美国文学
美国文学1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传2、Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代3、Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship 英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地4、Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉5、James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者6、William Cullen Bryant威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特1794-1878 The Poems1821/1932诗选:To a Waterfowl致水鸟-----英语中最完美的短诗;Thanatopsis死亡随想---受墓园派影响; The Whitefooted Deer白蹄鹿;A Forest Hymn森林赋;The Flood of Years似水流年7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李-----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦8、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days 日子-首开自由诗之先河9．Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像10、Henry David Threau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862 Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers11、Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌12、Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy 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Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事---诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗14、John Greenleaf Whittier 约翰·格林里夫·惠蒂埃1807-1892 Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question废奴问题;Voice of Freedom自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems内战时期所作;Snow-Bound大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems海滩的帐篷Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬日田园诗15、Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽特·比彻·斯托1811-1896 Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp 德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人们16、Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯1817-1895 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克·道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom 我的枷锁与我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代17、Emily Dickinson埃米莉·迪金森1830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集-----“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄学的18、Mark Twain马克·吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）---美国文学的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and thePauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结19、Francis Bret Harte哈特1836-1902The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿------乡土文学作家20、William Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯1837-1920 The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia 从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读21、Henry Adams享利·亚当斯1838-1918 History of the United States During the Administration of Jefferson and Madison(历史著作)；The Education of Henry Adams:An Autobiography享利·亚当斯的教育22、William James威廉·詹姆斯1842-1910(首提“意识流”理论) Principles of Psychology心理学原理；The Will to Believe信仰的意志；Pragmatism:A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking实用主义：某些旧思想方法的新名称；The Meaning of Truth真理的意义23、Henry James享利·詹姆斯1843-1916 小说：Daisy Miller苔瑟·米乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；The Bostonians波士顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors大使；The Golden Bowl金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术24、Ambrose Bierce安布罗斯·毕尔斯1842-1914? 小品集：The Fiend’s Deligh魔鬼的乐趣;Nuggests and Dust Panned out in California在加利福尼亚淘出的金块和金粉;Cobwebs from an Empty Skull来自空脑壳的蜘蛛网短篇小说集：Tales of Soldiers and Civilians军民故事;In the Midst of Life在人生中间;Can Such Things Be?这种事情可能吗？The Devil’s Dictionary魔鬼词典(The Applicant申请者)25、Edward Bellamy爱德华·贝拉米1850-1898 Looking Backward:2000-1887回顾：从2000看1887年；Equality平等；The Duke of Sockbridge:A Romance of Shay’s Rebellion斯托克布里奇的公爵：雪司起义的故事;The Blindman’s World and Other Stories育人的世界及其他26、Edwin Charles Markham马卡姆1852-1940The Man With the Hoe荷锄人27、Charles Waddell Chesnutt查尔斯·契斯纳特1858-1932 The Conjure Woman巫女;The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line他青年时代的妻子(The Sheriff’s Children警长的儿女)(the pioneer of the color line);The Marrow of Tradition一脉相承28、Hamlin Garland汉姆林·加兰1860-1940 Crumbling Idol崩溃的偶像（真实主义veritism）;Man Travelled Roads 大路(The Return of a Private三等兵归来);Rose of Ducher’s Cooly荷兰人山谷中的露斯;A Son of the Middle Border中部边地农家子29、O·Henry欧·享利（WilliamSidney Porter）1862-1910The Man Higher Up黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens七上八下30、Edith Wharton伊迪斯·华顿1862-1937 The House of Mirth欢乐之家;Ethan Frome;Bunner Sister班纳姐妹;The Age of Innocent天真时代;The Customs of the Country乡村习俗;A Backward Glance回首往事32、George Santayana桑塔亚那1863-1952 Scepticism and Animal Faith怀疑主义与动物性信仰;The Realms Being 存在诸领域（本质/物质/真理/精神领域：4卷）(Relativity of Knowledge);Three Philosphical Poets三大哲学诗人；Poems(A Minuet:On Reaching the Age of Fifty小步舞曲：五十书怀);The Last Puritan最后的清教徒33、William E·B Dubois威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯1868-1963 Souls of Black Folk黑人的灵魂(Of Booker T Washington and Others);The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA 制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame黑色的火焰（三部曲）34、Edgar Lee Masters埃德加·李·马斯特斯1868-1950 A Book of Verse诗集;Maximilian马克西米连（诗集）;Spoon River Anthology斯普恩河诗集(Lucinda Matlock鲁欣达·马物罗克)35、Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935 Captain Craig克雷格上尉---诗体小说；The Town Down the River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人;Avon’s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集36、Frank Norris弗兰克·诺里斯1870-1902 Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰（romantic）;Mc-Teague 麦克提格（naturalistic）;The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus章鱼,The Pit小麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事37、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900 Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）；The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章；The Open Boat小划子;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇38、Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945 Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）;Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗39、Paul Laurence Dumbar 保尔·劳伦斯·邓巴1872-1906 We Wear the Mask我们带着面具他是美国第一个有成就的黑人诗人，被称为“黑种人的桂冠诗人”(Poet Laureate of the Negro Race)40、Jack London杰克·伦敦1876-1916 The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang白獠牙;The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命;Love of Life热爱生命;The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下41、Upton Sinclair厄普顿·辛克莱尔1878-1968 Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle屠场（揭发黑幕运动的代表作家）;King Coal煤炭大王;Oil石油;Boston波士顿;Dragon’s Teeth龙齿42、Irving Babbitt欧文·白壁德1865-1933（新人文主义主要代表）Literature and the American College文学与美国学院（）要求恢复古典文学教学;The New Laokoon新拉奥孔;Rousseau and Romanticism卢梭与浪漫主义;Democracy and Leadership民主与领导;On being Creative 论创造性43、Villa Sibert Cather维拉·凯塞1873-1947 O,Pioneers啊，先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor’s House教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死44、Gertrude Stein格特鲁德·斯坦因1874-1946 The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas爱丽丝·托克拉斯的自传；Tender Button温柔的钮扣45、Robert Frest罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963 A Boy’s Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士顿之北(Mending Wall 修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后);Mountain Interval山间（成熟阶段）(The Road Not taken没有选择的道路);West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树46、Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森1876-1941 Windy McPherson’s Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么47、Carl Sandburg卡尔·桑德堡1878-1967 Always the Young Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Years草原的年代一、二;The War Years战争的年代（林肯传记）;The American Songbag美国歌袋;The People,Yes人民，好;Honey and Salt蜜与盐;Corn-huskers辗米机（Fog 雾）;Smoke and Steel烟与钢48、Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯1879-1955 Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集49、Henry Louis Mencken孟肯1880-1956 Bernard Shaw:His Plays肖伯纳的戏剧;The Philosophy of Nietzche尼采的哲学;The American Language美车语言;Happy Days幸福的日子（自传三部曲）;Newspaper Days新闻记者的岁月;Heathe Days倡导异端邪说的年代50、William Carlos Williams 威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯1883-1963 收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集：Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson佩特森（5卷长诗）;Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花日光兰（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车;The Widow’s Lament in Spring 寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀—致父亲;Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr先驱）; The Great American Novels伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain美国性格;Autobiography自传51、Sinclair Lewis辛克莱·刘易斯1885-1951(美国第一个获诺贝尔奖) Dur Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先生;The Job求职;The Main Street大先进;Babbitt巴比特;Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry艾尔默·甘特里;Dodsworth多兹沃斯;It can’t Happen Here事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal王孙梦52、Ezra Pound艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972 The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）;Literary Essays文学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don’ts by Imagiste意像派戒条;Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）53、Hilda Doolittle希尔达·杜丽特尔1886-1961 Sea Garden海的花园;Collected Poems(Dread山精;PearTree;Orchard);The Walls Do Not Fall墙没在倒塌（战争诗三部曲）;Tribute to the Angels天使颂;The Flowering of the Rod柳条葳蕤;Tribute to Freud献给弗洛伊德;Hellen in Egypt海伦在伦敦（抒情长诗）54、Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯·艾略特1888-1965 Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）;The Waste Land荒原(The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言);名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会55、Eugene Oneil尤金·奥尼尔1888-1953 独幕剧：Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫;The Long Voyage Home归途迢迢;The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月多幕剧：Beyond the Horizon天边外（其成名作）;Anna Christie安娜·克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape毛猿;All the God’s Children Got Wings上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown大神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉56、Katherine Anne Porter 凯瑟琳·安·波特1890-1980 Flowering Judas开花的紫荆花（Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall）;Pale Horse,Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories------TheCollected Stories of K A PorterShip of Fools愚人船（唯一的一部长篇小说）;The Never Ending Wrong 千古奇冤（回忆录）57、Archibald Mac Leish阿基博尔德·麦克利什1892-1982 Towers of Ivory象牙塔;The Happy Marriage幸福的婚姻;Streets in the Moon月色中的街;New Found Land新发现的大陆;Conquistador新西班牙的征服者;Poems1912-1952广播剧：The Fall of the City城市的陷落;Airraid空袭58、Michael Gold迈克尔·戈尔德1894-1967 120 Million一亿二千万;Change The World改变世界;The Hollow Man 空心人;Jews Without Money没在钱的犹太人（自传体小说）戏剧：Hoboken Blues;Fiesta节日;Battle Hymn歌;Prletarian Literature in the United States美国无产阶级文学选集（与人合编）59、E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962 Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room大房间;XLI Poems诗41首;Viva万岁;No，Thanks不，谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi爱米（访苏游记）60、Edmund Wilson埃德蒙·威尔逊1895-1972 Travel in Two Democracies在两个民主国家里旅行;To the Finland Station到芬兰站去;A Piece of My Mind:Reflection at Sixty心里话:行年六十的沉思;Axel’s Castle阿克塞尔的城堡(象征主义批判的圭阜);The Ttriple Thinkers三重思想家;The Wound and The Bow创伤与箭;The Shores of Light光明之岸;The Fruits of the MLA现代语言协会的成果61、John Dos Passos帕索斯1896-1970 The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District of Columbia哥伦比亚大区(The Adventures of a Young Man一个年轻人的冒险;Number One第一号;The Grand Design伟大的计划);Orient Express东方特别快车（游记）62、F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(迷惘的一代) The Side of Paradise人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨头短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace 冰宫;May Days五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams冬天的梦;The Rich Boy富家子弟;Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦敦The Crack-up崩溃（自传体文集）63、William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897-1962 