上海市普陀区2015届高三一模英语试题含答案
普陀区2014学年第一学期高三英语质量调研（考试时间 120分钟试卷满分 150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. Twins. B. Classmates. C. Friends. D. Colleagues.2. A. At a gas station. B. In a workshop.C. At an art gallery.D. In a department store.3. A. She’s written some books about classics.B. She’s learned a lot from the l iterature class.C. She’s met some of the world’s best writers.D. She’s just returnedfrom a trip round the world.4. A. Ten years. B. Twenty years.C. Forty years.D. A hundred years.5. A. The woman followed the man’s advice.B. The woman wasgoing to have a haircut.C. The man didn’t care if the woman had her hair cut.D. The man didn’t want the woman to have her hair cut.6. A. She just read only part of the book.B. She was interested in reading novels.C. She seldom read books from cover to cover.D. She wasanxious to know what the book was about.7. A. Young people lose their jobs easily.B. Young people are too eager to succeed.C. Young people seldom stay long on the same job.D. Young people are too quick in making decisions.8. A. Worried. B. Relieved. C. Doubtful. D. Thankful.9. A. Quit delivering flowers. B. Work at a restaurant.C. Bring her flowers every day.D. Leave his job to work for her.10. A. Tony could not continue the experiment.B. Tony finished the experiment last night.C. Tony thought the experiment was well done.D. Tony had expected the experiment to be easier.Section BPassagesDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. She missed her grandfather greatly.B. She seldom talked with her mother.C. Her mother didn’t love her as much as her grandfather did.D. Her mother was the subject of talks with her grandfather.12.A. Co-workers cannot be your close friends.B. People will be pleased if you call them at 2:00 AM.C. You can't discuss your problems with a distant family.D. The one you can call at 2:00 AM is someone close to you in spirit.13.A. Parents should understand their kids.B. There are many ways to make friends.C. The earth is an inhabited garden if you have close friends.D. There is a difference between a lonely desert and an inhabited garden.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The prison gates are always open. B. Its prisoners can work outside.C. The prison has no armed guards.D. The prison is open to the public.15. A. It has no security measures.B. It is run on the principle of trusting prisoners.C. The prisoners are provided with jobs on release.D. Its prisoners are seldom made to work overtime.16. A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Critical. D.Neutral.Section CLonger ConversationsDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Left HandednessWhat do Leonardo da Vinci, Marie Curie, and Albert Einstein have in common? They were all left-handed, along with other famous people including Barack Obama. In fact, an estimated 13 percent of the world’s population (25)______ be left-handed.Most people are right-handed. This fact also seems to have held true (26)______ history. In 1977, scientists studied works of art made at various times starting with cave drawings from 15,000 B.C. and ending with paintings from the 1950s. Most of the people (27)______ (show) in these works of art are right-handed.Many researchers claim (28)______ (find)relationships between left-handedness and various physical and mental characteristics. However, (29)______ of these connections are very weak, and others have not been proven.What makes a person become right-handed rather than left-handed? As yet, no one really knows for sure. (30)______ ______ ______ reasons may be behind it, people’s attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. There are even a number of shops (31)______ (specialize) in selling products for left-handed people, such as left-handed scissors, can openers, guitars, and even a left-handed camera.In 1976, Left-Handers International, a group of left-handed people in Topeka, Kansas, in the United States, decided to start (32)______ annual event in order to clear up misunderstandings about left-handedness.(B)Motivating Students(33)______ ______ a young child might be nervous about starting school, he or she is often excited on the first day of school. Perhaps that excitement lasts through the first few years of school. But over time, many children are much (34) ______ (excited) about going to school because school becomes a place of ―all w o r k a n d n o p l a y.‖A s t h e y e a r s g o b y,s t u d e n t s(35)______(pressure) to do more work and to do it better, make better test scores, and have a higher class rank. It is therefore not surprising that by middle school many students lose interest in school and learning.Teachers face a big challenge in such a situation. When they enter a classroom (36)______ ______ most of the students do not want to be there and do not want to study, how can they teach? Some teachers may be tempted to focus their energy on the handful of students in the classroom who show an interest in (37)______(learn). Other teachers have to reward ―good‖ students and punishing ―bad‖students in the hope (38)______ this may somehow motivate all students to try harder.Through his own teaching experience, Dr. Richard Lavoie became interested in the problem of motivating students. He (39)______(wonder) what motivates some students to want to learn. In studying this question, Dr. Lavoie discovered that other people have done a lot of research into this question already. However, those people do not work in schools. The people who seemed to know the most about (40)______ motivates kids were researchers who work for companies that were advertising products such as toys and music for children.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.―Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe,‖Stephen Hawking says.Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most important scientists, believes that to __41__, humans must move into space.Today, the United States, India, China, and Japan are all planning to send astronauts back to Earth’s closest __42__: the moon. Each country wants to create space stations there between 2020 and 2030. These stations will __43__prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets.Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should __44__ space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? There are several advantages: for one, sending people to the moon and Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, whether living on other planets is possible. Then, we can eventually__45__ new human societies on other planets. In addition, the __46__ we make for space travel in the fields of science, technology, medicine, and health can also benefit us here on Earth.But not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a(n)__47__ idea. Many say it’s too expensive to send people, even on a short __48__. And most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take about six months. People travelling this kind of distance face a number of health problems. Also, for many early space __49__, life would be extremely difficult. On the moon’s surface, for example, the air and the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time.Despite these __50__, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see lunar(月球上的) cities and maybe even new human cultures on other planets.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When you say that someone has a good memory, what exactly do you mean? Are you saying that the person has fast recall or that he or she__51__ information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about her or his childhood. The truth is that it is __52__ to say exactly what memory is. Even scientists who have been studying memory for decades say they are still trying to __53__ exactly what it is. We do know that a particular memory is not just one thing stored somewhere in the brain. __54__, a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information stored all over the brain. Perhapsthe best way to __55__ memory is to say that it is a process—a process of recording, storing, and getting back information. Practice and repetition can help to __56__ the pieces that make up our memory of that information.Memory can be __57__ affected by a number of things. __58__ nutrition can affect a person’s ability to store information. Excessive alcohol use can also weaken memory and cause permanent __59__ to the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing problem may affect a person’s ability to notice certain things, thus making it __60__ to register information in the brain.When people talk about memory, they often__61__ short-term memory and long-term memory. If you want to call a store or an office that you don’t call often, you look in the telephone book for the number. You dial the number, and then you forget it! You use your short-term memory to remember the number. Your short-term memory lasts about 30 seconds, or half a minute. __62__, you don’t need to look in the telephone book for your best friend’s number, because you already know it. This number is in your long-term memory, which __63__ information about things you have learned and experienced through the years.Why do you forget things sometimes? The major reason for forgetting something is that you did not learn it well enough __64__. For example, if you meet some new people and right away forget their names, it is because you did not __65__ the names at the first few seconds when you heard them.51. A. collects B. processes C. publishes D. absorbs52. A. necessary B. important C. difficult D. convenient53. A. figure out B. take out C. put out D. give out54. A. After all B.Instead C.By contrast D. Besides55. A. recall B. refresh C. describe D. decrease56. A. lose B. organize C. identify D. strengthen57. A. positively B. negatively C. actively D. directly58. A. Poor B. Adequate C. Special D. Various59. A. benefit B. offence C. effect D. damage60. A. easier B. more impressive C. harder D. more convenient61. A. refer to B. apply for C. come across D. break down62. A. Furthermore B. However C.Consequently D. Otherwise63. A. leaks B. transmits C. checks D. stores64. A. in the middle B. at the end C. in the beginning D. ahead of time65. A. restore B. record C. replace D. respondSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In 1991, high in the mountains of Europe, hikers made a discovery: a dead man partly frozen in the ice. However, the police investigation soon became a scientific one. Carbon dating indicated that the man died over 5,300 years ago. Today he is known as the Iceman and has been nicknamed ―Ötzi‖ for the Ötztal Alps where he was found. Kept in perfect condition by the ice, he is the oldest complete human body on the earth.Scientists think he was an important person in his society. An examination of his teeth and skull tells us that he was not a young man.His arms were not the arms of a laborer. His dagger(匕首) was made of stone, but he carried a copper axe. This implies wealth, and he was probably from the upper classes.We know he could make fire, as a fire-starting kit was discovered with him. Even the food he had eaten enabled scientists to reason exactly where in Italy he lived.But why did the Iceman die in such a high and icy place? There have been many theories. Some said he was a lost shepherd. Others thought he was killed in a religious ceremony. Over the years since he was found, tiny scientific discoveries have led to great changes in our understanding of the story of the Iceman. The newest scientific information indicates that he was cruelly murdered. ―Even five years ago, the story was that he fled up there and walked around in the snow and probably died of exposure,‖ said Klaus Oeggl, a scientist at the University of Innsbruc k in Austria. ―Now i t’s all changed. It’s more like a…crime scene.‖In June 2001, an X-ray examination of the body showed a small dark shape beneath the Iceman’s left shoulder. It was the stone head of an arrow. It had caused a deadly injury that probably killed him very quickly. In 2003, an Australian scientist discovered the blood of four different people on the clothes of the Iceman. Did a bloody fight take place before his murder? Injuries on his hand and head indicate that this may be true. One theory, put forward by archeologist(考古学家) WalterLeitner, says that the Iceman’s murder was the end of a fight for power among his people. However, this idea is certainly debatable.66. What does ―Ötzi‖refer to ________.A. the oldest perfectly preserved human bodyB. the most famous tourist attractionÖtztal AlpsC. an important discovery by the police of EuropeD. the person living in Ötztal Alps for a long time67. After the examination of the Iceman, scientists believe that ________.A. he died at an early ageB. he made a fire-starting kitC. he had a higher social statusD. he was born at a village in Italy68. According to Klaus Oeggl, the Iceman died from________.A. a serious diseaseB. a snow disasterC. a religious faithD. a terrible murder69. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. The life of ancient people in the AlpsMountains.B. The cruel religious life of the Europeans in the past.C. The discovery andpossiblecause of death of the Iceman.D. The application of carbon dating technology to the Iceman.(B)Cambridge Schools Conference 2015 - book your place todayInspiring teachers, inspiring learners: How we prepare learners for a lifetime of learning.Dear ColleagueThe Cambridge Schools Conference is taking place in Colombo, Sri Lanka from 3-5 Jan 2015. Booking for the conference closes on 24December 2014, book now to secure your place.Feedback from schools that attended our recent conference in Cambridge includes:“Outstanding keynote presentation by Guy Claxton”Roland Ebiye-Koripamo, Cita International School“A Cambridge Conference shoots up the expectation level of the representativesand when it not just reaches that level but surpasses it with excellence, you define it as the Cambridge Schools Conference, 2015!”SeemaAnis, Al Waha International School, Jeddah“I have met so many interesting people. Having the opportunity to meet educators from all over the world is a unique experience.”Luciana Fernandez, ESSARP, ArgentinaThe conference brings together a community of teachers representing schools from many different countries and contexts, to consider approaches to common challenges. Our programme is designed to support professional learning by offering a range of perspectives on the conference theme. Discuss and debate these in our panel sessions (小组会议) and explore their implications in group discussions and workshops.We look forward to welcoming you to Colombo.Events TeamCambridge International ExaminationsFollow @CIE_Education for news and information about the conference. Use the hashtag#csconf15 to join the conversation.Forward to a friend|Unsubscribe© 2014 Cambridge International Examinations70. The theme of the Cambridge Schools Conference 2015 is about _________.A. lifelong learningB. teaching approachesC. common challengesD. inspiring teachers71. The letter is most probably for those who _________.A. are the members of CIEB. work in education institutesC. givefeedback to the conferenceD. can offer a range of perspectives72. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. The conference closes on 24December 2014.B. The conferenceis held in University of Cambridge.D. The conference encourages various views on lifelong learning.C. The conference provides the most effective approaches on lifelong learning.(C)Big trees are incredibly important ecologically. For a start, they provide food for countless other species and shelter for many animals. With their tall branches in the sun, they capture vast amounts of energy. This allows them to produce massive crops of fruit and flowers that sustain much of the animal life in the forest.Only a small number of tree species have the genetic abilityto grow really big. The biggest are native to North America, but big trees grow all over the globe, from the tropics to the forests of the high latitudes(纬度). To achieve giant size, a tree needs three things: the right place to establish its seedling, good growing conditions and lots of time with low adult death rate. Lose any of these, and you will lose your biggest trees.In some parts of the world, populations of big trees are dwindling because their seedlings cannot survive. In southern India, for instance, an aggressive non-native bush, Lantana camara, is invading thefloor of many forests. Lantana grows so thickly that young trees often fail to take root. With no young trees to replace them, it is only a matter of time before most of the big trees disappear.Without the right growing conditions, trees cannot get really bigand there is some evidence to suggest tree growth could slow in a warmer world, particularly in environments that are already warm. Having worked for decades at La Selva Biological Station in Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, Costa Rica, David and Deborah Clark and colleagues have shown that tree growth there declines markedly in warmer years. ―During the day, their growth shuts down when it gets too warm, and at night they consume more energy because their metabolic(新陈代谢的) ra te increases,‖ explains David Clark. With less energy produced in warmer years and more being consumed just to survive, there is even less energy available for growth.The Clarks’ theory, if correct, means tropical forests would shrink over time.The largest, oldest trees would progressively die off and tend not to be replaced. According to the Clarks, this might cause a destabilization of the climate; as older trees die, forests would release some of their stored carbon into the atmosphere, causing a cycle of further warming, forest shrinkage and carbon emissions.Besides, big trees face threats from elsewhere.73. According to the passage, big trees make great contributions to theecosystem because ________.A. they can capture large amounts of energyB. they determine the change of global climateC. they provide the essentials for many creaturesD. they can avoid a new cycle of further warming74. All the following factors are a must for making big trees EXCEPT ______.A. no deadly damageB. genetic contributionC. ideal environmentfor growthD. high-latitude location75. The word ―dwindling‖ (paragraph3) is closest in meaning to ―______‖.A. explodingB. growingC. changingD. declining76. What is the best title of the passage?A. Big trees in trouble.B. Advantages of big trees.C. Results of big trees’ disappearing.D. Importanceof big trees to humans.77. What will the author most probably discuss after the last paragraph?A. More threats to the existence of big tress.B. The effect of human activities on big trees.C. Benefits of big trees to the whole atmosphere.D. Comparison between common trees and big ones.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups. In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.―Two heads are better than one.‖ That’s the simple idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students. They get to pick each other’s brains and improve their own understanding of different problems. Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense atmosphere in which it’s good to study. For example, some students tend to procrastinate (拖延) when they are studying by themselves; however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small—four to five participants is about right. And it’s necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the week’s lecture notes. Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted. Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to identify their sources. For instance, when a group member says ―I read somewhere that ... ,‖ the source-seeker should ask for specifics. This person reminds the group that it’s important to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper, who tries to make sure that all group members are participating, may ask a direct question to help a shy person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. Many universities encourage students to take advantage of ________ for better grades rather than learning alone.79. Peers are not only the best academic resources but also motivate each other to _________ when learning in groups.80. According to paragraph 3, besides the small size, what are the other two factors that could help a study group work best?81. All the members in the study group will be assigned different roles because people believe that it will result in _______.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、孩子们总是对圣诞节的礼物充满好奇。
