1997年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷及参考答案
1997年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷及参考答案Part I Listening comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the foursuggested answers marked A)，B)，C), and D) and decide which is thebest answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. Y ou should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) On Thursday night.B) On Monday night.C) On Friday morning.D) On Thursday morning2. A) Try to help him find rooms in another hotel.B) Check to see if there are any vacancies in her hotel.C) Let him move to a room with two single beds.D) Show him the way to Imperial Hotel.3. A) Robust.B) Brave.C) Generous.D) Dangerous.4. A) He loves his present job.B) He is going to open a store.C) He is about to retire.D) He works in a repair shop.5. A) She has confidence in him.B) She has also won a scholarship.C) She is surprised at the news.D) She is not interested in the news.6. A) His only son is dying.B) His mother died some time ago.C) He didn’t like after his sick wife.D) He hasn’t taken good care of his son.7. A) At the airport.B) In a travel agency.C) In a hotel.D) At the reception desk.8. A) He is not equal to the job.B) He is not well paid for his work.C) He doesn’t think the job is challenging enough.D) He cannot keep his mind on his work.9. A) The talks haven’t started yet.B) The talks haven’t achieved much.C) The talks have produced a general agreement.D) The talks broke down and could go to further.10. A) Help him to carry some luggage.B) Get some travel information.C) Tell him the way to the left luggage office.D) Look after something for him.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Crowded air traffic.B) The large size of airplanes.C) Mistakes by air traffic controllers.D) Bad weather.12. A) They bumped into each other over a swimming pool.B) They avoided each other by turning in different directions.C) They narrowly escaped crashing into each other.D) One plane climbed above the other at the critical moment.13. A) To show the key role played by air traffic controllers.B) To show the great responsibility shouldered by the pilots.C) To give an example of air disasters.D) To show that air travel is far safer than driving a car.Passage T woQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) Her unique experience.B) Her future prospects.C) Her favorite job.D) Her lonely life.15. A) Authority.B) A good relationship.C) Good luck.D) Independence.16. A) She will live an empty life.B) She will work in a bookstore.C) She will remain single.D) She will earn a lot of money.17. A) She should find a good job.B) She should open a small restaurant.C) She should have more control over her life.D) She should get married.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) In day-care centers where little children were taken care of.B) In areas in Chicago poor people lived.C) In places where hot lunch was provided for factory workers.D) In schools where free classes were organized for young people.19. A) For young people and adults.B) For immigrants.C) For factory works.D) For poor city children.20. A) Jane Adams’ contributions to society.B) Jane Adams’ struggle for women’s liberation.C) Jane Adams’ life story.D) Jane Adams’ responsibility for the poor.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is following by some questions or unfinished statements-For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10.5 ounces, without any reduction in price. There were still twelve biscuits, but they had been reduced in size. Later, the Senator rightly complained of a store-bought pie in a handsomely illustrated box that pictured, in a single slice,almost as many cherries as there were in the whole pie.The manufacturer who increases the unit price of his product by changing his package size to lower the quantity delivered can, without undue hardship, put his product into boxes, bags, and tins that will contain even 4-ounce, 8-ounce, one-pound, two-pound quantities of breakfast foods, cake mixes, etc. A study of drugstore and supermarket shelves will convince any observer that all possible size and shapes of boxes, jars, bottles, and tins are in use at the same time and, as the package journals show, week by week, there is never any hesitation in introducing a new size, and shape of box or bottle when it aids in product differentiation. The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that are used for improving a product’s market position.When a packaging expert explained that he was able to multiply the price of hard sweets by 2.5, from 1 dollar to 2.50 dollars by changing to a fancy jar, or that he had made a 5-ounce bottle look as though it held 8 ounces, he was in effect telling the public that packaging can be a very expensive luxury. It evidently does come high, when an average family pays about 200 dollars a year for bottles, cans, boxes, jars and other containers, most of which can’t be used anything but stuffing the garbage can.21. What started the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packagingrumpus?A) Consumers’ complaints about the changes in the package size.B) Expensive packaging for poor quality products.C) A senator’s discovery of the tricks in packaging.D) The rise in the unit price for many products.22. The word “undue” (Para. 2) means “________”.A) improperB) adequateC) unexpectedD) excessive23. Consumers are concerned about the changes in the package size, mainly because________.A) they hate to see any changes in things they are familiar withB) they unit price for a product often rises as a resultC) they have to pay for the cost of changing package sizesD) this entails an increase in the cost of packaging24. According to this passage, various types of packaging come into existence to________.A) meet the needs of consumersB) suit all kinds of productsC) enhance the market position of productsD) introduce new products25. The author is critical mainly of ________.A) dishonest packagingB) inferior packagingC) the changes in package sizeD) exaggerated illustrations on packagesQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labour is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central-usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s hierarchy.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is as lower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that to withthese processes will disappear.26. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in Americancompanies?A) They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.B) They see the gaining of skills as their employees’ own business.C) They attach more importance to workers than equipment.D) They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.27. What is the position of the head of human-resource management in an Americanfirm?A) He is one of the most important executives in firms.B) His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced.C) He is directly under the chief financial executives in the firms.D) He has no say in making important decisions in the firm.28. The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to ________.A) workers who can operate new equipmentB) technological and managerial staffC) workers who lack basic background skillsD) top executives29. According to the passages, the decisive factor in maintaining a firm’s competitiveadvantage is ________.A) the introduction of new technologiesB) the improvement of worker’s basic skillsC) the rational composition of professional and managerial employeesD) the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employees30. What is the main idea of the passage?A) American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management.B) Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human-resource management.C) The head of human-resource management must be in the central position in afirm’s hierarchy.D) The human-resource management strategies of American firms affect theircompetitive capacity.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to thesubject. Too close a relation, and the writer may be objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul-the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a king’s servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the king’s biography-not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.Biographers may cl aim that their account is the “authentic” one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is “authorized” by the subject, this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. “Unauthorized” biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the “unauthorized” characterisation usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several b iographies, even several “authentic” ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell the story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.31. According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who ________.A) knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from himB) is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writingC) is independent and treats the subject with fairness and objectivityD) possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject32. The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that________.A) the best biographies are meant to transform their readersB) biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects’ livesC) the best biographies are the of heroes and famous figuresD) biographies can serve different purpose33. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?A) An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.B) An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.C) No one can write a perfect biography.D) Authorized biographies have a wider readership.34. An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because ________.A) it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividlyB) it contains interesting information about the subject’s private lifeC) it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsidersD) it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subject’s character35. In this passage, the author focuses on ________.A) the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his jobB) the secret of a biographer to win more readersC) the techniques required of a biographer to write a food biographyD) the characteristics of different kinds of biographiesQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes then the face will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye then the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants to not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner.”The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves-to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the `precise moment when the speaker reestab lishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused byinterruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.36. The author is convinced that the eyes are ________.A) of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideasB) something through which one can see a person’s inner worldC) of considerable significance in making conversations interestingD) something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate37. Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person ________.A) whose front view is fully perceivedB) whose face is covered with a maskC) whose face is seen from the sideD) whose face is free of any covering38. According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner’sneck because ________.A) they don’t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speakerB) they need not communicate through eye contactC) they don’t think it polite to have eye contactD) they didn’t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact inbabyhood39. According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break downdue to ________.A) one temporarily glancing away from the otherB) eye contact of more than one secondC) improperly-timed ceasing of eye contactD) constant adjustment of eye contact40. To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants ________.A) not to wear dark spectaclesB) not to make any interruptionsC) not to glance away from each otherD) not to make unpredictable pausesPart III Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this pert. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the centre.41. By ________ computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would costhim a thousand dollars.A) coarseB) rudeC) crudeD) rough42. Y our story about the frog turning into a prince is ________ nonsense.A) sheerB) shearC) shieldD) sheet43. I could see that my wife was ________ having that fur coat, whether I approved ofit or not.A) adequate forB) intent onC) short ofD) deficient in44. The ________ runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.A) commonB) usualC) averageD) general45. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a operation, he quicklyrecovered his sight.A) delicateB) considerateC) preciseD) sensitive46. As an excellent shooter, Peter practised aiming at both ________ targets andmoving targets.A) standingB) stationaryC) stillD) stable47. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible ________ andmany jobs on campus are reserved for students.A) scalesB) patternsC) gradesD) ranks48. The insurance company paid him $10,000 in ________ after his accident.A) compensationB) installmentC) substitutionD) commission49. The political future of the president is now hanging by a ________.A) threadB) cordC) stringD) rope50. The statue would be perfect but for a few small ________ in its be.A) mistakesB) weaknesses c) flawsD) errors51. Why should anyone want to read ________ of books by great authors when the realpleasure comes from reading the originals.A) themesB) insightsC) digestsD) leaflets52. Parents have a legal ________ to ensure that their children are provided withefficient education suitable to their age.A) impulseB) influenceC) obligationD) sympathy53. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession womenare in a ________.A) scarcityB) minorityC) minimumD) shortage54. David likes country life and has decided to ________ farming.A) go in forB) go back onC) go through withD) go along with55. Jack was about to announce our plan but I ________.A) put him throughB) turned him outC) gave him upD) cut him short56. I am sure I can ________ him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.A) speakB) sayC) talkD) tell57. Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply ________.A) declinedB) lessenedC) descendedD) slipped58. The republication of the pet’s most recent works will certainly ________ hisnational reputation.A) magnifyB) strengthenC) enlarge59. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ________ aviolent act previously seen on television.A) modifyingB) duplicatingC) acceleratingD) stimulating60. This kind of material can ________ heat and moisture.A) deleteB) `compelC) constrainD) repel61. Reading ________ the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking thatmakes what we read ours.A) rectifiesB) prolongsC) minimizesD) furnishes62. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to ________ in the courtyard.A) assembleB) convergeC) crowdD) accumulate63. The work in the office was ________ by a constant stream of visitors.A) confusedB) hamperedC) reverendD) perplexed64. The joys of travel, having long ________ the disabled, are opening up to virtuallyanyone who has the means.A) omittedB) missedC) neglected65. Fewer and fewer of today’s workers expect to spend their working lives in the samefield, ________ the same company.A) all elseB) much worseC) less likelyD) let alone66. When he finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, John was ________ pale.A) enormouslyB) startlinglyC) uniquelyD) dramatically67. Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openingsat this time, but we shall keep your application on ________ for two months.A) pileB) segmentC) sequenceD) file68. It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry largeamounts of cash; virtually all financial ________ will be conducted by computer.A) transactionsB) transmissionsC) transitionsD) transformations69. The of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physicalaspect in the life style of the people.A) implementationB) manifestationC) demonstrationD) expedition70. The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increase, awider range of publications and an expansion of newspaper jobs.A) manipulationB) reproductionC) circulationD) penetrationPart IV short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions orcomplete the statements is the fewest possible word.I once knew a dog named Newton who had a unique sense of humour. Whenever I tossed out a Frisbee for him to chase, he’d take off in hot pursuit but then seem to lose track of it. Moving back and forth only a yard of two from the toy, Newton would look all around, even up into the trees. He seemed genuinely puzzled. Finally, I’d give up and head into the field to help him out. But no sooner would I get within 10 ft. Of him than he would run invariably straight over to the Frisbee, grab it and start running like mad, looking over his shoulder with what looked suspiciously like a grin.Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is eager to share it with anyone who will listen. On very short notice, TIME reporters cam up with 25 stories about what each is convinced is the smartest pet in the world. Among them: the cat who closes the door behind him when he goes into the bathroom; the cat who uses a toilet instead of a litter box... and flushes it afterward; the dog who goes wild when he sees his owner putting on blue jeans instead of a dress because jeans mean it is time to play; and the cat who used to wait patiently at the bus stop every day for a little girl, then walk her the six blocks home. And so on.These behaviours are certainly clever, but what do they mean? Was Newton really deceiving? Can a cat really desire privacy in the toilet? In short, do household pets really have a mental and emotional life? Their owners think so, but until recently, animal-behaviour exports would have gone mad on hearing such a question. The worst sin in the worst sin in their moral vocabulary was anthropomorphism, projecting human traits onto animals. A dog or a cat might behave as if it were angry, lonely, sad, happy or confused, but that was only in the eye of the viewer. What was going on, they insisted was that the dog or cat had been conditioned, through a perhaps unintentional series of punishments and rewards, the behave certain way. The behaviour was a mechanical result of the training.71. What did Newton seem puzzled about?72. Why does the author say Newton had unique sense of humour?73. What made it possible for the TIME reporters to come up with so many interestingstories about pets?74. What belief about pet behaviour was unacceptable to experts of animal behaviour?。