The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）;Soldiers’ Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）64、Malcolm Cowley马尔科姆·考利1898- 译作：法国安德烈·纪德Andre Gide的Imaginary Interview虚构的会议诗集：Blue Juniata;The Dry Season;The Exile’s Return流亡者的回归（研究“迷惘的一代”的专著）;A Second Flowering第二次繁荣(The Other War另一种战争)65、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961（“迷惘的一代”的代表人物）In Our Time在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring春潮;The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories 第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast 到处逍遥66、Hart Crane哈特·克兰1899-1932 My Grandfather’s Love Letters祖父的情书;Praise for an Urn瓮颂;For the Marriage of Faustus and Hellen为浮士德和海伦的婚姻而作;Voyage航海;The Bridge桥（长诗）;White Buildings白色的楼房（首部诗集）67、Thomas Wolfe托马斯·沃尔夫1900-1938 Look Homeward,Angel天使，望乡→（续）Of Time and the River时间与河流;The Web and the Rock蛛网与岩石;You Can’t Go Home Again 有家归不得;The Hills Beyond远山（未完成）短篇小说：From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨68、James Langston Hughes 詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯1902-1969 Mulatto混血儿（剧本）;The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选69、John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克1902-1966 Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜负未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down月亮下去了;Cannery Row罐头厂街;The Pearl珍珠短篇小说：The Red Pony小红马(The Gift,The Great Mountains大山;The Promise许诺,The Leader of the People人们的领袖)70、Nathanael West韦斯特1903-1940 The Dream Life of Balso Snell巴尔索·斯纳尔的梦幻生涯;The Day of Locust蝗灾之日;Miss Lonelyhearts寂寞小说71、James Farrel 法雷尔1904-1979 Studs Lonigan斯塔兹·朗尼根(Young Lonigan少年朗尼根;The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan朗尼根的青年时代,Judgement Day末日窝审判);Danny O’Neil丹尼·奥尼尔（五部曲）;Bernard Carr伯纳德·卡尔（三部曲）短篇小说：Calico Shoes花布鞋;Guillotine Party行刑队文艺评论：A Note on Literary Criticism文艺评论札记;Literature and Morality文学与道德72、Lillian Hellman丽莲·海尔曼1905-1983 The Children’s Hour孩子们的时光;The Little Foxes小狐狸;Watch on the Rhine守望莱茵河;The Searching Wind彻骨的风;The Autumn Garden秋园;Tos in the Attic阁楼里的玩具;The Days to Come未来的日子;Another Part of the Forest森林的另一处回忆录：An Unfinished Wonman一个事业尚未终了的女人;Pentimento 旧画新貌;Scoundrel Time邪恶的时代73、Clifford Odets克利福德·奥德茨1906-1963 Waiting for Lefty等待老左/勒夫特;Awake and Sing!醒来歌唱;Till the Day I Die直到我死的那天;Paradise Lost失乐园;Golden Boy金孩子;Clash by Night夜间冲突;The Big Knife大刀;The Country Girl乡村姑娘;The Flowering Peach开花的桃树74、Richard Wright理查德·赖特1908-1960 Uncle Tom’s Children汤姆叔叔的孩子们;Native Son土生子;Black Boy;黑孩子The Outsiders局外人;The Long Dream漫长的梦;Eight Men八人行75、Eudora Welty尤多拉·韦尔蒂1906- 短篇小说：Death of a Travelling,Salesman巡回推销员之死;A Curtain of Green and Other Stories绿窗帘和其他;The Wide Net and Other Stories大网和其他故事;The Golden Apples金苹果;The Bridge of Innifallen英尼斯法伦的新娘长篇小说：The Robber Bridgeroom强盗新朗;Detta Wedding德尔塔的婚姻;The Ponder Heart庞德的心;The Losing Battles失败的战斗;The Optismist’s Daughter乐观者的女儿76、Valdimir Nabokov弗·纳博科夫1899-1977Lolita洛莉塔;Pale Fire微暗的火;The Admiralty Sprie海军部大厦塔尖77、Anais Nin安娜伊思·宁1903-1977 The Novel of Future未来的小说;Heida海达;House of Incest乱伦之家;Collages拼贴78、Issac Bashevis Singer 艾萨克·辛格1904-1991 Gimpel the Fool傻瓜吉姆佩尔;The Family Moskat莫斯卡特家族;Satan in Goray撒旦在戈雷;The Magician of Lublin卢布林的魔术师;The Slave 奴隶;The Manor庄园;The Estate产业;Enenemies,A Love Story仇敌们，一个爱情故事;Shosha舒莎短篇小说：The Spinoza of Market Street市场街的斯宾诺莎;A Friend of Kafka卡夫卡的朋友名篇：Neighbours邻居79、Robert Penn Warren罗伯特·沃伦1905-1989 Night Rider夜间骑士;At Heaven’s Gate在天堂门口;All King’s Men国王的全部人马;World Enough and Time足够的世界和时间;The Cave洞穴;Band of Angels天使的队伍;A Place to Come to归宿诗集：Thirtysix Poems;Selected Poems1923-1943;Brother to Dragons;Promised:Poems1954-1956;You,Emperors andOthers;Selected Poems New and Old 1923-1966;Elven Poems on the Same Themet;Incarnation Poem1966-1968显灵：1966-1968诗选;Now and Then:Poems 1976-1978此时与彼时1976-1978诗选剧作：Proud Flesh骄傲的血肉之躯;Modern Rhetoric当代修辞学；Birth of Love爱之诞生(选自与Cleanth Brooks合编的 Understanding Poetry/Understanding Fiction)逃亡者集团The Fugitive的宣言书I’ll Take My Stand我表明我的立场80、Tennessee William田纳西·威廉斯1911-1983 American Blues美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Yout可爱的青春鸟81、John Cheever约翰·契弗1912-1982 短篇小说：The Expelled开除短篇小说集：The Way Some People Live一些人的生活方式;The Enormous Radio and Other Stories巨型收音机和其他;The Housebreaker of Shaddy Hill and Other Stories绿茵山窃贼和其他;Some People,Places and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel一些不会在我下一部小说中出现的人物、地点、事件;The Brigadier and the Golf Widow陆军准将和高尔夫迷寡妇;The World of Apples苹果世界→The Stories of John Cheever契弗短篇小说选长篇小说：The Wapshot Chronicle/Scandal瓦普肖特纪事/丑闻;Bullet Park布利特公园;Falconer鹰猎者82、Irwin Shaw欧文·肖1913-1984 Bury the Dead埋葬死者;Sailor off the Bremen不来梅港外的水手长篇小说：The Young Lions幼狮;The Troubled Air混浊的空气;Lucy Crown露茜·克朗;Two Weeks in Another Town；Voices of a Summer Day夏日的喁喁声;Rich Man,Poor Man;Evening inByzantium;Nightwork认夜工;Beggarman,Thief;Bread upon the Waters。
美国文学简介-中文
Poor Richard’s Almanack
Poor
Richard's Proverbs "A penny saved is two pence dear." ( "A penny saved is a penny earned") “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” "Fish and visitors stink in three days."
亨利•大卫•梭罗（Henry David Thoreau 1817 – 1862）
美国作家及自然主义者。其作品主张对不公
正的政府进行非暴力抵抗运动，并产生了广 泛的影响，特别是在20世纪。莫汉达斯· K· 甘 地吸收了梭罗的许多思想，并以梭罗的散文 《不服从论》（1849年）命名他所领导的印 度自治运动。美国民权领袖小马丁· 路德· 金也 将自己领导的消极抵抗运动建立在该文章的 信条基础上。 《瓦尔登湖》或者《丛林生活》（
纳撒尼尔•霍桑（Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804 --1864)
美国19世纪影响最大的浪漫主义小说家和心理小说家。他的 祖辈之中有人曾参与清教徒迫害异端的事件，为著名的1692 年“塞勒姆驱巫案”的3 名法官之一。这段历史对霍桑的思 想产生了深刻的影响。 The Scarlet Letter (1850) 《红字》-----a treatment of the effects of sin on the human spirit.
殖民地时期的文学 (1607-1800)
本杰明•富兰克林（BΒιβλιοθήκη njaminFranklin
美国文学的多元与独特性
美国文学的多元与独特性美国文学是世界文学的重要组成部分，它以其多元与独特的特点而广受瞩目。
在这篇文章中，我们将探讨美国文学的多元性和独特性，从不同的角度和维度进行分析。
一、文学传统的多元性美国是一个移民国家，不同的移民群体带来了各自独特的文化传统和文学表达方式。
从英国殖民地时期开始，美国就融合了来自不同国家和地区的文化元素。
早期的美国文学以清教徒文学和乡村文学为主，展现了殖民时期的艰辛和信仰。
随着时间的推移，来自欧洲、非洲、亚洲和其他地区的移民们陆续来到美国，丰富了美国文学的多元性。
例如，非裔美国人文学通过揭示奴隶制和种族主义的不公来展示自己的独特视角。
哈莱姆文艺复兴时期的黑人作家们，如朗斯顿·休斯和托妮·莫里森，以其对种族和文化身份的探索而独树一帜。
此外，美国的拉丁裔、亚裔和原住民等少数族裔群体也有着丰富多样的文学传统。
他们通过自己的作品，诉说着与主流社会不同的故事和经历，使美国文学更加丰富多元。
二、主题的多元性美国文学涵盖了广泛的主题，反映了美国社会与人民的多样性。
它不仅展现了美国社会的繁荣和进步，还揭示了社会问题和不平等的存在。
在美国文学中，我们可以看到关于种族、性别、阶级、战争、家庭和社会变革等各种主题的作品。
《汤姆·索亚历险记》和《杀死一只知更鸟》等作品揭示了美国南方种族隔离和不公的真相，引起了社会的广泛关注。
与此同时，如弗朗西斯·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》和阿瑟·米勒的《推销员之死》等作品，则通过人物的内心独白和对梦想的追求，探讨了美国社会中的阶级困境和社会价值观的裂变。
三、文学风格的多元性美国文学以其多样的文学风格而闻名于世。
从传统的现实主义和自然主义到现代主义和后现代主义，美国文学展现出了多个文学流派和风格。
早期的美国文学以现实主义为主，强调对现实生活的真实描写和社会问题的关注。
马克·吐温和杰克·伦敦等作家以其的幽默和魅力，成为这一时期的代表性作家。
整理的美国文学上
一、The literature of colonial AmericanEarly New England literature:早期新英格兰文学主要关于theological, moral, historical and political.John smith was considered to be the first American writer. 美国第一位作家：1608年Captain John Smith写了封信《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”. 他的第二本书1612年《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”. 他一共出版了八本书，其中有关于新英格兰的历史及描述。
其破产后作为向导sought a post as guide to the Pilgrims.他1624年《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”,讲述了传奇故事how the Indian princess Pocahontas( 波卡洪塔斯)saved him.I.Background: Puritanism1.features of Puritanism(1)Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.(2)Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sincan be passed down from generation to generation.(3)Total depravity(4)Limited atonement: Only the “elect” can be saved.2.Influence(1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (seriousand thoughtful) influenced American literature.(2)It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – gardenof Eden.(3)Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perceptionwas chiefly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism whichis distinctly American.(4)With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; therhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility oftentraceable to the direct influence of the Bible.II.Overview of the literature1.types of writingDiaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books,autobiographies/biographies, sermons2.writers of colonial period1、William Bradford and John Winthrop2、John cotton and roger Williams3、Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor一、William Bradford and John Winthrop威廉·布拉德福德和约翰·温思罗普The first governor of Plymouth：William Bradford;The first governor of Boston：John Winthrop.1．William Bradford:《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of PlymouthPlantation”文章从1630年开始写起an account of the small group of Puritans who migrated from England to Amsterdam and then to the New Wold.文字简洁，认真负责，直接叙述，可读性强simplicity and earnestness of the book, with its direct reporting, make it readable and moving.1637年他用简单的律诗对自己一生写了个总结，后来科登·马瑟写道：他是众人之福，也是众人之父“a common blessing and father to them all”2．John Winthrop:《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”.1630年登上“阿贝亚”（Arbella）to Massachusetts并开始写日记keep a journal and to the rest of his life.1826年正式出版is notable for its candid simplicity and honesty.3．他们并不出于创作需要而是记录历史，但却运用了直接生动的散文格式使文章成为了好的文学作品the need to record important events in permanent form. Yet, through a direct and vigorous prose style, each account literary excellence.4．清教徒（Puritan）:就是要净化他们的宗教信仰和行为方式，要纯洁自己信仰的人Puritans wanted to make pure their religious beliefs and practices, The Puritan was “Would-be purifier”. 总认为自己是上帝选民looked upon themselves as a chosen people.对他们的生活方式提出异议就是反对上帝旨意anyone who challenged their way of life was opposing God’s Will and was not to be accepted.对自己的信仰视之如命，对别人信仰不能容忍they were zealous in defense of their own beliefs but often intolerant of the beliefs of others. 制定法律限制个人生活行为made laws about private morality as well as public behaviour霍桑称他们为“黑眉毛的古板的清教徒”“stern and black-browed Puritans”.二、John Cotton and Roger Williams约翰·科登和罗杰·威廉姆斯1．John Cotton第一批知识分子代言人，称为“新英格兰教父”the Patriarch of New England. 1633年到Boston开始一直是这社区精神导师，他所宣讲的由宗教来统治国家的神权思想直接影响了当时人们的行为he was the “teacher”(spiritual leader) of the community and its guiding influence toward the ideal of theocracy(a state ruled by the church)他的影响主要通过教堂讲坛来完成his primary influence was through the pulpit.?听众对他深信不疑。
美国文学简介(中文版)---美国大使馆新闻处
第一章早期美国与殖民时代美国文学的基础始于印第安文化的口传神话、传奇、故事与歌词(多为歌曲)。
美洲原住民的口述传统相当多样化，印地安故事对大自然的敬畏精神，以及身体与母亲。
大自然拥有生命并赋予精神力量；主角可能是动物或植物，通常是与部落、族群或与个人有关的图腾。
印第安人对美国的贡献往往大于常人所认为的。
美国英语中有数百个印地安字，包括"独木舟"、"烟"、"马铃薯"、"鹿皮鞋"、"鹿"、"柿子"、"貉"、"战斧"以及"图腾"。
当代印第安写作还包含非常优美的作品，将于第8章讨论。
欧洲第一个关于美洲探险的纪录是斯堪的纳维亚语。
古挪威冒险故事“Vinland Saga”叙述爱冒险的莱弗埃里克松(Leif Eriksson)与一伙四处流浪的古挪威人在11世纪的头十年于美洲东北岸某处短暂定居的故事—可能是在加拿大的新斯科细亚省(Nova Scotia)。
然而，第一位为人熟知并持续在美洲与全世界接触者，始于意大利探险家克里斯托弗哥伦布(Christopher Columbus)的著名航行旅程，由西班牙皇后依莎贝拉(Isabella)所赞助。
哥伦布在其“书信集”(Epistola)中的日志于1493年出版，内容叙述旅程的见闻。
初次的英国殖民是场灾难，第一个殖民地于1585年成立于南北卡罗莱纳沿岸的罗阿诺克(Roanoke)；所有殖民地居民消失。
第2个殖民地更加永久：詹姆士城(Jamestown)成立于1607年，其间忍受了饥饿、暴力与暴政。
然而，此时期的文学将美国描绘成具有财富与机会之地的色彩，殖民叙述便举世闻名。
在17世纪，海盗、探险与探险家开辟了第2波永久殖民者的道路，将老婆、孩子、农具与工匠的工具带来至此。
早期探险文学由日记、书信、旅行日志、船只记录所组成，而探索者向资助者报告内容。
美国文学在中国读者中的意义及影响研究
美国文学在中国读者中的意义及影响研究一、引言美国文学作为西方文化的代表之一，已经在中国被翻译、研究和阅读了很长时间。
它不仅仅是一个跨越国界的文化传播工具，还是人们了解美国文化、历史、社会和价值观的桥梁。
本文将从几个方面探讨美国文学在中国读者中的意义及其影响。
二、美国文学在中国的重要性1.世界文化的多元性在全球化的时代，文化交流已经成为一种主流趋势，世界文化逐渐呈现出多元性的特点。
美国文学，作为一个重要的文化符号，已经被广泛传播到世界各个角落，并在当今的文化交流中占据了重要的地位。
中国作为世界上人口最多的国家之一，其对接收和传播美国文化有着特殊的意义和影响。
2.深入了解美国文化美国文学作为美国文化最具代表性的部分之一，是了解美国文化、历史、社会和价值观的重要渠道。
通过研读美国文学，中国读者可以了解美国文化的基本特征、文化传统和价值观，进而增进对美国的了解和感性认识。
这对于增进两国人民之间的相互了解和互信，并加强两国间的文化交流和合作具有重要意义。
3.提高读者的英语水平美国文学，由于历史和文化特点的原因，其语言比较古老和复杂，因此对于中国读者来说阅读美国经典文学不仅可开拓视野，拓展眼界，同时还可以充分锻炼阅读英语的技巧和水平。
通过阅读英语经典文学，许多中国读者在英语语法、词汇和表达方面都有了极大的提高，对于日后的学习和工作也有了很大的帮助作用。
三、美国文学在中国读者中的影响1. 教育教学方面的影响美国文学作为世界上最重要的文学之一，被广泛地应用于中国的教育教学中，尤其是在高等教育中。
美国文学作为语言和文化课程之一，在中国的大学里受到越来越多的重视和关注。
2.文化凝聚和传承方面的影响美国文学以其丰富的文化内涵、鲜明的文学风格、独特的创意和独特的文化氛围，成为不同文化之间相互了解和交流的桥梁。
同时，美国文学作品被翻译成不同的语言并广泛流传，不仅对于美国文学的本国读者和全球读者来说具有重要意义，对于中国读者也同样具有重要的意义。
美国文学作者和作品中英文名称翻译对照
