社会调查理论与方法期末考试复习题及参考答案-专升本
《社会调查理论与方法》复习题
一、名词解释
1、社会研究
2、探索性研究
3、操作化
4、效度
5、实地研究
6、自变量与因变量
7、研究设计
8、测量
9、信度
10、PPS抽样
二、简答题
1、请简述抽样的一般程序及一般原则。
2、请简述调查研究的优缺点。
3、请简述问卷设计中问题排列顺序原则。
4、请简述实验研究的优缺点。
5、请简述实地研究的特点及应用。
6、社会研究的基本特征有哪些？
7、选题的来源及标准是什么？
8、社会研究的目的有哪三个层次？
9、指数与量表的区别是什么？
10、概率抽样与非概率抽样的概念是什么？
三、论述
1、请简述自填式问卷的优缺点
2、论述社会现象的测量层次
四、研究设计
1、全国12城市“青年发展状况”课题组计划针对青少年的生活与成长进行调查，采用问卷调查的方式，请您设计问卷的封面信及指导语。
2、请对“父母投资”进行操作化。
教育心理学(专升本)试卷A及答案
教育心理学(专升本)试卷A及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 教育心理学作为一门科学，其研究对象是：A. 教育过程中的心理现象B. 教育者的心理特点C. 学生的心理特点D. 教育教学中的心理规律2. 以下哪项不是教育心理学的研究内容？A. 学习理论B. 教学理论C. 教师心理D. 社会心理学3. 教育心理学的研究方法不包括：A. 实验法B. 调查法C. 观察法D. 心理测量法4. 以下哪位心理学家被公认为教育心理学的奠基人？A. 艾宾浩斯B. 费斯汀格C. 赫尔巴特D. 桑代克5. 学习理论中，强调学习过程中个体主动性和积极性的理论是：A. 行为主义学习理论B. 认知主义学习理论C. 人本主义学习理论D. 社会学习理论6. 教学过程中，教师根据学生的实际情况调整教学内容和方法的策略是：A. 直觉教学B. 转换教学C. 因材施教D. 被动接受7. 教师在教学过程中，注重培养学生的思维能力和创造力，这种教学方式属于：A. 传授式教学B. 启发式教学C. 训练式教学D. 体验式教学8. 以下哪种现象不属于心理发展的连续性？A. 儿童的身高增长B. 学生的知识积累C. 个体认知能力的提高D. 人的生理成熟9. 教师在教学过程中，关注学生的情感体验和个性差异，这种教学方式称为：A. 个性化教学B. 情感教学C. 因材施教D. 全面教学10. 以下哪种教学方法强调学生通过观察、操作、体验等方式学习？A. 讲授法B. 讨论法C. 案例分析法D. 探究法二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 教育心理学的研究方法包括：A. 实验法B. 调查法C. 观察法D. 心理测量法E. 访谈法2. 学习理论的主要流派有：A. 行为主义学习理论B. 认知主义学习理论C. 人本主义学习理论D. 社会学习理论E. 生物进化学习理论3. 教师在教学过程中，应关注学生的：A. 认知发展B. 情感体验C. 个性差异D. 社会交往E. 生理需求4. 教育心理学的研究内容主要包括：A. 学习理论B. 教学理论C. 教师心理D. 学生心理E. 心理测量5. 教学过程中，教师应遵循的原则有：A. 因材施教B. 启发式教学C. 情感教学D. 全面教学E. 质量原则三、判断题（每题2分，共10分）1. 教育心理学的研究对象仅限于学校教育过程中的心理现象。
土壤肥料学期末考试复习题及参考答案-专升本
《土壤肥料学》复习题一、填空题1、常见的施肥方法包括：撒施、条施、等；给果树补充微量元素肥料常用的方法有、放射沟施肥等。
2、作物吸收的氮素形态主要是和。
3、不同矿质养分在植物体内的移动性差异很大，导致其再利用程度存在显著差异。
其中钙是典型的元素（难移动或易移动），再利用程度较（高或低）。
4、植物必需营养元素的三条标准：必要性、、。
5、土壤中养分迁移的方式主要有截获、、。
6、土壤孔隙类型中，砂土中孔隙较多，粘土中孔隙较多。
7、土壤导热性最好的措施为调节土壤中的含量；在相同含水状态下，砂土与粘土相比其昼夜温差（大或小）。
8、农业土壤最理想土壤结构体为，中性土壤的pH值为。
9、在我国北方地区，花岗岩母质形成的土壤酸碱度为，石灰岩母质形成的土壤酸碱度为。
10、土壤水分含量测定的经典标准方法是，土壤pH测定方法有等。
11、根部对无机养分的吸收包括离子、两个过程。
12、土壤养分向根表面迁移的方式有截获、和 3种途径。
13、有机物质的C/N值为小于等于时，比较容易被分解。
14 、土壤中钾的存在形态可分为、和速效性钾三种15、作物吸收的氮素形态主要是和。
16、土壤有机质的分解和转化有两个过程：和。
17、土壤孔隙据大小和水分的有效性，分为三级、和无效空隙。
18、在土壤中存在三种类型的水分运动：、水汽移动。
19、土面蒸发过程区分为三个阶段：、、水汽扩散阶段。
20、与矛盾的统一是自然土壤形成的基本规律。
二、选择题1、石灰性土壤上发生缺磷现象时，采用哪种方法解决较好（）A. 增加磷肥用量B. 施用生理碱性肥料C. 施用中性肥料D. 配合施用有机肥料2、下列哪组肥料的混合是最不合理的（）。
A. 硫铵—过磷酸钙B. 硝酸铵—新鲜厩肥C. 氯化钾—硝酸铵D. 磷矿粉—硫酸钾3、小麦后期追施氮肥往往可提高籽粒中粗蛋白质含量，籽粒品质（）A. 却不一定提高B. 却不受影响C. 提高D. 反而降低4、作物生长停滞，老叶呈现紫红色，此时植物可能缺乏（）A. 铁B. 硼C. 磷D. 锌5、作物苗期钾营养不足，主要是因为土壤中（）含量少而引起的。
农业信息技术期末考试复习题及参考答案-专升本
《农业信息技术》复习题一、填空题1.按照信息的产生和作用机制分，农业信息可分为____________和______________。
2.模拟模型具有其他研究手段不可替代的功能：______________、______________、______________。
3.作物模拟模型最重要的技术基础是: ______________、系统分析方法和计算机编程技术。
4.______________是指描述非逆境下种或品种基本遗传性状的一组特征值。
5.系数互作的主要计算方法有______________和______________。
6.______________是指一定时期内高于基点温度的每日平均温度与发育基点温度差值的累积值，其单位为℃d。
二、判断题1．农业模拟模型技术的实质是将统计学的方法应用于农业，其核心是统计分析。
（）2．地理信息系统是农业信息技术的核心，任何一项信息技术在农业中的应用均需地理信息系统的支持。
（）3．农业专家系统是对农业生产过程的量化表达，最终的表现形式是软件，主要功能是理解、预测和调控。
（）4．农业模拟研究的一般规则是，对于一个机理性和经验性兼顾的农业模拟模型而言，模拟的层次应低于研究目标的三个级别。
（）5．虚拟植物的关键技术是虚拟现实技术，同时以植物的形态结构为研究重点。
（）6．精确农业中所应用的关键技术中，VR技术主要用于数据的采集。
（）7．农业专家系统的核心是农业知识，其主要功能是为农业生产管理提供相关决策，里面包含的知识均是相关领域专家的知识。
（）8．“3S”技术主要是指GPS、GIS、MS。
（）9．物联网的核心技术是传感技术，基于此，农业物联网的体系架构都是相似的。
（）10．精确农业是基于节本高效的思想提出的，其应用模式和方法都是一样的，因此其在不同地区的实施方案是相同的。
（）11．农业模拟模型技术的实质是将统计学的方法应用于农业，其核心是统计分析。
（）12．地理信息系统是农业信息技术的核心，任何一项信息技术在农业中的应用均需地理信息系统的支持。
2024年湖南省专升本考试教育理论模拟试题含解析
2024年湖南省专升本考试教育理论模拟试题一、选择题1、采用一种专门的测量工具，在较短的时间内，对被试的某些或某方面的心理品质做出测定、鉴别和分析的方法，在心理学研究中属于______A．观察法B．实验法C．心理测验法D．调查法2、在影响人身心发展的诸因素中，起主导作用的是（）（A）遗传（B）环境（C）教育（D）主观能动性3、看到天上的白云，根据它的变化，人们不由自主地把它想象为一群羊、一堆棉花……这种想象属于______A．无意想象B．有意想象C．再造想象D．幻想4、某个年龄组智力测验的平均分数是85，标准差是10，学生A得了95分，他的离差智商是______A．100B．130C．125D．1155、倡导学校教育以教师、教材、课堂为中心的“三中心”论，开创了传统教育流派的教育家是【】(A)夸美纽斯(B)斯宾塞(C)赫尔巴特(D)杜威6、下列属于心智技能的是______A．驾驶汽车B．跳广场舞C．打乒乓球D．解答数学应用题7、苏霍姆林斯基认为：“没有一条富有诗意的、感情的和审美的清泉，就不可能有学生的全面发展。
”这句话反映了______A．德智的重要性B．智育的重要性C．体育的重要性D．美育的重要性8、人耳最敏感的声音频率范围是______A．16-20000HzB．50-5000HzC．300-5000HzD．1000-4000Hz教育学部分9、课程的具体表现形式除课程计划外，还包括【】(A)课程设计和课程标准(B)课程设计和课程评价(C)课程标准和教材(D)课程评价和教材10、陈老师在教学中经常通过口头提问、课堂作业和书面测验等形式对学生的知识和能力进行及时测评与反馈。
