which is both very large and very, very old. Different regions are within the 34 expanse of territory, that is, China can be 35 not only by great distances but also by broadly geographical features such as mountain ranges.It is hard to guess how many dialects actually exist. In general, dialects can be 36 classified into one of the seven large groups: Putonghua (Mandarin), Gan, Kejia (Hakka), Min, Wu, Xiang, and Yue (Cantonese). Each language group contains a large number of dialects.Understanding the situation is 37 by the fact that, while many Chinese people in different geographical areas of the country may not understand each other when they speak their regional dialect, they may share the same written language even if their pronunciation of different characters within that language may 38 .A 39 feature across all Chinese languages is tone. For instance, Mandarin has four tones and Cantonese has six tones. Tone, in terms of language, is the pitch (音高) in which syllables(音节) in words are spoken. In Chinese, different words 40 different keys. Some words even have pitch variations in one single syllable.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A（15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When ElinorOstrom won the Nobel Prize for her research on economic governance in 2009, it was the first (and so far, the only) time a woman won a Nobel for Economics. That prize has __41__for nearly 50 years. We don’t do a great job of recognizing women’s contributions to science and innovation. My colleagues and I wondered: Is one of the reasons why women are more likely to __42__ science than men because they don’t receive the same recogn ition?To understand how __43__ shapes women’s motivation to remain in science, we first had to get a good measure of the motivations. We sought to first study a highly visible__44__, prizes, because large prizes tend to be understood and appreciated by the broader public, and they also influence those who make decisions about scientific __45__ and other financial support.Our study focused on prizes in the biomedical sciences. If we’re going to find __46__ anywhere in science, it would be in this field. Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbers to men since the early 2000s. __47__ this, of all Nobels awarded to women, a full two-thirds have been for biomedical research. Our __48__ was simple: we documented all biomedical research prizes we could find over the past five decades. We also considered the financial awards and importance associated with the prizes, as indicators of their __49__. Then we measured the percentage of prizes won by women and the association between gender and prize quality.Our initial results highlighted overall__50__ news: the proportion of biomedical prizes awarded to women has risen steadily. But when we looked at the association between gender and quality of prizes awarded, we observed a major difference: on average, women scientists win prizes associated with less money and importance than men do. Importantly, our further research suggests that there’s no __51__ that the quality or value of women-led research is any lower than that of men, as measured by citations (引用) per article, productivity, or width of research topics studied. __52__, women are catching up in terms of number of prizes won, but still fall significantly behind in regard to the importance and monetary awards associated with the prizes.The bottom line: while on the surface it may appear that the gender gap has somewhat__53__ when it comes to science prizes, great injustice is hidden just below. The problem likely __54__beyond the borders of science. In business, for example, prizes and funding for new technology and innovation may follow a similar pattern, helping to explain the phenomenon observed for female entrepreneurs, again __55__ by research. This is something worth examining in greater depth.41. A. remained B. awarded C. existed D. established42. A. leave B. doubt C. question D. suspect43. A. contribution B. recognition C. resolution D. promotion44. A. indicator B. substance C. confirmation D. compliment45. A. experiments B. innovation C. study D. grants46. A. gender equality B. research prospectsC. innovation patternsD. government control47. A. In line with B. Contrary to C. Compared with D. In case of48. A. concept B. outcome C. requirement D. approach49. A. improvement B. quality C. accomplishment D. reputation50. A. vague B. sudden C. good D. fundamental51. A. description B. evidence C. document D. comparison52. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Nevertheless53. A.highlighted B. eliminated C. strengthened D. narrowed54. A. dominates B. extends C. overtakes D. justifies55. A. turned out B. taken on C. backed up D. held upSection B（22分）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men,” argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the “Great Man Theory of History.” This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle’s theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you’ll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I’ll occasionally read a novel, but I’ve never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester’s The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You’ll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester’s Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history.Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill’s saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don’t be counted among their number.56. What is implied in the first paragraph?A. The author finds Carlyle’s theory undebatable.B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.C. It is debatable whether one should read great men’s biographies.D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.57. What does the underlined phrase “other items” in the third paragraph refer to?A. good biographiesB. stories of certain timesC. the volumes of The Last LionD. the chapters of the British Empire58. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.B. The author can travel to another world in the evening.C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.D. The author profits commercially by reading biographies.59. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.C. To present great men’s historythrough biography reading.D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.