2015上海二模 上海市普陀区2015届高三4月质量调研(二模)英语试题 Word版含答案
上海市普陀区2015届高三4月质量调研（二模）英语试题（考试时间120分钟试卷满分150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. At the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.2. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher. D. A boss.3. A. She expected more people at the party. B. She enjoys entertaining small children.C. She has always enjoyed great popularity.D. She threw a surprise party for her friend.4. A. It is 4:10 now. B. It is 4:20 now. C. It is 4:50 now. D. It is 4:40 now.5. A. Mark was too busy to call the man.B. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.C. The woman had forgotten Mark’s phone number.D. Mark and the woman hadn’t been in touch for long.6. A. The library is closed on weekends. B. He was not allowed to check out the book.C. He had no idea where the book was.D. He didn’t get the book he needed.7. A. The houses for sale are at high price.B. The man is unwilling to look at the houses on sale.C. The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.D. The housing sellers provide free trips for potential buyers.8. A. The man no longer smokes.B. The man is under pressure from his wife.C. The man usually follows his wife’s advice.D. The man refuses to listen to his doctor’s advice.9. A. The man made a mistake about the date of the appointment.B. The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C. The man is glad he’s got in touch with the doctor.D. The man can’t come for the appointment at 4:15.10. A. The man is worried about his future.B. The two speakers are at a loss what to do now.C. The two speakers will graduate from the college.D. The woman regrets spending her time doing nothing.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A professional diver. B. A rescuer on the Golden Gate Bridge.C. A telephone operator.D. A guard on the Golden Gate Bridge.12. A. Someone has fallen off the bridge.B. Someone on the bridge is being attacked.C. Someone is threatening to destroy the bridge.D. Someone on the bridge is attempting to kill himself.13. A. Call the mother to come right away.B. Try to communicate with them first.C. Help them to get out of their misery.D. Remind them that they have children to take care of.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The standards for being fit vary from person to person.B. A healthy lifestyle is a must for being fit.C. We may not know how fit we are without tests.D. Personal goals are more important than needs to decide whether one is fit.15. A. It is more accurate. B. It is more flexible.C. It is less enjoyable.D. It is less effective.16. A. An accountant who can be as physically fit as an athlete.B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness.C. New concept of fitness and its essential factors.D. Some sports with significant training effect.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Good ideas often start with really silly questions. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles (华夫饼干) for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber (25)____ his waffle iron. Later, he tried it and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies, he was laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather discouraged, Bowerman persevered and went on (26)____ (form) his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration. When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he needed to have some paperwork (27)____(deliver) across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a long while (28)____ (wonder) why. Why couldn’t there be a reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into (29)____ class project. His business professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith was not through. He improved the ideas in that class project and eventually turned (30)____ into one of the first and (31)____ (successful) overnight mail services in the world—FedEx.We know today, of course, that each of these ideas led to an incredibly successful product or service (32)____ has changed the way many of us live. The best questionsare usually open-ended and are often silly. Children aren’t afraid to ask such questions, but adults frequently are. Think how different the world might be (33)____ people never asked “silly” question!(B)A lot of people in the world today are used to working, going on holiday, and having money—but many of them aren’t happy. Yet other people seem to be really happy,(34)____ ____ they are poor, or have no job, or are surrounded by problems. Why?Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, from the University of Chicago, has interviewed thousands of people who have a happy life to find out how they do it. “I (35)____ (study) happiness for over 30 years,” says Csikszentmihalyi. “My interest in the subject came from my own experience as a child during World War II, when I saw many adults destroyed by the terrible events. But there were always a few who kept their courage, helped others, and were able to give a sense of purpose and meaning to their lives. I wanted to find out how a person (36)____ build a fulfilling and enjoyable life.”In general, his research showed that people were unhappy doing nothing. The professor stresses that happy people don’t waste time, either at work or when they’re free. “Many people feel the time that they spend at work or at school wasted. But often their free time (37)___ _ (waste) as well. Many people are used to doing passive things—watching television, for example—without (38)____ (use) any skills. As a result, life goes past in a s eries of boring experiences.”But it doesn’t have to be this way. The professor has found that people are happy when they get into (39)____ he calls “flow”. When people get very involved in a task that they have chosen, and which is well-defined and challenging, they experience “flow”, a situation (40)____ they don’t notice time passing.People who are not used to happiness can learn how to be happy, says the professor, if they constantly get into “flow”states. Is happiness as easy as that? Perhaps it is.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. caseB. experienceC. growingD. dominantE. exclusionF. varietyG. decliningH. remainI. problematicJ. contributionK. shareThe world faces a future of people speaking more than one language, with English no longer seen as likely to become __41__, a British language expert says in a new analysis. “English is likely to __42__ one of the world’s most important languages for the foreseeable future, but its future is more __43__ and complex—than most people appreciate,” language researcher David Graddol said. He sees English as likely to become the “first among equals” rather th an having the global field to itself. “Speakers, who only use English, of any __44__ of English—American orBritish—will __45__ increasing difficulty in employment and political life, and are likely to become confused by many aspects of the society and cul ture around them,” Graddol said.The __46__ of the world’s population that speaks English as a native language is decreasing, Graddol reported in an issue of the journal Science. The idea of English becoming the world language to the __47__ of others “is p ast its sell-by date,” Graddol said. Instead, he said, its major __48__ will be in creating generations who use more than one language.A multilingual(使用多种语言的) population is the __49__ in much of the world and is becoming more common in the United States. Indeed, the Census Bureau reported last year that nearly one American in five speaks a language other than English at home, with Spanish leading, and Chinese __50__ rapidly. The diversity of language, in turn, has helped to make English the nation’s official language.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.GM (转基因)crops are debatable. On one hand, some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops can make the world a __51__ place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects, __52__, then they won’t have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the __53__ of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties aswell. Plants that don’t require much water, that can live even in times of drought, can help prevent the widespread __54__ that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It’s easy to see why many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet the difficult __55__ that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other people are __56__. They mistrust the claims made and don’t believe that biotechnology is without __57__. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem—the inter-related community of plants and animals and bacteria that __58__ the Earth. They __59__ that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. One danger is that GM crops can transfer their characteristics to other plants. Plants that reproduce by spreading their pollen(花粉) in the wind can possibly fertilize wild plants, making them more __60__ to control. Another problem is that GM plants might be a source of allergens (过敏源). This seems __61__, but in the process of making GM foods, genes are transferred that are known to cause problems for some people. Allergic reactions can __62__ from coughing and sneezing to death.Indeed, people hold very different opinions about __63__. While some people look forward to crops that will not rot during the trip to market, others claim that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops that can __64__ droughts, others claim that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them __65__ for use. For some people, GM crops are the hope of the future; for others, they are a poison that will harm or destroy our farmland.51. A. worse B. better C. less healthy D. more peaceful52. A. in no way B. by all means C. for example D. by contrast53. A. absence B. appearance C. case D. effect54. A. war B. poverty C. starvation D. robbery55. A. challenge B. specification C. standard D. principle56. A. knowledgeable B. supportive C. ignorant D. suspicious57. A. control B. risks C. criteria D. doubts58. A. turn up B. make up C. give up D. take up59. A. ensure B. worry C. deny D. demand60. A. temperate B. difficult C. efficient D. enjoyable61. A. inevitable B. inaccessible C. unavoidable D. unlikely62. A. suffer B. arise C. start D. range63. A. bioengineering B. allergens C. drought D. future64. A. cause B. reduce C. stand D. change65. A. efficient B. expensive C. unfit D. possible Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty material in your head that controls everything you will ever do. This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? It’s your brain—a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it “the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe.”Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove. You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from your eyes and quickly calculates when, where and at what speed you need to run to save her. Then it tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brain’s great ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons(神经元) in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny cells: neurons—it would take you more than 3,000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in theentire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a light bulb.66. By “the most complex thing”, James Watson means ______.A. a supercomputerB. the universeC. human brainsD. ouremotions67. Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?A. Brains can download more information than any computer.B. The kitten plays an important role in testing human brain power.C. Motor neurons in human brains serve to send countless messages.D. Your brains can use neuron s to send messages back faster than bees’.68. The author mentions “to power light bulbs” (Para. 4) to show ______.A. neurons can send lots of messagesB. how many active tiny cells brains containC. how much electricity brains can generateD. there is countless information in the brain69. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.B. Brains work well in controlling body movements.C. Brain is the most complex structure in the universe.D. Human brains are composed of numerous neurons.(B)Read the following car rental agreement of Avis and answer the questions.Kindly indicate your return km reading, fuel gauge(计量器) reading, date and time, and return this envelope, with your keys, to the rental counter.Document numberSafe Driving in South AfricaDRIVER’S LICENCEWhen driving, you must be in possession of your driver’s licence at all times. SEAT BELTSThe law requires that you wear seat belts at all times.DRIVINGIn South Africa, driving is on the left-hand side of the road.SPEED LIMITSGenerally 60 km/hr in built-up areas, 100 km/hr in rural areas and 120 km/hr on highways.PETROLPetrol is available 24 hours per day. Unleaded (无铅) petrol should be used in Aviscars. Credit cards are not accepted for the payment of petrol.SAFETYFor your own safety, keep your doors locked while driving.LOCK UPShut windows and lock all doors and the boot when leaving the vehicle unattended. VALUABLESDo not leave personal belongings such as cell phones and valuables in your vehicle. They are not covered by our insurance.TYRESAvis undertakes that on delivery of the vehicle to the driver, the condition of the tyres will be agreeable to the laws and the tyre pressure in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications(说明书) for “normal use”.It is the responsibility of the driver to ensure that both the condition and inflation(膨胀) of the tyres are appropriate throughout the course of the rental.It is the responsibility of the driver to inspect the condition of the tyres at the beginning of the rental and to make adjustments to the tyre pressure to take into account such factors as the number of passengers, mass of luggage, environment temperatures, speed and road condition.ROAD MAPSMaps of Southern Africa, including city and regional maps, can be found in a copy of the Avis Inbound magazine, in each vehicle or at the Avis Customer Service Center. More extensive area maps are obtainable from the Automobile Association (AA) andSouth African Tourism.70. The passage is intended for ______.A. car rentersB. traffic policeC. insurance sellersD. automobile mechanics71. The driver should _________ according to the rules about tyres.A. make the tyre condition agreeable to the lawsB. adjust tyre pressure with many factors consideredC. work out the vehicle manufacturer’s specificationsD. be responsible for driving safety and road condition72. What information hasn’t been mentioned in the leaflet?A. The speed limit in different areas.B. The requests of giving cars back to Avis.C. The ways to keep personal possessions safe.D. The instructions to fix flat tyres on the road.(C)Today’s workplace is unique in history. Never before have we seen people working together who represent such different backgrounds and experiences. This difference of age, race, gender, and work style makes it very difficult to organize and run a company.As a result, companies are looking for individuals who can manage a wide range of employees effectively. Increasingly, managers are discovering that age differencesamong workers are a major cause of concern.This has been an important realization. The management difficulties and challenges have led some experts to study intergenerational differences for an understanding of problems in the workplace. What they have discovered is interesting and may provide ways of improving working conditions in companies that employ individuals from different generations.The first thing to realize, they say, is that differences of opinion about the importance of work and how to get work done are not a coincidence. That is, it is not an accident that young employees will be different from older employees. In fact, if employers do not pay attention to these differences, it is possible that anger will build up between people and lead to difficulties in the company.Resentment (仇恨) between members of different generations, if not attended to, can lead to extreme anger and unhappiness and even lasting enmity if people are not careful. That individuals from different generations should come to view each other as if they were from different sides of warring countries should not be surprising.It is natural for individuals from the same generation to form alliances (联盟), to come together for protection. Different generations represent different experiences in life, and these lead naturally to different opinions about oneself and one’s approaches to work.If you were raised in a time of plenty, when products were readily available and relatively inexpensive, you would believe that prosperity is natural and expectable. If,on the other hand, you were raised in a time of scarcity, you would always be careful not to waste things for fear you would not have enough. You would make angry people who seem to believe that problems will always solve themselves. Such optimism in the face of difficulties would be a source of unhappiness between you and them. It is difficult, in such circumstances, to achieve a happy, agreeable atmosphere in the workplace.73. What most possibly makes it difficult to organize or run a company?A. Employees are in different generations.B. Employees are of different backgrounds.C. Employees work in different styles.D. Employees are in different races.74. Employers should pay attention to ______ if they want to avoid anger between employees.A. the different understanding of problems in the workplaceB. the different views on value of work and working methodsC. the different generations of employees in the workplaceD. the different ways of expressing anger in the company75. The word “enmity” is closet in meaning to ______.A. hatredB. sorrowsC. ignoranceD. forgiveness76. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Employees in some companies regard each other as mere enemies.B. Employees’ attitudes towards life are related to the time when they grow up.C. Employees who are raised in a time of scarcity tend to be angry with others.D. Achieving a harmonious atmosphere in the workplace is the main task foremployers.77. What does the writer mainly talk about in the passage?A. Employees should be cooperative and friendly with each other.B. It is difficult for employers to have workers work in a friendly way.C. The weakness of human nature causes the anger between employees.D. The generational differences cause the disharmony among employees. Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Dolphins have been declared the world’s second most intelligent creatures after humans, with scientists suggesting they are so bright that they should be treated as “non-human persons”.Studies into dolphin behavior have highlighted how similar their communications are to those of humans and that they are brighter than chimpanzees. These have been backed up by anatomical(解剖学) research showing that dolphin brains have many key features associated with high intelligence. Recently, a series of behavioral studies has suggested that dolphins, especially species such as the bottlenose, whose brains weigh about 5lb, could even be brighter than chimps, which some studies have found can reach the intelligence levels of three-year-old children. The studies show how dolphins have distinct personalities, a strong sense ofself and can think about the future.It has also become clear that dolphins are “culture”animals, meaning that new types of behavior can quickly be picked up by one dolphin from another. In one study, Diana Reiss, professor of psychology at Hunter College, City University of New York, showed that bottlenose dolphins could recognize themselves in a mirror and use it to inspect various parts of their bodies, an ability that had been thought limited to humans and great apes. In another, she found that they also had the ability to learn an elementary symbol-based language.Other research has shown dolphins can solve difficult problems, while those living in the wild cooperate in ways that imply complex social structures and a high level of emotions. In one recent case, a dolphin rescued from the wild was taught to tail-walk for three weeks in a dolphinarium(海豚宫) in Australia. After she was released, scientists were astonished to see the trick spreading among wild dolphins who had learnt it from the former captive (被俘的). Such observations have prompted questions about the brain structures of dolphins.Researchers have found that brain size varies hugely from around 7oz for the small species to more than 19lb for the sperm whales, whose brains are the largest on the planet. Human brains, by contrast, range from 21lb-4lb. When it comes to intelligence, however, brain size is less important than its size relative to the body. oz: an ounce in weight (1oz=28g)lb: a pound in weight (1lb=454g=16oz)(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than twelvewords.)78. The which in the 2nd paragraph refers to _________.79. What do bottlenose dolphins do to make Diana Reiss believe they are “culture”animals?80. The spreading of tail-walk shows wild dolphins have _________.81. What is the main factor that decides the level of intelligence according to the last paragraph?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、学校里约半数的学生热衷于玩手机游戏。