2000年6月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案_大学英语六级CET6历年真题
part i listening comprehension (20 minutes) section adirections: in this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices marked a), b), c) and d), and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.example: you will hear:you will read:a) 2 hours.b) 3 hours.c) 4 hours.d) 5 hours.from the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. therefore, d) “5 hours” is the correct answer. you should choose [d] on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.sample answer [a] [b] [c] [d]1. a) buy some travelle r’s checks.b) borrow some money from a friend.c) check the brakes and tires.d) spend some time travelling.2. a) he is very forgiving and tolerant.b) he probably has a poor memory.c) he is well liked by his customers.d) he has been introduced to the staff.3. a) he thinks the book should include more information.b) he doesn’t think it necessary to provide the answers.c) the answers will be added in a later edition.d) the book does include the answers.4. a) announce appeals for public service.b) hold a charity concert to raise money.c) ask the school radio station for help.d) pool money to fund the radio station.5. a) she talked with the consultant about the new program until two.b) she wouldn’t talk to the consultant before two.c) she would talk to the consultant during lunch.d) she couldn’t contact the consultant’s secretary.6. a) they are equally competent for the job.b) they both graduated from art schools.c) they majored in different areas of art.d) they are both willing to draw the posters.7. a) at a book store.b) at an art museum.c) at a newspaper office.d) at a gymnasium.8. a) the woman received a phone call from mark yesterday.b) the man injured mark in a traffic accident yesterday.c) the man met a friend by chance.d) the woman contracted mark on business.9. a) the man should stay up and watch the program.b) the man should read something exciting instead.c) the man should go to bed at eleven.d) the man should give up watching the movie.10. a) students with a library card can check any book out.b) reference books are not allowed to be checked out.c) only students with a library card can check out reference books.d) the number of books a student can check out is unlimited.section bdirections: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.passage onequestion 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. a) to find out whether they take music lessons in their space time.b) to find out whether they can name four different musical instruments.c) to find out whether they enjoy playing musical instruments in school.d) to find out whether they differ in their preference for musical instruments.12. a) they find them too hard to play.b) they think it silly to play them.c) they find it not challenging enough to play them.d) they consider it important to be different from girls.13. a) children who have private music tutors.b) children who are 8 or older.c) children who are between 5 and 7.d) children who are well-educated.passage twoquestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. a) because there weren’t any professional teams in the u.s. then.b) because pele hadn’t retired from the brazilian national team yet.c) because this fast-moving sport wasn’t familiar to many americans.d) because good professional players received low salaries.[page]15. a) when it has a large number of fans.b) when it plays at home.c) when it has many international stars playing for it.d) when the fans cheer enthusiastically for it.16. a) it wasn’t among the top four teams.b) it didn’t play as well as expected.c) it won the world cup.d) it placed fourth.passage threequestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. a) students from america.b) students from england.c) students from australia.d) students from japan.18. a) those who know how to program computers.b) those who get special aid from their teachers.c) those who are very hardworking.d) those who have well-educated parents.19. a) japanese students study much harder than columbian students.b) columbian students score higher than japanese students in maths.c) columbian students are more optimistic about their maths skills.d) japanese students have better conditions for study.20. a) physics.b) mathematics.c) environmental science.d) life science.part ii reading comprehension (35 minutes)direction: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b) c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.passage onequestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:in the 1920s demand for american farm products fell, as european countries began to recover from world war i and instituted austerity（紧缩）programs to reduce their imports. the result was a sharp drop in farm prices. this period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. they were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. the prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. these developments were made worse by the great depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the1930sin 1929, under president herbert hoover, the federal farm board was organized. it established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.president hoover’s successor attached even more importance to this problem. one of the first measures proposed by president franklin d. roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the agricultural adjustment act, which was subsequently passed by congress. this law was declared unconstitutional by the supreme court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. however, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. the roosevelt administration believed that rebuilding the nation’s soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid（杂交）grain, and fertilizers.21. what brought about the decline in the demand for american farm products?a) the impact of the great depression.b) the shrinking of overseas markets.c) the destruction caused by the first world war.d) the increased exports of european countries.22. the chief concern of the american government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was ____________________.a) to increase farm productionb) to establish agricultural lawsc) to prevent farmers from going bankruptd) to promote the mechanization of agriculture23. the agricultural adjustment act encouraged american farmers to __________.a) reduce their scale of productionb) make full use of their landc) adjust the prices of their farm productsd) be self-sufficient in agricultural production24. the supreme court rejected the agricultural adjustment act because it believed that the act ______________.[page]a) might cause greater scarcity of farm productsb) didn’t give the secretary of agriculture enough powerc) would benefit neither the government nor the farmersd) benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others25. it was claimed that the new laws passed during the roosevelt administration were aimed at _______________.a) reducing the cost of farmingb) conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nationc) lowering the burden of farmersd) helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayerspassage twoquestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:in the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (ai) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. but as useful as computers are, they’re nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. never mind something ascomplex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.a growing group of ai researchers think they know where the field went wrong. the problem, the scientists say, is that ai has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. a new movement in ai, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. the results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based ai movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.imitating the brain’s neural（神经的）network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist michael conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. “people tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors,” he explains, “but it’s not simply a clever network of switches. there are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves.” specifically, conrad believes that many of the brain’s capabilit ies stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. the best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processesthat take place in the brain remains controversial. but if it proves true, then the efforts of conrad and his fellow ai rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.26. the author says that the powerful computers of today _______________.a) are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an objectb) are close to exhibiting humanlike behaviorc) are not very different in their performance from those of the 50’sd) still cannot communicate with people in a human language27. the new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from ____________.a) the shift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objectsb) the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programsc) the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old childd) the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells28. conrad and his group of ai researchers have been making enormous efforts to _______.a) find a roundabout way to design powerful computersb) build a computer using a clever network of switchesc) find out how intelligence developed in natured) separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought[page]29. what’s the author’s opinion about the new ai movement?a) it has created a sensation among artificial intelligence researchers but will soon die out.b) it’s breakthrough in duplicating hu man thought processes.c) it’s more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort.d) it may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its future prospects.30. which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “the only game in town” (line 3, para.4)?a) the only approach to building an artificially intelligent computer.b) the only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research.c) the only area worth studying in computer science.d) the only game they would like to play in town.passage threequestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:cars account for half the oil consumed in the u.s., about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse（温室）gases. they take a similar toll of（损耗）resources in other industrial nations and in the cities of the developing world. as vehicle use continues to increase in the coming decade, the u.s. and other countries will have to deal with these issues or else face unacceptable economic, health-related and political costs. it is unlikely that oil prices will remain at their current low level or that other nations will accept a large and growing u.s. contribution to global climatic change.policymakers and industry have four options: reduce vehicle use, increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions ofconventional gasoline-powered vehicles, switch to less harmful fuels, or find less polluting driving systems. the last of these-in particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricity—is ultimately the only sustainable option. the other alternatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer only marginal improvements. for example, reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental problems, but evidence from around the world suggests that it is very difficult to make people give up their cars to any significant extent. in the u.s., mass-transit tidership and carpooling（合伙用车）have declined since world war ii. even in western europe, with fuel prices averaging more than $1 a liter (about $4 a gallon) and with easily accessible mass transit and dense populations, cars still account for 80 percent of all passenger travel.improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal-combustion engines, could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions (especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline).31. from the passage we know that the increased use of cars will ______________.a) consume half of the oil produced in the worldb) have serious consequences for the well-being of all nationsc) widen the gap between the developed and developing countriesd) impose an intolerable economic burden on residents of large cities32. the u.s. has to deal with the problems arising from vehicle use because __________.a) most americans are reluctant to switch to public transportation systemsb) the present level of oil prices is considered unacceptablec) other countries will protest its increasing greenhouse emissionsd) it should take a lead in conserving natural resources33. which of the following is the best solution to the problems mentioned in the passage?a) the designing of highly efficient car engines.b) a reduction of vehicle use in cities.c) the development of electric cars.d) the use of less polluting fuels.34. which of the following is practical but only makes a marginal contribution to solving the problem of greenhouse emissions?a) the use of fuels other than gasoline.b) improved energy efficiency.[page]c) the introduction of less polluting driving systems.d) reducing car use by carpooling.35. which of the following statements is true according to the passage?a) the decline of public transportation accounts for increased car use in western europe.b) car are popular in western europe even though fuel prices are fairly high.c) the reduction of vehicle use is the only sustainable optionin densely populated western europe.d) western european oil companies cannot sustain the cost of developing new-type fuels.passage fourquestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:reebok executives do not like to hear their stylish athletic shoes called “footwear for yuppies（雅皮士，少壮高薪职业人士）”. they contend that reebok shoes appeal to diverse market segments, especially now that the company offers basketball and children’s shoes for the under-18 set and walking shoes for older customers not interested in aerobics（健身操）or running. the executives also point out that through recent acquisitions they have added hiking boots, dress and casual shoes, and high-performance athletic footwear to their product lines, all of which should attract new and varied groups of customers.still, despite its emphasis on new markets, reehok plans few changes in the upmakeret（高档消费人群的）retailing network that helped push sales to $1 billion annually, ahead of all other sports shoe marketers. reebok shoes, which are priced form $27 to $85, will continue to be sold only in better specialty, sporting goods, and department stores, in accordance with the co mpany’s view that consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution.in the past few years, the massachusetts-based company has imposed limits on the number of its distributors (and the number of shoes supplied to stores), partly out of necessity. at times the unexpected demand for reebok’s exceeded supply, and the company could barely keep up with orders from the dealers it already had. these fulfillment problems seem to be under control now, but the company is still selective about its distributors. atpresent, reebok shoes are available in about five thousand retail stores in the united states.reebok has already anticipated that walking shoes will be the next fitness-related craze, replacing aerobics shoes the same way its brightly colored, soft leather exercise footwear replaced conventional running shoes. through product diversification and careful market research, reebok hopes to avoid the distribution problems nike came across several years ago, when nike misjudged the strength of the aerobics shoe craze and was forced to unload huge inventories of running shoes through discount stores.36. one reason why reebok’s managerial personnel don’t like their shoes to be called “footwear for yuppies” is that _____________.a) they believe that their shoes are popular with people of different age groupsb) new production lines have been added to produce inexpensive shoesc) “yuppies” usually evokes a negative imaged) the term makes people think of prohibitive prices37. reekbok’s view that “consumers judge the quality of the brand by the quality of its distribution” (line 5, para.2) implies that ____________.a) the quality of a brand is measured by the service quality of the store selling itb) the quality of a product determines the