这种教学评价被称为______A．诊断性评价B．相对性评价C．终结性评价D．形成性评价11、在做河内塔游戏时，采取拓宽视野的方式，整体考虑多种假设，并兼顾到解决问题的多种可能。
这种风格称为______A．同时型B．冲动型C．继时型D．沉思型12、简述“授之以鱼”不如“授之以渔”的教育学意义。
水工建筑物期末考试复习题及参考答案-专升本
《水工建筑物》复习题一、填空题1、水工建筑物按其在工程中使用时间可分为水工建筑物和水工建筑物两类。
2、重力坝主要是依靠产生的来满足坝体稳定要求的。
3、混凝土重力坝分的缝按其作用可分为、及。
4、混凝土重力坝按照施工方式可分为混凝土重力坝和混凝土重力坝两类。
5、砼重力坝对砼材料的要求有强度、、、、和低热性等。
6、拱坝的消能方式主要有、和三种。
7、消力池的常见形式有、和综合式三种。
8、我国的土石坝的设计规范规定，土石坝的稳定分析以（或简单条分法）为主要方法。
9、土石坝坝体排水形式有、、及等。
10、溢洪道按位置的不同可分为溢洪道和溢洪道。
11、非常溢洪道的型式有开敞式非常溢洪道和非常溢洪道、非常溢洪道、非常溢洪道。
12、水闸按闸室的结构型式可分为水闸及水闸。
13、水利水电枢纽工程按其、和在国民经济中的分为等，其中的水工建筑物按其及其在工程中的划分为级。
14、重力坝的基本剖面是指在、和三项荷载的作用下，满足稳定和强度要求，并使工程量最小的剖面。
15、重力坝的正常使用极限状态是指在坝体的处不出现拉应力。
16、拱坝的消能方式主要有、和三种。
17、土石坝的和稳定是大坝安全的基本保证。
18、我国的土石坝的设计规范规定，土石坝的稳定分析以（或简单条分法）为主要方法。
19、土石坝渗透变形的型式有、、及。
20、正槽溢洪道由五部分组成，其中、和是溢洪道的主体部分。
21、水闸的闸孔设计中常见的堰型有：和两种。
22、水工隧洞中的闸门按其工作性质分为、和。
二、选择题1、建筑物对外界作用的响应称为（）。
A.应变B.反力C.作用效应D.被动力2、反滤层中各层滤料的粒径顺渗流方向布置应（）。
A.由粗到细B. 均一粒径C.由细到粗D.由粗到细再到粗3、检修闸门的工作条件应是（）。
A.动水启闭B.静水启闭C.动闭静启D.动水关闭4、重力坝坝身泄水孔按泄水孔所处高程可分为（）。
A.有压和无压B.中孔和底孔C.单层和多层D.中间和两侧5、重力坝的贯穿性裂缝中（）会损坏坝的整体性。
大学英语2期末考试复习题及参考答案-专升本
大学英语2期末考试复习题及参考答案-专升本《大学英语2》复习题Part I. Vocabulary and Structure1. I am considering ________ my job as I’m not getting on well with myboss.A. changingB. to changeC. changedD. to be changed2. Don’t forget ________ the window before leaving the room.A. to closeB. to have closedC. having closedD. closing3. You had better _________ a doctor as soon as possible.A. seenB. sawC. seeingD. see4. It is because she is very devoted to her students _________ she isrespected by them.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that5. I gave John a present but he gave me nothing ________ .A. in turnB. in returnC. inadvance D. in vain6. Three people, ________, were injured in the accident.A. included a child B . includea childC. including a childD. includesa child7. We use plastics _________ wood and metal now.A. in place ofB. totake ofC. take the place ofD. to takeplace8. Her suggestion that everybody _________ was not appreciated.A. singing a songB. sang a songC. sung a songD. sing a song9. ________the last one, I answered all the questions.A. ExceptB. BesidesC. Except forD. In addition to10. Not always ________ they want to.A. people can do whatB. can people do whatC. People cannot do whatD. can’t people do what11. In fact he had done_______ he could do to help the poor.A. whatB. whichC. asD. all which12. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ________ there.A. wereB. had beenC. would beD. will be13. I will never forget the ten years ________ we both spent in the little village.A. whenB. during whichC. in whichD. which14. Sorry, I don’t know he is a friend of _________.A. your brother’sB. your brothersC. your brother’s friendD. your brother15. Had the weather been good, the children ________out fora walk.A. had goneB. would goC. could have goneD. went16. I believe he _________ an accident, otherwise he wouldhave arrived on time.A. would have hadB. could have hadC. must have hadD. should have had17. The young man promised to his parents, “I would never_________again.”A. let you outB. let you downC. let you inD.let you by18. History is the story of _____ happened to the people before today.A. whicheverB. whomeverC. whateverD. wherever19. Of those _____ had applied for the jobs, only two were accepted.A. personsB. thatC. whoD. which20. ______ I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannotbe solved.A. WhenB. AsC. WhileD. Since21 . We have decided to call _____ Mr. Black sometime next week at hishome.A. onB. atC. uD. for22. His failure to pay the debts _______ the suspicion that he was notto be trusted.A. concernsB. confessesC. confusesD. confirms23. We were deeply impressed by her important _______ to the success ofthe project.A. workB. determinationC. improvementD. contribution24. I'd like to take ________of this opportunity to thank you for yourco-operation.A. advantageB. occasionC. benefitD. profit25. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people______ harmthem.A. fewer thanB. other thanC. rather thanD. better than26. Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to ______ any furtherresponsibilities.A. take onB. get onC. put upD. look up27. I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I_____ sobusy then.A. amB. wereC. wasD. would be28. It is very important for the strong man to know that _______ stronghe is, he cannot be the strongest.A. whateverB. wheneverC. whicheverD. however29. The fact _______ he does so in so short a period of time challengesexplanation.A. whyB. thatC. whatD. which30. The new English dictionary I bought yesterday ________ me almosttwenty yuan.A. spentB. paidC. costD. took31. “Good—bye, Miss liu. I’m ve ry pleased _________A. to meet youB. having met youC. meeting youD. to have met you32. They discussed the problem three or four times, but could come tono_______.A. endB. conclusionC. resultD. judgment33. She is very careful. She______very few mistakes in her work.A. doesB. takesC. makesD. gets34. I'd like to_______a special table for the coming Valentine'sDay.A. preserveB. deserveC. conserveD. reserve35. Would the news _____he failed to pass the exam bother you?A. whichB. thatC. of whichD. on which36. __________ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.A. WhatB. ThatC. WhichD. As37. Mr. Smith, together with his wife and children, _______ going to the party this weekend.A. amB. isC. areD. will38. Henry is often seen __________ English aloud every morning in the classroom.A. readB. readsC. readingD. to read39. Only recently __________ to deal with the environmentalproblems.A. something has doneB. has something doneC. has something been doneD. something has been done40. The question __________ at the meeting tomorrow is very important.A. to discussB. being discussedC. to be discussedD. will be discussed41. The mother didn't know __________ to blame for the broken glass asit happened while she was out.A. whoB. whenC. howD. what42. By the time you arrive this evening, __________ for two hours.A. I will studyB. I will have been studiedC. I had studiedD. I will have been studying43. Let's finish our homework in a few seconds; it's time we __________.A. played footballB. will play footballC. play footballD. are playing football44. __________ at Harvard, he began again to write his essay.A. Busy was as heB. Busy as was heC. Busy as he wasD. As was he busy45. Pierre often makes himself __________ by gesturing with his hands.A. to understandB. understandingC. to be understoodD. understood46. The idea sounds very good but will it work in __________?A. practiceB. placeC. advanceD. company47. We had to wait a long time to get our passports, __________?A. won't weB. don't weC. didn't weD. shouldn't you48. It's vital that enough money __________ collected to get the project started.A. isB. beC. must beD. can be49. We consider __________the instrument be adjusted each time it is used.A. that it necessaryB. it necessary thatC. necessary thatD. necessary of it that50. It is from my grandparents ______ I learned a lot.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which51. Do you think T ommy is ________ the truth?A. sayingB. speakingC. tellingD. talking52. It is so hot. You should put the food into the refrigerator now. otherwise, it will ______ soon.A. harmB. hurtC. spoilD. damage53. Peter, whom everyone suspected, _______ to be innocent.A. turned outB. turned offC. turned upD. turned over54. Isn’t that _______ they call peace and friendship?A. whichB. thisC. whatD. where55. All the arrangements should have been completed prior __________- our departure.A. inB. toC. byD. before56. I must tell you how _______ a letter from you.A. pleased I was to receiveB. pleased I was to receivingC. was I pleased to receiveD. pleased I was receiving57. I have to _________ my visit as I’ll be very busy next month.A. call forB. call offC. call onD. call in58. No sooner had she entered the house _______ the telephone rang.A. whenB. thanC. asD. while59.You may write to me or come to see me. ____________ way will doA.AllB. BothC. OneD. Either60. Some pop singers have much influence ________ theyoung people.A. toB. forC. ontoD. onPart II ClozeMy 23-year-old son Dan stood in the doorway, ready to say goodbye to his home. In a couple of hours he was going to fly out to France. He was going to be away for at least a year to learn a foreign language and 61 life in a foreign country.It was a milestone in Dan’s life, a change from school days to62 .When we were to say goodbye,I 63 closely at his face. I would like to provide him with good64that would last longer than here andnow.But not a sound came over my lips. I 65 motionless and silent, looking 66 my son’s green eyes.I knew that this wasn’t the first time I 67 such an opportunity pass me by. When Daniel was a little boy, I followed him to the bus on the first day in preschool. I 68 the excitement in his hand that heldmine when the bus came round the corner. He looked at me—just 69 hedid now. And then he boarded the bus and 70 . The bus drove away. AndI hadn’t 71 a word.Some ten years later, a similar episode 72 . His mother and I drovehim to the university where he was going to 73 .The next morning Danbegan to throw up (呕吐). He was ill in bed when I wanted to say goodbye.74 the words let me down. I only murmured（嘟哝）something like “Ihope you are 75 , Dan.” Then I turned around and left.Now I stood in front of him and recalled all the 76 when I hadn’tmade use of those opportunities. Why does it have to be so 77 to tellyour son how you feel? My mouth was 78 , and I knew I would only saya few words.“Dan,”I 79 stammered out（结结巴巴地说）, “if I had the choicemyself, I would 80 you.”That was all I could say. It was nothing, and yet it was everything.61. A. lead B. experience C. enjoyD. live62. A. college life B. childhood C. adulthoodD. freedom63. A. looked B. fixed C. glaredD. glanced64. A. gift B. support C. skillD. advice65. A. said B. stood C. satD. wondered66. A. up B. for C. atD. into67. A. made B. kept C. letD. noticed68. A. felt B. knew C. foundD. realized69. A. when B. like C. sinceD. once70. A. rode B. ran C. droveD. disappeared71. A. heard B. said C. gaveD. left72. A. took place B. took on C. turned outD. turned up73. A. play B. visit C. studyD. search74. A. Luckily B. Once C. AgainD. Therefore75. A. worse B. happier C. greaterD. better76. A. times B. places C. daysD. chances77. A. eager B. important C. difficultD. lovely78. A. wet B. dry C. anxiousD. tight79. A. directly B. finally C. kindlyD. nervously80. A. love B. praise C. supportD. chooseTwo friends visited the zoo together. The zoo was very largeand itwas 81 to go everywhere. They had to decide where to go and whichanimals to visit as their time was 82 . So both of them agreed not to83 after choosing a 84 at every fork(岔路口).A road sign at the first fork 85 one way to the lion area and theother to the tiger hill. They decided on the former after a 86 discussion because lions were “the king of the grassland”. The secondshowed a division going separately to the panda and peacock. They 87panda as it was the nation’s treasure and went its way. 88 they madechoices all along the way and each choice meant 89 what they couldn’thelp regretting. But they had to make it, and 90 , for it brooked(容忍)no delay. If they hesitated(犹豫不决) they would miss 91 . Only92 decision could offer more chances for sightseeing and 93possible regret.Life is 94 like this- choices often occur that one has to make, for example, between two 95 jobs, two fascinating wooers(追求者).To get one you 96 give up the other-you can get half of it. If you97 weighing the pros and cons and calculating gains and losses, you willmost likely 98 empty-handedness. Don’t be sad about it. 99 youhave got half of the desirable things in life-something that is 100to come by.81.A.easy B. difficult C.impossible D. possible82.A.enough B. limited C. tightD. plentiful83.A.return B. continue C. goD. stop84.A.sign B. branch C. crossingD. highway85.A.showed B. pointed C. intendedD. made86.A.brief