2015上海市浦东新区高三一模英语试题及答案
2015上海市浦东新区高三一模英语试题及答案高考频道为您提供最及时的资讯，下面的2015上海市浦东新区高三一模英语试题及答案希望对您有所帮助上海市浦东新区2015届高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Only one person in the group is older than he.B. His group is almost the oldest.C. He is the youngest person in the group.D. He appears only in the second photograph.2. A. It has unusually good service. B. It has excellent food.C. The service there is disappointing.D. Everything there is great.3. A. She thinks it will be better than the old one. B. She is anxious for it to be completed.C. She is worried that it is not long enough.D. She feels that it should not have been built.4. A. He often complains. B. He is never happy.C. He often does something.D. He is short.5. A. She didn’t know her daughter could sing so well.B. She sings better than her daughter.C. She does n’t like her daughter.D. She herself doesn’t have a good voice.6. A. Enjoyable. B. Dull. C. Moving. D. Inspiring.7. A. The apples and pears might not be good.B. The apples are not as good as the pears.C. The apples and pears are very good.D. The apples and pears are as good as they look.8. A. The talks haven’t started yetB. The talks haven’t produced any agreement.C. Their talks have achieved much.D. Their talks broke down and could go no further.9. A. The long wait. B. The broken down computer.C. The mistakes in her telephone.D. The bad telephone service.10. A. Because she feels very hot in the room.B. Because she wants to avoid meeting people.C. Because she wants to smoke a cigarette outside.D. Because she doesn’t like the smell of smoke inside.Section BDirections In Section B, you will hear two short passages, andyou will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Many cars were turned upside down as a result of the flood.B. Peter’s hometown was located in the mountains.C. There were many large stones on the roads after the flood.D. Tractors and lorries were busy carrying food to the flooded area.12. A. How people fought against a natural disaster.B. Help was rushed to the flood-stricken city.C. A big flood struck Peter’s hometown.D. Many people died in a serious flood.13. A. The big flood occurred in July.B. Over 2500 people lost their homes.C. More than 100 people died in the flood.D. The victims of the flooded area were carried to safety by helicopters.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because he was so tired that he collapsed.B. Because he liked snacks so much that he took it almost every day.C. Because the fast food he often took caused him to become weaker and weaker.D. Because he wanted to be given blood transfusions.15. A. When people are so busy, they will skip their meals. They usually have takeaways or snacks instead.B. The speaker regrets to have taken too much fast food, he advises others not to follow hisexample.C. The speaker prefers quick snacks to home-cooked meals.D. The speaker had intended to cook something nourishing.16. A. Have a wonderful time! B. Enjoy your good health!C. Have a satisfying meal!D. Thank you for your meal!Section CDirections In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation•Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.1. How many cups of coffee has Fred drunk since lunch? ____17____.2. He drank so much coffee simply because he felt ____18____ in the class.3. According to the lady’s opinion, too much coffee is likely to cause ___19___ disease.4. Studies have shown that coffee makes you work fast but not ___20___ better.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.1. The woman is _______21_______ background music.2. Background music is supposed to _______22_______ people’s attitudes.3. Music gives you __________23__________ and people around you.4. Fast music makes customers spend ___________24__________ in hamburger places.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)You can’t go near the City Centre Mall in downtown Seattle without seeing the mermaid logo of a certain international coffee company. Today the company (25) _______(establish) 5,945 stores in the United States and 2,392 more overseas and in Canada. While it (26) _______ seem that there is already a Starbucks at every corner, Chairman Howard Schultz says the company is just getting started. The company plans to double the current number of domestic stores to nearly 12,000. To meet (27) _______ target, Sawbucks will start more stores at airports and supermarkets. Don’t be fooled the key to its success is not the taste of its coffee. (28) _______ has made them great is making sure that no one has a bad experience in their stores.One way it intends to keep further its growth is to movecustomers through its line more quickly. While Starbucks executives love to talk about their store’s gentle environment as a “third place” (29) _______ home and work, it turns out that only 30 percent of customers actually use the tables and couches. Everyone else (30) _______ (grab) their coffee to go, (31) _____ _____ one third of new stores will now offer drive-through.The company is also coming up with new ideas (32) _______ (get) customers to dig deeper into their wallets. On each floor of Starbucks headquarters south of downtown Seattle, employees of the company tout（兜售）new plans for food and new drinks such as coffee liqueurs（咖啡酒）and this year’s holiday offering pumpkin spice lattes.(B)Art of livingAristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”. In other words, whether you are seeking lifelong satisfaction (33) ______ a few moments of good cheer, you have got to move forward. We’ve surveyed the experts and found four ste ps to take toward a sunny disposition（性格）1. VALUE YOUR RELATIONSHIPSOver a 30-year period, University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 12,000 people (34) ______ income, education, political participation, volunteer activities, and close relationships affected their happiness. Reported Newsweek’s Sharon Begley on the findings, “The highest level of happiness (35) ______ (find) with the most stable, longest, and most contented relationships.”2. EXPRESS YOURSELFSinging aloud, talking to a stranger, raising your hand All may increase a feeling of well-being, according to a study from Wake Forest University. Participants tracked their moods for two weeksand reported feeling happier when they were (36) ______ (outgoing).3. SPEND MONEY ON OTHERSThe editors of gave $5 or $20 randomly to 46 strangers. Half the group was told to spend money on (37) ______, while the other half was told to spend it on others. Those who’d shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who’d spent it on themselves. There was no difference in happiness between those who spent $5 or $20, suggesting that it’s not how much money you spend, but how you spend it, (38) ______ can boost (提升) the spirit.4. FOCUS ON THE POSITVEStudies from the Univ ersity of Pennsylvania’s Positive Psychology Center show (39) ______ negative-minded people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an (40) ______ (improve) outlook.Section BDirections Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. recallB. presentC. handlingD. defeatingE. containingF. contentG. minimizedH. evidentlyI. refreshJ. eventuallyK. exhaustedMost individuals experience some form of test anxiety when they take an important examination. This anxiety can 41 itself in physical symptoms like nausea or sweaty palms, or in emotional symptoms like panic and irritability. Often, individuals will become nervous long before the exam date because they feel 42 by the amount of material they must master. The firststep in 43 this anxiety is realizing that test anxiety is a natural reaction, and that it can be 44 . In order to regain control over anxiety, one should break the exam 45 into smaller sections. It will seem much easier to master a series of small subjects than to handle a huge subject all at once.Test-takers should make a study schedule weeks or months ahead of the exam, and give themselves a small amount to learn each period. When the exam day 46 arrives, anxiety will be reduced by the feeling of preparedness. Apart from that, anxiety can be lessened in a few easy ways. First, avoid having any excessively stimulating foods, such as those 47 caffeine or sugar, on the day of the exam. Getting a good night's sleep and a little bit of exercise will 48 one's brain and allow for easy 49 of the learned material. During the exam, breathe deeply and sit in a comfortable position. On exams where this is possible, many people find comfort in going through and answering all of the easy questions before 50 the more difficult ones.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Leadership is a word getting a lot of attention these days. It appears in the title of new advice, how-to, and business books with amazing 51 . Definitions vary, but most of the ones I’ve seen don’t help much. It’s a totally 52 subject You think A is a great leader; I like B’s 53 better. That is, you may not be able to 54 it, but you know it when you see it.So this is my take on the elusive (难以捉摸的) conceptYears ago, leadership had 55 to do with a specific ability. “Leader” was the56 given to the emperor of the organization. The person was the commander, the 57 with complete control. But 58 there is another way to establish yourself as a leader.Here is my definition Leadership is the ability to get others to do what you want, need, or expect them to do, and feel good about doing it. It is the 59 part (feeling good about doing it) that is so elusive.If I am in charge, I can certainly demand you do what I expect you to do and insist you get it done. I can give orders. 60 , I am the boss, and everyone knows what that means. It is a sure way to destroy the atmosphere of the 61 .Today, I believe that approach is on the way 62 , although it will always be with us. When people hate the boss, sure, the boss is called “leader”—but not a good one, because the followers are an unhappy bunch. If they had another, 63 job to go to, they would be gone in a minute.Here is a list of the qualities I believe it 64 to be a good leader 1. Likable; 2. Trustworthy; 3. Competent and experienced;4. Part of the team;5. Able and willing to participate;6. Ready to 65 ;7. Adaptable to change;8. Eager to share credit.51. A. activity B. regularity C. reality D. sensitivity52. A. wrong B. unnecessary C. objective D. subjective53. A. system B. style C. sample D. speech54. A. define B. understand C. analyze D. summarize55. A. a lot B. something C. nothing D.everything56. A. rank B. type C. title D. honor57. A. authority B. candidate C. specialist D. assistant58. A. reasonably B. hopefully C. sadly D. fortunately59. A. first B. second C. former D. whole60. A. Above all B. After all C. For instance D. On the contrary61. A. friendship B. school C. company D. workplace62. A. over B. in C. along D. out63. A. money-saving B. highly-demanding C. decent-paying D. far-reaching64. A. endures B. takes C. minds D. describes65. A. please B. change C. listen D. followSection BDirections Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Being a normal, healthy nineteen-year-old, Rhona was in the habit of falling asleep the moment her head touched her pillow and not wakening up again until her mother called her at seven-thirty.When she awoke that morning in the grey light of early dawn, she had no idea what had disturbed her. Then she imagined, orthought she imagined, a faint smell of smoke around her nostrils (鼻孔). What was strange, though, was the very fact that she was wide awake and, according to her bedside clock, it was only a quarter to four.She sat up, listening, alert. There was definitely a smell of burning. Rising quickly, she crossed to the window and opened it quietly, thinking it would be the remains of some garden bonfire. But it wasn’t. She saw smoke and flam es billowing out of a downstairs window next door.Barefoot and in pyjamas, she ran first to her parents’ room, opening their door to call, “Mum! Dad! There’s a fire next door!”Downstairs in a flash, she hurriedly dialed 999 and gave her name and address in clear, brief tones. By the time she had finished, Graeme, her elder brother, was coming running downstairs.“You go to their front door—I’ll go to the back,” she said to him.As she banged on their neighbors’ back door, she could hear a child crying in fear. Without stopping to think, Rhona lifted the large doorstop and smashed it through a glass panel, put her hand in and turned the key which opened the door.Through the smoke she saw a drying screen hung with white washing and she grabbed at as many of the damp clothes as she could on her way past towards the stairs. Halfway up she met Mr Parker carrying the baby and she hurriedly gave him some wet towels before doing the same for Mrs Parker who was behind him leading two-year-old Clare by the hand.“Crouch down as low as you can,” Rhona directed them as she took the child’s other hand. Within a matter of seconds the family was safely outside.66. Rhona woke up early in the morning because_________.A. her mother called her for an emergencyB. she heard a baby crying in fear downstairsC. she smelt something burning in the airD. the alarm clock rang as she set it67. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Rhona, together with her brother, Graeme, went to the Parkers’ rescue.B. The Parkers escaped from the burning house together.C. Rhona broke into the house by back door after smashing the glass panel.D. Rhona covered her mouth with the damp clothes before entering the Parkers’.68. According to the article, Rhona can be best described as _________.A. alert and timidB. courageous and stressedC. panic and sympatheticD. decisive and responsive69. It can be inferred that when the fire broke out, _________.A. The Parkers were at a loss what to doB. Rhona had a good knowledge of survival skillsC. Rhona showed the Parkers a safe fire escapeD. Rhona’s parents helped to save the scared children(B)Shanghai Sightseeing Bus T ourShanghai Sightseeing Bus T our consists of three tour routes City Tour (red route). Temple Tour(green route) and Pudong Tour (blue route). In addition, Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour also designs night routes to provide a platform for tourists to enjoythe night scenes of this vital city. Every bus is equipped with a guide system which is available in 8 languages Mandarin, English, Japanese, Korean, French, German, Spanish and Russian.Shanghai SightseeingBus Tour—Red Route Shanghai SightseeingBus Tour—Blue Route Shanghai SightseeingBus Tour—Green RouteTour time 1 hour 1 hour and 15 minutes Around an hourFirst run 0900 0945 0915Last run 1700May to October 2000 1715 1700Interval 30 minutes 45 minutes 45 minutes★ The time of departure or arrival is subject to change due to traffic conditions and other factors. We apologize for any inconvenience.Tickets, Services & PricesShanghai SightseeingBus TicketPrice RMB 100 Shanghai Sightseeing Bus 24-hour Package Price RMB 200 Shanghai Sightseeing Bus48-hour PackagePrice RMB 300Red routeBlue routeGreen route※ You can get on or off at any stop.※ Valid for 24 hours※ Free earphones※ Scenery introduction in 8 languages Red routeBlue routeGreen route※ You can get on or off at any stop.※ Free earphones※ Scenery introduction in 8 languages※ One single-way ticket for the Bund sightseeing tunnel※ One of scenic spots belowOne ticket for one-hour cruise on the Huangpu RiverOne ticket for Madam Tussauds ShanghaiOne ticket for Jinmao Tower sightseeing floorOne ticket for sightseeing at 94 th floor of SWFC Red route Blue routeGreen route※ You can get on or off at any stop.※ Valid for 48 hours※ Free earphones※ One ticket for one-hour cruise on the Huangpu RiverTour Description1. Tourists can buy coupons （套票）of tickets for Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour at agencies of Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour.2. Agencies of Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour will provide tourists with coupons and Big Bus brochures.3. Tourists can exchange tickets from Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour staff in uniform at stops belowAddress Time for exchangeNanjing Road (New World City) 0900—1700The Bund Tourist Service Center 0930—1630Jade Buddha Temple 0930—1630Shanghai Art Museum 0930—1630Oriental Pearl Television Tower 0930—16304. Tourists can change different tickets with couponsa. Shanghai Sightseeing Bus ticket with fixed timeb. Free tickets for scenic spots according to the different choices of touristsTel 021-********Website www. 70. According to the schedule, when does the second run of the Red Route depart?A. At 0900.B. At 1030.C. At 0930.D. At 1000.71. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Tourists hoping to visit Pudong should choose the Red Route.B. Coupons of tickets are available to tourists free of charge.C. Tourists can exchange tickets at Shanghai Art Museum at 1700.D. The 24-hour package ticket can give tourists access to the Bund sightseeing tunnel.72. To go sightseeing with Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour, a tourist can _________.A. exchange tickets round the clockB. enjoy the night scenes of the cityC. get on or off at any timeD. always expect timely arrival of the bus73. Where will you most probably find the information?A. In a bus schedule.B. In a book review.C. In a curriculum booklet.D. In a tourist guidebook.