quality of its distributorsc) the popularity of a brand is determined by the stores that sell itd) consumers believe that first-rate products are only sold byhigh-quality stores38. reebok once had to limit the number of its distributors because ____________.a) its supply of products fell short of demandb) too many distributors would cut into its profitsc) the reduction of distributors could increase its share of the marketd) it wanted to enhance consumer confidence in its products39. although the reebok company has solved the problem of fulfilling its orders, it ______.a) does not want to further expand its retailing networkb) still limits the number of shoes supplied to stores[page]c) is still particular about who sells its productsd) still carefully chooses the manufacturers of its products40. what lesson has reebok learned from nike’s distribution problems?a) a company should not sell its high quality shoes in discount stores.b) a company should not limit its distribution network.c) a company should do follow-up surveys of its products.d) a company should correctly evaluate the impact of a new craze on the market.part iii vocabulary and structure (20 minutes)directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). choose the one that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.41. for many patients, institutional care is the most __________ and beneficial form of care.a) pertinent b) appropriatec) acute d) persistent42. among all the changes resulting from the ___________ entry of women into the work force, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.a) massive b) quantitativec) surplus d) formidable43. mr. smith became very __________ when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.a) ingenious b) empiricalc) objective d) indignant44. rumours are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into _____________ ones.a) turbulent b) tragicc) vulnerable d) suspicious45. the ______________ cycle of life and death is a subject of interest to scientists and philosophers alike.a) incompatible b) exceedingc) instantaneous d) eternal46. she remains confident and ____________ untroubled by our present problems.a) indefinitely b) infinitelyc) optimistically d) seemingly47. fiber-optic cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations ___________.a) simultaneously b) spontaneouslyc) homogeneously d) contemporarily48. the police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the _____________.a) vain b) vicinityc) court d) jail49. whether you live to eat or eat to live, food is a major ________ i n every family’s budget.a) nutrition b) expenditurec) routine d) provision50. now a paper in science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from _______ on earth rather than bacteria on mars.a) configuration b) constitutionc) condemnation d) contamination51. there is much i enjoy about the changing seasons, but my favorite time is the _________ from fall to winter.a) transmission b) transformationc) transition d) transfer52. i think we need to see an investment __________ before we make an expensive mistake.a) guide b) entrepreneurc) consultant d) assessor53. the ____________ on this apartment expires in a year’s time.a) treaty b) leasec) engagement d) subsidy54. the elderly russians find it hard to live on their state ___________.a) pensions b) earningsc) salaries d) donations55. there is supposed to be a safety _______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.a) appliance b) accessoryc) machine d) mechanism56. after four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally _____________.a) deteriorated b) dispersedc) dissipated d) drained57. no one can function properly if they are ___________ of adequate sleep.a) deprived b) rippedc) stripped d) contrived58. for years now, the people of industrialism, education has been ____________ towards producing workers.a) depressed b) immersedc) oppressed d) cursed59. ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been ______________ towards producing workers.a) harnessed b) hatchedc) motivated d) geared60. the prospect of increased prices has already ______________ worries.a) provoked b) irritatedc) inspired d) hoisted61. the suspect ________ that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.a) advocated b) allegedc) addressed d) announced62. although the colonists ____________ to some extent with the native americans, the indians’ influence on american culture and language was not extensive.a) migrated b) matched[page]c) mingled d) melted63. e-mail is a convenient, highly democratic informalmedium for conveying messages that ______________ well to human needs.a) adheres b) reflectsc) conforms d) satisfies64. the wings of the bird still _____________ after it had been shot down.a) slapped b) scratchedc) flapped d) fluctuated65. the disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously _________ relations between the two countries.a) tumble b) jeopardizec) manipulate d) intimidate66. when you put up wallpaper, should you ______ the edges or put them next to each other?a) coincide b) extendc) overlap d) collide67. under the present system, state enterprises must _________ all profits to the government.a) turn down b) turn upc) turn out d) turn in68. oil companies in the u.s. are already beginning to feel the pressure. refinery workers and petroleum-equipment-manufacturing employees are being __________.a) laid out b) laid offc) laid down d) laid aside69. we’ll ____________ you for any damage done to your house while we are in it.a) compensate b) remedyc) supplement d) retrieve70. she cut her hair short and tried to _____________ herself asa man.a) decorate b) disguisec) fabricate d) fakepart iv error correction (15 minutes)directions: this part consists of a short passage. in this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. you may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. if you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. if you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. if you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.example:television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods.1. time/times/periodmany of the arguments having used for the study of literature. 2. /___________as a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. the___________when you start talking about good and bad manners youimmediately start meeting difficulties. many people just cannotagree what they mean. we asked a lady, who replied that she thought you could tell a well-manned person on the way they 71. __________occupied the space around them—for example, when such a person walks down a street he or she is constantly unaware of 72. __________others. such people never bump into other people.however, a second person thought that this was more aquestion of civilized behavior as good manners. instead, this 73. __________other person told us a story, it he said was quite well known, 74. __________about an american who had been invited to an arab meal at 75. __________one of the countries of the middle east. the american hasn’t 76. __________been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. ifhe had known about american food, he might have behaved 77. __________better.immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread that looked, to him, very much as a napkin（餐巾）. picking it 78. __________up, he put it into his collar, so that it falls across his shirt. 79. __________his arab host, who had been watching, said of nothing, but 80. __________immediately copied the action of his guest.and that, said this second person, was a fine example ofgood manners.part v writing (30 minutes)directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic is a test of spoken english necessary? the first sentence has already been written for you. you should write at least 120 words, and bas your composition on the outline given in chinese below:。
2019年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题第二套试卷及参考答案
2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) Why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany’s.B)Why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones.C)Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn.D)Why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn.2.A)Her unique personality.B)Her physical condition.C)Her shift of interest to performing arts.D)Her family’s suspension of financial aid.3.A) She was not an outgoing person.B)She was easy-going on the whole.C)She was modest and hardworking D)She was usually not very optimistic.4.A)She was influenced by the roles she played in the films.B)Her parents taught her to symbolize with the needy.C)She learned to volunteer when she was a child.D)Her family benifited from other people’s help.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) Give a presentation.B)Rise some questions.C)Start a new company.D)Attend a board meeting.6.A) It will cut production costs.B)It will raise productivity.C)No staff will be dismissed.D)No new staff will be hired.7.A) The timeline of restructuring.B)The reasons for restructuring.C)The communication channels.D)The company’s new missions.8.A) By consulting their own department managers.B)By emailing questions to the man or the woman.C)By exploring various channels of communication.D)By visiting the company’s own computer network.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals.B) It has animals to help passengers carry their language.C) It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers.D) It allows passengers to have animal travel with them.10.A) Avoiding possible dangers.B) Finding their way around.C) Identifying drug smugglers.D) Looking after sick passengers.11.A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits.B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport.C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes.D) Bring their animals on board their plane.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles.B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city.C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion.D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome.13. A) A number of different images. B) A number of mythological heroes.C) Various musical instruments. D) Paintings by famous French artists.14. A) The originality and expertise shown. B) The worldly sophistication displayed.C)The stunning images vividly depicted. D) The impressive skills and costly dyes.15. A) His artistic taste is superb. B) His identity remains unclear.D) He was a collector of antiques. D) He was a rich Italian merchant.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They encourage international cooperation.B) They lay stress on basic scientific research.C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies.D) They favour scientists from its member countries.17. A) Many of them wish to win international recognition.B) They believe that more hands will make light work.C) They want to follow closely the international trend.D) Many of their projects have become complicated.18. A) It requires mathematicians to work independently.B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges.C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration.D) It calls for more research funding to catch up.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus.B) Scientists discovered water on Venus.C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere.D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle.20.A) It resembles Earth in many aspects.B)It is the same as fiction has portrayed.C)It is a paradise of romance for alien life.D)It undergoes geological changes like Earth.21.A) It might have been hotter than it is today.B)It might have been a cozy habitat for life.C)It used to have more water than Earth.D)It used to be covered with rainforests.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A) Causes of sleeplessness.B)Cross-cultural communication.C)Cultural psychology.D)Motivation and positive feelings.23.A) They attach great importance to sleep.B)They often have trouble falling asleep.C)They pay more attention to sleep efficiency.D)They generally sleep longer than East Asians.24.A) By asking people to report their sleep habits.B)By observing people’s sleep patterns in labs.C)By having people wear motion-detecting watches.D)By videotaping people’s daily sleeping processes.25.A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades.B)It has not yet explored the cross-cultural aspect of sleep.C)It has not yet produced anything conclusive.D)It has attached attention all over the world.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The dream of personalised flight is still vivid in the minds of many inventors, some developing cycle-powered craft, others 26 money into jetpacks (喷气飞行背包). However, the flying car has always remained the 27 symbol of personal transport freedom.Several companies around the world have produced 28 that can drive on roads and fly. Airbus has a futuristic modular (组件式的) concept involving a passenger capsule that can be 29 from the road-going chassis (底盘) and picked up by a helicopter-type machine.But all these concepts are massively expensive, require safety certification standards for road and air, need 30 controls, involve complex folding wings and propellers, and have to be flown from air-strips. So they are likely to remain rich people’s playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses.“A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another 31 street is unlikely to happen,” says Prof. Gray, a leading aeronautical engineer. “Sky taxis are much more likely.” But that won’t stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes 32 schemes.Civilian aviation is being disrupted, not by the age-old desires for speed, romanticism and 33 , but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate. New electric engines coupled with artificial intelligence and 34 systems will contribute to a more efficient, integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy. That may sound simple, but as Prof. Gray says, “When Itravel somewhere I like this notion that when I finish my journey I feel better than when I started it.Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce WasteA) As consumers, we are very wasteful. Annually, the world generates 1.3 billion tons of solid waste. This is expected to go up to 2.2 billion by 2025. The developed countries are responsible for 44% of waste, and in the U.S. alone, the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month.B) Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from selling new goods. Yet, more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste. This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals. It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment.C) When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from, more and more consumers are looking into sustainability. This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past. In a survey of 54 of the world’s leading brands, almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles. At the same time, surveys on consumers in the U.S. and the U.K. show that they also care about minimizing energy use and reducing waste.D) For the most part, consumers control what happens to a product. But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy, especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option.E) Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing, footwear, and electronics industries have launched environmental programs. They want to make their customers interested in preserving their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump. By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products, they’re promising quality and durability to consumers, and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly. F) For example, the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops. Instead of discarding their old worn-out jeans, customers bring them in to be renewed. The company even provides mail-order repair kits and online videos, so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home. Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment, but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product. When customers do want to toss their pair, they can give them back to the store, which will repurpose and resell them. Another clothing company, Patagonia, a high-end outdoor clothingstore, follows the same principle. It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing, such as waterproof outerwear, at home. The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee. Currently, Patagonia repairs about 40,000 garments a year in their Reno, Nevada, service center. According to the company’s CEO, Rose Marcario, this is about building a company that cares about the environment. At the same time, offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products.G) In Brazil, the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoe-recycling program called “Sustainable Footprint” since 2012. Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash. They are used to fuel cement ovens. To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes, Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers, and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes. This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making people more aware of the company’s values.H) Enormous opportunities also lie with e-waste. It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of e-waste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively. The materials from e-waste include iron, copper, gold, silver, and aluminum—materials that could be reused, resold, salvaged, or recycled. Together, the value of these metals is estimated to be about $52 billion. Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have provided e-waste take-back programs over the past few years, which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components and parts into new products.I) For other companies interested in reducing waste, helping the environment, and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek, here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value to products:J) Find partners. If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors, then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products. Power tool maker DeWalt partners with companies, such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts, to collect old tools at their stores for recycling. The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example, two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain, like, in this example, an engine firm with an accessory one.K) Create incentives. Environmental conscientiousness isn’t always enough to make customers recycle old goods. For instance, DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools, even if they no longer worked, because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle. By offering instant discounts worth as much as $100, DeWalt launched a trade-in program to encourage people to bring back tools. As a result, DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products.L) Start with a trial program, and expect to change the details as you go. Any take-back program will likely change over time, depending on what works for your customers and company goals. Maybe you see low customer participation at first, or conversely, so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high. Best Buy, for instance, has been bearing the lion’s share of e-waste volume since two of its largest competitors, Amazon and Wal-mart, do not have their own recycling programs. Since the launch of its program, Best Buy changed its policy to add a $25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going.M) Build a culture of collective values with customers. A stronger relationship between the retailer/producer and the consumer isn’t just about financial incentives. By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste, and by developing a culture of responsibility, repair, and reuse, you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities.N) These examples are just the tip of the iceberg, but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations. Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement (采购): less to be procured from the outside and more to be re-utilized from the inside.O) Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy, in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already have—but they must also get customers engaged in the process.36. Some companies believe that products’ prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers.37. A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy.38. Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental awareness.39. When companies launch environmental programs, they will have their brand reputation enhanced.40. One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel.41. Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs.42. Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered.43. It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolong their products’ lifespan.44. It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling.45. Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Effective Friday, Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb. 17, 2015. The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry, like Electronic Arts Productions, Insomniac Games, Activision and Disney.The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014. overall, the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns, such as transparency upon hiring talent and on-set (制作中) safety precautions.The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years. The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow. In 2015, gaming produced $23.5 billion in domestic revenue.But SAG-AFTRA says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work. Instead, they receive a fixed rate, which is typically about $825 for a standard four-hour vocal session. So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads, or reaches 2 million subscribers, with a cap at 8 million.“It’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue,” said voice actor Crispin Freeman, who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee. “This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (从事自由职业的) performer, who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects.”Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry. “I can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in, when you’re hired,”says voice actor Keythe Farley, who chairs the SAG-AFTRA negotiating committee.“And yet that happens every day in the video game world,”Farley told reporters during a press conference Friday. “I was a main character in Fallout 4, a character by the name of Kellogg, and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half.”Scott Witlin, the lawyer representing the video game companies, says voice actors “represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game.” So “even though they’re the top craftsmen in their field,”Witlin says, “if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 99.9 percent of the work, that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies.”46. Why did SAG-AFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers?A) The labor contract between them had been violated.B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected.C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks.D) The negotiations between them had broken down.47. What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry?A) It has reaped huge profits in recent years.B) It has become more open and transparent.C) It has attracted many famous voice actors.D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market.48. What are the voice actors demanding?A) More regular employment.B) A non-discriminatory contract.C) Extra pay based on sales revenues.D) A limit on the maximum work hours.49. What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors?A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job.B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry.C) They are not paid on a regular basis.D) They are not employed full-time.50. What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin?A) V oice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen.B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems.C) V oice actors are mere craftsmen, not professional performers.D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management oftraffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don’t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座), comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.And it’s not like this hasn’t happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3,995,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.That’s why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit—Vanguard 1—turned 60 in 2018.Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U.S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.51.What is the purpose of the new U.S. space policy?A)To lay out general guidelines for space exploration.B)To encourage companies to join in space programs.C)To make the best use of satellites in space.D)To improve traffic conditions in space.52.What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy?A)Reduce debris in space.B)Monitor satellite operations.C)Regulate the launching of new satellites.D)Update satellite communications technology.53.What does the U.S. government hope to do with the new space policy?A)Set international standards for the space flight industry.B)Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms.C)Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world.D)Promote international collaboration in space exploration.54.What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices?A)Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space.B)Account for the debris it has released into space at any time.C)Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates.D)Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris.55.What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present?A)Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris.B)Develop technology to address the space debris problem.C)Limit the amount of debris entering space.D)Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。
2018年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题第二套试卷及参考答案
2018 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题 (第 2 套）Part I Writing(30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A). She advocates animal protection.C). She is going to start a cafe chain.2.A). They bear a lot of similarities.C). They cater to different customers.B). She sells a special kind of coffee.D). She is the owner of a special cafe.B). They are a profitable business sector.D). They help take care of customers' pets.3.A). By giving them regular cleaning and injections. B).By selecting breeds that are tame and peaceful. C). Byplacing them at a safe distance from customers.D). By briefing customers on how to get along with them.4.A). They want to learn about rabbits.B). They like to bring in their children.C). They love the animals in her cafe.D). They give her cafe favorite reviews. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A). It contains too many additives.B). It lacks the essential vitamins.C). It can cause obesity.D). It is mostly garbage.6.A). Its fancy design.B). TV commercials.C). Its taste and texture.D). Peer influence.7.A). Investing heavily in the production of sweet foods.B). Marketing their products with ordinary ingredients.C). Trying to trick children into buying their products.D). Offering children more variable to choose from.8.A). They hardly ate vegetables.B). They seldom had junk food.C). They favored chocolate-coated sweets.D). They like the food advertised on TV.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A). Stretches of farmland. C).Tombs of ancient rulers.10.A). It provides habitats for more primitive tribes. B).It is hardly associated with great civilizations. C). Ithas not yet been fully explored and exploited.D). Itgathers water from many tropical rain forests.11.A). It carries about one fifth of the word' fresh water. B).It has numerous human settlements along its banks. C). It is second only to the Mississippi River in width. D). It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined. B). Typical Egyptian animal farms.D). Ruins left by devastating floods.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A). Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.B). We are always in a rush to do various things.C). The search for tranquility has become a trend. D).All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life.13.A). She had trouble balancing family and work.C). She was accustomed to tight schedules.14.A). The possibility of ruining her family.C). The fatigue from living a fast-paced life.15.A). She started to follow the cultural norms.C). She learn to use more polite expressions.B). She enjoyed the various social events. D). She spent all her leisure time writing books.B). Becoming aware of her declining health. D). Reading a book about slowing down. B). She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks. D). She stopped using to-do lists and calendars.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A). They will root out native species altogether.C). They pose a threat to the local ecosystem.17.A). Their classifications are meaningful.C). Their definitions are changeable.18.A). Only a few of them cause problems to native B).They may turn to benefit the local environment C).Few of them can survive in their new habitats.B). They contribute to a region's biodiversity.D). They will crossbreed with native species.B). Their interactions are hard to define. D). Their distinctions are artificial.D). Only 10 percent of them can be naturalized.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A). Respect their traditional culture.C). Research their specific demands.20.A). Showing them your palm.B). Giving them gifts of great value.C). Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month. D).Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence.21.A). They are very easy to satisfy.C). They trend to friendly and enthusiastic.B). Attend their business seminars. D). Adopt the right business strategies.B). They have a strong sense of worth. D). They have a break from 2:00 to 5:30 p.m.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A). He completely changed the company's culture.B). He collected paintings by world-famous artists.C). He took over the sales department of Reader's Digest.D). He had the company’s boardroom extensively renovated.23.A). It should be sold at a reasonable price.B). Its articles should be short and inspiring.C). It should be published in the world's leading languages.D). Its articles should entertain blue-and pink-collar workers.24.A). He knew how to make the magazine profitable.B). He served as a church minster for many years.C). He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life.D). He treated the employees like members of his family.25.A). It carried many more advertisements.B). George Grune joined it as an ad salesman.C). Several hundred of its employees got fired.D). Its subscriptions increased considerably.Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Did Sarah Josepha Hale write “Mary 's Little Lamb,” the eternal nursery rhyme (儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still dispute , but it’s clear that the woman 26 for writing it was one of America 's most fascinating 27 _. In honor of the poem 's publication on May 24，1830，here’s more about the28author 's life.Hale wasn’t just a writer, she was also a 29 social advocate, and she was particularly 30_ with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had “a deep moral influence.” she began a nationwide 31 to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together whilecelebrating the 32 festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents， Hale got it.President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued a 33 setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship of “Mary’s Little Lamb” is disputed.. According to New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only one part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was34by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the35 of her life that “Some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem”.A). campaign B). careerC). characters D). featuresE). fierce F). inspiredG). latter H). obsessedI). proclamation J). rectifiedK). reputed L). restM). supposed N). traditionalO). versatileSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter onGrow Plants Without Water[A].Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we've faced the unpredictable rain that is bothfriend and enemy. It comes and goes without much warning, and a field of lush ( 茂盛的 ) leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigationcommon in more developed places. It has consequences : South Africa's ongoing drought—the worst in three decades— will cost at least a quarter of its com crop this year.[B].Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty ofanswers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. As the earth's climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some places, those answers will grow even more valuable."The type of farming I'm aiming for isliterally so that people can survive as it's going to get more and more dry,"Farrant says.[C].Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. In the rusty red deserts of South Africa, steep-sidedrocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth. The hills are remnants of an earlier geological era, scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements. Yet on these and similar formations in deserts around the world, a few fierce plants have adapted to endure under ever-changing conditions.[D].Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物) . During months without water under a harsh sun.They wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her time-lapse ( 间歇性拍摄的 ) videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plant's death in reverse.[E].The big difference between "drought-tolerant" plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many differentkinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought ; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term "drought tolerant" todescribe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to consume water, so Farrant prefers to call them drought resistant.[F].Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water pergram of dry mass, are different. They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have instead developed the ability to change their metabolism .When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glass-like state that is "the most stable state that the plant can maintain," Farrant says. That slows the plant's metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.[G].What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick? Seeds-almost all of them. At the start of her career,Farrant studied . recalcitrant seeds (执拗性种子) ," such as avocados, coffee and lychee. While tasty, such seeds are delicate--they cannot bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if you've evertried to grow a tree from an avocado pit). In the seed world, that makes them rare, because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons untilconditions are right and they sprout (发芽 ). Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.[H].After completing her Ph. D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible to isolate theproperties that make most seeds so resilient ( 迅速恢复活力的) and transfer them to other plant tissues.What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants' response to dryness. Many of them are the same that regulatehow seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to reproduce them in crops."Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes,"Farrant says."We're looking at gene promoters and what would be their master switch."[I].Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw, they will haveto find the best way to do so in useful crops."I'm trying three methods of breeding,"Farrant says :conventional, genetic modification arid gene editing. She says she is aware that plenty of people do not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works.Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever version prevails :"I'm giving people an option. "[J].Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments, botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to test their ideas for related species. The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome ( 基因图谱) published last year by a Chinese team. Also last year, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa, a tough-as-nail south African plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a genome is on the way. one or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas — so far mostly done in the lab— on test plots.[K].Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop plants do not use dryness defenses already. For instance, there's a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism. It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plant's safety."The yield is never going to be high,"Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cashout of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa."My vision is for the subsistence farmer," Farrant says."I'm targeting crops that are of African value. ".36.There are a couple of plants tough and adaptable enough to survive on bare rocky hills and in deserts.37.Farrant is trying to isolate genes in resurrection plants and reproduce them in crops.38.Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature, especially inconsistent rainfall.39.Resurrection crops are most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers.40.E ven though many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry weather, they cannot survive aprolonged drought.41.Despite consumer resistance, researchers are pushing ahead with genetic modification of crops.42.Most seeds can pull through dry spells and begin growing when conditions are ripe, but once thisprocess starts, it cannot be held back.43.Farrant is working hard to cultivate food crops that call survive extreme dryness by studying thetraits of rare wild plants.44.By adjusting their metabolism, resurrection plants can recover from an extended period of drought.45.Resurrection plants can come back to life in a short time after a rainfall.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centrepassage oneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.It's tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands-based on the number of acquaintances a person might have.Machines aren't limited this way, Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees-then recognize a face it's told to find-with remarkable speed and precision.This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 2lst century.It's also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive databaseof faces- they call it MegaFace- and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they scaled up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different people-and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with what's been used in other research.As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms that were right95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13, 000-image database, for example, were accurateabout 70% of the time when confronted with 1 million images. That's still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman."Much better than we expected, "she said.Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike-either doppelgangers(长相极相似的人),whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom themachine would incorrectly view as separate people."Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting, pose, age, "Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.The trouble is, for many of the researchers who'd like to design systems to address these challenges, massive datasets for experimentation just don't exist--at least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers.Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private. There are no public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFace's creators say it's the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there.“An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in adataset, ”the researchers wrote.46. Compared with human memory, machines can.A)identify human faces more efficientlyB)tell a friend from a mere acquaintanceC)store an unlimited number of human facesD)perceive images invisible to the human eye47.Why did researchers create MegaFace?A)To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition databaseB)To increase the variety of facial-recognition softwareC)To understand computers' problems with facial recognitionD)To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms48.What does the passage say about machine accuracy?A)It falls short of researchers' expectations.B)It improves with added computing power.C)It varies greatly with different algorithms.D)It decreases as the database size increases.49.What is said to be a shortcoming of facial-recognition machines?A)They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances.B)They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressionsC)They are not sensitive to minute changes in people's moodD)They have problems distinguishing people of the same age50.What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines?A)No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human facesB)There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samplerC)There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samplesD) They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.There’re currently 21.5 million students in America, and many will be funding their college on borrowed money. Given that there's now over $1.3 trillion in student loans on the books, it's prettyapproaches $40, 000, and as college becomes ever more expensive, calls to make it "free" are multiplying. Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college, "Costs won't be a barrier. "But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff donated their time, the buildings required no maintenance, and campuses required no utilities. As long as it's impossibleto produce something from nothing costs are absolutely a barrier.The actual question we debate is who should pay for people to go to college. If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldn't they have a say in how their money is used?At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime. If we're going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees, students should only study those subjects that’re of greatest benefit to taxpayers. After all, students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place. We simply don't need more poetry, gender studies, or sociology majors. How do we know which subjects benefit society? Easy.Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have. Certainly, there're benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform. But if we're talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society. And the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.A low wage for elementary school teachers, however, doesn't mean elementary education isn’t important. It simply means there're too many elementary school teachers already.Meanwhile, there're few who're willing and able to perform jobs requiring a petroleum engineering major, so the value of one more of those people is very highSo we can have taxpayers pick up students' tuition in exchange for dictating what those students will study. Or we can allow students both to choose their majors and pay for their education themselves. But in the end ,one of two things is true:Either a college major is worth its cost or it isn't. If yes, taxpayer financing isn't needed If not taxpayer financing isn't desirable. Either way, taxpayers have no business paying for students' college education.51. What does the author think of college students funding their education through loans?A)They only expect to get huge returns.C)They benefit at taxpayers expense.B)They are acting in an irrational way.D)They will regret doing so someday.52. In the author's opinion, free college education is.A) impractical B)unsustainableC)a goal to strive for D) a way to social equality53.What should students do if taxpayers are to bear their college costs?A)Work even harder to repay society.B)Choose their subjects more carefully.C)Choose majors that will serve society's practical need.D)Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.54.What does the author say about the value of a student's college education?A)It is underestimated by profit-seeking employers.B)It is to be proved by what they can do on the job.C)It is well reflected in their average starting salary.55.What message does the author want to convey in the passage?A)Students should think care fully whether to go to collegeB)Taxpayers should only finance the most gifted students.C)The worth of a college education is open to debate.D)College students should fund their own education..Part I Translation(30minutes) Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。
最新1995-2022历年大学英语六级真题及答案(完整版)(免费下载)
1995-2022历年大学英语六级真题及答案(完整版)(免费下载)2022年12月24日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Importance of Reading Classics. Y ou should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要2. 现在愿意阅读经典的人却越来越少，原因是…3. 我们大学生应该怎么做The Importance of Reading ClassicsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Space TourismMake your reservations now. The space tourism industry is officially open for business, and tickets are going for a mere $20 million for a one-week stay in space. Despite reluctance from National Air and Space Administration (NASA)，Russia made American bus inessman Dennis Tito the world’s first space tourist. Tito flew into space aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket that arrived at the International Space Station (ISS) on April 30, 2001. The second space tourist, South African businessman Mark Shuttleworth, took off aboard the Russian Soyuz on April 25, 2022, also bound for the ISS.Lance Bass of ‘N Sync was supposed to be the third to make the $20 million trip, but he did not join the three-man crew as they blasted off on October 30, 2022, due to lack of payment. Probably the most incredible aspect of this proposed space tour was that NASA approved of it.These trips are the beginning of what could be a profitable 21st century industry. There are already several space tourism companies planning to build suborbital vehicles and orbital cities within the next two decades. These companies have invested millions, believing that the space tourism industry is on the verge of taking off.In 1997, NASA published a report concluding that selling trips into space to private citizens could be worth billions of dollars. A Japanese report supports these findings, and projects that space tourism could be a $10 billion per year industry within the next two decades. The only obstacles to opening up space to tourists are the space agencies, who are concerned with safety and the development of a reliable, reusable launch vehicle.Space AccommodationsRussia’s Mir space station was supposed to be the first destination for space tourists. But in March 2001，the Russian Aerospace Agency brought Mir down into the Pacific Ocean. As it turned out, bringing down Mir only temporarily delayed the first tourist trip into space.The Mir crash did cancel plans for a new reality-based game show from NBC, which was going to be called Destination Mir. The Survivor-like TV show was scheduled to air in fall 2001, Participants on the show were to go through training at Ru ssia’s cosmonaut(宇航员) training center, Star City. Each week, one of the participants would be eliminated from the show, with the winner receiving a trip to the Mir space station. The Mir crash has ruled out NBC’s space plans for now. NASA is against beginning space tourism until the International Space Station is completed in 2022.Russia is not alone in its interest in space tourism. There are several projects underway to commercialize space travel. Here are a few of the groups that might take tourists to space:Space Island Group is going to build a ring-shaped, rotating “commercial space infrastructure (根底结构)〞that will resemble the Discovery spacecraft in the movie “2001: A Space Odyssey.〞Space Island says it will build its space city out of empty NASA space-shuttle fuel tanks (to start, it should take around 12 or so), and place it about 400 miles above Earth. The space city will rotate once per minute to create a gravitational pull one-th ird as strong as Earth’s.According to their vision statement. Space Adventures plans to “fly tens of thousand of people in space over the next 10-15 years and beyond, around the moon, and back, from spaceports both on Earth and in space, to and from private space stations, and board dozen of different vehicles...〞Even Hilton Hotels has shown interest in the space tourism industry and possibility of building or co-funding a space hotel. However, the company did say that it believes such a space hotel is 15 to 20 years away.Initially, space tourism will offer simple accommodations at best. For instance, if the International Space Station is used as a tourist attraction, guests won’t find the luxurious surroundings of a hotel room on Earth. It has been designed for conducting research, not entertainment. However, the first generation of space hotels should offer tourists a much more comfortable experience.In regard to a concept for a space hotel initially planned by Space Island, such a hotel could offer guests every convenience they might find at a hotel on Earth, and some they might not. The small gravitational pull created by the rotating space city would allow space-tourists and residents to walk around and function facilities would be possible. Additionally, space tourists would even be able to take space walks.Many of these companies believe that they have to offer an extremely enjoyable experience in order for passengers to pay thousands, if not millions, of dollars to ride into space. So will space create another separation between the haves and have-nots?Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) B) C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此局部试题请在答题卡2上作答。
6月大学英语六级真题及答案CET