美国文学作者和作品中英文名称翻译对照1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard\'s Almanack穷查理历书；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自传2、Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题；Common Sense常识；American Crisis美国危机；Rights of Man人的权利：Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃；The Age of Reason理性时代3、Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英国囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士——同类诗中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地4、Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859A History of New York纽约的历史——美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说——使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄；Talks of Travellers旅客谈；The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉5、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者6、William Cullen Bryant威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特1794-1878The Poems1821/1932诗选:To a Waterfowl致水鸟——英语中最完美的短诗;Thanatopsis死亡随想——受墓园派影响; The Whitefooted Deer白蹄鹿;A Forest Hymn森林赋;The Flood of Years 似水流年7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人——叶芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李——歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫，帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea 海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦8、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882Essays散文集:Nature论自然——新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河9．Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown 年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子——心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像10、Henry David Threau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers11、Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom\'d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌12、Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-1891Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利·巴德13、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌——美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事——诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere\'s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚——叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇——反蓄奴组诗14、John Greenleaf Whittier约翰·格林里夫·惠蒂埃1807-1892Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question废奴问题;Voice of Freedom自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems内战时期所作;Snow-Bound大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems海滩的帐篷;Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬日田园诗15、Harriet Beecher Stowe哈丽特·比彻·斯托1811-1896Uncle Tom\'s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister\'s Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr\'s Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks 老城的人们16、Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯1817-1895Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克·道格拉斯，一个美国黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代17、Emily Dickinson埃米莉·迪金森1830-1886The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集——"Tell all the truth and tell it slant"迂回曲折的，玄学的18、Mark Twain马克·吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）——美国文学的一大里程碑The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent\'s Abroad傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur\'s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd\'nhead Wilson傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事——对美国早期幽默文学的总结19、Francis Bret Harte哈特1836-1902The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿——乡土文学作家20、William Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯1837-1920The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼——乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读21、Henry Adams享利·亚当斯1838-1918History of the United States During the Administration of Jefferson and Madison（历史著作）；The Education of Henry Adams:An Autobiography享利·亚当斯的教育22、William James威廉·詹姆斯1842-1910（首提"意识流"理论）Principles of Psychology心理学原理；The Will to Believe信仰的意志；Pragmatism:A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking实用主义：某些旧思想方法的新名称；The Meaning of Truth真理的意义23、Henry James享利·詹姆斯1843-1916小说：Daisy Miller苔瑟·米乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；The Bostonians波士顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors大使；The Golden Bowl金碗评论集：French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术24、Ambrose Bierce安布罗斯·毕尔斯1842-1914?小品集：The Fiend\'s Deligh魔鬼的乐趣;Nuggests and Dust Panned out in California在加利福尼亚淘出的金块和金粉;Cobwebs from an Empty Skull来自空脑壳的蜘蛛网短篇小说集：Tales of Soldiers and Civilians军民故事;In the Midst of Life在人生中间;Can Such Things Be?这种事情可能吗？The Devil\'s Dictionary魔鬼词典（The Applicant申请者）25、Edward Bellamy爱德华·贝拉米1850-1898Looking Backward:2000-1887回顾：从2000看1887年；Equality平等；The Duke of Sockbridge:A Romance of Shay\'s Rebellion斯托克布里奇的公爵：雪司起义的故事;The Blindman\'s World and Other Stories育人的世界及其他26、Edwin Charles Markham马卡姆1852-1940The Man With the Hoe荷锄人27、Charles Waddell Chesnutt查尔斯·契斯纳特1858-1932The Conjure Woman巫女;The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line他青年时代的妻子（The Sheriff\'s Children警长的儿女）（the pioneer of the color line）;The Marrow of Tradition一脉相承28、Hamlin Garland汉姆林·加兰1860-1940Crumbling Idol崩溃的偶像（真实主义veritism）;Man Travelled Roads大路（The Return of a Private三等兵归来）;Rose of Ducher\'s Cooly荷兰人山谷中的露斯;A Son of the Middle Border 中部边地农家子29、O·Henry欧·享利（William Sidney Porter）1862-1910The Man Higher Up黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens七上八下30、Edith Wharton伊迪斯·华顿1862-1937The House of Mirth欢乐之家;Ethan Frome;Bunner Sister班纳姐妹;The Age of Innocent天真时代;The Customs of the Country乡村习俗;A Backward Glance回首往事32、George Santayana桑塔亚那1863-1952Scepticism and Animal Faith怀疑主义与动物性信仰;The Realms Being存在诸领域（本质/物质/真理/精神领域：4卷）（Relativity of Knowledge）;Three Philosphical Poets三大哲学诗人；Poems （A Minuet:On Reaching the Age of Fifty小步舞曲：五十书怀）;The Last Puritan最后的清教徒33、William E·B Dubois威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯1868-1963Souls of Black Folk黑人的灵魂（Of Booker T Washington and Others）;The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame黑色的火焰（三部曲）34、Edgar Lee Masters埃德加·李·马斯特斯1868-1950A Book of Verse诗集;Maximilian马克西米连（诗集）;Spoon River Anthology斯普恩河诗集（Lucinda Matlock鲁欣达·马物罗克）35、Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935Captain Craig克雷格上尉——诗体小说；The Town Down the River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人;Avon\'s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集36、Frank Norris弗兰克·诺里斯1870-1902Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰（romantic）;Mc-Teague麦克提格（naturalistic）;The Epic of the Wheat（realistic）小麦诗史（The Octopus章鱼,The Pit小麦交易所）;A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事37、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）；The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章；The Open Boat小划子;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇38、Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲（Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic）;An American Tragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）;Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗39、Paul Laurence Dumbar保尔·劳伦斯·邓巴1872-1906We Wear the Mask我们带着面具他是美国第一个有成就的黑人诗人，被称为"黑种人的桂冠诗人"（Poet Laureate of the Negro Race）40、Jack London杰克·伦敦1876-1916The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang白獠牙;The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命;Love of Life热爱生命;The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下41、Upton Sinclair厄普顿·辛克莱尔1878-1968Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle屠场（揭发黑幕运动的代表作家）;King Coal煤炭大王;Oil石油;Boston波士顿;Dragon\'s Teeth龙齿42、Irving Babbitt欧文·白壁德1865-1933（新人文主义主要代表）Literature and the American College文学与美国学院（）要求恢复古典文学教学;The New Laokoon新拉奥孔;Rousseau and Romanticism卢梭与浪漫主义;Democracy and Leadership民主与领导;On being Creative论创造性43、Villa Sibert Cather维拉·凯塞1873-1947O,Pioneers啊，先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor\'s House教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死44、Gertrude Stein格特鲁德·斯坦因1874-1946The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas爱丽丝·托克拉斯的自传；Tender Button温柔的钮扣45、Robert Frest罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963A Boy\'s Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士顿之北（Mending Wall修墙,After Apple-picking 摘苹果之后）;Mountain Interval山间（成熟阶段）（The Road Not taken没有选择的道路）;West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树46、Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森1876-1941Windy McPherson\'s Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么47、Carl Sandburg卡尔·桑德堡1878-1967Always the Young Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Years草原的年代一、二;The War Years战争的年代（林肯传记）;The American Songbag美国歌袋;The People,Yes人民，好;Honey and Salt蜜与盐;Corn-huskers辗米机（Fog雾）;Smoke and Steel烟与钢48、Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯1879-1955Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction 关于最高虚构的札记（Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨）;The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集49、Henry Louis Mencken孟肯1880-1956Bernard Shaw:His Plays肖伯纳的戏剧;The Philosophy of Nietzche尼采的哲学;The American Language美车语言;Happy Days幸福的日子（自传三部曲）;Newspaper Days新闻记者的岁月;Heathe Days倡导异端邪说的年代50、William Carlos Williams威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯1883-1963收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部诗选）诗集：Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson佩特森（5卷长诗）;Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花日光兰（长诗）名诗：Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车;The Widow\'s Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀-致父亲;Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像（from An Early Martyr先驱）;The Great American Novels伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain美国性格;Autobiography自传51、Sinclair Lewis辛克莱·刘易斯1885-1951（美国第一个获诺贝尔奖）Dur Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先生;The Job求职;The Main Street大先进;Babbitt巴比特;Arrowsmith艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry艾尔默·甘特里;Dodsworth多兹沃斯;It can\'t Happen Here事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal王孙梦52、Ezra Pound艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏（英译中国诗）;Literary Essays文学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don\'ts by Imagiste意像派戒条;Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）53、Hilda Doolittle希尔达·杜丽特尔1886-1961Sea Garden海的花园;Collected Poems（Dread山精;Pear Tree;Orchard）;The Walls Do Not Fall 墙没在倒塌（战争诗三部曲）;Tribute to the Angels天使颂;The Flowering of the Rod柳条葳蕤;Tribute to Freud献给弗洛伊德;Hellen in Egypt海伦在伦敦（抒情长诗）54、Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯·艾略特1888-1965Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克（荒原意识）;The Waste Land荒原（The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言）;名诗：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会55、Eugene Oneil尤金·奥尼尔1888-1953独幕剧：Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫;The Long Voyage Home归途迢迢;The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月; 多幕剧：Beyond the Horizon天边外（其成名作）;Anna Christie安娜·克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape毛猿;All the God\'s Children Got Wings上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown大神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉56、Katherine Anne Porter凯瑟琳·安·波特1890-1980Flowering Judas开花的紫荆花（Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall）;Pale Horse,Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories——TheCollected Stories of K A Porter Ship of Fools愚人船（唯一的一部长篇小说）;The Never Ending Wrong千古奇冤（回忆录）57、Archibald Mac Leish阿基博尔德·麦克利什1892-1982Towers of Ivory象牙塔;The Happy Marriage幸福的婚姻;Streets in the Moon月色中的街;New Found Land新发现的大陆;Conquistador新西班牙的征服者;Poems1912-1952 广播剧：The Fall of the City城市的陷落;Airraid空袭58、Michael Gold迈克尔·戈尔德1894-1967120 Million一亿二千万;Change The World改变世界;The Hollow Man空心人;Jews Without Money没在钱的犹太人（自传体小说）戏剧：Hoboken Blues;Fiesta节日;Battle Hymn歌;Prletarian Literature in the United States美国无产阶级文学选集（与人合编）59、E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room大房间;XLI Poems诗41首;Viva万岁;No，Thanks不，谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi爱米（访苏游记）60、Edmund Wilson埃德蒙·威尔逊1895-1972Travel in Two Democracies在两个民主国家里旅行;To the Finland