(C)Since ninety-eight percent of Hong Kong people are Chinese, half of them from Mainland China who know little English, thereseems to be no valid reason why Chinese should not be one of the official languages of Hong Kong.Generally, none-English speaking Chinese make out very well. It is mostly the courts that they experienced any great difficulty –Hong Kong’s law and court proceedings are in English – because, apparently, not sufficient attention is given to translating laws and procedures into Chinese.One other difficulty lies in the field of official communication –from Government offices. It seems no more than reasonable that such communications addressed to Chinese people should be in both Chinese and English.The Chinese Language Committee has, in its four reports to Government, proposed that the Chinese language should have equal status with the English language in meetings of the Legislative Council, the Urban Council and Government Boards and Committees; in oral and written communications between Government and the public; in court-proceedings and the language of the law; and in the Hong Kong School Certificate of Education Examinations – all that by 1974 or 1975.The key-word in the recommendation is status, as Judge T.L. Yang, Chairman of the Legal Sub-committee of the government-appointed Chinese Language Committee, pointed out. He is not happy with the term Fat Ting U Men which the Committee adopted to indicate the official status of the Chinese language. His Honor preferred Kun Fong U Men, meaning a language used by the government.In other words, such official language, whether Chinese or English, need not necessarily be used in every instance. Consequently, situations may occur in which only Chinese is used by the government and, again, othercommunication situations in which only English is used. As one Chinese newspaper editorial pointed out, equal status does not necessarily mean equal use – whether in law or any other official communication.The result of the Chinese Language Committee’s four Reports seems to be that Chinese and English are now used in the Urban Council and the Legislative Council meetings and are likely to be used shortly in other circumstances prospected by that Committee. Let it be noted, however, that in Hong Kong, as everywhere else, new ideas take hold very slowly –unless pressure is exerted from some quarter or another.For instance, after the demonstrations by post-secondary students in favor of Chinese as an official language, Government communicated with the public in both Chinese and English. However, when such communication appeared in writing, the Chinese translation was often so inadequate that the receivers, if they were able, read the English to understand the meaning of the Chinese.74. According to the writer, Chinese should be made an official language because ________.A. most Hong Kong citizens have an adequate command of ChineseB. some Hong Kong citizens find considerable difficulty in legal languageC. the population of Hong Kong is predominantly ChineseD. the national pride of the Hong Kong Chinese urges them to demand it.75. The main idea of the sixth paragraph is that ________.A. equal status of English and Chinese means equal useB. only Chinese should be used in official communicationC. both English and Chinese should be employed in all official communicationD. both English and Chinese or either language should be used as the situation demands76. The phrase or word nearest in meaning to take hold in the seventh paragraph is ________.A. fasten upon the mindB. graspC. are rejectedD. are accepted77. The writer, in his conclusion, implies that ________.A. the government will be forced to accept Chinese as an official languageB. good translators are definitely inadequate in Hong KongC. many difficulties will arise from translating English into ChineseD. a person has to be bilingual (双语的) before he understands translations in Chinese(D)Sunshine might be healthier than most people think, outweighing the risk of skin cancer. British doctors suggested last week and ran straight into a storm. The four researchers at Bristol University in western England were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun. Exper ts agree exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays (紫外线) increases the risk of skin cancer and accelerates the signs of aging. But in the British Medical Journal, the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, “There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”Vitamin D, made in the body in reaction to sunlight, prevented rickets (软骨病) in children and was associated with aprotective effect against heart disease.Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was evidence that it reduced the incidence of multiple sclerosis (硬化症). There was also the “feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun.” The researchers said it was too earl y to advise people to spend more time in the sun, but suggested the basis of the current advice to cover up should be reviewed.“Perhaps, while we await the conclusions of such formal analyses, those of us who enjoy spending time in the sun can rest assured that the chance that we will be one of the people dying from the sun is small.” they added.Their article was strongly criticized by health campaigners who claimed it was unbalanced and not backed by scientific evidence. Britain’s Health Education Auth ority said skin cancer was the most common form of cancer in the country, with more than 50,000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 2,000 people dying from the disease. It said treatment almost always required surgery and almost 50 per cent of cases were fatal. The authority’s skin cancer campaign manager Christopher New said, “We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesn’t have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk of undoing many years of good health education.”(Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. According to the four researchers at Bristol University, ______________________________ does more good than harm.79. What does the author mean by saying “the British doctors ra n straight into a storm”?80. The “good health education” reminds people ______________________________.81. People have not yet been able to reach an agreement on ______________________________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 老师让我用熟悉的词替换生词。
上海市普陀区2015届高三二模英语考试卷(含详细答案)
上海市普陀区2015高三二模英语考试卷（考试时间 120分钟试卷满分 150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. At the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.2. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher. D. A boss.3. A. She expected more people at the party. B. She enjoys entertaining small children.C. She has always enjoyed great popularity.D. She threw a surprise party for her friend.4. A. It is 4:10 now. B. It is 4:20 now. C. It is 4:50 now. D. It is 4:40 now.5. A. Mark was too busy to call the man.B. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.C. The woman had forgotten Mark?s phone number.D. Mark and the woman hadn?t been in touch for long.6. A. The library is closed on weekends. B. He was not allowed to check out the book.C. He had no idea where the book was.D. He didn?t get the book he needed.7. A. The houses for sale are at high price.B. The man is unwilling to look at the houses on sale.C. The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.D. The housing sellers provide free trips for potential buyers.8. A. The man no longer smokes.B. The man is under pressure from his wife.C. The man usually follows his wife?s advice.D. The man refuses to listen to his doctor?s advice.。
2015上海市浦东新区高三一模英语试题及答案
2015上海市浦东新区高三一模英语试题及答案高考频道为您提供最及时的资讯，下面的2015上海市浦东新区高三一模英语试题及答案希望对您有所帮助上海市浦东新区2015届高三上学期期末考试（一模）英语试题考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Only one person in the group is older than he.B. His group is almost the oldest.C. He is the youngest person in the group.D. He appears only in the second photograph.2. A. It has unusually good service. B. It has excellent food.C. The service there is disappointing.D. Everything there is great.3. A. She thinks it will be better than the old one. B. She is anxious for it to be completed.C. She is worried that it is not long enough.D. She feels that it should not have been built.4. A. He often complains. B. He is never happy.C. He often does something.D. He is short.5. A. She didn’t know her daug hter could sing so well.B. She sings better than her daughter.C. She doesn’t like her daughter.D. She herself doesn’t have a good voice.6. A. Enjoyable. B. Dull. C. Moving. D. Inspiring.7. A. The apples and pears might not be good.B. The apples are not as good as the pears.C. The apples and pears are very good.D. The apples and pears are as good as they look.8. A. The talks haven’t started yetB. The talks haven’t produced any agreement.C. Their talks have achieved much.D. Their talks broke down and could go no further.9. A. The long wait. B. The broken down computer.C. The mistakes in her telephone.D. The bad telephone service.10. A. Because she feels very hot in the room.B. Because she wants to avoid meeting people.C. Because she wants to smoke a cigarette outside.D. Because she doesn’t like the smell of smoke inside.Section BDirections In Section B, you will hear two short passages, andyou will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Many cars were turned upside down as a result of the flood.B. Peter’s hometown was located in the mountains.C. There were many large stones on the roads after the flood.D. Tractors and lorries were busy carrying food to the flooded area.12. A. How people fought against a natural disaster.B. Help was rushed to the flood-stricken city.C. A big flood struck Peter’s hometown.D. Many people died in a serious flood.13. A. The big flood occurred in July.B. Over 2500 people lost their homes.C. More than 100 people died in the flood.D. The victims of the flooded area were carried to safety by helicopters.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because he was so tired that he collapsed.B. Because he liked snacks so much that he took it almost every day.C. Because the fast food he often took caused him to become weaker and weaker.D. Because he wanted to be given blood transfusions.15. A. When people are so busy, they will skip their meals. They usually have takeaways or snacks instead.B. The speaker regrets to have taken too much fast food, he advises others not to follow hisexample.C. The speaker prefers quick snacks to home-cooked meals.D. The speaker had intended to cook something nourishing.16. A. Have a wonderful time! B. Enjoy your good health!C. Have a satisfying meal!D. Thank you for your meal!Section CDirections In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation•Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.1. How many cups of coffee has Fred drunk since lunch? ____17____.2. He drank so much coffee simply because he felt ____18____ in the class.3. According to the lady’s opinion, too much coffee is likely to cause ___19___ disease.4. Studies have shown that coffee makes you work fast but not ___20___ better.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.1. The woman is _______21_______ background music.2. Background music is supposed to _______22_______ people’s attitudes.3. Music gives you __________23__________ and people around you.4. Fast music makes customers spend ___________24__________ in hamburger places.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)You can’t go near the City Centre Mall in downtown Seattle without seeing the mermaid logo of a certain international coffee company. Today the company (25) _______(establish) 5,945 stores in the United States and 2,392 more overseas and in Canada. While it (26) _______ seem that there is already a Starbucks at every corner, Chairman Howard Schultz says the company is just getting started. The company plans to double the current number of domestic stores to nearly 12,000. To meet (27) _______ target, Sawbucks will start more stores at airports and supermarkets. Don’t be fooled the key to its success is not the taste of its coffee. (28) _______ has made them great is making sure that no one has a bad experience in their stores.One way it intends to keep further its growth is to movecustomers through its line more quickly. While Starbucks executives love to talk about their store’s gent le environment as a “third place” (29) _______ home and work, it turns out that only 30 percent of customers actually use the tables and couches. Everyone else (30) _______ (grab) their coffee to go, (31) _____ _____ one third of new stores will now offer drive-through.The company is also coming up with new ideas (32) _______ (get) customers to dig deeper into their wallets. On each floor of Starbucks headquarters south of downtown Seattle, employees of the company tout（兜售）new plans for food and new drinks such as coffee liqueurs（咖啡酒）and this year’s holiday offering pumpkin spice lattes.(B)Art of livingAristotle once wrote that “happiness is a state of activity”. In other words, whether you are seeking lifelong satisfaction (33) ______ a few moments of good cheer, you have got to move forward. We’ve surveyed the experts and found four steps to take toward a sunny disposition（性格）1. VALUE YOUR RELATIONSHIPSOver a 30-year period, University of Illinois researchers asked nearly 12,000 people (34) ______ income, education, political participation, volunteer activities, and close relationships affected their happiness. Reported Newsweek’s Sharon Begley on the findings, “The highest level of happiness (35) ______ (find) with the most stable, longest, an d most contented relationships.”2. EXPRESS YOURSELFSinging aloud, talking to a stranger, raising your hand All may increase a feeling of well-being, according to a study from Wake Forest University. Participants tracked their moods for two weeksand reported feeling happier when they were (36) ______ (outgoing).3. SPEND MONEY ON OTHERSThe editors of gave $5 or $20 randomly to 46 strangers. Half the group was told to spend money on (37) ______, while the other half was told to spend it on others. Those who’d shared the wealth felt much happier at the end of the day than those who’d spent it on themselves. There was no difference in happiness between those who spent $5 or $20, suggesting that it’s not how much money you spend, but how you sp end it, (38) ______ can boost (提升) the spirit.4. FOCUS ON THE POSITVEStudies from the University of Pennsylvania’s Positive Psychology Center show (39) ______ negative-minded people who wrote down three good things that happened to them each day for six months reported an (40) ______ (improve) outlook.Section BDirections Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. recallB. presentC. handlingD. defeatingE. containingF. contentG. minimizedH. evidentlyI. refreshJ. eventuallyK. exhaustedMost individuals experience some form of test anxiety when they take an important examination. This anxiety can 41 itself in physical symptoms like nausea or sweaty palms, or in emotional symptoms like panic and irritability. Often, individuals will become nervous long before the exam date because they feel 42 by the amount of material they must master. The firststep in 43 this anxiety is realizing that test anxiety is a natural reaction, and that it can be 44 . In order to regain control over anxiety, one should break the exam 45 into smaller sections. It will seem much easier to master a series of small subjects than to handle a huge subject all at once.Test-takers should make a study schedule weeks or months ahead of the exam, and give themselves a small amount to learn each period. When the exam day 46 arrives, anxiety will be reduced by the feeling of preparedness. Apart from that, anxiety can be lessened in a few easy ways. First, avoid having any excessively stimulating foods, such as those 47 caffeine or sugar, on the day of the exam. Getting a good night's sleep and a little bit of exercise will 48 one's brain and allow for easy 49 of the learned material. During the exam, breathe deeply and sit in a comfortable position. On exams where this is possible, many people find comfort in going through and answering all of the easy questions before 50 the more difficult ones.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Leadership is a word getting a lot of attention these days. It appears in the title of new advice, how-to, and business books with amazing 51 . Definitions vary, but most of the ones I’ve seen don’t help much. It’s a totally 52 subject You think A is a great leader; I like B’s 53 better. That is, you may not be able to 54 it, but you know it when you see it.So this is my take on the elusive (难以捉摸的) conceptYears ago, leadership had 55 to do with a specific ability. “Leader” was the56 given to the emperor of the organization. The person was the commander, the 57 with complete control. But 58 there is another way to establish yourself as a leader.Here is my definition Leadership is the ability to get others to do what you want, need, or expect them to do, and feel good about doing it. It is the 59 part (feeling good about doing it) that is so elusive.If I am in charge, I can certainly demand you do what I expect you to do and insist you get it done. I can give orders. 60 , I am the boss, and everyone knows what that means. It is a sure way to destroy the atmosphere of the 61 .Today, I believe that approach is on the way 62 , although it will always be with us. When people hate the boss, sure, the boss is called “leader”—but not a good one, because the followers are an unhappy bunch. If they had another, 63 job to go to, they would be gone in a minute.Here is a list of the qualities I believe it 64 to be a good leader 1. Likable; 2. Trustworthy; 3. Competent and experienced;4. Part of the team;5. Able and willing to participate;6. Ready to 65 ;7. Adaptable to change;8. Eager to share credit.51. A. activity B. regularity C. reality D. sensitivity52. A. wrong B. unnecessary C. objective D. subjective53. A. system B. style C. sample D. speech54. A. define B. understand C. analyze D. summarize55. A. a lot B. something C. nothing D.everything56. A. rank B. type C. title D. honor57. A. authority B. candidate C. specialist D. assistant58. A. reasonably B. hopefully C. sadly D. fortunately59. A. first B. second C. former D. whole60. A. Above all B. After all C. For instance D. On the contrary61. A. friendship B. school C. company D. workplace62. A. over B. in C. along D. out63. A. money-saving B. highly-demanding C. decent-paying D. far-reaching64. A. endures B. takes C. minds D. describes65. A. please B. change C. listen D. followSection BDirections Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Being a normal, healthy nineteen-year-old, Rhona was in the habit of falling asleep the moment her head touched her pillow and not wakening up again until her mother called her at seven-thirty.When she awoke that morning in the grey light of early dawn, she had no idea what had disturbed her. Then she imagined, orthought she imagined, a faint smell of smoke around her nostrils (鼻孔). What was strange, though, was the very fact that she was wide awake and, according to her bedside clock, it was only a quarter to four.She sat up, listening, alert. There was definitely a smell of burning. Rising quickly, she crossed to the window and opened it quietly, thinking it would be the remains of some garden bonfire. But it wasn’t. She saw smoke and flames billowing out of a downstairs window next door.Barefoot and in pyjamas, she ran first to her parents’ room, opening their door to call, “Mum! Dad! There’s a fire next door!”Downstairs in a flash, she hurriedly dialed 999 and gave her name and address in clear, brief tones. By the time she had finished, Graeme, her elder brother, was coming running downstairs.“You go to their front door—I’ll go to the back,” she said to him.As she banged on their neighbors’ back door, she could hear a child crying in fear. Without stopping to think, Rhona lifted the large doorstop and smashed it through a glass panel, put her hand in and turned the key which opened the door.Through the smoke she saw a drying screen hung with white washing and she grabbed at as many of the damp clothes as she could on her way past towards the stairs. Halfway up she met Mr Parker carrying the baby and she hurriedly gave him some wet towels before doing the same for Mrs Parker who was behind him leading two-year-old Clare by the hand.“Crouch down as low as you can,” Rhona directed them as she took the child’s other hand. Within a matter of seconds the family was safely outside.66. Rhona woke up early in the morning because_________.A. her mother called her for an emergencyB. she heard a baby crying in fear downstairsC. she smelt something burning in the airD. the alarm clock rang as she set it67. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Rhona, together with her brother, Graeme, went to the Parkers’ rescue.B. The Parkers escaped from the burning house together.C. Rhona broke into the house by back door after smashing the glass panel.D. Rhona covered her mouth with the damp clothes before entering the Parkers’.68. According to the article, Rhona can be best described as _________.A. alert and timidB. courageous and stressedC. panic and sympatheticD. decisive and responsive69. It can be inferred that when the fire broke out, _________.A. The Parkers were at a loss what to doB. Rhona had a good knowledge of survival skillsC. Rhona showed the Parkers a safe fire escapeD. Rhona’s parents helped to save the scared children(B)Shanghai Sightseeing Bus T ourShanghai Sightseeing Bus T our consists of three tour routes City Tour (red route). Temple Tour(green route) and Pudong Tour (blue route). In addition, Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour also designs night routes to provide a platform for tourists to enjoythe night scenes of this vital city. Every bus is equipped with a guide system which is available in 8 languages Mandarin, English, Japanese, Korean, French, German, Spanish and Russian.Shanghai SightseeingBus Tour—Red Route Shanghai SightseeingBus Tour—Blue Route Shanghai SightseeingBus Tour—Green RouteTour time 1 hour 1 hour and 15 minutes Around an hourFirst run 0900 0945 0915Last run 1700May to October 2000 1715 1700Interval 30 minutes 45 minutes 45 minutes★ The time of departure or arrival is subject to change due to traffic conditions and other factors. We apologize for any inconvenience.Tickets, Services & PricesShanghai SightseeingBus TicketPrice RMB 100 Shanghai Sightseeing Bus 24-hour Package Price RMB 200 Shanghai Sightseeing Bus48-hour PackagePrice RMB 300Red routeBlue routeGreen route※ You can get on or off at any stop.※ Valid for 24 hours※ Free earphones※ Scenery introduction in 8 languages Red routeBlue routeGreen route※ You can get on or off at any stop.※ Free earphones※ Scenery introduction in 8 languages※ One single-way ticket for the Bund sightseeing tunnel※ One of scenic spots belowOne ticket for one-hour cruise on the Huangpu RiverOne ticket for Madam Tussauds ShanghaiOne ticket for Jinmao Tower sightseeing floorOne ticket for sightseeing at 94 th floor of SWFC Red route Blue routeGreen route※ You can get on or off at any stop.※ Valid for 48 hours※ Free earphones※ One ticket for one-hour cruise on the Huangpu RiverTour Description1. Tourists can buy coupons （套票）of tickets for Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour at agencies of Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour.2. Agencies of Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour will provide tourists with coupons and Big Bus brochures.3. Tourists can exchange tickets from Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour staff in uniform at stops belowAddress Time for exchangeNanjing Road (New World City) 0900—1700The Bund Tourist Service Center 0930—1630Jade Buddha Temple 0930—1630Shanghai Art Museum 0930—1630Oriental Pearl Television Tower 0930—16304. Tourists can change different tickets with couponsa. Shanghai Sightseeing Bus ticket with fixed timeb. Free tickets for scenic spots according to the different choices of touristsTel 021-********Website www. 70. According to the schedule, when does the second run of the Red Route depart?A. At 0900.B. At 1030.C. At 0930.D. At 1000.71. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Tourists hoping to visit Pudong should choose the Red Route.B. Coupons of tickets are available to tourists free of charge.C. Tourists can exchange tickets at Shanghai Art Museum at 1700.D. The 24-hour package ticket can give tourists access to the Bund sightseeing tunnel.72. To go sightseeing with Shanghai Sightseeing Bus Tour, a tourist can _________.A. exchange tickets round the clockB. enjoy the night scenes of the cityC. get on or off at any timeD. always expect timely arrival of the bus73. Where will you most probably find the information?A. In a bus schedule.B. In a book review.C. In a curriculum booklet.D. In a tourist guidebook.(C)Since ninety-eight percent of Hong Kong people are Chinese, half of them from Mainland China who know little English, thereseems to be no valid reason why Chinese should not be one of the official languages of Hong Kong.Generally, none-English speaking Chinese make out very well. It is mostly the courts that they experienced any great difficulty –Hong Kong’s law and court proceedings are in English – because, apparently, not sufficient attention is given to translating laws and procedures into Chinese.One other difficulty lies in the field of official communication –from Government offices. It seems no more than reasonable that such communications addressed to Chinese people should be in both Chinese and English.The Chinese Language Committee has, in its four reports to Government, proposed that the Chinese language should have equal status with the English language in meetings of the Legislative Council, the Urban Council and Government Boards and Committees; in oral and written communications between Government and the public; in court-proceedings and the language of the law; and in the Hong Kong School Certificate of Education Examinations – all that by 1974 or 1975.The key-word in the recommendation is status, as Judge T.L. Yang, Chairman of the Legal Sub-committee of the government-appointed Chinese Language Committee, pointed out. He is not happy with the term Fat Ting U Men which the Committee adopted to indicate the official status of the Chinese language. His Honor preferred Kun Fong U Men, meaning a language used by the government.In other words, such official language, whether Chinese or English, need not necessarily be used in every instance. Consequently, situations may occur in which only Chinese is used by the government and, again, othercommunication situations in which only English is used. As one Chinese newspaper editorial pointed out, equal status does not necessarily mean equal use – whether in law or any other official communication.The result of the Chinese Language Committee’s four Reports seems to be that Chinese and English are now used in the Urban Council and the Legislative Council meetings and are likely to be used shortly in other circumstances prospected by that Committee. Let it be noted, however, that in Hong Kong, as everywhere else, new ideas take hold very slowly –unless pressure is exerted from some quarter or another.For instance, after the demonstrations by post-secondary students in favor of Chinese as an official language, Government communicated with the public in both Chinese and English. However, when such communication appeared in writing, the Chinese translation was often so inadequate that the receivers, if they were able, read the English to understand the meaning of the Chinese.74. According to the writer, Chinese should be made an official language because ________.A. most Hong Kong citizens have an adequate command of ChineseB. some Hong Kong citizens find considerable difficulty in legal languageC. the population of Hong Kong is predominantly ChineseD. the national pride of the Hong Kong Chinese urges them to demand it.75. The main idea of the sixth paragraph is that ________.A. equal status of English and Chinese means equal useB. only Chinese should be used in official communicationC. both English and Chinese should be employed in all official communicationD. both English and Chinese or either language should be used as the situation demands76. The phrase or word nearest in meaning to take hold in the seventh paragraph is ________.A. fasten upon the mindB. graspC. are rejectedD. are accepted77. The writer, in his conclusion, implies that ________.A. the government will be forced to accept Chinese as an official languageB. good translators are definitely inadequate in Hong KongC. many difficulties will arise from translating English into ChineseD. a person has to be bilingual (双语的) before he understands translations in Chinese(D)Sunshine might be healthier than most people think, outweighing the risk of skin cancer. British doctors suggested last week and ran straight into a storm. The four researchers at Bristol University in western England were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun. Experts agree exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays (紫外线) increases the risk of skin cancer and accelerates the signs of aging. But in the British Medical Journal, the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, “There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin ca ncer.”Vitamin D, made in the body in reaction to sunlight, prevented rickets (软骨病) in children and was associated with aprotective effect against heart disease.Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was evidence that it reduced the incidence of multiple sclerosis (硬化症). There was also the “feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun.” The researchers said it was too early to advise people to spend more time in the sun, but suggested the basis of the current advice to cover up should be reviewed.“Perhaps, while we await the conclusions of such formal analyses, those of us who enjoy spending time in the sun can rest assured that the chance that we will be one of the people dying from the sun is small.” they added.Their article was strongly criticized by health campaigners who claimed it was unbalanced and not backed by scientific evidence. Britain’s Health Education Authority said skin cancer was the most common form of cancer in the country, with more than 50,000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 2,000 people dying from the disease. It said treatment almost always required surgery and almost 50 per cent of cases were fatal. The authority’s skin cancer campaign manager Christopher New said, “We are very dis appointed with this controversial article. It doesn’t have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk of undoing many years of good health education.”(Note Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. According to the four researchers at Bristol University, ______________________________ does more good than harm.79. What does the author mean by saying “the British doctors ran straight into a storm”?80. The “good health education” reminds people ______________________________.81. People have not yet been able to reach an agreement on ______________________________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 老师让我用熟悉的词替换生词。
2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试题
普陀区2024学年第一学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷考生注意:1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Why Has the Great Wall Preserved So Well?The Great Wall, a symbol of ancient civilization, stretches across northern China. Despite its grandeur, (1) remains today is only a part of its former self, due to the wear and damage caused by time and nature.However, a recent discovery reveals that nature (2) might be playing a crucial role in preserving this historical wonder. Thin layers of bacteria and other organisms, known as biocrusts, have been considered (3) (protect) sections of the Great Wall, sheltering it from wind and rain, and other destructive elements.A study published in Science Advances highlights the significant role these “living skins” play in conserving this ancient architectural marvel. (4) advances in technology and research, scientists are now exploring the potential of cultivating new biocrusts to prevent further degradation of the Wall.Nichole Barger, an ecologist, praises the study as “innovative and creative", noting that the protective effects of biocrusts (5) (gain) increasing recognition in recent years. It is acknowledged that dryland ecosystems (6) (stabilize) and soil erosion(侵蚀)is prevented by these biological layers.(7) the more famous sections of the Great Wall are constructed from stones or bricks, other parts were built using packed soil. Yet, the same packed soils can also host biocrusts,(8) cover about 12% of the Earth's land surface, particularly in dry regions like northern China. These biocrusts vary in form, (9) (range) from thin bacterial networks to thicker layers of lichen (青苔).Soil scientist Bo Xiao from the China Agricultural University, along with his colleagues, conducted a study to investigate the role of biocrusts in preserving the Great Wall. Their research revealed that biocrusts, primarily (10) (compose) of moss or bacteria, covered more than two-thirds of the Wall's surface in the areas they examined. By studying the physical properties, they made a significant discovery.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that thereFind Your Life’s WorkEveryone has their own life values. You wonder what your vocation is and where you could successfully 11 your potential? Here are some tips.·Turn Passion into ProfitDo not 12 this statement: find something you like and you won't have to work a day. There is no better 13 than getting good money for your hobby. So, think about what you really like to do even for free. Even if you only love to play online games and taste delicious food, you can go for cooking or tasting, game development or go into e-sports, start a thematic blog - as you can see, there are a lot of options.·Imagine an Ideal WorldAnother way to understand what is most important to you is to reflect on what an ideal world should look like. Perhaps your purpose is 14 to bring the real world closer to this ideal image. Don't limit yourself to 15 . Let go of fantasy and let yourself just dream. Write down any thoughts that come to mind. Pay attention to all the details and 16 ,and then think about how to translate them into reality.·Recall Your Best MomentsTo determine your top 17 , think about the moments in which you experienced the greatest joy. What has given you the most satisfaction in the past? Take a little time and remember all the times when you were sincerely glad. So, you will understand what your main 18 are at this stage of life.·Create a RoadmapYou've identified your goals. Now, develop a detailed plan, like drawing a map from your current life to your desired future. Find the best route from point A to point B. Think about what skills you need to 19 and what daily habits are worth adding to your life. The more specific points you put on the map, the easier it will be to 20 them and start moving towards your goal.II. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In Indonesia, researchers recently captured a remarkable behavior on video. A wild ape named Rakus, with a deep wound on his cheek, was seen 21 a kind of leaves, chewing them up, and applying them to his injury. Surprisingly, the wound healed without infection. Studies reveal that these plants have medical properties, which likely 22 his recovery. Rakus's actions demonstrate a deep understanding of botany -a knowledge of plants few humans 23 today.Although our collective knowledge of plant science grows, individual 24 of plants is declining. In modern life, while we still depend on plants for survival, fewer people find it necessary to know much about them 25 . Most of us rely on botanists to identify and understand plants, trusting their expertise (专门知识) to ensure our wellbeing. However, the number of professional botanists is shrinking, and this 26 has raised concerns within the field.The National Center for Education Statistics sounded an early alarm in 2015, noting that the number of botany degrees awarded in the United States had fallen below 400. While that number has since 27 slightly, with 489 degrees awarded in 2023, the number of institutions offering botany degrees continues to decline, from 76 in 2002 to 59 in 2023. “Botany Ph.Ds. are disappearing," says Kathryn Parsley, a biologist who focuses on plants but didn't pursue a botany degree due to limited 28 .Funding shifts are a primary factor leading to botany's decline. The National Science Foundation(NSF), 29 , has moved its funding priorities away from traditional botany, 30applied sciences with economic potential. This 31 impacts university funding decisions, leading many schools to reduce or eliminate botany programs.The declining 32 in botany is further driven by “plant blindness,” a phenomenon where people ignore plants in their environment, failing to recognize their importance. In the United States and the United Kingdom, as botany professors retire, they are often not 33 , leaving a gap in plant expertise. This 34 could become a pressing issue, particularly in sectors like ecological restoration, where plant identification skills are crucial.While some botanists believe the field is evolving rather than disappearing, the demand for plant knowledgeremains critical. Proposed legislation, such as the Botany Bill in the U.S., seeks to preserve plant expertise. 45 ,the challenge of maintaining essential plant skills persists, highlighting the urgent need to recognize and address the value of botany.21. A.covering B.absorbing C.harvesting D.skipping22. A.accounted for B.put off C.took on D.resulted from23. A.revise B.enhance C.subscribe D.possess24. A.sampling B.understanding C.occupation anization25. A.personally B.originally C.naturally D.joyfully26. A.greed B.tradition C.impression D.trend27. A.endured B.stimulated C.recovered D.discounted28. A.edition B.availability C.research D.conservation29. A.for instance B.for sure C.in case D.on the other hand30. A.channeling B.equipping C.favoring D. blocking31. A.entry bination parison D.shift32. A.interest B.emergence C.intention D.evidence33. A.invited B.replaced C.registered D.involved34. unch B.shortage C.motive D.pattern35. A.Hence B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.NeverthelessSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)SummerhillThis is a story of a modern school—Summerhill. Summerhill began as an experimental school. It is no longer such; it is now a demonstration school, for it demonstrates that freedom works. When my wife and I began the school, we had one main philosophy: to make the school fit the child - instead of making the child fit the school.Obviously, a school that makes active children sit at desks studying mostly useless subjects is a bad school. It is a good school only for those who believe in such a school, for those uncreative citizens who want obedient, uncreative children who will fit into a civilization whose standard of success is fame and fortune.I had taught in ordinary schools for many years. I knew the other way well. I knew it was all wrong. It was wrong because it was based on an adult conception of what a child should be and of how a child should learn.Well, we set out to make a school in which we should allow children freedom to be themselves. In order to do this, we had to abandon all disciplines, all directions, all suggestions, all moral training, and all religious instructions. We have been called brave, but it did not require courage. All it required was what we had—a complete belief in the child as a good, not an evil, being.My view is that a child is born wise and realistic. If left to himself without adult suggestions of any kind, he will develop as far as he is capable of developing. Logically, Summerhill is a place in which people who have the inherent ability and wish to be scholars will be scholars; while those who are only fit to sweep the streets will sweep the streets. But we have not produced a street cleaner so far. Nor do I write this snobbishly (势利的), for I would rather see a school produce a happy street cleaner than an anxious scholar.36. According to the passage, what was the primary idea behind starting Summerhill School?A. To ensure students become happy scholars.B. To focus on moral and religious instructions.C. To make the school adapt to the needs of each child.D. To make children suitable for the existing social system.37. The founders of Summerhill School believe that children .A. need strict discipline to be successfulB. are naturally wise and realisticC. should focus primarily on religious educationD. are more creative with adult guidance38.What is the main idea of the passage?A. Summerhill School uses a unique educational approach centered on giving children freedom.B. Summerhill School believes every child has the potential to become a successful scholar.C. Summerhill School rejects strict discipline and focuses on a child-centered environment.D. Summerhill School challenges the traditional model by emphasizing children's independence.39. Why does the author mention preferring a “happy street cleaner" to an “anxious scholar"?A. To encourage students to avoid becoming worried scholars.B. To emphasize that street cleaners are happier than scholars.C. To highlight the importance of a stress-free and enriching life.D. To demonstrate that Summerhill cares less about academic achievements.