6月大学英语六级真题及答案CET20XX年6月大学英语六级真题及答案CET-6Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of a Name. you should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 有人说名字或名称很重要2. 也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要3. 我认为On the Importance of a NamePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A．, B．, C．and D．. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Helicopter Moms vs. Free-Range KidsWould you let your fourth-grader ride public transportation without an adult? Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for the NewYork Sun, wrote about letting her son take the subway alone to get back to “Long story short :my son got home from a department store on the Upper East Side, she didn’t expect to get hit with a wave of criticism from readers.“Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed with independence,” Skenazy wrote on April 4 in the New York Sun. “Long story longer: Half the people I’ve told this episode to now want to turn on in for child abuse. As if keeping kids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way to rear kids. It’s not. It’s debilitating (使虚弱)―for us and for them.” Online message boards were soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy’s decision to l et her son go it alone. She wound updefending herself on CNN (accompanied by her son) and on popular blogs like the buffing ton post, where her follow-up piece was ironically headlined “More From America’s Worst Mom.”The episode has ignited another one of those debates that divides parents into vocal opposing camps. Are Modern parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more complicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised?From the “she’s an irresponsible mother” camp came: “Shame on you for being so careless about his safety,” in Comments on the buffing ton post. And20XX年6月大学英语六级真题及答案CET-6there was this from a mother of four: “How would you have felt if he didn’t come home?” But Skenazy got a lot of support, too, with women and men writing in with stories about how they were allowed to take trips all by them selves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praise for bucking the “helicopter parent” trend: “Good for this Mom,” one commenter wrote on the buffing ton post. “This is a much-needed reality check.”Last week, encouraged by all the attention, Skenazy started her ownblog―Free Range, kids―promoting the idea that modern children need some of the same independence that her generation had. In the good old daysnine-year-old baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked to the store, took buses―and even subways―all by themselves. Her blog, she says, is dedicated to sensible parenting. “At Free Rang e Kids, we believe in safe kids. We believe in car seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that every time school-age children go outside, they need a security guard.”So why are some parents so nervous about letting their children out of their sight? Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations?Not exactly. New York City, for instance, is safer than it’s ever been; it’s ranked 36th in crime among all A merican cities. Nationwide, stringer kidnaps are extremely rare; there’s a one-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to the Justice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are committed by someone the child knows. Mortality rates from all causes, including disease and accidents, for American children are lower now than they were 25 years’ ago. According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research group, between 1980 and 20XX年death rates dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to 14 and 32 percent for teens aged 15 to 19.Then there’s the whole question of whether modern parents are more watchful and nervous about safety than previous generations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem is that with wall to wall Internet and cable news, every missing child case gets so much airtime that it’s not surprising even normal parental anxietycan be amplified. And many middle-class parents have gotten used to managing their children’s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the idea of letting them out on their own can seem like a risk. Back in 1972, when many of today’s parents were kids, 87 percent of children who lived within a mile of school walked or biked every day. But today, the Centers for Disease Control report that only 13 percent of children bike, walk or otherwise t themselves to school.The extra supervision is both a city and a suburb phenomenon. Parents are20XX年6月大学英语六级真题及答案CET-6worried about crime, and they are worried about kids getting caught in traffic in a city that’s not used to pedestrians. On the other hand, there are still plenty of kids whose parents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. The After School Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only 6.5 million kids participate in organized programs. “Many children who have working parents have to take the subway or bus to get to school. Many do this by themselves because they have no other way to get to the schools,” says Dr. RichardGallagher, director of the Parenting Institute at the New York University Child Study Center.For those parents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids more freedom, there’s no clear-cut answer. Child experts discourage a one-size-fits-all approach to parenting. What’s right for Skenazy’snine-year-old could be inappropriate for another one. It all depends ondevelopmental issue, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. “The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child’s level of comfort in handling such situations, and a child’s general judgment should be weighed.”Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nine-year-olds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. “At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children,especially if they have grown up in the city and have been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes.”But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modern parents do have one a dvantage their parents didn’t: the cell phone. Being able to check in with a child anytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parents loosen their control a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism because she didn’t give h er kid her cell phone because she thought he’d lose it and wanted him to learn to go it alone without depending on mom―a major principle of free-range parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cell phones to keep track of their kids.And for those who like the idea of free-range kids but still struggle with their inner helicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of GPS cell phones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child’s every movement via the I nternet―without seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go to college, they might start objecting to being monitored as they’re on parole (假释).20XX年6月大学英语六级真题及答案CET-6注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1998年6月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案
1998年6月大学英语六级CET6真题及答案part i listening prehension (20 minutes)section adirections: in this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. at the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. after each question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four choices marked a), b), c) and d), and decide which is the best answer. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.example: you will hear:you will read:a) 2 hours.b) 3 hours.c) 4 hours.d) 5 hours.from the conversation we know that the two were talkingabout some work they will start at 9 o“clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. therefore, d) "5 hours" is the correct answer. you should choose [d] on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.sample answer [a] [b] [c] [d]1. a) he thinks that there won"t be enough seats for everybody.b) he thinks that the speaker won"t show up.c) he thinks the seminar won"t be open to the public.d) he thinks that there might not be any more tickets available.2. a) their father is unable to keep his promise.b) their father is going on a vacation without her.c) their father isn"t telling her the truth.d) their father doesn"t want to travel abroad.3. a) john didn"t pass, although he had tried his best.b) john did better than he thought he was able to.c) john got an excellent score, which was unexpected.d) john was disappointed at his math score.4. a) the roof of the woman"s house needs to be repaired.b) the roof of the man"s house has several bad leaks.c) the woman"s bathroom was badly damaged.d) the man works for a roofing pany.5. a) mr. smith will be replaced if he makes another mistake.b) mr. smith is an admirable chief of the asian department.c) mr. smith"s department is more successful than all the others.d) mr. smith is seldom in his office.6. a) she doesn"t have a fax machine.b) she may quit her present job soon.c) she is tired of her present job.d) her phone number has changed.7. a) someone has taken away her luggage.b) her flight is 50 minutes late.c) her luggage has been delayed.d) she can"t find the man she"s been waiting for.8. a) to do whatever the mittee asks him to.b) to make decisions in agreement with the mittee.c) to run the mittee his way.d) to make himself the mittee chairman.9. a) the woman found the mail box empty.b) the man is waiting for some important mail.c) the man has just sent out his application.d) the woman will write a postcard to her daughter.10. a) read the operation manual.b) try the buttons one by one.c) ask the shop assistant for advice.d) make the machine run slowly.section bdirections: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.passage onequestion 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. a) they were drawing pictures.b) they were watching tv.c) they were making a telephone call.d) they were tidying up the drawing room.12. a) they locked the couple up in the drawing room.b) they seriously injured the owners of the house.c) they smashed the tv set and the telephone.d) they took away sixteen valuable paintings.13. a) he accused them of the theft.b) he raised the rents.c) he refused to prolong their land lease.d) he forced them to abandon their traditions.14. a) they wanted to protect the farmers" interests.b) they wanted to extend the reservation area for birds.c) they wanted to steal his valuable paintings.d) they wanted to drive him away from the island.passage twoquestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. a) thought food.b) through air.c) through insects.d) through body fluids.16. a) they ran a high fever.。
英语六级考试CET-6真题+参考答案（3套）
英语六级考试CET-6真题+参考答案（3套）2013年12⽉⼤学英语六级考试真题(第1套）Part IDWriting(30 minutes)(请⼲正式开考后半⼩时内完成该部分，之后将迸⾏听⼒考试）Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on happiness by referring to the saying “Happiness is not the absence of problems, but the ability to deal with them.，，You can cite examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can develop your ability to deal with problems and be happy. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:/n this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Ans^wer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2007年6月全国大学英语六级考试(CET-6)真题及答案解析(A卷)
2007年6月23日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.有人做好事期望得到回报；2.有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；3.我的观点。
Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-4, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Seven Steps to a More Fulfilling JobMany people today find themselves in unfulfilling work situations. In fact, one in four workers is dissatisfied with their current job, according to the recent “Plans for 2004” survey. Their career path may be financially rewarding, but it doesn’t meet their emotional, social or creative needs. They’re stuck, unhappy, and have no idea what to do about it, except move to another job.Mary Lyn Miller, veteran career consultant and founder of the Life and Career Clinic, says that when most people are unhappy about their work, their first thought is to get a different job. Instead, Miller suggests looking at the possibility of a different life. Through her book, 8 Myths of Making a Living, as well as workshops, seminars and personal coaching and consulting, she has helped thousands of dissatisfied workers reassess life and work.Like the way of Zen, which includes understanding of oneself as one really is, Miller encourages job seekers and those dissatisfied with work or life to examine their beliefs about work and recognize that “in many cases your beliefs are what brought you to where you are today.”You may have been raised to think that women were best at nurturing and caring and, therefore, should be teachers and nurses. So that’s what you did. Or, perhaps you were brought up to believe that you should do what your father did, so you have taken over the family business, or become a dentist “just like dad.” If this sounds familiar, it’s probably time to look at the new possibilities for your future.Miller developed a 7-step process to help potential job seekers assess their current situation and beliefs, identify their real passion, and start on a journey that allows them to pursue their passion through work.Step 1: Willingness to do something different.Breaking the cycle of doing what you have always done is one of the most difficult tasks for job seekers. Many find it difficult to steer away from a career path or make a change, even if it doesn’t feel right. Miller urges job seekers to open their minds to other possibilities beyond what they are currently doing.Step 2: Commitment to being who you are, not who or what someone wants you to be.Look at the \gifts and talents you have and make a commitment to pursue those things that you love most. If you love the social aspects of your job, but are stuck inside an office or “chained to your desk” most of the time, vow to follow your instinct and investigate alternative careers and work that allow you more time to interact with others. Dawnworked as a manager for a large retail clothing store for several years. Though she had advanced within the company, she felt frustrated and longed to be involved with nature and the outdoors. She decided to go to school nights and weekends to pursue her true passion by earning her master’s degree in forestry. She now works in the biotech forestry division of a major paper company.Step 3: Self-definitionMiller suggests that once job seekers know who they are, they need to know how to sell themselves. “In the job market, you are a product. And just like a product, you most know the features and benefits that you have to offer a potential client, or employer.” Examine the skills and knowledge that you have identify how they can apply to your desired occupation. Your qualities will exhibit to employers why they should hire you over other candidates.Step 4: Attain a level of self-honoring.Self-honoring or self-love may seem like an odd step for job hunters, but being able to accept yourself, without judgment, helps eliminate insecurities and will make you more self-assured. By accepting who you are – all your emotions, hopes and dreams, your personality, and your unique way of being – you’ll project more confidence when networking and talking with potential employers. The power of self-honoring can help to break all the falsehoods you were programmed tobelieve – those that made you feel that you were not good enough, or strong enough, or intelligent enough to do what you truly desire.Step 5: Vision.Miller suggests that job seekers develop a vision that embraces the answer to “What do I really want to do?” one should create a solid statement in a dozen or so sentences that describe in detail how they see their life related to work. For instance, the secretary who longs to be an actress describes a life that allows her to express her love of Shakespeare on stage. A real estate agent, attracted to his current job because her loves fixing up old homes, describes buying properties that need a little tender loving care to make them more saleable.Step 6: Appropriate risk.Some philosophers believe that the way to enlightenment comes through facing obstacles and difficulties. Once people discover their passion, many are too scared to do anything about it. Instead, they do nothing. With this step, job seekers should assess what they are willing to give up, or risk, in pursuit of their dream. For one working mom, that meant taking night classes to learn new computer-aided design skills, while still earning a salary and keeping her day job. For someone else, it may mean quitting his or her job, taking out loan and going back to school full time. You’ll move one step closer to your ideal work life if you identify how much risk you are willing to take and the sacrificesyou are willing to make.Step 7: Action.Some teachers of philosophy describe action in this way, “If one wants to get to the top of a mountain, just sitting at the foot thinking about it will not bring one there. It is by making the effort of climbing up the mountain, step by step, that eventually the summit is reached.” All too often, it is the lack of action that ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals. Creating a plan and taking it one step at a time can lead to new and different job opportunities. Job-hunting tasks gain added meaning as you sense their importance in your quest for a more meaningful work life. The plan can include researching industries and occupations, talking to people who are in your desired area of work, taking classes, or accepting volunteer work in your targeted field.Each of these steps will lead you on a journey to a happier and more rewarding work life. After all, it is the journey, not the destination, that is most important.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1995年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷及参考答案