B. long C. noD. heated87.A.hoped B. wanted C. favoredD. got88.A.Happily B. Thus C. ThenD. Finally89.A.winning B. taking C. picking upD. giving up90.A.slowly B. immediately C. timelyD. easily91.A.less B. more C. mostD. least92.A.high B. slow C. shortD. rapid93.A.increase B. cause C. reduceD. raise94.A.just exactly B. more or less C. hardlyD. most95.A.unwanted B. different C. badD. desirable96.A.ought to B. may C. mustD. have to97.A.spend time B. kill time C. have a hardtime D. hope for98.A.start with B. get up C. succeed inD. end up in99.A.By no means B. Not in the least C. At mostD. At least100.A.stupid B. delighted C. hardD. supportedPart III Reading ComprehensionPassage 1The 16th century, known as the "Age of Genius", was a complicated (复杂) and difficult time to live. Many countries fought for the power and riches of the newly discovered Americas. Men introduced new ideas which demanded great changes in older ideas. Despite these problems and possibly because of them, wonderful things were done by the greatest of men.It is indeed difficult to know why in some periods you find many men of genius while in others you may find few. The "Age of Genius", however, produced some of the greatest thinkers, painters, authors, and scientists.In Italy during the High Renaissance (文艺复兴), a period of the "Age of Genius", three famous painters started their work.They were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael.Leonardo da Vinci is famous not only for his beautiful paintings but also for his talent in the sciences. One of his best - known painting is the "Mona Lisa." Michelangelo was also a man of many talents. He was an artist; he wrote poems; he drew plans for buildings; and he worked with other forms of art. His best- known work is the painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome (罗马西斯教堂).Raphael was known for his painting. He made well-balanced pictures out of many different actions.101. Another name for the 16th century is the ________.A. Classical AgeB. Middle AgesC. "Age of Genius"D. Age of Renaissance102. To know why in some periods you find many intelligent men and fewin other is __________.A. an easy thing to doB. a very difficult thing to doC. not importantD. unnecessary103. Which of the following statements is implied in the first paragraph of the passage?A. Geniuses are born talented.B. Geniuses are often produced in the same age.C. Fighting for the riches of the newly - discovered Americas produced geniuses.D. A period during which new ideas were replacing older ideas might produce geniuses.104. _________ is famous for his paintings and for his talent in science.A. RaphaelB. Leonardo da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Mona Lisa105. Michelangelo is known for __________.A. his Mona LisaB. his paintings in Sistine ChapelC. his well-balanced picturesD. his contributions to scienceSometime in the next century, the familiar early-newspaper on the front porch(门廊)will disappear. And instead of reading your newspaper, it will read to you. You’ll get up and turn on the computer newspaper just like switching on the TV. An electronic voice will distribute stories about the latest events, guided by a program that selects the type of news you want. You’ll even get to choose the kind of voice you want to hear. Wantmore information on the brief story? A simple touch makes the entire text appear. Save it in your own personal computer if you like. These are among the predictions(预言)from communication experts working on the newspapers of the future. Pictured as part of broader home based media and entertainment systems, computer newspapers would unite print and broadcast reporting, offering news and analysis with video images of news events.Most of the technology is available(可用的)now, but convincing(说服)more people that they don’t need paper to read a newspaper is the next step. But resistance to computernewspaper may be stronger from within journalism. Since it is such a cultural change, it may be that the present generation of journalists and publishers will have to die off before the next generation realize that the newspaper industry is no longer a newspaper industry. Technology is making the end of traditional newspapers unavoidable.Despite technological advances, it could take decades to replace newsprint with computer screens. It might take 30 to 40 years to complete the changeover because people need to buy computers and because newspapers have established financial(财经的)interests in the paper industry. 