(B)The following texts explore different perspectives on the topic of reducing work hours. As you read, consider the arguments and evidence presented to understand the complexities of this issue.“Reducing work hours can actually boost productivity. Studies show that employees with a 4- day work week are more focused and efficient. With fewer hours, workers spend less time on non- productive activities, experiencing less burnout and higher job satisfaction. The traditional 40-hour work week is outdated; it doesn't fit with today's fast-paced work environments or mental health needs. Companies implementing shorter weeks have seen up to a 20% increase in productivity, indicating that quality often surpasses quantity.”—Dr: Maria Thompson, Behavioral Economist“Cutting work hours sounds appealing, but it's not feasible across all industries. Some sectors, like healthcare and manufacturing, require constant coverage. Reducing hours could lead to staff shortages, increased costs, and a heavier workload for remaining employees. Not every job or person fits into a reduced-hours model. While there may be productivity gains in specific cases, generalizing this approach could harm overall workforce stability and profitability. We must consider both economic realities and the varying needs across industries.”—Professor John Baker, Labor Relations Expert“The debate over shorter work weeks has become a hot topic, with advocates pointing to mental health and productivity benefits, while opponents warn of practical and economic challenges. While the 4-day work week works for some, it may not be a one-size-fits-all solution. A balance between flexible schedules and organizational needs may ultimately offer the best path forward."—Commentary from Industry Journal Workforce Weekly40.What is the main argument presented by Dr. Maria Thompson?A. Employees with shorter work weeks are less productive.B. The traditional 40-hour work week is still highly effective.C. Reducing work hours can increase efficiency and job satisfaction.D. Shorter work hours can lead to increased burnout and inefficiency.41. What concern does Professor John Baker raise about reducing work hours?A. It will decrease productivity across all industries.B. It may lead to higher expenses and staff shortage.C. Employees will be granted too much free time.D. The mental health of employees will worsen.42. Based on the texts, why might some companies resist adopting a 4-day work week?A. They are concerned it could reduce overall productivity.B. They believe all employees prefer a traditional schedule.C. They feel it unnecessary given current mental health trends.D. They worry it won't work for industries requiring constant staffing.(C)Art has always occupied a special place in society. Many people consider artists to be the ultimate authorities on the nature and expression of beauty. For much of history, the practice of art was mysterious, and artists were viewed as being somewhat odd and often mad. Even the word most commonly associated with artists—inspiration—has its own magical qualities. Literally,"inspiration” is the breathing in of a spirit. Artists were thought of as people who were uniquely inspired to create.Of course, artists contributed to this mythology (神话). Many artists credited their talents to the presence of some supernatural power.”Whole movements of art have centered on the supposedly otherworldly nature of art. For example, the Romantic poets believed that art was a term that meant an ultimate expression of beauty and truth. The search for this ideal led them to explore both natural and supernatural themes in their works.Another persistent view of art regarded its divorce from logic. Reason and logic were the province of scientists and philosophers, whereas creativity and insight were the area of the artists. The two separate aspects of the mind were supposed to remain distinct.But in 1704, a major breakthrough occurred. Sir Isaac Newton,mathematician and physicist, published his study of light, Opticks. One of Newton's major discoveries was on the nature of color. Using a prism (棱镜),Newton found that white light is actually composed of all the colors of the rainbow. He even provided a scientific explanation for the presence of rainbows. The artistic community was shocked. A scientist had taken a beautiful and magical experience and reduced it to the simple refraction of beams of light through the prism of a raindrop. A scientist had ventured into their sacred territory.More than a hundred years later, John Keats, one of the most famous Romantic poets, accused Newton of reducing beauty by “unweaving the rainbow." His colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that the souls of five hundred Newtons would be needed to make one Shakespeare. And yet, from another perspective, Newton did not reduce the beauty of the rainbow; he enhanced it. In his search to uncover the secrets of the rainbow, Newton demonstrated the wonder, creativity, and inspiration of an artist. He also gave the world another opportunity to experience the sublime (绝妙). Newton's discovery paved the way for the development of the science of spectroscopy, a way of analyzing the chemical makeup of light. Now scientists can look at the stars and know their composition. The sense of wonder this ability creates is not much different from the wonder the poet or artist feels when staring at those same stars.43. According to the passage, what was the common view of artists in history?A. Artists were considered logical and rational.B. Artists were seen as inspired and somewhat strange.C. Artists were primarily focused on scientific discovery.D. Artists were thought to be without any supernatural beliefs.44.How did the Romantic poets react to Newton's discovery about light and color?A. They believed it added a new dimension to the appreciation of beauty.B. They credited Newton's insights to mystical influences.C. They were inspired to integrate more scientific themes in their poetry.D. They felt it faded the poetic beauty of natural phenomena.45. Why does the author mention John Keats' and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's views on Isaac Newton?A. To emphasize the superior creativity of poets over scientists.B. To highlight the impact of scientific discoveries on artistic perception.C. To state that Shakespeare's knowledge of beauty was unmatched.D. To show that Romantic poets objected to scientific progress.46.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Artistic Interpretation of ScienceB. The Contrast between Art and LogicsC. The Interplay of Art and ScienceD. Isaac Newton's Influence on ArtsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can beLittle Miss MozartAn 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, who lived in Surrey with her parents, was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage.47 Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere. During an interview with NBC's Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind.48The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages. 49Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn't make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody.Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over”when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation's Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online. 50 She said, “I love Mozart very much. He's probably my favourite composer, but I don't really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don't like being called ‘little’. I'm very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring."III.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Price of WinningFourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He's out of the game because he made a mistake. For his coach, that's unacceptable—mistakes don't win games. But for most teens, the focus on winning isn't as important. In a recent study, 90% of teenagers said they would rather play and lose than sit on the sidelines and not play at all. For them, sports are about fun, learning, and being part of a team. However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players.Unfortunately, this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. In competitive events, nearly every action a player makes is examined. Parents and coaches constantly shout instructions, sometimes yelling at kids for errors or missed shots. This intense environment doesn't let kids make their own choices or learn from their mistakes. Instead of enjoying the game, young players feel watched and judged every second. They lose the freedom to explore their abilities and develop naturally as athletes and individuals.The emphasis on winning creates deeper issues, too. Many kids feel anxious because they're only praised for scoring goals or winning races, not for trying hard or improving. Over time, this focus on results can harm their self-confidence, especially if they're often benched. They start to believe they're only valuable if they perform perfectly, which can make sports feel like a burden instead of a joy.Two months later, Angus is back playing baseball - but not on a team. He's at the park with friends, playing just for fun, and he's much happier. This raises an important question: How many potential champions will quit sports unless adults change their attitude? For young athletes to thrive, they need support and encouragement, not the pressure to always win.IV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52.接到电话说航班已取消，她立刻出发去了火车站。
2023届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试卷(含答案解析)
2023届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试卷(含答案解析)2023届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试卷(含答案解析)[此处省略题目部分]Introduction英语试卷是评估学生英语能力的重要工具之一。
本文将带您深入了解2023届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试卷，并提供答案解析，以帮助学生更好地备考。
Section 1: Listening Comprehension (听力理解)The listening comprehension section assesses a student's ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. It consists of multiple-choice questions based on audio clips. This section helps evaluate students' listening skills and their comprehension of spoken English.Section 2: Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)The reading comprehension section evaluates students' ability to understand written English texts. It includes a variety of passages, such as news articles, interviews, and fictional stories. Questions are based on the passages and may require students to identify main ideas, analyze details, or draw conclusions.Section 3: Vocabulary and Grammar (词汇和语法)This section tests students' knowledge of English vocabulary and grammar rules. It assesses their ability to choose the correct word or phrase, complete sentences with appropriate vocabulary or grammar forms, and identify errors in sentences.Section 4: Translation (翻译)The translation section examines students' proficiency in translating English sentences into Chinese or vice versa. It assesses their understandingof grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure in both languages.Section 5: Writing (写作)The writing section measures students' ability to express themselves in written English. It typically consists of essay prompts, where students are asked to provide their opinions or perspectives on a given topic. This section evaluates their ability to organize ideas, use appropriate language, and convey their thoughts effectively.Answer Analysis (答案解析)答案解析部分为学生提供试题的答案，并分析解释正确答案的原因。
2015高三一模中译英
2015高三一模中译英青浦区1.这项慈善基金的设立旨在在中国推广青少年足球。
(promote)2.要不了多久我的同学们定能学会抵制网络游戏的诱惑。
(It)3.期望尽可能多的学生参与到“个人职业生涯规划”的主题活动中。
(participate)4.如果压力过大影响了睡眠，最好还是咨询心理老师。
不然的话，你可能会有麻烦。
(consult)5.随着电影《星际穿越》（Interstellar)的发行，人们越来越意识到地球所面临的环境危机，从而开始一起行动起来去拯救地球。
(With)宝山区1.你能告诉我你热衷于网络游戏的原因吗？（crazy)2.令大家满意的是政府采取的措施比预期更有效。
(measure)3.谈到向别人表达感谢时，除了“谢谢”外，还有许多更有创意的方式。
(come)4.对于一再挑战极限的人来说，冒险是一种生活方式。
(challenge)5.任何人仅凭背单词是不可能考出好成绩的，更不用说具有和老外交流的能力了。
(Only)静安区1.你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会吗？(possible)2.桌上有本最新版的英语字典。
(On)3.意识到健康重要性的人们正在越来越关注他们的饮食。
(aware)4.正是我国宇航员的精神才使我们克服了所有的艰难险阻。
(enable)5.每天仅准许两百名游客进入博物馆参观，因为里面的物品非常珍贵。
(admit)普陀区1.孩子们总是对圣诞节的礼物充满好奇。
(curious)2.我们不确定能否按时完成任务。
(sure)3.对学生而言，身心健康与在学业表现中取得进步同样重要。
(as...as)4.评委和专家们对他昨天在表演时脸部表情以及手势动作的印象极为深刻。
(impress)5.大家一致认为任何有责任心和毅力的人都有资格申请该职位。
(whoever)虹口区1.我从未想到我校篮球队会在决赛中败北。
(occur)2.那只迷路的猴子得到了村民们的精心照顾。
(care)3.他再也无法忍受被晋升为部门经理的事实。
高三英语月考试题及答案-上海市普陀区2015届高三4月质量调研(二模)
上海市普陀区2015届高三4月质量调研（二模）英语试题（考试时间120分钟试卷满分150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. At the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.2. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher. D. A boss.3. A. She expected more people at the party. B. She enjoys entertaining small children.C. She has always enjoyed great popularity.D. She threw a surprise party for her friend.4. A. It is 4:10 now. B. It is 4:20 now. C. It is 4:50 now. D. It is 4:40 now.5. A. Mark was too busy to call the man.B. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.C. The woman had forgotten Mark’s phone number.D. Mark and the woman hadn’t been in touch for long.6. A. The library is closed on weekends. B. He was not allowed to check out the book.C. He had no idea where the book was.D. He didn’t get the book he needed.7. A. The houses for sale are at high price.B. The man is unwilling to look at the houses on sale.C. The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.D. The housing sellers provide free trips for potential buyers.8. A. The man no longer smokes.B. The man is under pressure from his wife.C. The man usually follows his wife’s advice.D. The man refuses to listen to his doctor’s advice.9. A. The man made a mistake about the date of the appointment.B. The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C. The man is glad he’s got in touch with the doctor.D. The man can’t come for the appointment at 4:15.10. A. The man is worried about his future.B. The two speakers are at a loss what to do now.C. The two speakers will graduate from the college.D. The woman regrets spending her time doing nothing.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A professional diver. B. A rescuer on the Golden Gate Bridge.C. A telephone operator.D. A guard on the Golden Gate Bridge.12. A. Someone has fallen off the bridge.B. Someone on the bridge is being attacked.C. Someone is threatening to destroy the bridge.D. Someone on the bridge is attempting to kill himself.13. A. Call the mother to come right away.B. Try to communicate with them first.C. Help them to get out of their misery.D. Remind them that they have children to take care of.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The standards for being fit vary from person to person.B. A healthy lifestyle is a must for being fit.C. We may not know how fit we are without tests.D. Personal goals are more important than needs to decide whether one is fit.15. A. It is more accurate. B. It is more flexible.C. It is less enjoyable.D. It is less effective.16. A. An accountant who can be as physically fit as an athlete.B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness.C. New concept of fitness and its essential factors.D. Some sports with significant training effect.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Good ideas often start with really silly questions. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles (华夫饼干) for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber (25)____ his waffle iron. Later, he tried it and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies, he was laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather discouraged, Bowerman persevered and went on (26)____ (form) his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration. When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he needed to have some paperwork (27)____(deliver) across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a long while (28)____ (wonder) why. Why couldn’t there be a reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into (29)____ class project. His business professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith was not through. Heimproved the ideas in that class project and eventually turned (30)____ into one of the first and (31)____ (successful) overnight mail services in the world—FedEx.We know today, of course, that each of these ideas led to an incredibly successful product or service (32)____ has changed the way many of us live. The best questions are usually open-ended and are often si lly. Children aren’t afraid to ask such questions, but adults frequently are. Think how different the world might be (33)____ people never asked “silly” question!(B)A lot of people in the world today are used to working, going on holiday, and having money—but many of them aren’t happy. Yet other people seem to be really happy,(34)____ ____ they are poor, or have no job, or are surrounded by problems. Why?Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, from the University of Chicago, has interviewed thousands of pe ople who have a happy life to find out how they do it. “I (35)____ (study) happiness for over 30 years,” says Csikszentmihalyi. “My interest in the subject came from my own experience as a child during World War II, when I saw many adults destroyed by the terrible events. But there were always a few who kept their courage, helped others, and were able to give a sense of purpose and meaning to their lives. I wanted to find out how a person (36)____ build a fulfilling and enjoyable life.”In general, his research showed that people were unhappy doing nothing. The professor stresses that happy people don’t waste time, either at work or when they’re free. “Many people feel the time that they spend at work or at school wasted. But often their free time (37)___ _ (waste) as well. Many people are used to doing passive things—watching television, for example—without (38)____ (use) any skills. As a result, life goes past in a series of boring experiences.”But it doesn’t have to be this way. The professor has found th at people are happy when they get into (39)____ he calls “flow”. When people get very involved in a task that they have chosen, and which is well-defined and challenging, they experience “flow”, a situation (40)____ they don’t notice time passing.People who are not used to happiness can learn how to be happy, says the professor, if they constantly get into “flow” states. Is happiness as easy as that? Perhaps it is.