2.口译笔记常用符号
∵ * 表示: 由于、因为（as, because, owing to, due to, thanks to） * 中国决定不出席此次会议，请问原因是什么？（中×→⊙, ∵？）
< * 表示: 小于、少于、低于、不如、次于、逊色（smaller than, fewer than, less than, worse
than, inferior to） * 例如： * 人口少于1000万 （人< 10M）
＝ * 表示: 等于、相当于、不亚于、可与…相比、是…的对手，换言之（equal to, equal, the
← * 表示: 来自、源于、进口、收到、回到、回归（come from, originate in, import from, receive
from, come back to, return）。 例如：
* 1. 大量的移民来自英国、波兰 （ im ← Br Po） * 2. the US imports from Japan: （ US ← J ） * 3. 回到刚才所说的第三点：p.3 ← * 4. 国宝回到了中国。（ CN←宝 ） （ 宝CN ）
下划线、逗号、所有格可以代表数字
* 在数字下面划一道横线或在后面加一个逗号，代表后面有三个零。85 或 85, 等于85,000 * 在数字下面划两道横线或在后面加两个逗号，代表后面有六个零（百万）。例如85 或 85,, 等
于85,000,000 * 年代省掉前两位数字，后两位数字前加所有格’，仍表示年代，例如：2004——’04
* ∈ 表示: 属于
* 字母 v 表示: 胜利，成功
* ≡ 表示:
坚持
* @ 表示:有关* Nhomakorabea↱ 表示:
上一个台阶；将来
* ·/ 表示:
一方面
* /· 表示:
另一方面
* ·/· 表示:
关系
*? *N *Y * ++ *+ * =＞ *‖
表示: 表示: 表示: 表示: 表示: 表示: 表示:
问题，疑问 不同意 同意 更强,更好 或多或少
括号（ ）
* 表示: 包括、在…之中，在…之内、封闭、闭关自守、禁闭（in, including, within, among, inside, seclusion） √
* 表示: 正确、对、好、肯定、有名、著名、同意、支持，同意（correct, good, affirmative, certain, well known, famous, agree, support）
* 我方同意：w√；名牌产品：√品 * 你说得对：U √ * 我们充分肯定你们的方案：w √ U 方
汉语的句号。 表示: 人 * 日本人 （ J。） * 美国人——US。 * 经济学家 ——经。
其他符号
* h:主办，主持，主席，主持人 * ∧ 表示: 领导、管理（lead, manage） * ⊙ 表示: 会议、研讨会、开会、讨论、谈判（meeting, seminar, conference, discussion,
negotiation） * ∪ 表示: 协议、协定、条约、合同（agreement, accord, treaty, contract） * □ 表示: 国家（country, state, nation）
*& *∽ *∑
* // *△
表示: 表示: 表示: 表示: 表示:
和、与…一起、陪同（and, together with, accompany） 交流、交换、替代、相互（exchange, replace, mutual, each other） 总和、总数（total, the total sum, totally, in all, altogether） 停顿、停止、终止 代表（on behalf of, representing）
* > < 表示: 对立、对抗（confrontation, conflict） * 下划线表示强调，一道线表示比较，两道线表示最…。 * 例如, “big” —— “bigger” big biggest * << 表示: 波折 * ∞ 表示: 接触，交往 * ↓ 表示: 压力，影响 * ⊥ 表示: 分歧
↑ * 表示: 增长、扩大、提高、发展、升起、加强、上涨、发射、起飞、升空、提拔、晋升（grow,
expand, develop, rise, go up, strengthen, increase, improve, launch, ascend, promote）
例如： * 1. 汽车进口增长百分之二十五 （ 车←↑25% ） * 2. 扩大开放与合作 （ ↑开 & 合 ） * 3. 提高人民生活水平 （ ↑生 ） * 4. 神州五号成功发射 （ V ↑ ） * 5. 26人晋升为教授 （ 26 ↑ pro）
surpass, exceed, superior to, more and more, increasingly） 例如：
* 越来越多的家庭上因特网： （ > H →Int ） * More than 20,000 Chinese students went to the United States （ > 2万 CN学→US） * I know this much better than most people do （ I 了> 多人 ）
↗ 表示: 促进
* 要促进和平与稳定, 只有和平与稳定了，经济才能发展 （↗和，
经→）
↑↑表示: 越来越强
* 中国经济越来越强。（ 经↑↑）
＋
* 表示: 加上、另外、除此之外（plus, and, in addition to, furthermore, moreover, what’s
more）
－ * 表示: 减去、缺乏、缺少，弱，差（minus, lack, be short of） * 我们目前缺乏资金搞这个项目。 （W － $ P）
* 观点、意见、主意、论点、难点（viewpoint, opinion, idea） * 我想说几点意见 （I: 几·）
* 去年 ——·y * 前年 ——··y
* 明年 —— y· * 后年 —— y·· * 上个月 ——·m * 下个月—— m· * 昨天——·d * 前天 ——··d * 明天 ——d· * 后天 —— d··
结论是 但是
same as, comparable to, be one’s match, ） * 2004年美国军费开支是中国的38倍。 （ 04， US 军= 48CN ）
≠ * 表示: 不等于、不能与…同日而语、不是…的对手（not equal to, no match for） * 中国足球队不是韩国足球队的对手。 （ 中足 ≠ K ） * 这并不等于说我们不去联合国开会。 （ ≠ w ×→UN ⊙ ）
口译笔记常用符号及示范
→
* 表示: 出口, 输出、打入、出国、到达、前往、派遣、交给、运往、导致（export to, enter, arrive in, lead to, present to, give to, submit to, result in, send to, cause） 例如：
* 1.在大连生产，然后出口给日本 （ 大 → J ） * 2.我们每年向欧洲输出劳务。（ L → E ） * 3.中国的产品已经打入国际市场。（ 中 P → W 市） * 4.中国代表队将于四月12日抵达美国参加比赛。（中 4.12 → US 比） * 5.中国政府将派遣20名专家赴南极考察。（中 → 20专 S） * 6.此次灾害造成约50亿美元的经济损失。（灾→5b$失） * 7. Our services reach 40 countries. （服→40 口） * 8. 1997年香港回归祖国。（97’ HK →中）
∴ * 所以、因此、因而、结果（consequently, so, therefore, as a result）
⊕ * 医院，医疗卫生，医生
冒号: * 说、讲、告诉、认为、宣称、声明、抗议、譬如、比如、例如、象……（say, speak, tell, declare,
protest, such as, like, for example） 句号 ·
↓ * 表示: 向下、轰炸、跳水、下跌、减少、恶化、降职、削减、裁减（drop to, bomb, jump,
decrease, descend, go down, fall, deteriorate, reduce, cut down） 例如：
* 1. 物价升幅比2003年降低6个百分点 （ 价 比03 ↓6 p ） * 2. 欧洲去往美国的移民减少了40万 （ Eu → US ↓ 400T ） * 3. 200多名干部被降职 （ > 200干↓ ）
× * 表示: 不对、错误、坏的，不好、臭名昭著（incorrect, wrong, bad, notorious） * 不出售： （× sel） * 没有文化 （×文） * 不要向农民提供错误信息 （× →农×inf）
> * 表示: 大于、好于、超过、优于、越来越（greater than, larger than, more than, better than,
英语口译笔记常用符号总结