106. The best title for this passage is_______.A. Computer Newspapers are Well LikedB. Newspapers of the Future Will Likely Be on ComputerC. Newspapers Are out of FashionD. New Communications Technology107. It might take 30 to 40 years for computer newspapers to replace traditional newspapers, because__ .A. it is technologically impossible nowB. computer newspapers are too expensiveC. there is strong resistance from both the general population andprofessional journalistsD. traditional newspapers are easy to read108. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computer newspapers?A. They are cheaper than traditional newspapersB. They are very convenient to useC. You can get more information from them quicklyD. You can easily save information for future use109. Journalists are not eager to accept computer newspapers, because_______.A. they don’t know how to use computersB. they think computer newspapers take too much time to readC. they think the new technology is badD. they have been trained to write for traditional newspapers110. We can infer from the passage that_______.A. all technological changes are goodB. all technologies will eventually replace old onesC. new technologies will eventually replace old onesD. traditional newspapers are here to stay for another century Passage2Do parents owe their children anything? Yes, they owe them a great deal.One of their chief duties is to give their children a sense of personal worth, for self-esteem(自尊心) is the basis of a good mental health. A youngster who is often made to feel stupid, often compared to brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins, will not feel confident and became so afraid of failing, that he or she won’t try at all. Of course, they should be corrected when they do wrong; this is the way children learn. But the criticism should be balanced with praises.Parents owe their children firm guidance and consistent discipline.It is frightening for a youngster to feel that he is in charge of himself; it’s like being in a car without brakes（刹车）. The parent who says “No”when other parents say “Yes”sen ds a double message. He is also saying : “I love you, and I’m ready to risk your anger, because I don’t want you to get into trouble.”Parents owe their children a comfortable feeling about their body, and enough information about sex to balance the wrong information that they will surely receive from their friends.Parents owe their children privacy（隐私权）and respect for their personal things. This means not borrowing things without being permitted, not reading diaries and mail, not looking through pockets. If a mother feels that she must read her daughter’s diary to know what is going on, the communication between them must be pretty bad.Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others; it means respecting elders, teachers, and the law. The best way to teach such values is by example. A child who is lied to will lie.A child who sees his parents steal tools from the factory or towels（毛巾） from a hotel will think that it is all right to steal. A youngster who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have a difficult time laughing and loving.No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world, you owe the child something. And if you give him hi s due, he’ll have something of value to pass along to your grandchildren.111.According to the passage, parents owe their children the following things except______.A. carsB. privacyC. respect of