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. caseB. experienceC. growingD. dominantE. exclusionF. varietyG. decliningH. remainI. problematicJ. contributionK. shareThe world faces a future of people speaking more than one language, with English no longer seen as likely to become __41__, a British language expert says in a new analysis. “English is likely to __42__ one of the world’s most important languages for the foreseeable future, but its future is more __43__ and complex—than most people appreciate,” language researcher David Graddol said. He sees English as likely to become the “first among equals” rather than having the global field to itself. “Speakers, who only use English, of any __44__ of Engl ish—American or British—will __45__ increasing difficulty in employment and political life, and are likely to become confused by many aspects of the society and culture around them,” Graddol said.The __46__ of the world’s population that speaks English as a native language is decreasing, Graddol reported in an issue of the journal Science. The idea of English becoming the world language to the __47__ of others “is past its sell-by date,” Graddol said. Instead, he said, its major __48__ will be in creating generations who use more than one language.A multilingual(使用多种语言的) population is the __49__ in much of the world and is becoming more common in the United States. Indeed, the Census Bureau reported last year that nearly one American in five speaks a language other than English at home, with Spanish leading, and Chinese __50__ rapidly. The diversity of language, in turn, has helped to make English the nation’s official language.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.GM (转基因)crops are debatable. On one hand, some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops can make the world a __51__ place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects, __52__, then they won’t have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the __53__ ofinsect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties as well. Plants that don’t require much water, that can live even in times of drought, can help prevent the widespread __54__ that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It’s easy to see why many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet the difficult __55__ that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other people are __56__. They mistrust the claims made and don’t believe that biotechnology is without __57__. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem—the inter-related community of plants and animals and bacteria that __58__ the Earth. They __59__ that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. One danger is that GM crops can transfer their characteristics to other plants. Plants that reproduce by spreading their pollen (花粉) in the wind can possibly fertilize wild plants, making them more __60__ to control. Another problem is that GM plants might be a source of allergens(过敏源). This seems __61__, but in the process of making GM foods, genes are transferred that are known to cause problems for some people. Allergic reactions can __62__ from coughing and sneezing to death.Indeed, people hold very different opinions about __63__. While some people look forward to crops that will not rot during the trip to market, others claim that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops that can __64__ droughts, others claim that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them __65__ for use. For some people, GM crops are the hope of the future; for others, they are a poison that will harm or destroy our farmland.51. A. worse B. better C. less healthy D. more peaceful52. A. in no way B. by all means C. for example D. by contrast53. A. absence B. appearance C. case D. effect54. A. war B. poverty C. starvation D. robbery55. A. challenge B. specification C. standard D. principle56. A. knowledgeable B. supportive C. ignorant D. suspicious57. A. control B. risks C. criteria D. doubts58. A. turn up B. make up C. give up D. take up59. A. ensure B. worry C. deny D. demand60. A. temperate B. difficult C. efficient D. enjoyable61. A. inevitable B. inaccessible C. unavoidable D. unlikely62. A. suffer B. arise C. start D. range63. A. bioengineering B. allergens C. drought D. future64. A. cause B. reduce C. stand D. change65. A. efficient B. expensive C. unfit D. possibleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty material in your head that controls everything you will ever do. This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? It’s your brain—a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it “the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe.”Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove. You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from your eyes and quickly calculates when, where and at what speed you need to run to save her. Then it tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brain’s great ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons(神经元) in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny cells: neurons—it would take you more than 3,000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messagesthan all the phones in the entire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a light bulb.66. By “the most complex thing”, James Watson means ______.A. a supercomputerB. the universeC. human brainsD. our emotions67. Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?A. Brains can download more information than any computer.B. The kitten plays an important role in testing human brain power.C. Motor neurons in human brains serve to send countless messages.D. Your brains can use neurons to send messages back faster than bees’.68. The author mentions “to power light bulbs” (Para. 4) to show ______.A. neurons can send lots of messagesB. how many active tiny cells brains containC. how much electricity brains can generateD. there is countless information in the brain69. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.B. Brains work well in controlling body movements.C. Brain is the most complex structure in the universe.D. Human brains are composed of numerous neurons.(B)Read the following car rental agreement of Avis and answer the questions.Kindly indicate your return km reading, fuel gauge(计量器) reading, date and time, and return this envelope, with your keys, to the rental counter.Document numberSafe Driving in South AfricaDRIVER’S LICENCEWhen driving, you must be in possession of your driver’s licence at all times.SEAT BELTSThe law requires that you wear seat belts at all times.DRIVINGIn South Africa, driving is on the left-hand side of the road.SPEED LIMITSGenerally 60 km/hr in built-up areas, 100 km/hr in rural areas and 120 km/hr on highways. PETROLPetrol is available 24 hours per day. Unleaded (无铅) petrol should be used in Avis cars. Credit cards are not accepted for the payment of petrol.SAFETYFor your own safety, keep your doors locked while driving.LOCK UPShut windows and lock all doors and the boot when leaving the vehicle unattended. VALUABLESDo not leave personal belongings such as cell phones and valuables in your vehicle. They are not covered by our insurance.TYRESAvis undertakes that on delivery of the vehicle to the driver, the condition of the tyres will be agreeable to the laws and the tyre pressure in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications(说明书) for “normal use”.It is the responsibility of the driver to ensure that both the condition and inflation(膨胀) of the tyres are appropriate throughout the course of the rental.It is the responsibility of the driver to inspect the condition of the tyres at the beginning of therental and to make adjustments to the tyre pressure to take into account such factors as the number of passengers, mass of luggage, environment temperatures, speed and road condition.ROAD MAPSMaps of Southern Africa, including city and regional maps, can be found in a copy of the Avis Inbound magazine, in each vehicle or at the Avis Customer Service Center. More extensive area maps are obtainable from the Automobile Association (AA) and South African Tourism.70. The passage is intended for ______.A. car rentersB. traffic policeC. insurance sellersD. automobile mechanics71. The driver should _________ according to the rules about tyres.A. make the tyre condition agreeable to the lawsB. adjust tyre pressure with many factors consideredC. work out the vehicle manufacturer’s specificationsD. be responsible for driving safety and road condition72. What information hasn’t been mentioned in the leaflet?A. The speed limit in different areas.B. The requests of giving cars back to Avis.C. The ways to keep personal possessions safe.D. The instructions to fix flat tyres on the road.(C)Today’s workplace is unique in history. Never before have we seen people working together who represent such different backgrounds and experiences. This difference of age, race, gender, and work style makes it very difficult to organize and run a company.As a result, companies are looking for individuals who can manage a wide range of employees effectively. Increasingly, managers are discovering that age differences among workers are a major cause of concern.This has been an important realization. The management difficulties and challenges have led some experts to study intergenerational differences for an understanding of problems in the workplace. What they have discovered is interesting and may provide ways of improving workingconditions in companies that employ individuals from different generations.The first thing to realize, they say, is that differences of opinion about the importance of work and how to get work done are not a coincidence. That is, it is not an accident that young employees will be different from older employees. In fact, if employers do not pay attention to these differences, it is possible that anger will build up between people and lead to difficulties in the company.Resentment (仇恨) between members of different generations, if not attended to, can lead to extreme anger and unhappiness and even lasting enmity if people are not careful. That individuals from different generations should come to view each other as if they were from different sides of warring countries should not be surprising.It is natural for individuals from the same generation to form alliances(联盟), to come together for protection. Different generations represent different experiences in life, and these lead natu rally to different opinions about oneself and one’s approaches to work.If you were raised in a time of plenty, when products were readily available and relatively inexpensive, you would believe that prosperity is natural and expectable. If, on the other hand, you were raised in a time of scarcity, you would always be careful not to waste things for fear you would not have enough. You would make angry people who seem to believe that problems will always solve themselves. Such optimism in the face of difficulties would be a source of unhappiness between you and them. It is difficult, in such circumstances, to achieve a happy, agreeable atmosphere in the workplace.73. What most possibly makes it difficult to organize or run a company?A. Employees are in different generations.B. Employees are of different backgrounds.C. Employees work in different styles.D. Employees are in different races.74. Employers should pay attention to ______ if they want to avoid anger between employees.A. the different understanding of problems in the workplaceB. the different views on value of work and working methodsC. the different generations of employees in the workplaceD. the different ways of expressing anger in the company75. The word “enmity” is closet in meaning to ______.A. hatredB. sorrowsC. ignoranceD. forgiveness76. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Employees in some companies regard each other as mere enemies.B. Employees’ attitudes towards life are related to the time when they grow up.C. Employees who are raised in a time of scarcity tend to be angry with others.D. Achieving a harmonious atmosphere in the workplace is the main task for employers.77. What does the writer mainly talk about in the passage?A. Employees should be cooperative and friendly with each other.B. It is difficult for employers to have workers work in a friendly way.C. The weakness of human nature causes the anger between employees.D. The generational differences cause the disharmony among employees.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Dolphins have been declared the world’s second most intelligent creatures after humans, with scientists suggesting they are so bright that they should be treated as “non-human persons”.Studies into dolphin behavior have highlighted how similar their communications are to those of humans and that they are brighter than chimpanzees. These have been backed up by anatomical (解剖学) research showing that dolphin brains have many key features associated with high intelligence. Recently, a series of behavioral studies has suggested that dolphins, especially species such as the bottlenose, whose brains weigh about 5lb, could even be brighter than chimps, which some studies have found can reach the intelligence levels of three-year-old children. The studies show how dolphins have distinct personalities, a strong sense of self and can think about the future.It has also become clear th at dolphins are “culture” animals, meaning that new types of behavior can quickly be picked up by one dolphin from another. In one study, Diana Reiss, professor of psychology at Hunter College, City University of New York, showed that bottlenose dolphins could recognize themselves in a mirror and use it to inspect various parts of their bodies, an ability that had been thought limited to humans and great apes. In another, she found that theyalso had the ability to learn an elementary symbol-based language.Other research has shown dolphins can solve difficult problems, while those living in the wild cooperate in ways that imply complex social structures and a high level of emotions. In one recent case, a dolphin rescued from the wild was taught to tail-walk for three weeks in a dolphinarium (海豚宫) in Australia. After she was released, scientists were astonished to see the trick spreading among wild dolphins who had learnt it from the former captive(被俘的). Such observations have prompted questions about the brain structures of dolphins.Researchers have found that brain size varies hugely from around 7oz for the small species to more than 19lb for the sperm whales, whose brains are the largest on the planet. Human brains, by contrast, range from 21lb-4lb. When it comes to intelligence, however, brain size is less important than its size relative to the body.oz: an ounce in weight (1oz=28g)lb: a pound in weight (1lb=454g=16oz)(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than twelve words.)78. The which in the 2nd paragraph refers to _________.79. What do bottlenose dolphins do to make Diana Reiss believe they are “culture” animals?80. The spreading of tail-walk shows wild dolphins have _________.81. What is the main factor that decides the level of intelligence according to the last paragraph?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、学校里约半数的学生热衷于玩手机游戏。
上海市普陀区2015届高三4月质量调研(二模)英语试题 Word版含答案
上海市普陀区2015届高三4月质量调研（二模）英语试题（考试时间120分钟试卷满分150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. At the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.2. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher. D. A boss.3. A. She expected more people at the party. B. She enjoys entertaining small children.C. She has always enjoyed great popularity.D. She threw a surprise party for her friend.4. A. It is 4:10 now. B. It is 4:20 now. C. It is 4:50 now. D. It is 4:40 now.5. A. Mark was too busy to call the man.B. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.C. The woman had forgotten Mark‘s phone number.D. Mark and the woman hadn‘t been in touch for long.6. A. The library is closed on weekends. B. He was not allowed to check out the book.C. He had no idea where the book was.D. He didn‘t get the book he needed.7. A. The houses for sale are at high price.B. The man is unwilling to look at the houses on sale.C. The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.D. The housing sellers provide free trips for potential buyers.8. A. The man no longer smokes.B. The man is under pressure from his wife.C. The man usually follows his wife‘s advice.D. The man refuses to listen to his doctor‘s advice.9. A. The man made a mistake about the date of the appointment.B. The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C. The man is glad he‘s got in touch with the doctor.D. The man can‘t come for the appointment at 4:15.10. A. The man is worried about his future.B. The two speakers are at a loss what to do now.C. The two speakers will graduate from the college.D. The woman regrets spending her time doing nothing.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A professional diver. B. A rescuer on the Golden Gate Bridge.C. A telephone operator.D. A guard on the Golden Gate Bridge.12. A. Someone has fallen off the bridge.B. Someone on the bridge is being attacked.C. Someone is threatening to destroy the bridge.D. Someone on the bridge is attempting to kill himself.13. A. Call the mother to come right away.B. Try to communicate with them first.C. Help them to get out of their misery.D. Remind them that they have children to take care of.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The standards for being fit vary from person to person.B. A healthy lifestyle is a must for being fit.C. We may not know how fit we are without tests.D. Personal goals are more important than needs to decide whether one is fit.15. A. It is more accurate. B. It is more flexible.C. It is less enjoyable.D. It is less effective.16. A. An accountant who can be as physically fit as an athlete.B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness.C. New concept of fitness and its essential factors.D. Some sports with significant training effect.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Good ideas often start with really silly questions. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles (华夫饼干) for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber (25)____ his waffle iron. Later, he tried it and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, when he took this idea to several existing shoe companies, he was laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather discouraged, Bowerman persevered and went on (26)____ (form) his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration. When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he needed to have some paperwork (27)____(deliver) across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a long while (28)____ (wonder) why. Why couldn‘t there be a reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into (29)____ class project. Hisbusiness professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith was not through. He improved the ideas in that class project and eventually turned (30)____ into one of the first and (31)____ (successful) overnight mail services in the world—FedEx.We know today, of course, that each of these ideas led to an incredibly successful product or service (32)____ has changed the way many of us live. The best questions are usually open-ended and are often silly. Children aren‘t afraid to ask such questions, but adults frequently are. Think how different the world might be (33)____ people never asked ―silly‖ question!(B)A lot of people in the world today are used to working, going on holiday, and having money—but many of them aren‘t happy. Yet other people seem to be really happy,(34)____ ____ they are poor, or have no job, or are surrounded by problems. Why?Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, from the University of Chicago, has interviewed thousands of people who have a happy life to find out how they do it. ―I (35)____ (study) happiness for over 30 years,‖ says Csikszentmihalyi. ―My interest in the subject came fro m my own experience as a child during World War II, when I saw many adults destroyed by the terrible events. But there were always a few who kept their courage, helped others, and were able to give a sense of purpose and meaning to their lives. I wanted to find out how a person (36)____ build a fulfilling and enjoyable life.