英语口译笔记常用符号总结记笔记：常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , a scend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation, promote, upwards）↓下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, d eteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为…（export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, s end to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）←回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc)—减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a ri -val, a competitor)等意思。
口译笔记速记符号归总汇总
口译笔记速记符号归总一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf（compare），Co（company），eg（for example），etc（and so on），esp（especially），ie（that is），max（maximum），min（minimum），ref（reference），std（standard），usu（usually），等。
二、常用速记符号速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。
在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。
口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。
因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。
in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicslib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.estg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
(完整版)口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版_方便直接背诵)
口译笔记符号大汇总一. 地名简写二. 货币简写三．时间简写四．度量衡五. 缩略词六．较长单词的处理办法七．字母、图像、符号Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form. a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm. the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form. a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm. the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible 。
英语口译笔记符号
Interested
INTST
Information
INFO
important
IMP
I owe you
IOU
In stead of
I/O
In view of
IVO
Include
IINCD
insurance
INS
Impossible
IMPS
Individual
INDIV
Minimum
MIN
Market
receive
RCV
Reference
REF
Situation
SITN
Standard
STD
Section
SEC
Though
THO
TGM
Telegraph
Thanks
TKS
Telephone
TEL
Trade
TRD
through
THRU
Temporary
TEMP
Traffic
TRF
Total
TTL
You
VS对手
many/lots of/a great deal of/a good many of/plus
+多/加之/加上/补充
more
++/+2多的比较级
most
+3多的最高级
little/few/lack/in short of/be in shortage of/minus
－少/减去/除去
about/around/or so/approximately
Advice
ADV
Approve
口译笔记符号大汇总（超全整理版_方便直接背诵）
口译笔记符号大汇总一. 地名简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Korea K Sweden SD Switzerland SW东西南北中等方位“|－”the Republic of Korea(南朝鲜)ROK“K”the DemocraticPeople’s Republic ofKorea（北朝鲜）DPRK“_K”Eastern Germany (东德)“G|”Western Europe（西欧）“|EU”二. 货币简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Sterling/pound￡US dollar$Renminbi/RMB￥Australian dollars#AAustrian schillings Sch Canadian dollars Can$ Eurodollar€New Zealand dollars NZ$ Japanese yen円三．时间简写原词速记符号原词速记符号hour hr minute’second’’morning m afternoon a evening/night/tonight ntoday d yesterday.dthe day before yesterday”d tomorrow d’the day after tomorrow d’ ’day by day/everyday ddlast night’n next morning m’this week w the week before last”wMonday1w Tuesday2wWednesday3w Thursday4wFriday5w Saturday6wSunday7w this month mJanuary1m February2mMarch3m April4mMay5m June6mJuly7m August8m September9m October10m November11m December12dmtwo month ago.2m this year ytwo year later y2.1949年前/491949年后49/1949年底4920年以后20y|century Csince/ever since┠uo to now/ until┫四．度量衡原词速记符号原词速记符号meter m inch in. centimeter cm foot ftminimeter mm knot ktmile mi acre Anautical mile nm五. 缩略词原词速记符号原词速记符号Apartment APT Accountant ACC According ACDG Accept ACPT Advertisement AD Address ADS aircraft AC at least ALAdvice ADV Approve APVas soon as possible ASAP As much/many as possible AMAPare R Amount AMT Building BLDG Balance BAL Cancel CNCL Conference CNF carbon copy cc care of c/o Conform CFM Commission CMI Complete CMP Concern/concerning/concerned CONC Condition COND Communication CMU Compete/competitive CMPE Certificate CERT Company CO.Departure DPT Discount DISC Department DEPT Extent EXT Exchange EXCH Explain EXPLN Extra large XL Final FNT Flight FLT For your reference FYR Freight FRT Guarantee GUAR Good GD Home office H.O.Interested INTST Information INFO important IMPI owe you IOU In stead of I/OIn view of IVO Include IINCD