Station到芬兰站去;A Piece of My Mind:Reflection at Sixty心里话:行年六十的沉思;Axel\'s Castle阿克塞尔的城堡（象征主义批判的圭阜）;The Ttriple Thinkers三重思想家;The Wound and The Bow创伤与箭;The Shores of Light光明之岸;The Fruits of the MLA现代语言协会的成果61、John Dos Passos帕索斯1896-1970The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A（The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money）;District of Columbia哥伦比亚大区（The Adventures of a Young Man一个年轻人的冒险;Number One第一号;The Grand Design伟大的计划）;Orient Express东方特别快车（游记）62、F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940（迷惘的一代）The Side of Paradise人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨头短篇小说：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace冰宫;May Days五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams冬天的梦;The Rich Boy富家子弟;Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦敦The Crack-up崩溃（自传体文集）63、William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897-1962The Marble Faun云石林神（诗集）;Soldiers\' Pay兵饷（小说）短篇小说：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying 当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙，押沙龙（家世小说）64、Malcolm Cowley马尔科姆·考利1898-译作：法国安德烈·纪德Andre Gide的Imaginary Interview虚构的会议诗集：Blue Juniata;The Dry Season;The Exile\'s Return流亡者的回归（研究"迷惘的一代"的专著）;A Second Flowering第二次繁荣（The Other War另一种战争）65、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961（"迷惘的一代"的代表人物）In Our Time在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring春潮;The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说：Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论：To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录：A Moveable Feast到处逍遥66、Hart Crane哈特·克兰1899-1932My Grandfather\'s Love Letters祖父的情书;Praise for an Urn瓮颂;For the Marriage of Faustus and Hellen为浮士德和海伦的婚姻而作;Voyage航海;The Bridge桥（长诗）;White Buildings白色的楼房（首部诗集）67、Thomas Wolfe托马斯·沃尔夫1900-1938Look Homeward,Angel天使，望乡→（续）Of Time and the River时间与河流;The Web and the Rock蛛网与岩石;You Can\'t Go Home Again有家归不得;The Hills Beyond远山（未完成）短篇小说：From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨68、James Langston Hughes詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯1902-1969Mulatto混血儿（剧本）;The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选69、John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克1902-1966Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜负未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down月亮下去了;Cannery Row罐头厂街;The Pearl 珍珠短篇小说：The Red Pony小红马（The Gift,The Great Mountains大山;The Promise许诺,The Leader of the People人们的领袖）70、Nathanael West韦斯特1903-1940The Dream Life of Balso Snell巴尔索·斯纳尔的梦幻生涯;The Day of Locust蝗灾之日;Miss Lonelyhearts寂寞小说71、James Farrel 法雷尔1904-1979Studs Lonigan斯塔兹·朗尼根（Young Lonigan少年朗尼根;The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan 朗尼根的青年时代,Judgement Day末日窝审判）;Danny O\'Neil丹尼·奥尼尔（五部曲）;Bernard Carr伯纳德·卡尔（三部曲）短篇小说：Calico Shoes花布鞋;Guillotine Party行刑队文艺评论：A Note on Literary Criticism文艺评论札记;Literature and Morality文学与道德72、Lillian Hellman丽莲·海尔曼1905-1983The Children\'s Hour孩子们的时光;The Little Foxes小狐狸;Watch on the Rhine守望莱茵河;The Searching Wind彻骨的风;The Autumn Garden秋园;Tos in the Attic阁楼里的玩具;The Days to Come未来的日子;Another Part of the Forest森林的另一处回忆录：An Unfinished Wonman一个事业尚未终了的女人;Pentimento旧画新貌;Scoundrel Time邪恶的时代73、Clifford Odets克利福德·奥德茨1906-1963Waiting for Lefty等待老左/勒夫特;Awake and Sing!醒来歌唱;Till the Day I Die直到我死的那天;Paradise Lost失乐园;Golden Boy金孩子;Clash by Night夜间冲突;The Big Knife大刀;The Country Girl乡村姑娘;The Flowering Peach开花的桃树74、Richard Wright理查德·赖特1908-1960Uncle Tom\'s Children汤姆叔叔的孩子们;Native Son土生子;Black Boy;黑孩子The Outsiders局外人;The Long Dream漫长的梦;Eight Men八人行75、Eudora Welty尤多拉·韦尔蒂1906-短篇小说：Death of a Travelling,Salesman巡回推销员之死;A Curtain of Green and Other Stories 绿窗帘和其他;The Wide Net and Other Stories大网和其他故事;The Golden Apples金苹果;The Bridge of Innifallen英尼斯法伦的新娘长篇小说：The Robber Bridgeroom强盗新朗;Detta Wedding德尔塔的婚姻;The Ponder Heart庞德的心;The Losing Battles失败的战斗;The Optismist\'s Daughter乐观者的女儿76、Valdimir Nabokov弗·纳博科夫1899-1977Lolita洛莉塔;Pale Fire微暗的火;The Admiralty Sprie海军部大厦塔尖77、Anais Nin安娜伊思·宁1903-1977The Novel of Future未来的小说;Heida海达;House of Incest乱伦之家;Collages拼贴78、Issac Bashevis Singer艾萨克·辛格1904-1991Gimpel the Fool傻瓜吉姆佩尔;The Family Moskat莫斯卡特家族;Satan in Goray撒旦在戈雷;The Magician of Lublin卢布林的魔术师;The Slave奴隶;The Manor庄园;The Estate产业;Enenemies,A Love Story仇敌们，一个爱情故事;Shosha舒莎短篇小说：The Spinoza of Market Street市场街的斯宾诺莎;A Friend of Kafka卡夫卡的朋友名篇：Neighbours邻居79、Robert Penn Warren罗伯特·沃伦1905-1989Night Rider夜间骑士;At Heaven\'s Gate在天堂门口;All King\'s Men国王的全部人马;World Enough and Time足够的世界和时间;The Cave洞穴;Band of Angels天使的队伍;A Place to Come to归宿诗集：Thirtysix Poems;Selected Poems1923-1943;Brother toDragons;Promised:Poems1954-1956;You,Emperors and Others;Selected Poems New and Old1923-1966;Elven Poems on the Same Themet;Incarnation Poem1966-1968显灵：1966-1968诗选;Now and Then:Poems 1976-1978此时与彼时1976-1978诗选剧作：Proud Flesh骄傲的血肉之躯;Modern Rhetoric当代修辞学；Birth of Love爱之诞生（选自与Cleanth Brooks合编的Understanding Poetry/Understanding Fiction）逃亡者集团The Fugitive的宣言书I\'ll Take My Stand我表明我的立场80、Tennessee William田纳西·威廉斯1911-1983American Blues美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Yout 可爱的青春鸟81、John Cheever约翰·契弗1912-1982短篇小说：The Expelled开除短篇小说集：The Way Some People Live一些人的生活方式;The Enormous Radio and Other Stories巨型收音机和其他;The Housebreaker of Shaddy Hill and Other Stories绿茵山窃贼和其他;Some People,Places and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel一些不会在我下一部小说中出现的人物、地点、事件;The Brigadier and the Golf Widow陆军准将和高尔夫迷寡妇;The World of Apples苹果世界→The Stories of John Cheever契弗短篇小说选长篇小说：The Wapshot Chronicle/Scandal瓦普肖特纪事/丑闻;Bullet Park布利特公园;Falconer鹰猎者82、Irwin Shaw欧文·肖1913-1984Bury the Dead埋葬死者;Sailor off the Bremen不来梅港外的水手长篇小说：The Young Lions幼狮;The Troubled Air混浊的空气;Lucy Crown露茜·克朗;Two Weeks in Another Town；Voices of a Summer Day夏日的喁喁声;Rich Man,Poor Man;Evening in Byzantium;Nightwork认夜工;Beggarman,Thief;Bread upon the Waters83、Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃利林1914-长篇小说：Invisible Man看不见的人散文集：Shadow and Act影子与行动;Going to the Territory步入文学界84、Bernard Malamud伯纳德·马拉默德1914-1986长篇小说：The Natural天生运动员;The Assistant伙计;The Fixer装配工;A New Life新生活;God\'s Grace上帝的恩赐短篇小说：The Magic Barrel魔桶85、Landall Jarrel兰达尔·贾维尔1914-1965诗集：Blood for a Stranger献给一个陌生人的血;Little Friend ,Little Friend小朋友，小朋友;Losses损失;Seven-league Crutches七里格长的拐杖;The Lost World失去的世界小说：Pictures of an Institution学院小景;The Woman at the Washington Zoo华盛顿动物园的女人评论：Poetry and the Age诗歌与时代;The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner旋转炮塔炮手之死86、John Berryman约翰·贝里曼1914-1972诗：Homage to Mrs Bradstreet献给布拉兹特里夫人；The Dream Songs梦之歌;Poems1942;The Dispossessed被剥夺者（The Ball Poem小球诗）;77 Dream Songs;Berryman\'s Sonnets;Short Poems;His Toy;His Dream;His Rest;Love and Fame;Delusion,etc错觉及其他小说：Recovery复原传记：Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩87、Saul Bellow索尔·贝娄1915-长篇小说：Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim受害者;The Adventure of Augie March奥基·马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Summlar\'s Planet塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt\'s Gift洪堡的礼物中篇小说：Seize the Day且乐今朝88、Arthur Miller阿瑟·米勒1915-Situation Normal情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人;All My Sons都是我的儿子;The Death of a Salesman推销员;The Crucible严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays两个星期一的回忆;After the Fall堕落之后;Incident at Vichy维希事件;The Price代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他;The Archbishop\'s Ceiling大主教的天花板;The American Clock美国时钟89、Robert Lowell罗伯特·洛厄尔1917-1977诗：Lord Weary\'s Castle威尔利老爷的城堡;Life Studies人生探索名篇：For Sale;Walking in the Blue;For the Union Dead献给联邦死难士→自白诗运动90、J D Salinger杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格1919-短篇小说：The Young Folks年轻人短篇小说集：Nine Stories故事九篇中篇小说：Franny弗兰尼;Zooey卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters木匠们，把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人长篇小说：The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者91、Betty Frieden贝蒂·弗里丹1921-The Feminine Mystique女性的奥秘;It Changed My Life它改变了我的生活;The Second Stage第二阶段（How to get the Women\'s Movement Moving Again）92、Alex Haley亚历克斯·哈利1921-1992The Autobiography of Malcolm X马尔科姆·艾克斯自传Roots根;Hanning汉宁镇（自传体小说）93、Jack Kerouac杰克·凯鲁亚克1922-1966（"垮掉的一代"奠基者）The Town and the City镇和城;On the Road在路上;The Subterraneans 地下居民;The Dharma Bums达摩的流浪者;Visions of Cody科迪的梦想；Doctor Sax萨克斯医生;Maggie Cassidy麦琪·卡西迪;Mexico City Blues墨西哥城的布鲁斯;Lonesome Traveller孤独的旅行者;Desolation Angels凄凉天使;Satori in Paris巴黎参禅记;Vanity of Duluoz杜卢奥斯的偏见94、Kurt Vonnegut库特·冯尼格特长篇小说：Player Piano自动钢琴;The Sirens of Titan泰坦族的海妖;Cat\'s Craddle猫的摇篮;Slaughterhouse Five第五号屠场;Mother Night黑夜母亲;God Bless You,Mr Rosewater上帝保佑你，罗斯瓦特先生;Breakfast of Champions顶呱呱的早餐;Slapstick,or Lonesome No More滑稽剧,又名不再孤独;Jailbird囚犯;Deadeye Dick神枪手迪克短篇小说集：Welcome to the Monkey House欢迎到猴房来（Report on the Barnhouse Effect 关于巴恩豪斯效应的报告）95、Norman Mailer诺曼·米勒1923-（垮掉的一代；文学恐怖主义者/亡命之徒）裸者与死者；Barbary Shore巴巴里海滨;The Deer Park廘苑;An American Dream一场美国梦;The White Negro白色黑人;Advertisement for Myself 为自己做广告;Why Are We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner\'s Song刽子手之歌;The Armies of the Night夜色幕下的大军（History as a Novel/The Novel as History）-非虚构小说;New Journalism新新闻报道96、James Dichey詹姆斯·迪基1923-诗集：Into the Stone钻入石头;Drowning With Others跟别人一起淹死（The Lifeguard救生员）;Helmets头盔;Buckdancer\'s Choice班克舞者的选择;Poems1957-1967;The Iodiac黄道长诗：Deliverance解脱诗论集：The Suspect in Poetry诗歌中的嫌疑犯;Babel to Byzatium从巴别尔到拜占庭97、Joseph Heller约瑟夫·海勒1923-长篇小说：Catch-22第二十二条军规;Something Happened出了毛病;As Good as Gold像高尔德一样好剧本：We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽黑文;Catch-22;Clevinger\'s Trial克莱文杰受审（据Catch-22第八章）98、James Baldwin詹姆斯·鲍德温1924-1987散文集：Note of a Native Son土生子的笔记;Nobody Knows My Name;Fire Next Time下一次烈火;No Name in the Street他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工作小说：Go Tell it on the Mountain向苍天呼吁;Giovanni\'s Room乔万尼的房间;Another Country另一个国度;Tell Me How Long the Train\'s Been Gone告诉我火车已开多久;If Beale Street Could Talk假如比尔能说话;Just Above My Head就在我头上短篇小说集：Going to Meet the Man去见这个人剧本：The Amen Corner阿门角;Blues for Mister Charley为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后100、Flannery O\'Connor弗兰纳里·奥康纳1925-1964长篇小说：Wise Blood慧血;The Violent Bear It Away它为强暴者所夺走短篇小说集：A Good Man Is Hard to Find好人难寻;Everything That Rises Must Converg上升的一切必然汇合e名文：Good Country People善良的乡下人;The Lame Shall Enter First跛腿者先进去;Greenleaf格林利夫;Revelation;Parker\'s Back派克的背101、William Styron威廉·斯泰伦1925-Lie Down in Darkness躺在黑暗中;The Long March长途行军;Set This House on Fire放火烧屋;The Confessions of Nat Turner纳特·特纳的自白;Sophie\'s Choice索菲的选择102、Allen Ginsburg艾伦·金斯堡1926-诗集：Howl and Other Poems嚎叫及其他（America）（The Beat Generation垮掉的一代的宣言书和代表作）;Kaddish and Other Poems卡第绪及其他;Plannet News行星消息;The Fall of America美国的衰弱103、James Wright詹姆斯·赖特1927-1980诗集：The Green Wall绿墙;Saint Judas圣徒犹大;The Tail and Eyes of a Lion狮子的尾巴和眼睛;The Branch Will Not Break树枝不会断;Shall We Gather at the River我们在河边聚会;Collected Poems;Two Citizens两位公民;Moments of the Italian Summer意大利之夏;To a Blossoming Pear Tree致盛开鲜花的梨树;This Journey;A Blessing祝福104、Edward Albee爱德华·阿尔比1928-The Zoo Story动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith贝西·史密斯之死;The Sandbox沙箱;The American Dream美国梦;Who\'s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫;Tiny Alice小爱丽丝;A Delicate Balance脆弱的羊群;Seascape海景;The Lady from Dubuque来自杜布克的女人;The Man With Three Arms在臂人105、Martin Luther King Jr马丁·路德·金1929-1968I Have a Dream;Stride Toward Freedom迈向自由;Strength to Love爱的力量;Why We Can\'t Wait?;Where Do We Go from Here,Chaos or Community?今后我们何去何从，纷争还是团结？106、Gary Snyder加里·斯奈德1930-（ecology poet）Riprap大卵石（Piute Creek皮尤特河）;Myths Texts神话与现实;The Back Country偏僻的山村;Regarding Wave观浪（Meeting the Mountain进山）;Turtle Island龟岛;Left Out in the Rain：New Poems 1974-1985留在雨中:1974-1985新诗集文集：Six Sections from Mountains and Rivers Without End Plus One山水穷尽六章外一章;The Real Work:Interviews and Talks脚踏实地工作：访问记与演讲稿107、John Barth约翰·巴思1930-长篇小说：The Floating Opera漂浮的歌剧;The End of the Road穷途末路;The Sot-weed Factor 烟草代理商;Letters书信集;Giles Goat-boy山羊孩子贾尔斯;Lost in the Funhouse迷失在开心馆里（Title题目）;Chimera客迈拉；Sabbatical学院的轮休假;The Friday Book:Essays and Other Nonfictions星期五的书：论文及其他非小说108、Tony Morrison托尼·莫里森1931-The Bluest Eye最蓝的眼睛;Sula苏拉;Song of Solomon所罗门之歌;Tar Baby柏油娃娃;Beloved;Jazz爵士乐109、John Updike厄普代克1932-长篇小说：The Poorhouse Fair养老院义卖会;Rabbit, Run兔子，跑吧;Rabbit Relax兔子回家;Rabbit Is Rich兔字发财;Centaur马人;Of the Farm农场;Couples夫妇;The Witches of Eastwick 伊斯特威克的巫婆们;Tust Me信赖我短篇小说集：Pigeon Feather and Other Stories鸽羽及其他故事;The Music School 音乐学校;Problems and Other Stories问题及其他故事评论集：Hugging the Shore:Essays and Criticism拥抱海洋：论文与批评诗集：Midpoint and Other Poems中点及其他诗篇小说：V；The Crying of Lot 49 49号遗物的拍卖;Gravity\'s Rainbow万有引力之虹110、Joyce Carol Oates 乔伊斯·卡洛尔·欧茨1938-。
