定语从句中as 与which用法异同
1 定语从句中as 与which用法异同
摘要：定语从句作为高考必考的语法项目之一，受到同学和教师的关注。为了使同学们在高三学习及以后的复习阶段有章可循，不盲目，不失分，本文就定语从句中as和which 的用法作一简单比较。
关键词: as 与which 异同
定语从句在高中语法的学习中是一个难点，也是高考必考的语法项目之一，为了使同学们在高三学习及以后的复习阶段有的放矢，现将定语从句中as和which的用法做一比较，供大家参考。
一、在限定性定语从句中
as 和which 作为关系代词用法有差异：
⑴、as 常与such, the same, as, so等词连用构成定语从句。as 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，这时作宾语的as 不可以省略。as 在从句中指前面提到的人或物。
Such people as (people such as) you describe are rare nowadays.
(你所描述的人现在已很少见了。)
I have the same trouble as you ( have ).
(我和你有同样的困难。)
张道真 1995 实用英语语法［M］北京 外语教学与研究出版社 （7）：573-574
He is as great a man as ever lived.
注意：①the same ---as 引导的定语从句和the same ---that 引导的定语从句不相同。
the same---as 表示的是“和---一样的”所指的是同一类事物。
the same---that表示的是“如---一样的”所指的是同一个事物。
下面试比较：
I bought the same dictionary as you bought.
（我买了一本和你的一样的词典。）
I met the same person that I saw yesterday.
（我遇见了昨天你看见得那个人。）
马德高，朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解［M］北京 中国社会出版社 (7):252 2 ②such--- as---中，as 引导定语从句，as 在从句中作主语、宾语等; such--- that ---中的that 引导的是结果状语从句。
下面试比较：
They had such a fierce dog as I had never seen. (as 在句中作seen 的宾语。)
(他们家有一条我从未见过的凶狗。)
They had such a fierce dog that no one dare to go near their house. ( that 引导结果状语从句，在句中不作成分)
（他们有一条很凶的狗，没人敢靠近他们家。）
马德高，朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解［M］北京 中国社会出版社 (7):252
⑵、which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。作宾语时可以省略。
The river which runs through the centre of the city was polluted seriously. (作主语)
（穿过是中心的那条河遭到了严重的污染。）
马德高，朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解［M］北京 中国社会出版社 (7):243
I have been to the city twice (which) you visited. (作宾语)
（你参观的那座城市，我去过两次。）
马德高，朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解［M］北京 中国社会出版社 (7): 245）
二、在非限定性定语从句中
as 和which 作为关系代词，均可以引导非限定性定语从句，并都可以代表主句的一部分或者是整个主句.在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，一般可互换。
1.二者可以通用的情况：
She married him, as/which was quite natural.（作主语）
（她嫁给他，那是相当自然的事。）
She is a good comrade, as/ which we all know.（作宾语）
（他是个好同志， 这点我们都知道）
It seems a beautiful picture, as / which in fact it is.（作表语）
（ 它是一幅好看的画，事实上真是。）
2.二者不可以通用的情况： 3 ⑴ 只能用as的情况
① 当引导的定语从句在句首时，只能用as
As we all know, smoking is bad for our health.
（众所周知，吸烟有害健康。）
常用的结构总结如下：
as is known to all, as is well- known, as can be seen，as has been said before,
as was expected, as has pointed out, as was reported等等。
还有：as you know, as you see, as often happens, as is often the case.
②当关系代词强调的是从句的意思时，要用as.
He is very poor, as we can judge from the clothes he wears.
（他很穷，这从他穿的衣服就可以看出来）
③当非限定性定语从句的谓语是被动语态时，要用as.
He must be from Africa, as can be seen from his skin.
（他一定来自非洲，从他的皮肤可以看出来。）
⑵只能用which的情况
①如果非限定性定语从句是否定意义时
You pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand.
( 你假装不认识我，我真不明白)
马德高，朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解［M］北京 中国社会出版社 (7):252
②如果非限定性定语从句的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语”，而且关系代词作从句的主语时
All the students passed the entrance examination, which delighted our teacher.
（ 所有学生都通过了入学考试，老师很高兴。）
③如果非限定性定语从句的结构是：“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”，而且关系代词作从句的主语或者宾语时
He dislikes everyone in the class, which I find quite strange.
(他不喜欢班里的每一个人，我认为这太奇怪了.)
马德高，朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解［M］北京 中国社会出版社 (7):252
④ 作介词宾语时，只能用which 4 For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, of which
New York is an example. (2008，四川卷)
（ 世界很多大城市都已经没有进一步扩展的空间了，纽约就是一个例子。）
Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English
novels.