insurance INS Impossible IMPS Individual INDIV Minimum MIN Market MKT Manufacture MANUF Message MSG manager MGR Model MDL Memorandum MEMO No later than NLT Necessary NCRY Ordinary ORD Observe OBS Obtain OBT Product PROD Patent PAT Packing PKG Please PLS People PLPiece PC Position POSNPossible POSS(BL)Quantity QUTYQuality QLTY room RMRegular REGL Representative REPReservation RESN Repeat RPTResponsible RESPON receive RCVReference REF Situation SITNStandard STD Section SECThough THO TGM TelegraphThanks TKS Telephone TELTrade TRD through THRUTemporary TEMP Traffic TRFTotal TTL You UYour UR Will WLWeek WK Weight WT六．较长单词的处理办法词尾缩写原词速记符号-ism m socialism Sm-tion n standardization (标准化)stdn-cian o technician techo-ing g marketing (市场营销)MKTg-ed d accepted acptd-able/ible/ble bl available avbl-ment mt amendment amdmt-ize z recognize regz-ful fl meaningful mnfl七．字母、图像、符号原词速记符号原词速记符号people/person人ｏ右上角Janpanese日本人JPｏGovernment/govern C 政府Governmental official CZPolitics/political P 政治politician PZEfficient/effective G 效率inflation Q 通货膨胀victory,/win/success V 胜利Leader/head T 领导人agriculture/agriculture A 农业business B 商业conflict/confrontation C× 冲突/矛盾work/employ W 工作/职业industry/industrial i 工业treaty/agreement U 合同/协议bilateral（双边的）U内填入2trilateral (三边的)U内填入3 Unilateralism（单边主义）U内填入1Multiple(多边主义)U内填入m谈判破裂U上加一个“/”country/state/nation□国家/民族/领土Import进口gO outport出口Ogchair/ host/preside over Z主持/主办Chairman/host Z°主席、主持人contact, exchanges:∞联系fishery∞捕鱼业head of government/ company CTinternational/worldwide/global/universal ○国际的/世界的/全球的as we all know/ as is known to all/as you have already heard of EO 听到/众所周之meeting/conference/negotiation/seminar/discussion/symposium⊙会议/开会pleasant/joyful/happy/excitedJ 开心/高兴/荣幸/好现象unsatisfied/discomfort/angry/sadL 生气/难过/悲伤/忧虑/不满indifferent/apathetic/unconcern/ don’t care much O 漠不关心/无动于衷total/totally/entire/entirely/onthe whole/all in all/to sum up∑总值/总数go into/arrive at/give to/sendto/present to g→到达/传达lead to/result in/in thedirection of→导致/引导come/go back to/originate←追溯到be/come from/return/receivefromf←自于launch/open/start↗发射/投放市场/发行develop/strengthen/promote/boost,/improve/enhance↑发展/加强/推进up/upward/rise/increase/h↑上升ups and downs/twists and << 波折arise/ascend turns/roller coastersubmit to↓屈服exchange/mutual n交流a match /rival /competitor/counterpart/against VS对手many/lots of/a great deal of/agood many of/plus+ 多/加之/加上/补充more++/+2多的比较级most+3 多的最高级little/few/lack/in short of/be inshortage of/minus －少/减去/除去about/around/orso/approximately≈大约bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than > 大于/多于/好于/优于less/smaller< 小于/少于/差于/劣于superior to/surpass∧高inferior to∨低among/within( ) 在...之间but yet however∧转折cross out/eliminate/ 否定/消除question/issue? 问题/疑惑/难题wonder/miracle/pay attesion to！惊叹/特别注意matchless/peerless无敌say/speak/talk/marks/announce/declare : 说/认为/希望end/stop/halt/bring sth to astandstill/stop∥结束right/good/famous/well-known√对/正确/好的wrong/incorrect/somethingbad/notorious/negative× 错误/失误/坏stand up for/support/ agree withsb/certain/ affirmativeY同意not agree/disagree N不同意thought*想法/重要的/优秀的important/best/outstanding/brilliant☆重要的very/extremely__ 强调程度under the circumstance￣在…的条件/情况下means/that is to say/in otherwords/the same as/be equal to =即/等于/相当于/同等be different from≠不同/不等于/不相当/不是and/together with/along &和/与belong to∈属于with/accompany/alongwith/further morebasis of/ perpendicular/ isperpendicular to ⊥ …的基础therefore/so/as a result/consequently∴所以/结果because/because of/due to∵因为/由于/多亏hear/listen○3听说about＠关于parallel// water H2O for4to2without w/o with w/plus or minus±times x so on, etc, and so forth ···divided by÷circle, circumference○degree℃ellipse0 percent%diameterθper thousand‰triangle, delta △between|.|inside/ within/include/ among,( ) maintaining peace and stability: ◎Empty Oas always/hold on,/persist/ insist on ≡一直/总是/一贯pressure/influence⊥(竖线为向下箭头)On the other hand/or/ 或者right angle∟Representative/delegation/ delegation △ocean/sea/river/lake/brook/stream∽江河湖海水hills/mountainω山climb the mountainω上加一点·山水之间ω∕∽before/beyond/in front of·|above/on/over～上加一点·below/beneath/under～下加一点·table/desk/house/building/bed︹桌/凳/床/楼/房在椅子上︹上加一短横在桌子下︹下加一短横look/ look after/ look into/investigate/witness⊙资本主义资’四个现代化4mpeace-keeping维p第三世界3w。