selfD. information about their body112. The writer thinks that teenagers are frightened when they are incharge of themselves because_________.A.they don’t know how to stop a car without brakesB.there is no one to guide and discipline themC.they are afraid of being left aloneD.there is no one to ask for help when in trouble.113.Which of the following ways is advised for parents to show love to their children?A. Saying “Yes” to everything the children ask forB. Never embracing older childrenC. Refusing something to the childrenD. Never criticizing children.114.The word “due” in the last paragraph means_________.A. something one should do or finish before a fixed timeB. reasonable explanations or plansC. what must be given to someone because it is right or wrongD. the money to be paid115.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Parents prefer to let their children be in charge of their own livesat an early age.B. Children learn much by seeing what their parents do.C. Children shouldn’t be corrected because it destroys theirself-esteem.D. It is better to compare a youngster to his bright brothers becauseit makes him try harder.Stage plays, at first, seem a lot like films. Both use actors and dialogue and scenery. But if you try to make a film by setting up a camera in fro nt of the stage, you will find it won’t work. A film made in this way will leave the audience cold. And even worseyou’ll be wasting a powerful tool —the camera.A stage is actually a box. One side of the box has been removed so the audience can see what’s going on inside. The actors remain at a fixed audience. In the film, however, the camera can bring the audience up close and fix their attention on small but important things: a frightened look, a whisper, a trembling of hands.The camera offers the film maker freedom allowing him to move easily across barriers(界限) of time and space. He can show his action in real cities and on real farms. He can also use the camera to change the scene dozens of times in one film. No expert of the stage can do this. 116. The main idea of the text is that ________ .A. stage plays and films are two different kinds of artB. it is always disappointing to turn play into filmsC. films have certain advantages(长处) over stage playsD. the camera has made film making easy and possible117. What is wrong with making a film by setting up a camera before the stage?A. Fewer and fewer people will go to the theatre.B. The audience cannot see what is going on the stage.C. The scene cannot be changed from time to time.D. The powerful camera cannot be made good use of.118. Which of the following can show that the camera is a powerful tool?A. It can move easily.B. It can make small things look larger.C. It can show things in the future.D. It can give us a scene of realism.119. In what way are plays different from film?A. Films often use real scenery while plays don’t.B. Films can show the past whi le plays can’t.C. Films change scenes while plays don’t.D. Film audience can move while play audience can’t.120. A suitable title for this text is _______.A. Stage Plays and FilmB. The Powerful CameraC. Fewer Plays, More FilmsD. Less Waste, More FreedomPassage3If an American is satisfied with you, he will put his thumb and forefinger into a circle. That means OK. But in Brazil, the very sign is considered to be rude. In Poland, a guest usually presents flowers to his hostess. The number must be an odd(奇数) one. B esides, the hostess isn’t expected to remove the cover of the bunch of flowers. And usually, red rose is a sign of love.Usually we nod to express our agreement and shake our heads to show disapproval. To our surprise these body movements mean the opposite in Bulgaria(保加利亚).The differences in customs and cultures in the world are really noticeable. We should learn more about them to avoid them and to avoid embarrassment(窘迫). Then, would you please remember: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.121. In Poland, if a man gives some odd red roses to woman as a present, it means that he _____.A. will invite her to a dinner partyB. has not been in love withherC. will invite her to a ballD. has fallen in love withher122. If a Brazilian puts his thumb and index(食指) into a circle, it shows that he _____ you.A. will be friends withB. is not satisfied withC. is willing to helpD. is satisfied with。