美国文学各时期
1.Early Colonial Literature. 1607-17002.The literature of Reason And Revolution(18th century) The 18th-century American Enlightenment was a movement marked by an emphasis on rationality rather than tradition, scientific inquiry instead of unquestioning religious dogma, and representative government in place of monarchy. Enlightenment thinkers and writers were devoted to the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality as the natural rights of man.3. American RomanticismFeatures:1)From the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of he Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. It is also called “the American Renaissance”.2)The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature.3) The American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values.4) Besides, a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers5)The most clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period is New England Transcendentalism6)It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe, from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville, from the psychological romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding.4. The literature of Realism (1865-1918)1. This new attitude was characterized by a great interest in the realities of life.2.Interpreting sympathetically the “common feelings of commonplace people” was best suited as a technique to express the spirit of America.3.They introduced industrial workers and farmers , ambitious businessmen and vagrants流浪者, prostitutes妓女and unheroic胆怯的soldiers as major characters in fiction .4.They approached the harsh realities and pressures in the post Civil War society either by a comprehensive picture of modern life , or by a psychological exploration of man's subconsciousness .5.Artistically ,naturalistic writings are usually unpolished in language , lacking in academic skills and unwieldy in structure . Philosophically , the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hiddenfrom the eyes of the individual , or beyond this control . In a word , naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic .5. The Modern Period of literature1.The idea of “seize the day” or “enjoy the present” was pervasive, as opposed to placing all hope in the future.2.the writer’s task was to develop techniques that could represent a break with the past. Thus, the defining formal characteristics of the modernistic works are discontinuity and fragmentation.3.A typical modern work will seem to begin arbitrarily, to advance without explanation, and to end without resolution.4.They usually “screen himself” and speak ind irectly through an impersonal and objective story, which is usually a myth or a piece of the earlier literature, or a “mask”, that is, a persona.On the Characteristics and Speciality of Literature in Each Stage美国文学各个时期特点文理学院11级英语二班陈佳雯02。
美国文学习题与练习
美国文学习题与练习I. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry GodQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. Who are the sinners in the hands of an angry God?2. What does the expression that the speaker has chosen imply?3. Why can t the wicked Israelites foresee the destruction to which they are exposed?4. Why do wicked men deserve to be cast into hell?5. Why are the wicked Israelites not fallen already?6. Is there anything a natural man can do to secure himself from hell?7. What can keep wicked men out of hell?8. Why is God so angry with the wicked men who are now on earth?9. What would happen if God should withdraw his restraining power?10. Under what circumstances is God under an obligation to keep a natural man from eternal destruction?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What imagery does the speaker use to describe the invincibility of God？2. Give one example of the speaker s metaphorical mode of perception.3. Find two epigrams in the texts.4. What is the speaker s purpose of depicting such a horrifying image of the wicked men dangled over the pit of hell?5. What effect do you think this sermon will have on the listeners?A Question for WritingWhat religious doctrines of the Puritans are portrayed in Jonathan Edwards sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”?II. From The AutobiographyQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. Why did Franklin set up a Public Subscription Library in Phila-delphia?2. What did the Library afford him?3. What did he consider as a means of obtaining wealth and distinction?4. What did Franklin regard as the essentials of every religion?5. Make a shorthand list of the memorable anecdotes Franklin tells about himself.6. According to the selection, why did Franklin cr eate his “Method” for “moral perfection”?7. Can you summarize Franklin s “Method”for “moral perfection”?8. What surprised Franklin when he began to follow his plan for self-examination?9. What satisfaction did he have? What gave him the most trouble?10. At first Franklin s list contained twelve virtues. Why did he later add Humility to his list?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. How would you describe Franklin s writing style?2. What is Franklin s purpose of writing The Autobiography? And how does that purpose change throughout the work?3. Franklin often struggles to strike a balance between promoting humility and promoting his accomplishments. How successful is he in maintaining this balance?4. Discuss Franklin s optimism as a young man versus the diminished optimism he has as an adult looking back on his life. How do the two work together?5. How does Franklin employ humor in The Autobiography? Find three examples of humor or worldly wisdom that help illustrate why Franklin was regarded as one of the wittiest Americans of the eighteenth century.6. How can writing an autobiography contribute to self-knowledge? By way of example, explain what Benjamin Franklin The Autobiographer comes to see about Benjamin Franklin the young man.A Question for WritingMany critics regard The Autobiography as a statement about American national identity. What ideals does the book convey? And why are these ideas worth pursuing?III. From NatureQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. According to paragraph 1 in the “Introduction”, what does Emerson say would happen if the stars appeared one night in a thousand years?2. According to paragraph 2, why does Emerson believe that the stars awaken a reverence in people?3. When do natural objects make a similar impression of reverence?4. How does Emerson describe the lover of nature?5. What does Emerson mean when he says, “In the woods too, a man casts off his years”?6. Why does Emerson say, “I am part particle of God”?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What is Emerson s idea about the relationship between man and nature?2. According to Emerson, what is the distinction between adult and children?3. Where does Emerson believe the power for a true relationship between man and God comes from?4. What Transcendental ideas does Emerson express in this essay?A Question for WritingWhat does Emerson mean when he describes himself as “a transparent eyeball” when he is in the woods? How does this state of mind affect his relationship with God?From Self-RelianceQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. What does the Epilogue to Beaumont and Fletcher s Honest Man s Fortune imply?2. What, according to Emerson, is the highest merit that we ascribe to great men?3. According to Emerson, under what conditions will man be “happy and strong”?4. What, according to Emerson, does society require of its members?5. According to Emerson, what will happen if we live truly?6. What does Emerson want the American people to declare?7. What does Emerson urge people to do?8. What lessons do the great figures of the past teach us about the concept of self-reliance?9. What is the central doctrine in Emerson s ethical thought?10. Is Emerson optimistic or pessimistic about human nature and human potential?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. In this essay, Emerson points out what conformity leads to, and advocates self-reliance. What is the foundation of self-reliance?2. Emerson maintains that a true individual must be willing to face the consequences of thinking individually and critically and he must not be trapped into mediocrity by his own fear of being inconsistent or not in step with his peers. Find some examples from this essay to show his individualism.3. Today most people like traveling. But why does Emerson say that the soul is no traveler and traveling is a fool s paradise?4. According to Emerson, society never advances. It recedes as fast on one side as it gains on the other. For everything that is given, something is taken. For instance, the civilized man has built a coach, but has lost the use of his feet. Do you agree with him? Why or why not?5. What is Emerson s most striking stylistic quality?6. Emerson uses many epigrams in this essay. List some examples to show the stylistic features of his writing.A Question for WritingTo what extent can the concept of self-reliance be considered a fundamental American idea?IV. The RavenQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. What was the narrator doing when he first heard the tapping?2. What did he see when he opened the door?3. What did he see when he flung the shutter?4. Where was the raven? And what did it look like?5. Why did the narrator associate the raven with an agent of the supernatural?6. What was the only word that the raven spoke?7. Why did the narrator think that the raven spoke only one word?8. What did he guess the word “Nevermore” meant?9. What did he ask the bird to do toward the end of the poem?10. Did the bird leave the narrator alone at the end of the poem?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What do you think the raven symbolizes? Why?2. Evaluate the narrator s emotional state at the beginning of the poem, in the last but one stanza, and in the last stanza.3. In this poem the raven steadily repeats the word “Nevermore”. What do you think is the poet s intention of letting the raven repeat this word?4. What is the theme of this poem? Is it Poe s favorite theme?5. Poe often uses sound devices to produce a musical effect. Find out and discuss the sound devices that he uses to produce a musical effect in the poem.A Question for WritingPoe believes that the function of poetry is not to describe and interpret earthly experience, but to create a mood in which the soul is elevated to supernal beauty. Describe the mood of this poem, and discuss its relations with Poe s idea of the function of poetry.V. The Minister’s Black VeilQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. How does the black veil, when the minister first wears it, affect his parishioners?2. How does the black veil affect the minister s sermons that Sunday morning?3. What is the villagers response to the minister s black veil?4. What happens in the afternoon when the minister bends over the coffin of a young lady?5. What happens during the wedding of a handsome couple that night?6. Why do the deputies fail in their attempt to remove the minister s black veil?7. Elizabeth thinks that the veil might well be a “symptom of mental di-sease”. What is the specific nature of the disease? What evidence is there to suggest that she might be right?8. “Among all its bad influ ences, the black veil had the one desirable effect of making its wearer a very efficient clergyman.” Explain what this desirable effect is?9. Why does the Reverend Mr. Clark persuade Father Hooper to remove his black veil before he dies?10. When the minister is dying, he says: “I look around me, and, lo! On every visage a Black Veil!!” What does he imply?