口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版)
5
submit to
↓ 屈服
exchange/mutual
n 交流
a match /rival /competitor/ VS 对手
counterpart/against
many/lots of/a great deal of/a + 多/加之/加上/补
good many of/plus
充
more
PZ Q 通货膨胀 T 领导人 B 商业 W 工作/职业 U 合同/协议 U 内填入 3 U 内填入 m □ 国家/民族/领土
Import 进口 chair/ host/preside over contact, exchanges:
gO Z 主持/主办 ∞ 联系
head of government/ company CT
from
↗ 发射/投放市 develop/strengthen/promote/
场/发行
boost,/improve/enhance
↑ 发展/加强/推进
up/upward/rise/increase/ arise/ascend
h↑ 上升
ups and downs/twists and << 波折
turns/roller coaster
U
Your
UR
Will
WL
Week
WK
Weight
WT
六．较长单词的处理办法
词尾
缩写
原词
速记符号
-ism
m
-tion
n
socialism
Sm
standardization (标准化) stdn
-cian
o
-ing
英语口译 笔记符号汇总参考
口译符号一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum),ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。
一. 图形符号state, kingdom, country, nation, national, federalcity, metropolis, cosmopolis, metropolitan, urban, municipalvillage, farm, outskirt, countryside, suburban, rural areas右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、机构领导，监督; 顶点，顶级，最 lead, supervise, head, peak, top,supreme, utmost, maximum, climaxcitizen, urban residents / inhabitantsfamer, peasant, rancher, agriculturistuniversal, worldwide, international, transnational, global, transcontinental, all over the world, across boundaries多国，其他国家 other countries国民经济 national economydomestic, native, internal, interior, at homeforeign, overseas, abroad, alien, exotic, out of the country, beyond seas,in the foreign landin and out of the country, at home and abroad进口 import出口export进出口import & export飞行员pilot飞机场airport中国人Chinese people广场 square, plaze经济实体 economic entity金融机构 financial institutionboss, leader, chairman, ruler, chief, manager, president, majesty, governor,director,supervisor, monitor国家领导人，政府首脑state leader宏观调控，macro-control首都 capital city1.重要important, significant, key, critical, crucial, essential, vital, eventful,principal, core, of great importance，significance/ consequence2. 杰出 great, well-known, outstanding, remarkable, excellent, perfect,brilliant, distinguished, notable, eminent, promising, prominent, prestigious, glorious, noteworthy,3. 主要 main, chief, primary, major, dominant, overwhelming4. 精彩 wonderful, terrific, splendid, fantastic, marvelous5. 强调 emphasize, focus, underline, underscore stress, highlight, spotlight, Accentuate focus on, lay emphasis/stress on attach importance to,pay attention to/the most important1.特点，特色，特征；mark, feature, character, symbol；sign, characteristic, speciality；peculiarity, attribute2. 代表represent, symbolize, typify, stand for, on behalf of1.整体，全部，总共whole, all, total, entire, complete, overall general, universal, integral,gross, intact,on the whole, all in all2. 团结，统一，团聚united, unification, gather, get together所有国家所有人，人民群众主权和领土完整sovereignty and territorial integrity⊙会议meeting, forum, session, seminar, conference, symposium, committee,association, parliament, council峰会summit (meeting)1.关联link to, connect with, relate to, associate with2. 替replace, displace, supplant, substitute instead of, take the place of∞ 1.交流，交换exchange, interact, communicate2. 关系interaction, relation, relationship Partnership双边关系，bilateral relationship多边关系，multilateral relationship举杯，协议toast, agreement, treaty, contract Convention, revolution双边协议，bilateral agreement多边协议，multilateral agreement发展，develop, development发达的，developed发展中的，developing⊕1. 开始begin, start, initiate, open originate, launch, pioneer commence, inaugurate2. 形成，产生，出现establish, found, create, appear, emerge, occur, come out, break out,come into being / existence3. 医疗卫生Red Cross, hospital, medical care medical institution禁止、结束end, conclude, complete, cease, stop, close, terminate, expire, halt, over,pause, turn off, switch off, break up make an end of, bring to an end,bring to a conclusion道路，方法method, way, road, means, measureapproach, manner, access, route, course mode, by means of, by way of1.