森林培育学期末考试复习题及参考答案-专升本
《森林培育学》复习题一、填空题1、人工林结构包括、。
2、苗木栽植方法可分为：、带土苗栽植、。
3、林地除草方法包括人工除草、、、和火烧除草。
4、透光抚育的主要方法有：、、。
5.混交图式内容包括：造林地立地条件、、混交类型、、混交比例、株行距六个方面。
6.林生长发育阶段：幼苗期、、、、、、七个阶段。
7.造林分、。
二、选择题1. 下列不属于伴生树种的作用的是：（）A、辅佐作用；B、改土作用；C、化感作用；D、护土作用2. 下列不属于造林方法的是：（）A、植苗造林；B、更新造林；C、播种造林； D分殖造林3.块状整地主要适用于：（）A 、缓坡地； B、无风蚀平原； C、山区、平原； D、林中空地4.对杂木林，灌木杂草丛等的荒山、荒地及已恢复的老采伐地进行清理，应采用的方法是：（）A、堆积清理；B、割除清理；C、火烧清理；D、化学清理5. 在造林整地中化学清理的优点是：（）A、提高地温，增加灰分，消除病虫害。
清除彻底省工；B、省工、彻底、安全；C、防止水土疏失；D、可以由抽生新条形成混交林或次生林6.播种造林又称：（）A、飞播；B、条播；C、撒播；D、直播造林7. 将具一定年龄的苗木栽植在造林地上的造林方法属于：（）A、植树造林；B、播种造林；C、插条造林；D、分殖造林8. 苗木栽植方法：（）A、三埋二踩； B三踩二埋一提苗； C 三踩二埋； D 三埋二踩一提苗9. 播种造林的适用立地条件为：（）A、干旱地区； B土壤湿润，各种自然灾害较轻，边远地区；C、水土流失严重地区； D杂草丛生、易发生冻拔的地区；10.下列不属于山东省速生丰产树种的是：（）A、落叶松、黑松； B 、赤松、油松； C、梧桐、银杏； D、杨树、麻栎11.播种造林又称：（）A、飞播；B、条播；C、撒播；D、直播造林12. 将具一定年龄的苗木栽植在造林地上的造林方法属于：（）A、植树造林；B、播种造林；C、插条造林；D、分殖造林13. 苗木栽植方法：（）A、三埋二踩； B三踩二埋一提苗； C 三踩二埋； D 三埋二踩一提苗14. 播种造林的适用立地条件为：（）A、干旱地区； B土壤湿润，各种自然灾害较轻，边远地区；C、水土流失严重地区； D杂草丛生、易发生冻拔的地区；15.下列不属于山东省速生丰产树种的是：（）A、落叶松、黑松； B 、赤松、油松； C、梧桐、银杏； D、杨树、麻栎16.“3-2-1”抚育指（）A、连续进行6年共3次；B、连续进行3年共6次；C、连续进行3年共3次；D、连续进行5年共5次17.种间关系是一种( )关系A、生态；B、物理；C、生理；D、生物18.某些树种速生不丰产：（）A、如泡桐和刺槐；B、如泡桐和杨树；C、如桦木和刺槐；D、如松树和刺槐19.油松×麻栎属于（）A、阳阳混交型；B、阴阳混交型；C、阴阴混交型；D、混合混交型20.松类，橡栎类，紫穗槐，枫杨等适合（）。
环境规划与管理期末考试复习题及参考答案-专升本
《环境规划与管理》复习题一、名词解释1.环境（环境的工作定义）2.环境预测3.“三同时”制度4.环境规划5. 环境管理6.环境预测7.环境标准8.“三同时”制度9 .环境规划二、填空1.环境管理的任务是、。
环境管理的对象是。
2.环境管理的基本职能包括、、、、五项。
3.环境管理的原则是、。
4.特尔斐法具有、、等特点,其结果处理与表达方式有、、、几种。
5.决策系统由、、三大要素构成。
4.环境规划指标类型、、、几种。
5.环境管理的任务是、。
6.环境管理的手段为、、、、和。
7. ISO14001环境管理体系包括环境方针、、、、等5部分。
8.特尔斐法具有、、等特点,其结果处理与表达方式有、、、几种。
9.决策系统由、、三大要素构成。
10.环境规划指标类型、、、几种。
三、简答题1.请对下述案例进行简要分析[案情]华北制药集团公司(简称“华药”集团)下属的华胜制药有限公司(简称华胜公司)、新维制药有限公司(简称新维公司)、维尔康制药有限公司(简称维尔康公司)以及康欣制药有限公司(简称康欣公司)、华北制药有限公司(简称华北公司)均存在着严重的环境污染问题。
其中华胜公司一期工程年产400吨硫酸链霉素项目和新维公司年产4000吨维生素C项目，均在污水处理设施未建成的情况下，擅自于1996年9月投入生产；维尔康公司年产1 000吨维生素C项目，在污水处理设施未建成的情况下，擅自于1994年7月投入试运行。
根据河北省环境保护局的调查，“华药”集团共被查出7个项目违反了“三同时”制度，华胜公司排放污水主要污染物COD、悬浮物均严重超标，污水排入汪洋沟，使两岸群众深受其害。
建于市区的青霉素工程、淀粉技改工程、威可达公司、维尔康公司、新维公司等，或未建污水处理设施，或不能正常运行，致使每天10万余吨的污水最终排入横贯市区的东明渠。
河北省环境保护局据此于1997年7月8日对“华药”集团做出罚款、限期治理与验收，若污水处理设施逾期验收不合格，将依法责令其停产治理的处罚。
专升本《算法分析与程序设计》期末考试复习题及参考答案
《算法分析与程序设计》专升本1、最大效益优先是（）的一种搜索方式。
A、分支界限法B、动态规划法C、贪心法D、回溯法2、在下列算法中有时找不到问题解的是（）。
A、蒙特卡罗算法B、拉斯维加斯算法C、舍伍德算法D、数值概率算法3、回溯法解旅行售货员问题时的解空间树是（）。
A、子集树B、排列树C、深度优先生成树D、广度优先生成树4、下列算法中通常以自底向上的方式求解最优解的是（）。
A、备忘录法B、动态规划法C、贪心法D、回溯法5、衡量一个算法好坏的标准是（）。
A、运行速度快B、占用空间少C、时间复杂度低D、代码短6、下面不是分支界限法搜索方式的是（）。
A、广度优先B、最小耗费优先C、最大效益优先D、深度优先7、下列算法中通常以深度优先方式系统搜索问题解的是（）。
A、备忘录法B、动态规划法C、贪心法D、回溯法8、备忘录方法是那种算法的变形。
（）A、分治法B、动态规划法C、贪心法D、回溯法9、哈夫曼编码的贪心算法所需的计算时间为（）。
A、O（n2n）B、O（nlogn）C、O（2n）D、O（n）10、分支限界法解最大团问题时，活结点表的组织形式是（）。
A、最小堆B、最大堆C、栈D、数组11、回溯法的效率不依赖于下列哪些因素（）A、满足显约束的值的个数B、计算约束函数的时间C、计算限界函数的时间D、确定解空间的时间12、下面哪种函数是回溯法中为避免无效搜索采取的策略（）A、递归函数B、剪枝函数C、随机数函数D、搜索函数13、下面关于NP问题说法正确的是（）A、NP问题都是不可能解决的问题。
2024年重庆市专升本考试教育理论测试题含解析
2024年重庆市专升本考试教育理论测试题一、选择题1、英国哲学家洛克的“白板说”是______的典型代表A．多因素论B．综合论C．外铄论D．内发论2、在教育起源问题上，历来存在不同的观点。
其中，以美国学者孟禄为代表主张的是（）（A）生理起源说（B）劳动起源说（C）心理起源说（D）交往起源说3、动作技能形成的条件包括动作概念掌握、动作示范、动作反馈和【】(A)类化(B)练习(C)联想(D)竞赛4、林老师通过创建良好的班风、建立和谐的人际关系等对学生施加积极的教育影响。
林老师的做法体现了哪一课程的特点?（）（A）活动课程（B）隐性课程（C）综合课程（D）选修课程5、能力的个别差异不包括能力类型的差异。
6、人们常说“性格决定命运”，这体现了人格具有______A．独特性B．稳定性C．前瞻性D．功能性7、保持时间大约为5秒到2分钟的记忆为______A．感觉记忆B．短时记忆C．长时记忆D．无意记忆8、我国《基础教育课程改革纲要》规定，在学校课程中设置综合实践活动作为必修课程。
其设置的时段为（）（A）小学一年级到高中阶段（B）小学三年级到初中阶段（C）小学三年级到高巾阶段（D）初中到高中阶段9、测得五岁儿童的智力年龄为六岁，用比率智商的计算方法可算出其智商是______ A．120B．130C．120%D．130%10、小李现在的工作单位通勤便利，但是经济收入和福利待遇较差；新单位有较高的经济收入和优厚的福利待遇，但是离家远。
小李正面临着______A．双趋冲突B．双避冲突C．趋避冲突D．多重趋避冲突11、通常认为“太阳从东边升起，往西边落下”。
这属于______A．抽象思维B．经验思维C．理论思维D．直观动作思维12、我国第一次明确规定女性享有与男性平等的受教育权利的现代学制是______ A．壬寅学制B．壬戌学制C．癸卯学制D．壬子癸丑学制13、李老师教学能力强，善于与学生交流，经常倾听学生对于开展教学活动的意见，班上的学生学习积极性高，兴趣广泛，和老师配合默契。