‖In general, his research showed that people were unhappy doing nothing. The professor stresses that happy people don‘t waste time, either at work or when they‘re free. “Many people feel the time that they spend at work or at school wasted. But often their free time (37)___ _ (waste) as well. Many people are used to doing passive things—watching television, for example—without (38)____ (use) any skills. As a result, life goes past in a series of boring experiences.‖But it doesn‘t have to be this way. The professor has found that people are happy when they get into (39)____ he calls ―flow‖. When people get very involved in a task that they have chosen, and which is well-defined and challe nging, they experience ―flow‖, a situation (40)____ they don‘t notice time passing.People who are not used to happiness can learn how to be happy, says the professor, if theyconstantly get into “flow”states. Is happiness as easy as that? Perhaps it is.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. caseB. experienceC. growingD. dominantE. exclusionF. varietyG. decliningH. remainI. problematicJ. contributionK. shareThe world faces a future of people speaking more than one language, with English no longer seen as likely to become __41__, a British language expert says in a new analysis. ―English is likely to __42__ one of the world‘s most important languages for the foreseeable future, but its future is more __43__ and complex—than most people appreciate,‖ language researcher David Graddol said. He sees English as likely to become the ―first among equals‖ rather th an having the global field to itself. ―Speakers, who only use English, of any __44__ of English—American or British—will __45__ increasing difficulty in employment and political life, and are likely to become confused by many aspects of the society and cul ture around them,‖ Graddol said.The __46__ of the world‘s population that speaks English as a native language is decreasing, Graddol reported in an issue of the journal Science. The idea of English becoming the world language to the __47__ of others ―is p ast its sell-by date,‖ Graddol said. Instead, he said, its major __48__ will be in creating generations who use more than one language.A multilingual(使用多种语言的) population is the __49__ in much of the world and is becoming more common in the United States. Indeed, the Census Bureau reported last year that nearly one American in five speaks a language other than English at home, with Spanish leading, and Chinese __50__ rapidly. The diversity of language, in turn, has helped to make English the nation‘s official language.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.GM (转基因) crops are debatable. On one hand, some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops can make the world a __51__ place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects, __52__, then they won‘t have to worry about insects destroying plants. In the __53__ of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with other desirable properties as well. Plants that don‘t require much water, that can live even in times of drought, can help prevent the widespread __54__ that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It‘s easy to see why many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet the difficult __55__ that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other people are __56__. They mistrust the claims made and don‘t believe that biotechnology is without __57__. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem—the inter-related community of plants and animals and bacteria that __58__ the Earth. They __59__ that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. One danger is that GM crops can transfer their characteristics to other plants. Plants that reproduce by spreading their pollen (花粉) in the wind can possibly fertilize wild plants, making them more __60__ to control. Another problem is that GM plants might be a source of allergens (过敏源). This seems __61__, but in the process of making GM foods, genes are transferred that are known to cause problems for some people. Allergic reactions can __62__ from coughing and sneezing to death.Indeed, people hold very different opinions about __63__. While some people look forward to crops that will not rot during the trip to market, others claim that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops that can __64__ droughts, others claim that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them __65__ for use. For some people, GM crops are the hope of the future; for others, they are a poison that will harm or destroy our farmland.51. A. worse B. better C. less healthy D. more peaceful52. A. in no way B. by all means C. for example D. by contrast53. A. absence B. appearance C. case D. effect54. A. war B. poverty C. starvation D. robbery55. A. challenge B. specification C. standard D. principle56. A. knowledgeable B. supportive C. ignorant D. suspicious57. A. control B. risks C. criteria D. doubts58. A. turn up B. make up C. give up D. take up59. A. ensure B. worry C. deny D. demand60. A. temperate B. difficult C. efficient D. enjoyable61. A. inevitable B. inaccessible C. unavoidable D. unlikely62. A. suffer B. arise C. start D. range63. A. bioengineering B. allergens C. drought D. future64. A. cause B. reduce C. stand D. change65. A. efficient B. expensive C. unfit D. possible Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty material in your head that controls everything you will ever do. This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? It‘s your brain—a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it “the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe.‖Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove. You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from your eyes and quickly calculates when, where and at what speed you need to run to save her. Then it tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brain‘s great ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons(神经元) in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny cells: neurons—it would take you more than 3,000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity to power a light bulb.66. By ―the most complex thing‖, James Watson means ______.A. a supercomputerB. the universeC. human brainsD. our emotions67. Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?A. Brains can download more information than any computer.B. The kitten plays an important role in testing human brain power.C. Motor neurons in human brains serve to send countless messages.D. Your brains can use neuron s to send messages back faster than bees‘.68. The author mentions ―to power light bulbs‖ (Para. 4) to show ______.A. neurons can send lots of messagesB. how many active tiny cells brains containC. how much electricity brains can generateD. there is countless information in the brain69. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.B. Brains work well in controlling body movements.C. Brain is the most complex structure in the universe.D. Human brains are composed of numerous neurons.(B)Read the following car rental agreement of Avis and answer the questions.Kindly indicate your return km reading, fuel gauge(计量器) reading, date and time, and return this envelope, with your keys, to the rental counter.Document numberSafe Driving in South AfricaDRIVER‘S LICENCEWhen driving, you must be in possession of your driver‘s licence at all times.SEAT BELTSThe law requires that you wear seat belts at all times.DRIVINGIn South Africa, driving is on the left-hand side of the road.SPEED LIMITSGenerally 60 km/hr in built-up areas, 100 km/hr in rural areas and 120 km/hr on highways. PETROLPetrol is available 24 hours per day. Unleaded (无铅) petrol should be used in Avis cars. Credit cards are not accepted for the payment of petrol.SAFETYFor your own safety, keep your doors locked while driving.LOCK UPShut windows and lock all doors and the boot when leaving the vehicle unattended. VALUABLESDo not leave personal belongings such as cell phones and valuables in your vehicle. They are not covered by our insurance.TYRESAvis undertakes that on delivery of the vehicle to the driver, the condition of the tyres will be agreeable to the laws and the tyre pressure in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer‘sspecifications(说明书) for ―normal use‖.It is the responsibility of the driver to ensure that both the condition and inflation(膨胀) of the tyres are appropriate throughout the course of the rental.It is the responsibility of the driver to inspect the condition of the tyres at the beginning of the rental and to make adjustments to the tyre pressure to take into account such factors as the number of passengers, mass of luggage, environment temperatures, speed and road condition.ROAD MAPSMaps of Southern Africa, including city and regional maps, can be found in a copy of the Avis Inbound magazine, in each vehicle or at the Avis Customer Service Center. More extensive area maps are obtainable from the Automobile Association (AA) and South African Tourism.70. The passage is intended for ______.A. car rentersB. traffic policeC. insurance sellersD. automobile mechanics71. The driver should _________ according to the rules about tyres.A. make the tyre condition agreeable to the lawsB. adjust tyre pressure with many factors consideredC. work out the vehicle manufacturer‘s specificationsD. be responsible for driving safety and road condition72. What information hasn‘t been mentioned in the leaflet?A. The speed limit in different areas.B. The requests of giving cars back to Avis.C. The ways to keep personal possessions safe.D. The instructions to fix flat tyres on the road.(C)Today‘s workplace is unique in history. Never before have we seen people working together who represent such different backgrounds and experiences. This difference of age, race, gender, and work style makes it very difficult to organize and run a company.As a result, companies are looking for individuals who can manage a wide range ofemployees effectively. Increasingly, managers are discovering that age differences among workers are a major cause of concern.This has been an important realization. The management difficulties and challenges have led some experts to study intergenerational differences for an understanding of problems in the workplace. What they have discovered is interesting and may provide ways of improving working conditions in companies that employ individuals from different generations.The first thing to realize, they say, is that differences of opinion about the importance of work and how to get work done are not a coincidence. That is, it is not an accident that young employees will be different from older employees. In fact, if employers do not pay attention to these differences, it is possible that anger will build up between people and lead to difficulties in the company.Resentment (仇恨) between members of different generations, if not attended to, can lead to extreme anger and unhappiness and even lasting enmity if people are not careful. That individuals from different generations should come to view each other as if they were from different sides of warring countries should not be surprising.It is natural for individuals from the same generation to form alliances (联盟), to come together for protection. Different generations represent different experiences in life, and these lead naturally to different opinions about oneself and one‘s approaches to work.If you were raised in a time of plenty, when products were readily available and relatively inexpensive, you would believe that prosperity is natural and expectable. If, on the other hand, you were raised in a time of scarcity, you would always be careful not to waste things for fear you would not have enough. You would make angry people who seem to believe that problems will always solve themselves. Such optimism in the face of difficulties would be a source of unhappiness between you and them. It is difficult, in such circumstances, to achieve a happy, agreeable atmosphere in the workplace.73. What most possibly makes it difficult to organize or run a company?A. Employees are in different generations.B. Employees are of different backgrounds.C. Employees work in different styles.D. Employees are in different races.74. Employers should pay attention to ______ if they want to avoid anger between employees.A. the different understanding of problems in the workplaceB. the different views on value of work and working methodsC. the different generations of employees in the workplaceD. the different ways of expressing anger in the company75. The word ―enmity‖ is closet in meaning to ______.A. hatredB. sorrowsC. ignoranceD. forgiveness76. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Employees in some companies regard each other as mere enemies.B. Employees‘ attitudes towards life are related to the time when they grow up.C. Employees who are raised in a time of scarcity tend to be angry with others.D. Achieving a harmonious atmosphere in the workplace is the main task for employers.77. What does the writer mainly talk about in the passage?A. Employees should be cooperative and friendly with each other.B. It is difficult for employers to have workers work in a friendly way.C. The weakness of human nature causes the anger between employees.D. The generational differences cause the disharmony among employees.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Dolphins have been declared the world‘s second most intelligent creatures after humans, with scientists suggesting they are so bright that they should be treated as “non-human persons”.Studies into dolphin behavior have highlighted how similar their communications are to those of humans and that they are brighter than chimpanzees. These have been backed up by anatomical (解剖学) research showing that dolphin brains have many key features associated with high intelligence. Recently, a series of behavioral studies has suggested that dolphins, especially species such as the bottlenose, whose brains weigh about 5lb, could even be brighter than chimps, which some studies have found can reach the intelligence levels of three-year-old children. Thestudies show how dolphins have distinct personalities, a strong sense of self and can think about the future.It has also become clear that dolphins are “culture”animals, meaning that new types of behavior can quickly be picked up by one dolphin from another. In one study, Diana Reiss, professor of psychology at Hunter College, City University of New York, showed that bottlenose dolphins could recognize themselves in a mirror and use it to inspect various parts of their bodies, an ability that had been thought limited to humans and great apes. In another, she found that they also had the ability to learn an elementary symbol-based language.Other research has shown dolphins can solve difficult problems, while those living in the wild cooperate in ways that imply complex social structures and a high level of emotions. In one recent case, a dolphin rescued from the wild was taught to tail-walk for three weeks in a dolphinarium (海豚宫) in Australia. After she was released, scientists were astonished to see the trick spreading among wild dolphins who had learnt it from the former captive (被俘的). Such observations have prompted questions about the brain structures of dolphins.Researchers have found that brain size varies hugely from around 7oz for the small species to more than 19lb for the sperm whales, whose brains are the largest on the planet. Human brains, by contrast, range from 21lb-4lb. When it comes to intelligence, however, brain size is less important than its size relative to the body.oz: an ounce in weight (1oz=28g)lb: a pound in weight (1lb=454g=16oz)(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than twelve words.)78. The which in the 2nd paragraph refers to _________.79. What do bottlenose dolphins do to make Diana Reiss believe they are ―culture‖ animals?80. The spreading of tail-walk shows wild dolphins have _________.81. What is the main factor that decides the level of intelligence according to the last paragraph?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、学校里约半数的学生热衷于玩手机游戏。
上海市普陀区2015年中考英语一模(即期末)试题
上海市普陀区2015年中考英语一模（即期末）试题普陀区2014--15学年度第一学期初三质量调研英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）Part 1 Listening (第一部分听力）略Part 2 Phonetics, Vocabulary and GrammarII. Choose the best answer (选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）26.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A. May I take your order?B. Monitors were used in the exam.C. Luckily, I can afford the trip.D. Please wait for me in thecorner.27.Which of the following words matches the sound /pəʊl/?A. poleB. paleC. poorD. pull28.Are you in ________ favour of using an iPad in class?A. aB. anC. /D. the29.Our family celebrated Thanksgiving Day _________ November 28th, 2014.A. forB. atC. inD. on30.Each shop has _________ own way to attract customers.A. hisB. herC. itsD. My31.Here are _________ different methods to help you fall asleep.A. fewB. littleC. muchD. several32._________ my opinion, kids should learn to do some housework.A. OnB. InC. OfD. With33.Now I know your decision. Please ask _________ in your class about their ideas.A othersB the othersC otherD the other34.Although Jack is _________ manager in the company, he is popular.A seriousB more seriousC most seriousD the most serious35.The brave firemen didn’t stop working _________ all people were saved.A untilB becauseC sinceD if36.Years later, Sheldon, my cousin, realized the _________ of being a teacher.A ha ppinessB happilyC happyD happier37.The invention of Wechat（微信）makes it easier _________ in touch with friends.A keepingB keepC to keepD keeps38.More and more parents expect their children _________ on computers less.A dependB to dependC dependingD depends39.My father denies _________ my mother, but I can see love in his eyes.A to missB missC missesD missing40.- Am I late?- Don’t worry. Your favourite broadcast _________ yet.A doesn’t startB didn’t startC won’t startD hasn’t started41.Those wounded soldiers _________ in a cave and waited for help.A hideB are hidingC hidD will hide42.- _________ are you leaving for the airport?- In about half an hour.A How soonB How oftenC How farD How long43.- Must I put on my coat, Mum?- Yes, you _________. It’s freezing outside.A mayB canC mustD need44.- You don’t have to sing so loudly in the middle of the night, do you?- _________. A I ’m sorry B My pleasure C Not at all DThat ’s right45. - Alice is not in. May I take a message for you?- _________.A Never mindB No, thanks. I ’ll ring back.C You ’re welcomeD No, you may not III. Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once(将下列单词填入空格，每空格限填一词，每个单词只能填一次）When you meet some new people, you ’ll keep silent, or speak like a fool. Whena friend stops talking to you for a day or two, your mind will get crazy with the____46_____ that perhaps you did something wrong. Is this your life? Are yougettingnervous ____47_____? If you are suffering from any of the above, it ’s because youcare too much about what others think of you.Although this is not good enough, it ’s still a ____48_____ thing that happensamong us. After all, we are human and we just want to be happy. We want to be well-likedby those around us and not to ____49_____ any unnecessary trouble. More importantly,what will happen to us if we don ’t care about others? Sometimes it is a thing outof our control.When we pay high attention to others, we begin to worry about others ’ opinionsand even try to be someone else. It will have had ____50_____ on you as you startto focus your energy on others but not yourself. When caring about others ’ opinionsis taking control of your life, maybe it ’s time for you to stop and ____51_____what you real ly want and make some changes.IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their suitable form(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。