歪曲twist, distortion of fact2. 困难，挫折difficulty, hardship, trouble, painful, tough, frustration, setback远far away近near, close台阶，进步step by step, progress, advance make progress过去，历史in the past, history昨天yesterday上个月last month去年last year前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，long before未来，将要, in the future改变，变化change, transform果实，成果fruit, result, accomplishment achievement1.（使）消失，废除delete, exclude, dismiss, erase disappear, vanish, extinct, removeabolish, get rid of, wipe out2. 破坏，推翻，剥夺destroy, ruin, collapse, overthrow demolish, deprive,3. 抛弃abandon, desert, discard4. 倒闭，下岗bankrupt, lay off, resign, retire5. 死亡，已故的kill, murder, die, pass away, the late6. 解决，达到，实现overcome, settle, solve, address, realize, achieve, accomplish, fulfill二. 人体行为符号smile, happy, glad, pleased, excited in a good moodunhappy, sad, unsatisfied, angry, in a bad moodQ 1. 说tell, state, announce, express, claim, address, declare, argue, vow,explain, Introduce, report2. 评论comment, remark, evaluate appraise, review开罗宣言，Cairo Manifesto赞扬 speak highly of, praise批评 criticize众说纷纭，若干说法various opinions1. 听, listen to2. 开放, be open to改革开放reform and opening up爱，关心love, concern, care aboutscare, threaten: 1.看observe, view, glance, stare, notice glimpse, scan, skim, witness, gaze2.想think, consider, regard, conceive ponder, suppose, imagine, meditate speculate,contemplate3. 揭示，显示show, suggest, indicate, reveal, discover, reflect←1. 来come 2. 收到receive 3. 需要，缺少need, require, want, be short of,4. 邀请，应邀invite, on invitation愿意接受accept with pleasure1. 卖sell2. 获利make a profit1.去，到 go2.引起，导致result in, lead to1.买buy2. 投资invest↑增加；上升；完善；繁荣increase, heighten, enhance, grow, lift soar, rise, raise, elevate, ascend flourish, advance, update, improve prosperity, boost, give boost to, go up↓减少，降低，贬值decrease, decline, reduce, descend diminish, fall, drop, sink, lower relieve, weaken, lessen, deteriorate devalue, degrade, depreciate, discount go down, fall off1. 很，非常deeply, very, quite, awfully2. 深远的profound, far-reaching推动，促进，有助于promote, strengthen, encourage stimulate, facilitate, reinforce strive, push, urge, stir, force accelerate, drive, prompt, propel give impetus to, carry forward阻碍，推迟obstacle, postpone, delay, restrain withdraw, discourage, curb, hamper hinder,barrier, bar, encumber, put off stand in one’s way, hold back, draw back冲突，矛盾，分歧，争议conflict, contradiction difference, dispute↗越来越increasing, growing, more and more越来越大bigger and bigger越来越多more and more压力，影响pressure, burden, load, stress, impact, influence, effect, affect exert influence on, have effect on迄今为止so far, up to now, till now四. 标点符号…1.多numerous, countless, enormous abundant, various, mass, uncountableinnumerable, considerable, substantial a series of2.持续，继续，一直last, continue, remain, maintain persist, still, continuous everlasting, eternal,permanent, constant, frequent, always, endless, all along, keep on, go on3. 信息点的弱化4. 信息的省略and so on在某种程度上to some degree不那么重要not so important﹗1. 危险，警告，当心dangerous, hazardous, jeopardy warning, alarming, alert in danger, watch out 2. 加强语气：务必，一定，当然sure, certainly, of course老实说，说实在的to be frank, to tell you the truth﹖ 1.问题，疑问question, problem, perplexity, issue, puzzle, mystery, ask, inquiry, queryinterrogate, confused, bewildered 2.所有疑问句以“？”开头来记录﹪百分比，percent“”引用（理论，名言等）邓小平理论Dengxiaoping theories≪≫书《红楼梦》 A Dream in Red Mansions The Stroy of the Stone﹙﹚1.由…组成，包括，容纳contain, comprise, cover, include enclose, involve, embrace, be made up of, consist of 2.用于记录状语五. 数学符号∵因为，由于，幸亏because, due to, thanks to∴所以，因此，结果是so, therefore, that is why…consequently﹢和，另外，多plus, and, add, more than, besides, moreover, in addition另外五十another fifty五十多more than fifty更少fewer－减去，负增长minus÷除了except＝ 1.相同，一致 the same as 2.公平fair, equal, justice 3.比作compare…to…4.