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. “All through life that piece of crape had hung between him and the world; it had separated from cheerful brotherhood and woman s love, and kept him in that saddest of all prisons, his own heart.”What effect does the veil have on Mr. Hooper s life?2. Mr. Hooper dislikes the black veil himself. His antipathy to the veil is known to be so great that he never willingly passes before a mirror, nor stoops to drink at a still fountain. Why does he persist in wearing it?3. The black veil is the major symbol in the story. What do you think is its function in the story?4. Does Hawthorne believe that ever yone seems to cover up his innermost “evil” in theway the minister tries to convince his people with his black veil? If he does, do you agree with him?5. Hawthorne and Emerson are contemporaries and they are both members of the Transcendental Club, but they have different views of man and the world. Discuss the differences between these two writers.A Question for WritingIntellectually intrigued by the prospect of evil, Hawthorne s fiction is noted for its pessimistic reflection of a world dominated by Puritanism. Does he recognize a decadence inherent in Puritanism and the oppressing guilt and secrecy to which it inevitably leads?VI. When I Heard the Learn’d AstronomerQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. What aids does the astronomer use during his lecture?2. What does the speaker feel about the lecture as he listens?3. Where does the speaker go when he wanders off?4. What does the speaker do after he leaves the lecture room?5. What is the difference between the astronomer and the speaker?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What wisdom does the speaker find that the astronomer and his audience do not have?2. What is the rhythmic pattern of the poem? What does this pattern imply?3. What poetic devices are employed in this poem? And what is the effect?4. What does this poem have in common with Romantic or Transcendentalist poetry that you have read? In what way is it different?Cavalry Crossing a FordQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. What is the central image in the poem?2. What are the four parts of the image?3. What adjectives does the poet use to paint this verse picture?4. What do lines 3 and 4 imply?5. Do the soldiers really care about the war?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What functions does the central image perform in the poem?2. What atmosphere does the poem create?3. What is the poet s attitude toward the war?4. Comment on the poet s attitude toward the war.Come Up from the Fields, FatherQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. Who receives the letter and calls the father and mother to the front door?2. What is the mother s reaction to receiving the letter?3. What has happened to the son?4. Why does the poet describe the prosperous farm in Ohio?5. What is the effect of the news on the mother?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What contrast does the poem build?2. What is its effect of this contrast on the reader?3. What idea does the poem present?4. Why does the poet use the word “better” three times in the poem?Out of the Cradle Endlessly RockingQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. What is the effect of the use of the repeated preposition such as out, over, down, up, from?2. Describe the plot line of this poem.3. What happens to the two birds in the poem?4. What does the sea symbolize?5. What does the sea show the boy?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. How does this poem link Whitman to the Romantics?2. Describe Whitman’s account of his development as a poet.3. What is Whitman’s attitude toward “death”?4. Why does the speaker say “My own songs awaked from that hour”?A Question for WritingWhat is uniquely American about Whitman’s poetry? Consider both his theme and style.VII. A Bird Came down the Walk—Questions for Reading Comprehension1. What does the bird eat in the natural world?2. Why does the bird hop sidewise to let a beetle pass? Does the bird fear the beetle?3. What does the speaker do in stanza 4?4. Is the bird frightened by the speaker? Why?5. What does the speaker compare the bird s movement to in stanza 5?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What kind of atmosphere do the first two stanzas create?2. Interpret the implied meaning of line 2: “He did not know I saw—”.3. What effect does the comparison in stanza 5 impose on the poem?4. What is Dickinson s attitude toward nature?I Died for Beauty—But Was ScarceQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. Why does the first speaker “I” say that he was scarcely adjusted?2. Why does the second speaker “he” ask, “Why I failed”?3. The second speaker says, “We Brethren are”. What does he mean?4. What happens to the two speakers toward the end of the poem? And what does it imply?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What is the theme of the poem?2. Does this poem have anything to do with Dickinson s principle of poetic composition?Because I Could Not Stop for Death—Questions for Reading Comprehension1. What does Death s carriage hold?2. What are the three things that the speaker and Death pass in stanza 3?3. What is the “House”in the ground in stanza 5? Is this the speaker s final destination?4. Is the speaker in this poem alive or dead? What day is she describing?5. Why does the day seem so long to the speaker?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What do lines 1 to 2 suggest about human behavior?2. What might the three things the speaker pass in stanza 3 represent?3. What is Dickinson’s idea about death and immortality?A Question for WritingWhat are the features of Dickinson’s poetry that impress you most?VIII. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras CountyQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. Why does the first narrator call on Simon Wheeler?2. Whom does Simon Wheeler talk about? Why does he talk about him?3. Where is the narrator from? Is he educated?4. Where do you think old Simon Wheeler lives?5. Did Simon Wheeler have a good education? Why or why not?6. Why does the writer name the pup and the frog after two American politicians?7. Why is Jim Smiley s frog defeated by the stranger s?8. Do you think Simon Wheeler is a good story-teller?9. How does the first narrator respond to the story of Jim Smiley?10. How does Simon Wheeler counteract the ridiculousness of the story about Jim Smiley?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What are the differences in character and cultural background between the firstnarrator and the second narrator Simon Wheeler?2. How do these differences contribute to the humor of the story?3. How does the first narrator s language differ from that of the second? How do the differences contribute to the reliability of their narration?4. Conflicts arise when the East meets the West. How does Mark Twain present the two sides involved in the conflict?5. As a typical western hoax, the story tells about how the weak succeed in “hoaxing” the strong. In what way does the story reflect the re-ality in the California Mining camps?A Question for WritingMark Twain once said, “I see no great difference between a man and a watch, except that a man is conscious and a watch is not.” How does Mark Twain view human nature? How does the story reflect the writer’s view of hum nature?IX. The Law of LifeQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. Who is the narrator of the story?2. In which season does the story take place? And who are those people in the story?3. Why is Old Koskoosh deserted by his people?4. Why does Old Koskoosh give up fighting for his life?5. How does Old Koskoosh justify the fact of being deserted?6. What do you think would happen to Old Koskoosh in the end?7. How does Old Koskoosh s death echo his hunting trip during his energetic youth?8. What, according to the story, is the law of life?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. While sitting there, Old Koskoosh recollects many things, including the famine days, the plenty days, and his hunting trip. How do his recollections contribute to the theme of the story?2. What does the title “The Law of Life” suggest?3. What do you think of the Indian tradition of “deserting the old”, taking into consideration the harsh circumstances at the time of the story?4. How does the author view the relationship between man and nature?5. What are the naturalistic views revealed in this story?A Question for WritingLondon once told Charmian, his second wife, “To me the idea o f death is sweet. Think of it—to lie down and go into the dark out of all the struggle and pain of living—to go to sleep and rest, always to be resting...When I come to die, I will be smiling at death, I promise you.” How does London’s attitude toward death find its way into this story?X. In a Station of the MetroQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. Where does the narrator see the “faces”?2. What are the “faces” compared to?3. What adjectives does the narrator use to describe the “bough”? Ho w does the description foreground the “petals”?4. What are the two images juxtaposed in the poem?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. Does the poet supply you with any information about how you should think or feel about the poem?2. Why do es the poet use the word “apparition” rather than the word “appearance”?3. Pound himself mentions the following Japanese haiku (a two-line couplet with rhymes) in an essay. Compare “In the Station of the Metro” with this haiku and discuss their simila rities and differences.The footsteps of the cat upon the snoware like the plum blossoms.4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Imagist poetry, using this poem as an illustration?A Question for WritingIn what way does this poem reflect Imagist poetry?XI. The Road Not TakenQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. Why does the speaker feel sorry in the first stanza?2. Why does the speaker think that the second road may have the better claim?3. Which road does he take? Why?4. Why does the speaker say that he will be telling this story with a sign “ages and ages hence”?5. Does the speaker think he has made the wrong choice? Why or why not?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What do the two roads represent?2. What does the speaker s choice tell about him?3. Are the two roads the same or different? What do their similarities or differences suggest?4. Why is the poem entitled “The Road Not Taken”?5. What rhythmical devices does the poet use in the poem?A Question for WritingWhat philosophy of life is implied in the poem? Have you met with any dilemmas in your life comparable to the speaker’s?Mending WallQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. How many characters are there in the poem? Who are they?2. What is the thing that “doesn t love a wall”(line 1)?3. What happens as a result of the fact that “Something there is that doesn t love a wall”? What other kind of destruction to the wall is described in Lines 5 to 9?4. How do the speaker and his neighbor go about fixing the wall at spring mending-time (Lines 12 to 22)?5. What is the central issue or subject matter in the poem?