(B)Use your domestic plan when you travel in over 100 countries for $10 a day. Add International Day Pass to your existing plan before you go, then follow these tips to help manage costs and make the most of your travels:How it worksWhile abroad, if you make or accept a call, listen to a voicemail,send a text, or use data, you will be automatically charged $10 for24-hour access to your domestic plan. During that period you can:•Use your domestic plan data to email, post on social media,translate languages and more.•Make unlimited calls to countries included in InternationalDay Pass.•Send unlimited texts to the world.How to help manage costs•If you are outside of a 24-hour access period and you don’t want to use your phone, turn off data roaming (漫游) to avoid being charged $10 accidentally.•Save data by connecting Wi-Fi, especially if you download, or send and receive large files.How to call, text and use data internationally•To call or send a message to another country,dial + (country code) (local phone number)•To use cellular data, turn on Cellular Data Roaming in yourdevice Settings•To call using Wi-Fi Calling, visit /wificalling for informationHow to remove International Day PassTo remove International Day Pass, go to /myatt or call +1.314.925.6925. Onceremoved, pay-per-use rates will apply unless you add another international travel feature orpackage to your device. Go to /travel for information on pay-per-use rates andproducts available by country.Note:INTERNATIONAL DAY P ASS: Coverage not available in all areas. Int’l Day Pass may be removed if international talk, text, or data use exceeds (超过) 50% of your total talk, text, or data use for two months.60. With the AT&T International Day Pass, ___________.A. one can make unlimited calls to any country for $10 a dayB. the phone will automatically turn on Cellular Data RoamingC. the phone calling can enjoy a favorable price, saving your costD. one can save money by using WiFi to download or send large files61. According to the travel tips, which of the following is TRUE?A. Without International Day Pass, one cannot make phone calls back to the US.B. $10 will be automatically charged if roaming remains turned on after 24 hours.C. Pay-per-use will apply when one forgets to remove the International Day Pass.D. The Pass will be removed if the use of data exceeds the average monthly amount.62. Which of the following groups of people might be in the greatest need of the AT&T International DayPass?A. People who have settled abroad.B. People who work in AT&T overseas offices.C. People who have relatives in foreign countries.D. People who make frequent business trips abroad.(C)Escaping predators(食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marineecosystems are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun.Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth.Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, “they all have to breathe.”Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp (虾)movetheir tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments.Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any dropin oxygen is going to dama ge survivability and performance,” he says.63. According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?A. The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.B. The survival of predators and various marine animals.C. The alarminglychangeable oxygen levels in the ocean.D. The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.64. Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?A. Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean.B. Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.C. The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.D. Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals’ natural territories.B. Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation.C. Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.D. Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Oxygen Levels ofMarine LifeB. Ocean Warming Affects Food WebC. The Survivability of Ocean AnimalsD. The Ocean Is Running Out of BreathSection C（8分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. We believe it offers a way to receive support that is often lacking.B. The mentoring program was launched in 2013 in one of the police forces in England and Wales.C. Formal mentoring programs provide an opportunity to encourage the discussion of difficult andsensitive topics.D. However, what we are wondering is why mentoring has such great impact on mentors as well asmentees.E. Mentors heard their mentees’ accounts of anxiety and realized these feelings — which they alsoshared — were common.F. We know far less, however, about how mentoring might benefit mentors themselves.Decades of research has demonstrated how junior employees benefit from being mentored(指导). Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’ job performance and satisfaction. _______67_______We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force._______68_______ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. _______69_______By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? _______70_______ Despite the pressures that comes with their roles —including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death —police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with mental health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open and honest communication of sensitive topics.IV. Summary writing（10分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.An international team of researchers found employees who endure what is known as “abusive supervision” are more likely to behave poorly on purpose by messing up tasks, arriving late, taking long breaks and putting in minimal effort.The authors of the study, published in the Journal of Management, sought to answer why horrible bosses make employees less willing to show what is known as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or commitment to the company outside of their contractual obligations. That could include helping colleagues or volunteering for unusual work hours. They also assessed its effect on a worker’s tendency to harm the organization, by displaying counterproductive (反作用的) work behavior (CWB).To find out more, and uncover which negative outcome bullying (欺凌) behavior is more likely to cause, researchers from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China, Renmin University of China and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia cooperated and analyzed 427 existing studies. They found workers acted out either because they felt they were being treated unfairly in the workplace, or felt stressed and this affected their ability to perform as expected. An employee who felt they were a victim of injustice tended more towards reluctance to show OCB. Stressed workers, meanwhile, were more associated with CWB.Employers who worried supervisors are affecting productivity can take steps to ease issues by regularly training managers, introducing policies which cope with workplace injustices and helping workers to deal with stress.This is not the first study to suggest unkind practices can affect the well-being of workers. The paper follows a study published in the European Heart Journal last year, which showed employees who suffer bullying are more likely to develop heart diseases than those who aren’t.Bu llying and violence are common at workplaces and those exposed to these stressors are at higher risk.V. Translation（15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 多亏了我们共同努力，最近项目有了进展。