符合be consistent with be in agreement with comply with等于说，也就是说that is to say, in other words≠不赞同，不平等，有差距，不符合disagree, unfair, difference, disparity 不符合事实not comply with the fact≈大约，大概about, almost, nearly＞ 1. 大于，超过surpass, exceed, more than superior to2. 供过于求 supply exceeds demand过热 overheated＜ 1.少于，低于less than, inferior to 2. 供不应求demand exceeds supply∑总和sum∈属于belong to× 1.错的，不好的，负面的wrong, mistake, fault, bad, negative notorious 2. 否决veto 不称霸 not seek hegemony√1.对的，好的，积极的correct, good, positive, affirmative2. 支持，善于，有利于support, be good at, in the interest of3. 认可，批准endorse, ratify, confirm, approve六. 中文(一）中文字文文化，文学，文明culture, literature, civilization中中国People’s Republic of China立立场，position市市场，market力力量，能力，权力power, strength, force, ability, capability儿儿童 , children大big, huge, great, vast, giant tremendous, immense, spacious, extensive, massive, capacious（二）偏旁部首学习 study, learn家 family, home快，迅速soon, rapid, swift, speedy quick, prompt组织 organize, structure, tissue建设 build, construct措施 measure饭，食物meal, rice food餐馆，饭店restaurant疾病 illness, disease, ailment, sick病人patient军事，军队military, army, troop管理management, administration健康health(三) 拼音字母感谢 thank, appreciate称霸，霸权主义hegemony, seek hegemony贡献contributionfu腐败corruption七. 谐音﹟仅仅just, merely, only, nothing more thannot only环境environment, surroundings, setting circumstance, condition, background八化学符号Fe铁ferrum, iron铁路railway九生物♀女性 woman, female♂男性 man, male十地图标识学校教育十一英文（一）英文字母B 但是but, however, nevertheless相信believe, trust c世纪centuryd日子，今天day, todaye经济economyf金融financeg政府governmentH 1. 希望 hope 2. 小时，hourI 我I, meM 1. 月month 2. 分钟minuteM 管理managementN 多many, much, multi-P 1. 政治，政党，政权，政策politics, party, power, policy2. 部门department, section, ministry外交部the Ministry of Foreign Affairs生产，产品produce, manufacture, productR 改革reformR 1. 权利right 2. 公路road高速公路expresswayS 1. 科学science 2. 社会society 3. 自从since 社会主义socialism从那以后from then onT 时间,倍time 想，认为thinktec 技术technologyS-t 科技science and technologyHi-t 高科技high-techR&D 研发research and developmentU 你youV 胜利，成功win, success, victory, triumphW 我们wey年year（二）英文小写缩略al 虽然，尽管，即使although, though, despite in despite of, even if, even though bz 商业business, commerceco公司company, corporation, firmcom 社团communityfz 财政fiscaledu 教育educationEg 例如for example, for instanceins保险insuranceinfo信息information, messageinfra基础设施infrastructureinvi 邀请invitationnu核的nuclearnz消息newstr贸易tradetrv旅游travel, tour, journeytx税taxuz利用 use, utilize, make use ofgym体育馆gymnasiumgrad毕业生graduatesdoc医生，博士doctordemo演示demonstratexp经验，经历 experienceeff效率 effective, efficiencyasap尽快 as soon as impossiblepls请 pleaseen 能源energy（三）英文大写缩略CPC中国共产党Communist Party of ChinaSOE国有企业state-owned enterprisePC 1. 个人电脑personal computer 2. 记者招待会press conference ASP亚太地区 Asia-Pacific regionDPRK 朝鲜Democratic People’s Republic of KoreaROK 韩国Republic of KoreaLR劳动力资源 labor resourcesJC联合公报Joint CommuniqueJV合资企业Joint VentureHR 1.人权human right 2.人力资源human resourcesOK批准，认可ratify, authorize计划经济Planned EconomyPE 社会主义市场经济Socialist Market EconomySME 经济特区Special Economic ZoneSEZ 组织缩略&国家地区缩略UN 联合国United NationsUNESCO 联合国教科文组织United Nations Economic, Scientific, and Cultural Organization GATT 关贸总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and TradeWTO 世界贸易组织World Trade OrganizationAPEC 亚太经合组织the Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationOPEC 石油输出国家组织Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesEU欧盟European UnionIMF 国际货币基金组织International Monetary FundAm/US美国America, the United StatesUK 英国the United KingdomJp 日本 JapanKr 朝鲜，韩国KoreaHK 香港HongkongTW 台湾TaiwanBJ 北京 BeijingSH 上海ShanghaiSZ 深圳ShenzhenCS 长沙Changsha（四）单词Spy new（五）音标1. 行动 act, action, activity2. 计划，方案，项目program, project十二货币符号＄ 1. 美元 dollars 2. 钱 money￥ 1. 人民币 RMB 2. 利益 interest, profit￡英镑 pound十三其它符号－ 1.这，现在，现行，当前this, now, here, existing, modern current, nowadays, contemporary at present2. 基础basis, basic, foundation, fundamental3. 稳定stability现行政策本届政府和平与稳定≡保障，坚持，维护ensure, guarantee, safeguard insist on, maintenance, 千thousand1’一千one thousand十四关联词/路标词虽然…但是…因为…所以…不是…而是…不但…而且…if如果 if, provided that ifI/b 我相信I believeI/h 我希望I hopeI/t 我认为I thinkI/exp 我期待I expectI/est 我估计I estimate。