1995年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷及参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A1. A) Enjoyable.B) Inspiring.C) Moving.D) Dull.2. A) It will take about one month to repair the watch.B) The woman should have saved more money.C) It is a good idea to keep the old watch.D) The watch is no longer worth repairing.3. A) Arguing.B) Protesting.C) Complaining.D) Bargaining.4. A) Families with cars.B) American’s heavy dependence on cars.C) Roads and highways.D) Traffic problems in America.5. A) The apples and pears might not be so good.B) The apples are not as good as the pears.C) The apples and pears are very good.D) The apples and pears are as good as they look.6. A) Her teaching assistant would grade the exam papers.B) She would collect the exam papers herself.C) She would mark the exam papers herself.D) She would not give her students an exam.7. A) She could help him with the problems.B) He should go out for while.C) She could go out together with him.D) He should do the problems himself.8. A) Customer and salesman.B) Colleagues.C) Employee and boss.D) Classmates.9. A) The first house they saw is too expensive.B) They may save some money for the time being.C) She is happy with the price set by the seller.D) Less money will be spent in maintaining the house.10. A) It was probably Mr. Brown’s phone number that the woman wrote down.B) It was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown.C) The woman forgot to write down the phone number.D) The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Because they were driven by steam power.B) Because they did the work that animals used to do.C) Because they pulled cars full of coal.D) Because they were made of iron.12. A) He wanted the railroad to be successful.B) He wanted to have a more powerful steam engine.C) He wanted to own the land near the railroad.D) He wanted to build his own railroads.13. A) Because the train could not run as fast as the horse.B) Because the engine failed to build up steam.C) Because the engine broke down and the train stopped.D) Because the engine broke into several parts.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) Love.B) Conflict.C) Violence.D) Mystery.15. A) The main character remains the same.B) The main character dies in the end.C) The main character gains his ends.D) The main character undergoes a change.16. A) We can learn how bad persons can improve themselves.B) We can learn how to deal with people.C) We can understand life a little better.D) We can find better ways to cope with conflicts.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 24 are based on the following passage.17. A) Because both have a limited supply of air, water, and other resources.B) Because the Earth moves around the sun as fast as spaceship.C) Because we can travel to outer space.D) Because the Earth never stops moving.18. A) About 80 miles per second.B) About 70 miles per second.C) About 18 miles per second.D) About 17 miles per second.19. A) Because the Earth is heavily polluted.B) Because nature cannot recycle its resources.C) Because there are more and more people living on the Earth.D) Because no more new resources can be added.20. A) Nature has changed our environment over the years.B) We must avoid wasting resources and polluting our environment.C) Our resources are nearly used up.D) Trips to other planets will help eliminate pollution.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society. It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already we’re partly there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or more in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part-time jobs. More people are self-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation can’t be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers—all these are being challenged.We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip (集成块), would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrow’s achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth. Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the way you do your job.21. A characteristic of the information age is that ________.A) the service industry is relying more and more on the female work forceB) manufacturing industries are steadily increasingC) people find it harder and harder to earn a living by working in factoriesD) most of the job opportunities can now be found in the service industry22. One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that ________.A) the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificantB) people’s traditional concepts about work no longer hold trueC) most people have to take part-time jobsD) people have to change their jobs from time to time23. By referring to computers and other inventions, the author means to say that________.A) people should be able to respond quickly to the advancement of technologyB) future achievements in technology will bring about inconceivable dramaticchangesC) the importance of high technology has been overlookedD) computer science will play a leading role in the future information services24. The future will probably belong to those who ________.A) possess and know how to make use of informationB) give full play to their brain potentialC) involve themselves in service industriesD) cast their minds ahead instead of looking back25. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A) Computers and the Knowledge SocietyB) Service Industries in Modern SocietyC) Features and Implications of the New EraD) Rapid Advancement of Information TechnologyQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants (被告). But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine (女性的) and an attractive man more masculine (男性的) than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine” qualities required.This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Ann Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.26. The word “liability” (Para. 1. Line 4) most probably means “________”.A) misfortuneB) instabilityC) disadvantageD) burden27. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness ________.A) reinforces the feminine qualities requiredB) makes women look more honest and capableC) is of primary importance to womenD) often enables women to succeed quickly28. Bowman’s experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness________.A) turns out to be an obstacleB) affects men and women alikeC) has as little effect on men as on womenD) is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women29. It can be inferred from the passage that people’s views on beauty are often________.A) practicalB) prejudicedC) old-fashionedD) radical30. The author writes this passage to ________.A) discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveB) give advice to job-seekers who are attractiveC) demand equal rights for womenD) emphasize the importance of appearanceQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to” material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical (经验的) aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis (诊断) and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.31. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________.A) generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern forwriters on journalismB) importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalisticinterviewingC) concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalisticinterviewingD) personal experience and general impression should be excluded fromjournalistic interviews32. Much research has been done on interviews in general ________.A) so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthenedB) though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn’t received much attentionC) but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglectedD) and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalisticinterviewing33. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, ________.A) but most of them wish to stay away from itB) and many of them hope to be interviewed some dayC) and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of itD) but most of them may not have been interviewed in person34. Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?A) The patient.B) The physician.C) The journalist.D) The psychologist.35. The text is most likely a part of a ________.A) news articleB) journalistic interviewC) research reportD) prefaceQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The relationship between the home and market economies has gone through two distinct stages. Early industrialization began the process of transferring some production processes (e.g. clothmaking, sewing and canning foods) from the home to the marketplace. Although the home economy could still produce these goods, the processes were laborious (费力的) and the market economy was usually more efficient. Soon, the more important second stage was evident-the marketplace began producing goods and services that had never been produced by the home economy, and the home economy was unable to produce them (e.g. Electricity and electrical appliances, the automobile, advanced education, sophisticated medical care). In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace. The traditional ways of taking care of these needs in the home, such as in nursing the sick, became socially unacceptable (and, in most serious cases, probably less successful).Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse-drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television changed the radio from a source of entertainment to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market. Growth brought with it increased variety in consumer goods, but not increased flexibility for the home economy in obtaining these goods and services. Instead, economic growth brought with it increased consumer reliance on the marketplace. In order to consume these new goods and services, the family had to enter the marketplace as wage earners and consumers. The neoclassical (新古典主义的) model that views the family as deciding whether to produce goods and services directly or to purchase them in the marketplace is basically a model of the first stage. It cannot accurately be applied to the second (and current) stage.36. The reason why many production processes were taken over by the marketplacewas that ________.A) it was a necessary step in the process of industrializationB) they depended on electricity available only to the market economyC) it was troublesome to produce such goods in the homeD) the marketplace was more efficient with respect to these processes37. It can be seen from the passage that in the second stage ________.A) some traditional goods and services were not successful when provided by thehome economyB) the market economy provided new goods and services never produced by thehome economyC) producing traditional goods at home became socially unacceptableD) whether new goods and services were produced by the home economy becameirrelevant38. During the second stage, if the family wanted to consume new goods and services,they had to enter the marketplace ________.A) as wage earnersB) both as manufactures and consumersC) both as workers and purchasersD) as customers39. Economic growth did not make it more flexible for the home economy to obtain thenew goods and services because ________.A) the family was not efficient in productionB) it was illegal for the home economy to produce themC) it could not supply them by itselfD) the market for these goods and services was limited40. The neoclassical model is basically a model of the first stage, because at this stage________.A) the family could rely either on the home economy or on the marketplace for theneeded goods and servicesB) many production processes were being transferred to the marketplaceC) consumers relied more and more on the market economyD) the family could decide how to transfer production processes to the marketplacePart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. Sometimes, very young children have trouble ________ fact from fiction and maybelieve that such things actually exist.A) for separatingB) to separateC) having separatedD) separating42. The second book was ________ by August 1952, but two years later, the end wasstill nowhere in sight.A) completedB) to have completedC) to completeD) to have been completed43. Whatever the causes, English at the end of the 20th century is more widely spokenand written than any other language ________.A) ever wasB) had ever beenC) has ever beenD) would ever be44. In this experiment, they are wakened several times during the night and asked toreport what they ________.A) had just been dreamingB) have just been dreamingC) are just dreamingD) had just dreamt45. It is of the utmost importance that you ________ here on time.A) beB) shall beC) are to beD) must be46. He might have been killed ________ the arrival of the police.A) except forB) but forC) withD) for47. These figures are not consistent ________ the results obtained in previousexperiments.A) toB) withC) forD) in48. The animal has a brain which is nearest ________.A) in man’s sizeB) in size to manC) in size to man’sD) to the size in man49. The problem of ________ to select as his successor was quickly disposed of.A) whatB) whomC) whichD) how50. Britain’s press is unusual ________ it is divided into two very different types ofnewspaper: the quality press and the popular press.A) in howB) in whatC) in whichD) in that51. Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis onpressure ________.A) than more on efficiencyB) and more efficiencyC) and more on efficiencyD) than efficiency52. He often sat in small bar drinking considerable more than ________.A) he was in good healthB) his health was goodC) his good health wasD) was good for his health53. All the parts of this washing machine are ________, so that it is very convenient toreplace them.A) normalizedB) modernizedC) mechanizedD) standardized54. I was ________ by their kindness and moved to tears.A) preoccupiedB) embarrassedC) overwhelmedD) counseled55. In many cultures people who were thought to have the ability to ________ dreamswere likely to be highly respected.A) interpretB) interveneC) inheritD) impart56. The person who ________ this type of research deserves our praise.A) originatedB) manufacturedC) generatedD) estimated57. All students in this university are requested to ________ with the regulations.A) yieldB) complyC) submitD) consent58. My boss has always attended to the ________ of important business himself.A) transactionB) stimulationC) transitionD) solution59. When he applied for a ________ in the office of the local newspaper he was told tosee the manager.A) locationB) professionC) careerD) position60. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animaldepends mainly on ________.A) consciousnessB) impulseC) instinctD) response61. There’s a whole ________ of bills waiting to be paid.A) stockB) stackC) numberD) sequence62. To be an inventor, one needs profound knowledge as well as a very ________imagination.A) vividB) brightC) livingD) colorful63. In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, ________ schooling begins atage 5 and ends at age 16.A) compellingB) forcedC) obligedD) compulsory64. It is a common theme in many science fiction stories that the world may one day be________ by insects.A) broken inB) run overC) taken overD) filled in65. A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is________ conditions or events.A) in response toB) in favour ofC) in contrast toD) in excess of66. David likes country life and has decided to ________ farming.A) get along withB) go back onC) get hold ofD) go in for67. We are ________ faced with the necessity to recognize that having more peopleimplies a lower standard of living.A) readilyB) smoothlyC) inevitablyD) deliberately68. Some people criticize family doctors for ________ too many medicines for minorillnesses.A) prescribingB) orderingC) advisingD) delivering69. Communication is the process of ________ a message from a source to an audiencevia a channel.A) transmittingB) submittingC) transformingD) switching70. Dogs are often praised for their ________; they almost never abandon their masters.A) faithB) loyaltyC) trustD) truthfulnessPart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word,add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the correctionsin the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write thecorrect word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put aninsertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in theblank. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank. Example:╱. 1. time/times/period Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods╱ used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______ Many of the arguments havinga school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. ______the______If indeed silence is golden, it is also becoming as rare as gold. It seems that the progresses of man includes a rising volume of noise. (71) In every home a stereo or television will fill the rooms sound, between (72) sunrise and sunset, streets and highways are a constant source of voice from cars, buses, and trucks. You can pass any factory or (73) construction area and the roar of their machinery will make your ears (74) ringing. Music is played in every supermarket, most restaurants, and (75) many offices, big cities of the world are well-known by their noisiness. (76)Noise pollution is the new side effect of our technological age. Day or night, the sound of the work fills the air. It seems (77) that the smoothing effects of silence are nowhere to be found.Even the quiet of our careful protected wilderness areas can be (78) invaded at any moment by a passed jet. (79)We are learning, finally, that silence is a natural resource and must be protected bylaw. It appears that we all find company in sound, if we all demand a little quiet from time to time. (80)Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Should Firecrackers Be Banned? You should write no less than 120words and you should base your composition on the outline (given inChinese) below:1. 有人认为放鞭炮是好事，为什么?2. 有人认为放鞭炮是坏事，为什么?3. 我的看法。
1991年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷及参考答案