上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)英语---精校Word版含答案

I. Listening ComprehensionSection A —10分II. Grammar and vocabularySection A—10分Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma 21(spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt 22 the puma began in a small village where a woman 23 (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from he r. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being 24 it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at 25 place twenty miles away in the evening. 26 it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a 27(fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, 28 where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one 29 have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing 30 (think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. Section B—10分Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word canbe used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. networkB. specifyC. traditionallyD. ingredientE. uneasyF. additionalG. culturallyH. blockI. determineJ. requirementK. criticalA multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That’s a(an) 31difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can’t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively 32 any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) 33 that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you’re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers Do you h ave the right employee to buildup the 34?For 20-odd years, I’ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to 35 the qualifications their ideal candidate would have. Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the 36 requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic (语言的)abilities they see as crucial are not enough.Of course, it’s far more difficult to 37 candidates multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills—but it’s also a far more important 38 to success.I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He’d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New York City—the most 39 diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was 40 about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him just as Mexican buyers would have if he’d been selected for the job.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A—15分Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Hailing from Sweden, “plogging” is a fitness craze that sees partic ipants pick up plastic litter while jogging adding a virtuous, environmentally driven element to the sport. Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global, due to increasing awareness and 41 over plastic levels in the ocean.The appeal of plogging is its 42—all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying 43 to jogging. we can assume the health benefits are increased.Running and good causes have always gone 44 — just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn’t be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.Anything that’s getting people out in nature and connecting 45 with their I environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to 46 our inland waterways of plastic pollution. There’s been a real 47 in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Pla net highlighting how disastrous the crisis is,” she says.We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through 48 like plogging and Plastic Patrol.The plastic Patrol app allows users to 49 plastic anywhere in the world bycollecting discarded items, photographing them and 50 to the app, giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. “I’d urge all ploggers to get involved,” adds Carr.Plogging isn’t the first fitness trend to combine run ning with a good cause, Here are some of our favourites:Good GymIts idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back.51 among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far, 52, Good Gym is finding a solution.Guide RunningGuide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get 53. By linking themselves together, the 54 —impaired individual can feel safe while both work ofa sweat.55 for the HomelessStart-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者). 41. A. satisfaction B. hesitation C. fear D.control42. A. complexity B. simplicity C. instrument D. expense43. A. substance B. responsibility C. value D. weight44. A. one on one B. head to toe C. hand in hand D. on and off45. A. positively B. neutrally C. objectively D. fairly46. A. accuse B. rid C. assure D. rob47. A. shift B. interest C. aid D.delight48. A. motives B. performances C. exercises D.initiatives49. A. eliminate B. map C. seek D. degrade50. A. leading B. devoting C. ending D. uploading51. A. Disappointment B. Tiredness C. Sickness D. Loneliness52. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. instead53. A. excited B. ready C. active D. smart54. A. visually B. audibly C. visibly D. sensibly55. A. Running B. Plogging C. Driving D. CyclingSection B—22 分Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking’s third academic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in theevent of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties (定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book’s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family’s life insurance.58. The underlined word thumbed is closest in meaning to .A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in .A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general publicD creating the rocketing sales of a technical book(B)Conventional wisdom may tell you that a master’s degree from Harvard Business School in the US is the key to a Fortune 500 job, while the same degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, US, means a possible career on Wall Street.It seems that the graduate school you go to somewhat decides your future. And a recent New York Times article reveals the correlation between MBA (Master of BusinessAdministration) graduates at certain US schools and career prospects.To work at AmazonRoss School of Business (University of Michigan)Amazon regularly hires more MBAs from top 10 business schools than big Wall Street firms. And a large chunk of Americans employees are from Ross. Graduate Peter Faricy, vice presi dent of Amazon Marketplace, says the reason behind this is that Ross’curriculum-related offerings, a problem-solvingcourse for instance, are particularly well suited to Amazon.To work at McKinsey& CompanyKellogg School of Management (Northwestern)For an MBA, landing a job at McKinsey is like trying to get into a competitive business school all over again. However, Kellogg graduates perform well in the fierce competition. The school’s MBAs are in demand at elite consulting firms, which hired35 percent of Kellogg graduates last year, a higher percentage than at Harvard (23 percent) and Stanford (16 percent).To work at AppleFuqua School of Business (Duke)Silicon alley hasn’t always welcomed MBAs. However, two of Apple’s top 10 executives come from Fuqua. Apple has hired 32 Fuqua graduates over the past five years, and provided 42 internships for Duke students.To start your own companyHarvard Business SchoolThe extensive resources Harvard has devoted to its entrepreneurial offerings in recent years are starting to show real results. By many accounts, it has surpassed Stanford as the top entrepreneurial hot-bed in the US.60. Which university offers students a course on various approaches to difficulties at work?A. Kellogg School of Management.B. Ross School of Business.C. Harvard Business School.D. Fuqua School of Business.61. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Consulting companies favor MBA students from Kellogg.B. Stanford produces the greatest number of business leaders.C. To work at Apple, MBA graduates have an advantage.D. Wall Street employs more MBAs from top 10 than Amazon.62. If you want to work in the area of hi-tech electronic products, you may choose to study in .A. Wharton SchoolB. Kellogg School of ManagementC. Ross School of BusinessD. Fuqua School of Business(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,” George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present systems for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs—or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck(敬畏的) staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bus h’s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in suchunmanned science—the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion (推进力)? lf new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush’s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that .A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people’s w ell-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush’s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space explorationD. The achievements in space exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain Americas position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won’t make great discoveries.Section C—8分Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Being simple might be another reason.B. It was the only affordable way to play them.C. We should have admiration for this old technology.D. The current trend for old games shows no sign of slowing.E. Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive.F. So it seems like its not ‘game over’ for old-school technologyRetro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. 67 And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground—and now they are being talked about—and played again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: 68 I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc... but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?69 The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says “it’s important to recognize how well-designed many o f those classic games are…the developers had so little space to work with-your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb-and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today’s games. 70This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.IV. 71. Summary Writing—10分Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60wonds. Use your own words as, far as possible.Every time there is a mass shooting, the debate surrounding guns tends to flare up in America. The abuse of guns has been a serious problem in the US all along, but why doesn’t the US government just dismiss owning guns privately?The right to own a gun and defend oneself is central to American society. As early as the1600s, when the first Europeans set foot on the continent of North America, they had to face a lot of dangers. They could only rely on themselves. Therefore, guns played a significant role in self-defense. Guns were also important in American’s Independent War and the Civil War.Secondly, the American founding fathers believed that gun ownership was necessary for a truly free country. If the government distrusts the people and disarms them, then that government no longer represents the people. The Second Amendment to the US Constitution specifies that the American people cannot be deprived of the “right to keep and bear arms.” So the sale and purchase of firearms are legal in the United States according to law.The importance of guns is also derived from the role of hunting in American culture. In the nation’s early years, hunting was essential for food and shelter. Today, guns are a vital part of hunting, which remains very popular as both a sport and a way of life in many parts of the country. People spend time with friends, sharing thepleasure that the sport brings.For those reasons, when critics say guns mean violence, they miss a large part of the picture, and they misrepresent the complex nature of America’s diverse gun culture. Most people who own guns privately, are actually part of the gun culture. They have rational and thoughtful reasons to own and use guns.V. Translation—15分Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我们常常忍不住秒回刚收到的信息。

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