最全口译笔记符号.doc
最全口译笔记符号.doc笔记符号一．图形符号□State, kingdom, country, nation, national, federal△City, metropolis, cosmopolis, metropolitan, urban, municipal▽Village, farm, outskirt, countryside, suburban, rural areas°右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、机构^ 领导，监督；顶点，顶级，最Lead, supervise, head, peak, top, supreme, utmost, maximum, climax△°Citizen, urban residents, urban inhabitants▽°Farmer, peasant, rancher, agriculturistUniversal, worldwide, international, transnational, global,transcontinental, all over the world, across bounderies□ s 多国，其他国家 other countries□ e 国民经济 national economyDomestic, native, internal, interior, at homeForeign, overseas, abroad, alien, exotic, out of the country, beyondseas, in ther foreign landIn and out of the country, at home and abroad进口出口进出口飞°飞行员飞。
飞机场中°中国人广。
广场e°经济学家e。
经济实体 economic entityf。
口译笔记法
↑：表示“增长，扩大，提高，加强，上涨，提拔”等意义相连的意思；↓:表示“下跌，下降，减少，恶化，降职”等意思；←:表示“源于，进口，收到，回归”等意思；→:表示“出口，输出，打入，出国，到达，屈服于，导致”等意义。
数学符号“＋”: 表示“加上，另外，除此之外”；“－”:表示“减去,缺乏等”；“×”表示“不对的，错的，坏的，臭名昭著的”；“∵”表示“由于，因为”；“∴”则表示“所以，因此，结果”等。
“:”表示“问题，疑问，问等”意思；“。
”可以用来表示“观点，意见，论点，难点等”。
举例说“我想说几点”就可以用符号表示为“I：几。
”。
而且“。
”还可以用来表示不同的时间概念，如“去年”可以表示为“。
y”，而明天则为“d。
”；“()”则表示“包括；封闭；在…之内”等意思。
“√”可以表示“正确；好；有名的；同意”等；“⊙”可以代表“会议；研讨会；讨论；谈判”等与会议有关的词汇；因为符号的形状很容易让人联想到开会的桌子。
“o”可以代表“人”；如“科学家”就可以记为“So”；“∧”可以表示“领导，管理”，因此，如“领导人”就可以结合上面的符号记为“∧o”；“＃”代表讲话的结束；“﹠”表示“和谁…在一起，陪同”等意思；“△”则可以表示“代表”；“□”代表“国家”，而“﹥﹤”可以表示“对立，冲突”等意思的词汇。
UN:联合国;APEC:亚太经合组织；UNESCO:联合国教科文组织；CPC:中国共产党；CPPCC:政协；PICC:中国人民保险公司；FDI:外国直接投资；IT:信息产业实际上，从1971年到1998年，由于中国实行计划生育政策，中国减少了 3.38亿人口。
这相当于美国和加拿大两国人口的总合，也相当于整个欧盟15国人口的总和。
而且我国的人均国民生产总值上升到世界的第7位。
如果不实现计划生育，恐怕会是倒数第7位。
而印度目前有9个亿。
据专家测算，按他们目前这种人口增长率，到2050年，他们的人口就会超过我们中国。
(完整版)口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版_方便直接背诵)
口译笔记符号大汇总一. 地名简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Korea K Sweden SD Switzerland SW东西南北中等方位“|－”the Republic of Korea(南朝鲜)ROK“K”the DemocraticPeople’s Republic ofKorea（北朝鲜）DPRK“_K”Eastern Germany (东德)“G|”Western Europe（西欧）“|EU”二. 货币简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Sterling/pound￡US dollar$Renminbi/RMB￥Australian dollars#AAustrian schillings Sch Canadian dollars Can$ Eurodollar€New Zealand dollars NZ$ Japanese yen円三．时间简写原词速记符号原词速记符号hour hr minute’second’’morning m afternoon a evening/night/tonight ntoday d yesterday.dthe day before yesterday”d tomorrow d’the day after tomorrow d’ ’day by day/everyday ddlast night’n next morning m’this week w the week before last”wMonday1w Tuesday2w Wednesday3w Thursday4wFriday5w Saturday6wSunday7w this month mJanuary1m February2mMarch3m April4mMay5m June6mJuly7m August8m September9m October10m November11m December12dmtwo month ago.2m this year ytwo year later y2.1949年前/491949年后49/1949年底4920年以后20y|century Csince/ever since┠uo to now/ until┫四．度量衡原词速记符号原词速记符号meter m inch in. centimeter cm foot ftminimeter mm knot ktmile mi acre Anautical mile nm五. 缩略词原词速记符号原词速记符号Apartment APT Accountant ACC According ACDG Accept ACPT Advertisement AD Address ADS aircraft AC at least ALAdvice ADV Approve APVas soon as possible ASAP As much/many as possible AMAPare R Amount AMTBuilding BLDG Balance BAL Cancel CNCL Conference CNF carbon copy cc care of c/o Conform CFM Commission CMI Complete CMP Concern/concerning/concerned CONC Condition COND Communication CMU Compete/competitive CMPE Certificate CERT Company CO.Departure DPT Discount DISC Department DEPT Extent EXT Exchange EXCH Explain EXPLN Extra large XL Final FNT Flight FLT For your reference FYR Freight FRT Guarantee GUAR Good GD Home office H.O.Interested INTST Information INFO important IMPI owe you IOU In stead of I/OIn view of IVO Include IINCD insurance INS Impossible IMPS Individual INDIV Minimum MIN Market MKT Manufacture MANUF Message MSG manager MGR Model MDL Memorandum MEMO No later than NLT Necessary NCRY Ordinary ORD Observe OBS Obtain OBT Product PROD Patent PAT Packing PKG Please PLS People PL Piece PC Position POSNPossible POSS(BL)Quantity QUTYQuality QLTY room RMRegular REGL Representative REPReservation RESN Repeat RPTResponsible RESPON receive RCVReference REF Situation SITNStandard STD Section SECThough THO TGM TelegraphThanks TKS Telephone TELTrade TRD through THRUTemporary TEMP Traffic TRFTotal TTL You UYour UR Will WLWeek WK Weight WT六．