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What kind of darkness surrounds his neighbor? And why is the neighbor compared toa savage?2. Why does the speaker say that the wall stays always where we do not need it (Line 23)?3. What does the wall symbolize? What do people wall in and wall out?4. How is the speaker s attitude towards the wall different from his neighbor s?5. What do the speaker and his neighbor represent respectively?A Question for WritingHow do you understand “Good fences make good neighbors” (Line 27)?Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. Why is the owner of the woods unable to see the speaker stopping by his woods?2. What causes the speaker to stop?3. What is the horse s response when the speaker stops?4. When and where does the event in the poem take place?5. Why does the speaker find the woods lovely?6. What must the speaker do before he goes to sleep?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What is the function of the horse in the second and third stanzas?2. What internal conflict does the speaker experience when he decides to leave the woods?3. What might the incident by the woods represent?4. Why does the poet repeat the line “And miles to go before I sleep”? Does the meaning of the word “sleep” alter in a ny way?5. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? What effect does this rhyme scheme create? Or how is the poem “knit” to a close?XII. A Clean, Well-lighted PlaceQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. Why does the old man come to the café and get drunk every night?2. What is the reason for the old man s attempted suicide?3. Neither of the two waiters in the story is named, and their dialogue is not identified.However, the reader is still able to distinguish them, mainly through their different attitudes towards the old man drinking at the café. In what ways do the two waiters differ?4. What different views do the two waiters hold towards life?5. How does the old man carry himself when he leaves the café?6. Why is the middle-aged waiter reluctant to close up for the night?7. What does he do on the way home?8. “Nothing” is the key word in the story. What deeper meaning does the author give it as the story unfolds?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. Notice the contrast between “darkness” and “light” in the story. What sy mbolic meanings does the title of the story “A Clean, Well-lighted Place” bear?2. What information can you gather about the social background and the setting of the story?3. Lord s Prayer appears at the end of the story with some key words replaced by the Spanish word “nada”, which means “nothing”. Why?4. What effect does Hemingway create by not naming any of his characters in the story? How do you understand the last sentence, “Many must have it”?5. What are the principal features of Hemingway s style?A Question for WritingHemingway’s major theme is “grace under pressure,”that is, keeping one s dignity in the face of extreme situations. How is this theme presented in the story?XIII. A Rose for EmilyQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. Where is the story set?2. Explain the basic plot in its chronological order. Is it in accordance with the narrative order?3. Does Miss Emily love Homer Barron? And does he really love her?4. What is Miss Emily s attitude towards her father? Why doesn t she cry when her father dies?5. Why does Miss Emily kill Homer Barron? What motivates her to do that?6. Why does Miss Emily keep Homer Barron s body in her room?7. The character of Miss Emily is revealed in several episodes in the story. What kind of person is she? And what does she represent?8. What is the attitude of the people of the town toward Miss Emily and her family?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. What do Miss Emily s house and its surrounding suggest to you? What does the story say about the male-female relationships in American society of that time?3. Except for the title, a rose is never mentioned in the story. Why do you think Faulkner chooses this title?4. Who is the narrator of the story? What do you know about him? Can you list his“values”? Are his values shared by the town?5. Is this narrator reliable? Does the sex identity of the narrator affect the narration in any way?A Question for WritingMany critics have interpreted Miss Emily as a symbol of the post-Civil-War American South. Do you agree with this interpretation?XIV. Desire Under the ElmsDiscussion Questions for Appreciation1. Abbie says that Eben’s mother would be pleased that he does what she asks him to do. Does Eben believe in it or not? Why or why not?2. It is in Eben’s mother’s parlor that Abbie finally succeeds seducing him. What is the significance of this arrangement?3. In 1929, O’Neill says, “What has influenced my plays the most is my knowledge of drama of all time,—particularly Greek drama.” Some critics also point out that Hippolytus, Phaedra and Medea serve as the prototypes of some of the characters in the play. With whom are Hippolytus and Phaedra identified in the play? And Medea? Please justify your viewpoint.4. One critic points out, “The meaning and unity of his ［O’Neill’s］work lies not in any controlling intellectual idea and certainly not in a “message”, but merely in the fact that each play is an experience of extraordinary intensity.” Do you think that this play is an experience of extraordinary intensity?A Question for WritingO’Neill is said to be interested in the theory of the psychologist Sigmund Freud: the power of irrational drive, the existence of subconscious, the roles of repression, suppression, and inhibition in the formation of personality and in adult suffering; the importance of sex; and above all, the lifelong influence of parents. Can you justify at least two aspects of Freud’s influence on O’Neill by quoting evidence from the excerpt?XV. The Catcher in the RyeQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. To what does Holden compare Phoebe s behavior when she finds out that he was expelled from Pencey?2. Where does Holden say that his father will send him when he learns that Holden has been expelled?3. Even though Holden likes Mr. Spencer, he considers him a phony, why?4. What was the Pencey alumnus looking for when he came to Holden and Stradlater s dorm?5. When Holden thinks about the nuns, what does he picture them doing?6. One of Holden s classmates, James Castle, commits suicide by jumping from a dormitory window while wearing Holden s sweater. What do you make of this?7. What does Holden think of his dead younger brother, Allie?8. Discuss Holden s relationship with Phoebe citing specifics from their conversations.Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden seems to be talking to another person. Who do you think that person is?2. Why do you think this novel is frequently subject to censorship efforts in public schools and libraries? How might you defend the book against efforts to remove it from school libraries?3. Though Holden never describes his psychological breakdown directly, it becomes clear as the novel progresses that he is growing increasingly unstable. How does Salinger indicate this instability to the reader while protecting his narrator s reticence?4. Humor plays an important role in this story. Can you find some examples in this chapter? What does this imply about Salinger s view of the human condition?5. Holden often behaves like a prophet or a saint, pointing out the phoniness and wickedness in the world around him. Are there instances where Holden is phony, too? What do these moments reveal about his character and his psychological problems?6. What do you think Holden s future will be?A Question for WritingExamine carefully the description of the “catcher in the rye.” Analyze the symbols in this description. What are the kids falling into? What does “the rye” symbolize? Why does Holden want to be the catcher in the rye? What are the positive and negative aspects of his fantasy?XVI. Everyday UseQuestions for Reading Comprehension1. When offered the quilts before she left for college, Dee refused them, ashamed to own such “old fashioned” items. Upon her return, Dee covets the folk-art objects that comprise everyday reality for her mother and sister. What accounts for Dee s change of heart?2. Has she learned to appreciate her mother and her heritage?3. By what process do the quilts get made? What is remarkable about the social occasions which bring them into being?4. Which of the various facts about the quilts do Maggie and Dee “single out” as what is “essential” about the quilts for them?5. What are the differences in character between Dee and Maggie, and how do these show up in the differences between what the quilts mean to them?6. In “Everyday Use,” Walker presents two very different perceptions of heritage and values as narrated through the viewpoint of a mother observing her two daughters. How does she describe each child? What use does the mother anticipate that Dee and Maggie would put the quilts to?7. What does the mother think of Dee s new name and the gentleman who accompanies Dee?8. The narrator indicates that she has not had much of an education, and that she is a strong, mannish, earthy woman. Is the narrator really as ignorant as she claims?Discussion Questions for Appreciation1. How do the two daughters act as foils to each other? What values does each represent, and。
美国文学-复习资料+答案
美国⽂学-复习资料+答案1.The American Transcendentalists formed a club called _________ .the Transcendental Club2.______ was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. WashingtonIrving3.At nineteen___________ published in his brother’s newspaper, his "Jonathan Oldstyle"satires of New York life.4.In Washington Irving’s work___________ appeared the first modern short stories and thefirst great American juvenile literature. The Sketch Book5.The first important American novelist was____________. James Fenimore Cooper6.James Fenimore Cooper’s novel ___________ was a rousing tale about espionage againstthe British during the Revolutionary War.The Spy7.The best of James Fenimore Cooper's sea romances was_____________.The Pilot8."To a Waterfowl" is perhaps the peak of_______________’s work; it has been called by aneminent English critic “the most perfect brief poem in the language.”William Cullen Bryant9.__________ was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet in the worldliterature.10.Edgar Allan Poe’s poem____________ is perhaps the best example of onomatopoeia in theEnglish language.The Bells11.Edgar Allan Poe's poem____________ was published in 1845 as the title poem of acollection. The Raven12.From Henry David Thoreau’s Concord jail experience, came his famous essay ______.Civil DisobedienceBy the 1830s Washington Irving was judged the nation' s greatest writer, a lofty position he later shared with James Fenimore Cooper and William Cullen Bryant.In the early nineteenth century, the attitude of American writers was shaped by their New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantic tradition of Europe.As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical.The foundation of American national literature was laid by the early American romanticists.At mid-19th century, a cultural reawakening brought a "flowering of New England". Romantic writers in the 19th century placed increasing value on the free expression of emotion and displayed increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters.With a vast group of supporting characters, virtuous or villainous, James Fenimore Cooper made the America conscious of his past, and made the European conscious of America.No other American poet ever surpassed Edgar Allan Poe’s ability in the use of English as a medium of pure musical and rhythmic beauty.The Fall of the House of Usher is one of Edgar Allan Poe's short stories.Ralph Waldo Emerson was recognized as the leader of transcendentalist movement, but he never applied the term "Transcendentalist" to himself or to his beliefs and ideas.In 1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson published his first book, Nature, which met with a mild reception.Ralph Waldo Emerson's prose style was sometimes as highly individual as his poetry.The harsh rhythms and striking images of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry appeal to many modern readers as artful techniques.