1991年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷及参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A1. A) She wants to return the skirt her husband bought.B) She wants to buy another skirt.C) She wants to change the blue skirt for a yellow one.D) She wants to change the yellow skirt for a blue one.2. A) It’s too expensive.B) It isn’t needed.C) It should be built.D) A college would be better.3. A) Jack’s car was stolen.B) Jack sold his car.C) Jack bought a new car.D) Jack had a car accident.4. A) Some people pretend to know what they really don’t.B) What the woman said is true.C) What the woman said is wrong.D) He knows more than the woman does.5. A) The woman’s job is a librarian.B) Women’s rights in society.C) An important election.D) Career planning.6. A) She thinks it is easier said than done.B) She totally agrees with him.C) She feels that what he says is simply nonsense.D) She thinks that he is rather impolite person.7. A) To clean the yard.B) To weed the garden.C) To hire a gardener.D) To work in the flower beds.8. A) On the 6th of June.B) On the 8th of June.C) On the 9th of June.D) On the 19th of June.9. A) The man thinks the woman is wasting her time.B) The man thinks the woman should make full use of her time.C) The man is eager to know the woman’s answer.D) The man can wait and there is no need for her to hurry.10. A) To run into each other.B) To get bargains.C) To avoid the crowds.D) To join the crowds.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Because of their love for hobbies and pastimes.B) Because of their enthusiasm for sports.C) Because of their fear of heart attacks.D) Because of their strong desire for good health.12. A) It was decreasing.B) It was increasing.C) It remained almost unchanged.D) It was going up slowly.13. A) Those who have heart attacks.B) Those who have the desire to be physically fit.C) Those who have spare time.D) Those who have inactive jobs.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) In the white pages.B) In the blue pages.C) In the yellow pages.D) In a special section.15. A) On the first page of the telephone book.B) At the end of the telephone book.C) In the front of the white pages.D) Right after the white pages.16. A) Check your number and call again.B) Tell the operator what has happened.C) Ask the operator to put you through.D) Ask the operator what has happened.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) Its specialization in transporting small packages.B) The low cost of its service.C) Being the first airline to send urgent letters.D) Its modern sorting facilities.18. A) 10,000.B) 35.C) 130.D) 30.19. A) Because of its good airport facilities.B) Because of its location in the country.C) Because of its size.D) Because of its round-the-clock service.20. A) Its full-time staff.B) The postmen who work in Memphis.C) Students who work in their spare time.D) The staff members of the International Airport.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are possessive and dominant that they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they talk too much about certain problems and that they have no sense of humour, at least in parent-child relationships.I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenage children and also forget how they themselves felt when young.Young people often irritate their parents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste.Sometimes you are resistant, and proud because you do not want your parents to approve of what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are assuming that you are the underdog: you can’t win but at least you can keep your honour. This is a passive way of looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of childhood, when you were completely under your parents’ control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself.If you plan to control your life, co-operation can be part of that plan. You can charm others, especially parents, into doing things the ways you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do.21. The author is primarily addressing ________.A) parents of teenagersB) newspaper readersC) those who give advice to teenagersD) teenagers22. The first paragraph is mainly about ________.A) the teenagers’ criticism of their parentsB) misunderstandings between teenagers and their parentsC) the dominance of the parents over their childrenD) the teenagers’ ability to deal with crises23. Teenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyles because they ________.A) want to show their existence by creating a culture of their ownB) have a strong desire to be leaders in style and tasteC) have no other way to enjoy themselves betterD) want to irritate their parents24. Teenagers do not want their parents to approve of whatever they do because they________.A) have already been accepted into the adult worldB) feel that they are superior in a small way to the adultsC) are not likely to win over the adultsD) have a desire to be independent25. To improve parent-child relationships, teenagers are advised to be ________.A) obedientB) responsibleC) co-operativeD) independentQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The long years of food shortage in this country have suddenly given way to apparent abundance. Stores and shops are choked with food.Rationing (定量供应) is virtually suspended, and overseas suppliers have been asked to hold back deliveries. Yet, instead of joy, there is widespread uneasiness and confusion. Why do food prices keep on rising, when there seems to be so much more food about? Is the abundance only temporary, or has it come to stay? Does it mean that we need to think less now about producing more food at home? No one knows what to expect.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly been unexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests. North America is now being followed by a third. Most of Britain’s overseas suppliers of meat, too, are offering more this year and home production has also risen.But the effect of all this on the food situation in this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.Moreover, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety. And now grain prices, too, are falling. Consumers are beginning to ask why they should not be enabled to benefit from this trend.The significance of these developments is not lost on farmers. The older generation have seen it all happen before. Despite the present price and market guarantees, farmers fear they are about to be squeezed between cheap food imports and a shrinking home market. Present production is running at 51 per cent above pre-war levels, and the government has called for an expansion to 60 per cent by 1956; but repeated Ministerial advice is carrying little weight and the expansion programme is not working very well.26. Why is there “wide-spread uneasiness and confusion about the food situation inBritain?”A) The abundant food supply is not expected to last.B) Britain is importing less food.C) Despite the abundance, food prices keep rising.D) Britain will cut back on its production of food.27. The main reason for the rise in food prices is that ________.A) people are buying less foodB) the government is providing less financial support for agricultureC) domestic food production has decreasedD) imported food is driving prices higher28. Why didn’t the government’s expansion programme work very well?A) Because the farmers were uncertain about the financial support the governmentguaranteed.B) Because the farmers were uncertain about the benefits of expanding production.C) Because the farmers were uncertain about whether foreign markets could befound for their produce.D) Because the older generation of farmers were strongly against the programmer.29. The decrease in world food price was a result of ________.A) a sharp fall in the purchasing power of the consumersB) a sharp fall in the cost of food productionC) the overproduction of food in the food-importing countriesD) the overproduction on the part of the main food-exporting countries30. What did the future look like for Britain’s food production at the time this articlewas written?A) The fall in world food prices would benefit British food producers.B) An expansion of food production was at hand.C) British food producers would receive more government financial support.D) It looks depressing despite government guarantees.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you don’t, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illumination piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动) to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we can’t think up, ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.31. According to the author, really good science ________.A) would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century EnlightenmentB) will produce results which cannot be foreseenC) will help people to make the right choice in advanceD) will bring about disturbing results32. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century ________.A) thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of scienceB) were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific researchC) knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about natureD) did more harm than good in promoting man’s understanding of nature33. Which of the following statements is NOT true of scientists in earlier times?A) They invented false theories to explain things they didn’t understand.B) They falsely claimed to know all about nature.C) They did not believe in results from scientific observation.D) They paid little attention to the problems they didn’t understand.34. What is the author’s attitude towards science?A) He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists.B) He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties confronting it.C) He is confident though he is aware of the enormous difficulties confronting it.D) He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings.35. The author believes that ________.A) man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think upB) man can not solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits ofhuman intellectC) sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answerthemD) questions concerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific researchD Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present, it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of greenspaces in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of greenspace facilities.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasantwalk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.36. According to the author, the importance of greenspaces in the urban environment________.A) is still unknownB) is usually neglectedC) is being closely studiedD) has been fully recognized37. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to________.A) the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighbourhoodB) the location of recreation facilities far from homeC) relatively little attention for recreative possibilitiesD) the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighbourhood38. The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of green space should beprovided ________.A) in special areasB) in the suburbsC) in the neighbourhood of the houseD) in gardens and parks39. According to the author, greenspace facilities should be designed in such a way that________.A) more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspectB) more and more people might have access to themC) an increasing number of recreative activities might be developedD) recreative activities might be brought into our homes40. The main idea of this passage is that ________.A) better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality ofour lifeB) attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilitiesC) the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did manyyears agoD) priority must be given to the development of obligatory activitiesPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. Tom ________ better than to ask Dick for help.A) shall knowB) shouldn’t knowC) has knownD) should have known42. The magician picked several persons ________ from the audience and asked themto help him with the performance.A) by accidentB) at randomC) on occasionD) on average43. Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions, ________ have beenmentioned in previous pages.A) a few of itB) a few of thatC) a few of themD) a few of which44. They’ll have you ________ if you don’t pay your taxes.A) to be arrestedB) arrestC) arrestedD) being arrested45. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ________ me thatevening.A) had interruptedB) would have interruptedC) to have interruptedD) to interrupted46. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of ________standards.A) equivalentB) alikeC) uniformD) likely47. ________ for your help, we’d never have been able to get over the difficulties.A) Had it notB) If it were notC) Had it not beenD) If we had not been48. Some people either ________ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutralabout them.A) violentlyB) enthusiasticallyC) sincerely yoursD) deliberately49. There is no easy solution to Japan’s labour ________.A) declineB) vacancyC) rarityD) shortage50. I’m sure your suggestion will ________ the problem.A) contribute to solvingB) contribute to solveC) be contributed to solveD) be contributed to solving51. I left for the office earlier than usual this morning ________ traffic jam.A) in line withB) for the sake ofC) in case ofD) at the risk of52. Some areas, ________ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.A) due toC) but forD) with regard to53. The new washing machines are ________ at the rate of fifty a day.A) turned upB) turned downC) turned outD) turned in54. On turning the corner, we saw the road ________ steeply.A) departingB) descendingC) decreasingD) depressing55. The managing director took the ________ for the accident, although it was notreally his fault.A) guiltB) blameC) chargeD) accusation56. Once they had fame, fortune, secure futures; ________ is utter poverty.A) now that all is leftB) now all that is leftC) now all which is leftD) now all what is left57. The shop-assistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of ________quality he’d tell them so.A) humbleB) inferiorC) minorD) awkward58. His tastes and habits ________ with those of his wife.A) combineC) coincideD) compromise59. The branches could hardly ________ the weight of the fruit.A) retainB) sustainC) maintainD) remain60. With all its advantages, the computer is by no means without its ________.A) boundariesB) restraintsC) confinementsD) limitations61. Visitors are asked to ________ with the regulations.A) contrastB) consultC) complyD) conflict62. He ________ so much work that he couldn’t really do it efficiently.A) put onB) turned onC) brought onD) took on63. ________ should any money be given to a small child.A) On no accountB) From all accountsC) Of no accountD) By all accounts64. Without facts, we cannot form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factualknowledge ________ our thinking.A) which to be based onB) which to base uponC) upon which to baseD) to which to be based65. ________ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed onconstruction sites by 90 percent.A) so clever are the construction robotsB) so clever the construction robots areC) such construction robots are cleverD) such clever construction robots are66. All flights ________ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.A) having canceledB) having been canceledC) were canceledD) have been canceled67. The microscope can ________ the object 100 times in diameter.A) magnifyB) increaseC) developD) multiply68. Language belongs to each one of us, to the flower-seller ________ to the professor.A) as much asB) as far asC) the same asD) as long as69. We ________ Edison’s success to his intelligence and hard work.A) subjectB) attributeC) oweD) refer70. She once again went through her composition carefully to ________ all spellingmistakes from it.A) withdrawB) diminishC) abandonD) eliminatePart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word,add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the correctionsin the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write thecorrect word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put aninsertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in theblank. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank. Example:╱. 1. time/times/period Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods╱ used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______ Many of the arguments havinga school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. ______the______Traditionally, the American farmer has always been independent and hard-working. In the eighteenth century farmers were quite self-sufficient. The farm family grew and made almost nothing it needed. The surplus crop (71) would be sold to buy a few items in the local general store.In 1860, because some of the farm population had (72) moved to the city, yet eighty percent of the American population was still in the country. In the late nineteen century, farm work and life were not much changed from that they had been in the old days. The farmer aroused at (74) dawn or before and had much work to do, with his own muscles like his chief source of power. He used axes, (76) spades and other complicated tools. In his house cooking (77) was done in wood-burning stoves, and the kerosene lamp was the only improvement on the candle. The family’s recreation and social life chiefly consisted a drive in the (78) wagon to the nearby small town or village to transact some business as well as to chat with neighbors who had also come to town. The children attended a small elementary school (often of just one room) to that they had to walk (79) every day, possibly for a few miles. The school term was short so that the children could not help on the farm. (80)Although the whole family worked, and life was not easy, farmers as a class were self-reliant and independent.Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition write a composition based on the graph below.Outline:1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accident as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.加一个图表Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.1991年6月六级参考答案Part IPart IIPart III71. nothing → everything72. because → although73. nineteen → nineteenth74. that → what75. aroused → arose76. like → as/being77. complicated → simple78. (consist) → (consist) of79. that → which80. not → /作文范文：The graph shows the changing rate of car accidents in Walton city in 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year.The highest rate in August was due to unfavorable weather conditions. Humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient, which easily leads to car accidents. The high rate in the first half of 1990 was also caused by the bad weather condition. In Walton City the excessive rain comes at early spring. The rain made road slippery, which often resulted in car accidents.This year the pattern is expected to change. The city government has raised fund to improve the road condition. Two new roads will be finished at the beginning of this year and are expected to open to traffic soon. Furthermore, the new road regulation provides that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. With all these precautions, I’m sure that the rate of car accidents will be much lower this year.。