较长单词的处理办法词尾缩写原词速记符号-ism m socialism Sm-tion n standardization (标准化)stdn-cian o technician techo-ing g marketing (市场营销)MKTg-ed d accepted acptd-able/ible/ble bl available avbl-ment mt amendment amdmt-ize z recognize regz-ful fl meaningful mnfl七．字母、图像、符号原词速记符号原词速记符号people/person人ｏ右上角Janpanese日本人JPｏGovernment/govern C 政府Governmental official CZPolitics/political P 政治politician PZEfficient/effective G 效率inflation Q 通货膨胀victory,/win/success V 胜利Leader/head T 领导人agriculture/agriculture A 农业business B 商业conflict/confrontation C× 冲突/矛盾work/employ W 工作/职业industry/industrial i 工业treaty/agreement U 合同/协议bilateral（双边的）U内填入2trilateral (三边的)U内填入3 Unilateralism（单边主义）U内填入1Multiple(多边主义)U内填入m谈判破裂U上加一个“/”country/state/nation□国家/民族/领土Import进口gO outport出口Ogchair/ host/preside over Z主持/主办Chairman/host Z°主席、主持人contact, exchanges:∞联系fishery∞捕鱼业head of government/ company CTinternational/worldwide/global/universal ○国际的/世界的/全球的as we all know/ as is known to all/as you have already heard of EO 听到/众所周之meeting/conference/negotiation/seminar/discussion/symposium⊙会议/开会pleasant/joyful/happy/excitedJ 开心/高兴/荣幸/好现象unsatisfied/discomfort/angry/sadL 生气/难过/悲伤/忧虑/不满indifferent/apathetic/unconcern/ don’t care much O 漠不关心/无动于衷total/totally/entire/entirely/onthe whole/all in all/to sum up∑总值/总数go into/arrive at/give to/sendto/present to g→到达/传达lead to/result in/in thedirection of→导致/引导come/go back to/originate←追溯到be/come from/return/receivefromf←自于launch/open/start↗发射/投放市场/发行develop/strengthen/promote/boost,/improve/enhance↑发展/加强/推进up/upward/rise/increase/arise/ascend h↑上升ups and downs/twists andturns/roller coaster<< 波折submit to↓屈服exchange/mutual n交流a match /rival /competitor/counterpart/against VS对手many/lots of/a great deal of/agood many of/plus+ 多/加之/加上/补充more++/+2多的比较级most+3 多的最高级little/few/lack/in short of/be inshortage of/minus －少/减去/除去about/around/orso/approximately≈大约bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than > 大于/多于/好于/优于less/smaller< 小于/少于/差于/劣于superior to/surpass∧高inferior to∨低among/within( ) 在...之间but yet however∧转折cross out/eliminate/ 否定/消除question/issue? 问题/疑惑/难题wonder/miracle/pay attesion to！惊叹/特别注意matchless/peerless无敌say/speak/talk/marks/announce/declare : 说/认为/希望end/stop/halt/bring sth to astandstill/stop∥结束right/good/famous/well-known√对/正确/好的wrong/incorrect/somethingbad/notorious/negative× 错误/失误/坏stand up for/support/ agree withsb/certain/ affirmativeY同意not agree/disagree N不同意thought*想法/重要的/优秀的important/best/outstanding/brilliant☆重要的very/extremely__ 强调程度under the circumstance￣在…的条件/情况下means/that is to say/in otherwords/the same as/be equal to =即/等于/相当于/同等be different from≠不同/不等于/不相当/不是and/together with/alongwith/accompany/along&和/与belong to∈属于with/further morebasis of/ perpendicular/ isperpendicular to ⊥ …的基础therefore/so/as a result/consequently∴所以/结果because/because of/due to∵因为/由于/多亏hear/listen○3听说about＠关于parallel// water H2O for4to2without w/o with w/plus or minus±times x so on, etc, and so forth ···divided by÷circle, circumference○degree℃ellipse0 percent%diameterθper thousand‰triangle, delta △between|.|inside/ within/include/ among,( ) maintaining peace and stability: ◎Empty Oas always/hold on,/persist/ insist on ≡一直/总是/一贯pressure/influence⊥(竖线为向下箭头)On the other hand/or/ 或者right angle∟Representative/delegation/ delegation △ocean/sea/river/lake/brook/stream∽江河湖海水hills/mountainω山climb the mountainω上加一点·山水之间ω∕∽before/beyond/in front of·|above/on/over～上加一点·below/beneath/under～下加一点·table/desk/house/building/bed︹桌/凳/床/楼/房在椅子上︹上加一短横在桌子下︹下加一短横look/ look after/ look into/investigate/witness⊙资本主义资’四个现代化4mpeace-keeping维p第三世界3w二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。