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s writings belong to the milder aspects of the Romantic Movement.American romanticism was in a way derivative: American romantic writing was some of them modeled on English and European works.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s aesthetics brought about a revolution in American literature in general and in American poetry in particular.Henry David Thoreau was an active Transcendentalist. He was by no means an "escapist" or a recluse, but was intensely involved in the life of his day.The Scarlet Letter is set in the seventeenth century. It is an elaboration of a fact which the author took out of the life of the Puritan past.2. Transcendentalism took their ideas from___________ .A. the romantic literature in EuropeB. neo-PlatonismC. German idealistic philosophyD. the revelations of oriental mysticismABCD8. Transcendentalists recognized__________ as the "highest power of the soul.”A. intuition10. Transcendentalism appealed to those who disdained the harsh God of the Puritan ancestors, and it appealed to those who scorned the pale deity of New EnglandA. TranscendentalismB. HumanismC. NaturalismD. UnitarianismD13. The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature, evident in _________ .A. James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking TalesB. Henry David Thoreau’s WaldenC. Mark Twain’s Huckleberry FinnD. Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet LetterABC14. A preoccupation with the demonic and the mystery of evil marked the works of_________ , and a host of lesser writers.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman MelvilleD. Mark TwainABC16. In the nineteenth century America, Romantics often shared certain general characteristics. Choose such characteristics from the following.A. moral enthusiasmB. faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perceptionC. adoration for the natural worldD. presumption about the corrosive effect of human societyABCD17. Choose Washington Irving' s works from the following.A. The Sketch BookB. Bracebridge HallC. Tales of a TravellerD. A History of New YorkABCD18. In James Fenimore Cooper's novels, close after Natty Bumppo in romantic appeal , come the two noble red men. Choose them from the following.A. the Mohican Chief ChingachgookB. UncasC. Tom JonesD. Kubla KhanABIn 1817, the stately poem called Thanatopsis introduced the best poet___________ to appear in America up to that time.A. Edward TaylorB. Philip FreneauC. William Cullen BryantD. Edgar Allan PoeC To a Waterfowl Thanatopsis21. From the following, choose the poems written by Edgar Allan Poe.A. To HelenB. The RavenC. Annabel LeeD. The BellsABCD23. Edgar Allan Poe's first collection of short stories is___________ .D. Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque24. From the following, choose the characteristics of Ralph Waldo Emerson's poetry.A. being highly individualB. harsh rhythmsC. lack of form and polishD. striking imagesABCD25. Which book is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. Representative MenB. English TraitsC. NatureD. The RhodoraD26. Which essay is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson?A. Of StudiesB. Self-RelianceC. The American ScholarD. The Divinity School AddressA30. Nathaniel Hawthorne's ability to create vivid and symbolic images that embody great moral questions also appears strongly in his short stories. Choose his short stories from the following.A. Young Goodman BrownB. The Great Stone FaceC. The Ambitious Guest ABCDD. Ethan BrandE. The Pearl32. Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne_____________ in American literature.A. the largest brain with the largest heart34. __________ was a romanticized account of Herman Melville's stay among the Polynesians. The success of the book soon made Melville well known as the " man who lived among cannibals". Typee37. In the early nineteenth century American moral values were essentially Puritan. Nothing has left a deeper imprint on the character of the people as a whole than did__________ .A. Puritanism"The universe is composed of Nature and the soul... Spirit is present everywhere". This is the voice of the book Nature written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England______ Transcendentalism43. Which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism?A. Nature45. _________ is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne' s belief that "the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones" and that evil will come out of evil though it may take many generations to happen.A. The Marble FaunB. The House of Seven GablesC. The Blithedale RomanceD. Young Goodman BrownBOnce upon a midnight dreary, while i pondered, weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door."Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door—Only this, and nothing more. "Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.Eagerly I wished the morrow; —vainly I had tried to borrowFrom my books surcease of sorrow-sorrow for the lost.Edgar Allan PoeThe RavenDescribe the mood of this poem: A sense of melancholy over the death of a beloved beautiful young woman pervades the whole poem, the portrayal of a young man grieving for his lost Leno-re, his grief turned to madness under the steady one-word repetition of the talking bird. Work 3: Nuture1.As the leading New England Transcendentalist, Emerson effected a most articulatesynthesis of the Transcendentalist views. One major element of his philosophy if hisfirm belief in the transcendence of the "Oversoul". His emphasis on the spirit runsthrough virtually all his writings. " Philosophically considered," he states in Nature,which is generally regarded as the Bible of New England Transcendentalism, "theuniverse is composed of Nature and the Soul. " He sees the world as phenomenal, and emphasizes the need for idealism, for idealism sees the world in God. "It beholds thewhole circle of persons and things, of actions and events, of country and religion, as one vast picture which God paints on the eternity for the contemplation of the soul. " Heregards nature as the purest, and the most sanctifying moral influence on man, andadvocated a direct intuition of a spiritual and immanent God in nature. In thisconnection, Emerson' s emotional experiences are exemplary in more ways than one.Alone in the woods one day, for instance, he experienced a moment of "ecstasy" which he records thus in his Nature:2.Standing on the bare ground, my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted into infinitespace, all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.3.Now this is a moment of "conversion" when one feels completely merged with theoutside world, when one has completely sunk into nature and become one with it, and when the soul has gone beyond the physical limits of the body to share the omniscienceof the Oversoul. In a word, the soul has completely transcended the limits ofindividuality and beome part of the Oversoul. Emerson sees spirit pervadingeverywhere, not only in the soul of man, but behind nature, throughout nature. Theworld proceeds, as he observes, from the same source as the body of man. "TheUniversal Being" is in point of fact the Oversoul that he never stopped talking about for the rest of his life. Emerson' s doctrine of the Oversoul is graphically illustrated in such famous statements; "Each mind lives in the Grand mind," "There in one mind common to all individual men," and "Man is conscious of a universal soul within or behind his individual life. " In his opinion, man is made in the image of God and is just a little less than Him. This is as much as to say that the spiritual and immanent God is operative in the soul of man, and that man is divine. The divinity of man became, incidentally, a favorite subject in his lectures and essays.4.This naturally led to another, equally significant, Transcendentalist thesis, that theindividual, not the crowd, is the most important of all. If man depends upon himself, cultivates himself, and brings out the divine in himself, he can hop to become better and even perfect. This is what Emerson means by the "infinitude of the privates man. " He tried to convince people that the possibilities for man to develop and improve himself are infinite. Men should and could be self-reliant. Each man should feel the world as his, and the world exists for him alone. He should determine his own existence. Everyone should understand that he makes himself by making his world, and that he makes the world by making himself. " Know then that the world exists for you " he says. "Build therefore your own world. " "Trust thy self!" and "Make thyself!" Trust your owndiscretion and the world is yours. Thus, as Henry Nash Smith ventures to suggest,"Emerson' s message was eventually (to use a telegraphic abbreviation) self-reliance. "Emerson' s eye was on man as he could be or could become; he was in the mainoptimistic about human perfectibility. The regeneration of the individual leads to the regeneration of society. Hence his famous remark, "I ask for the individuals, not the nation. " Emerson ' s self-reliance was an expression, on a very high level, of thebuoyant spirit of his time, the hope that man can become the best person he could hope to be. Emerson ' s Transcendentalism, with its emphasis on the democraticindividualism, may have provided an ideal explanation for the conduct and activities of an expanding capitalist society. His essays such as "Power", "Wealth", and "Napoleon"(in his The Representative Men) reveal his ambivalence toward aggressiveness andself-seeking.5.To Emerson's Transcendentalist eyes, the physical world was vitalistic and evolutionary.Nature was, to him as to his Puritan forebears, emblematic of God. It mediates between man and God, and its voice leads to higher truth. " Nature is the vehicle of thought,"and " particular natural facts are symbols of particular spiritual facts. " Thus Emerson' s world was one of multiple significance; everything bears a second sense and an ulterior sense. In a word, " Nature is the symbol of spirit." That is probably why he called his first philosophical work Nature rather ihan anything else. The sensual man, Emerson feels, conforms thoughts to things, and man' s power to connect his thought with its proper symbol depends upon the simplicity and purity of his character; "The lover of nature is he who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood. " To him nature is a wholesome moral influence on man and his character. A natural implication of Emerson' s view on nature isthat the world around is symbolic. A lowing river indicates the ceaseless motion of the universe. The seasons correspond to the life span of man. The ant, the little drudge, with a small body and a mighty heart, is the sublime image of man himself.爱⼈者，⼈恒爱之；敬⼈者，⼈恒敬之；宽以济猛，猛以济宽，政是以和。
美国文学代表作家及作品
The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事---诗集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗；Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗
Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892
Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌
How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结
Part 6. American Naturalism
Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900
Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）；The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇o Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