( 上周我从书店买回一些书，其中有三本英文小说。)
马德高，朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解［M］北京 中国社会出版社 (7):244
as与which引导非限定性定语从句用法
as与which引导非限定性定语从句用法
首先，as和which都可以表示主句在意义上的连贯，在从句中作主语，或用作及物动词的宾语，如：
一、 as, which 指代整个句子或短语。由 as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，相当于 and this 或 and that 。在很多时候，表示说话人对话语的看法或态度，此时它们的先行词并不是具体的某个词，而是整个句子或短语： He was late for school ， as/which was usual with him ．他上学迟到，这是家常便饭。
He married her， which／as was natural．
I was very helpful to him， which/ as he realized．
二．as含有正如、按照、正像之意，as一般用在肯定句中，而which则 多用于含否定意义
的句子中，如： As our teacher points out， that book is of benefit to everyone．
Heat is a form of energy， as is known to all of us．
This machine， as might be expected， has stopped operating．
He failed in the exam again， as was expected．
He failed in the exam again， which was unexpected．（此处不可用 as ）
as 所引导的从句所表达的语意须和主句一致，而 which 则无此限制。
三．as 常与从句中的 know ， see ， hear ， expect 等动词连用，也常用于 as often happens ， as is often the case （常有的事）等句子中。下列固定结构，一般不能用which，如： as has been said before 如前所述 as often happens 正像经常发生的那样 as is well known 众所周知 as will be shown in Fig 3 将如图3所示 as we know 正如我们知道的那样＂ as may be imagined 这可以想象得出来 as we all can see 正如我们大家看到的那样 She is the same age as you (are). 她和你年龄一样大。 [ 与 same...as 连用 ] I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using. 我希望有一本和你正在用的一样的词典。 [ 与 such...as 连用 ] As water is to fish, so air is to man. 正如水对鱼一样重要，空气对于人同样重要。 四．当关系代词代表主句引起的结果，又做主谓宾补（svoc）结构中的主语时，多用which，
As引导的定语从句(含配套练习与答案)
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源-于-网-络-收-集 as与which引导定语从句的用法辨析
定语从句是高一英语的主要语法项目之一，也是高考英语的常考知识点，尤其是as和which引导的定语从句，更是历年高考试题中的考点和热点。as和which都能引导定语从句，那么它们的共同点和区别是什么呢?
一、as和which都能引导的定语从句
当非限定性定语从句置于句末时，as和which都可用来引导这个定语从句。例如：
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _______ , of course, made
the others unhappy. (NMET2000)
A. who B. which C. this D. what
【简析】答案是B。which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面主句的内容，定语从句部分意为：这当然使别人不高兴。这里不能换用as作引导词，因为我们不能说“正如使别人不高兴”。
The number of senior high school students is increasing, _______ is mentioned
above.
A. that B. it C. such D. as
【简析】答案是D。as引导非限定性定语从句，意思是“正如”。此时也可以换用which引导，但意思有别，意为：这一点上面提到了。
二、只能用which引导的定语从句
1. 在限定性定语从句中。例如：
The project _______ a British businessman has invested in is under construction at
present.
A. which B. as C. what D. why
英语语法：定语从句中的AswhichSosuch…that
【 导语】英语语法是针对英语语⾔的语法进⾏的研究，指英语中语⾔的结构规律。为了帮助各位同学更准确的记忆英语⼊门语法，为⼤家整理了英语语法顺⼝溜系列，在此与⼤家分享~
英语语法顺⼝溜：定语从句7---As/which/So /such …that
As/which在句末，若有否定as错;
as和 which都可指代前⾯⼀句话，请看例句:
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.
爱丽丝受到了她⽼板的邀请，这使她感到吃惊。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
天⽓结果变好了，这是我们没有预料到的。
若有否定as错;
3)The result of the experiment was very good, _______ we hadn't expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
【简析】答案是C。由于⾮限定性定语从句是否定结构，只能⽤which引导，不能⽤as来替代which。
句⾸只能⽤as,还有认知猜想词; 置于句⾸时，⾮限定性定语从句只能⽤as引导。例如：
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
众所周知，⽉亮每⽉绕地球⼀周。
与表⽰认知猜想的词，如know, expect, see, report, 连⽤时，要⽤as。
1)As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
我们知道，吸烟对健康有害。
2)As is expected, his daughter entered a key university.
英语as与which引导非限制性定语从句之区别
英语as与which引导非限制性定语从句之区别：练习题。
这类定语从句只能由which或as引导。两者之间的区别在于：
1. which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。如：
David, as you know, is a photograopher. (不可用which)
Li Ming is late, as is often the case. (不可用which)
2. as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。如：
Li Ming was late, which (=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry. (不可用as)
3. as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但which不受此限制。如： He married her, which was unexpected. 他和她结婚了，这是出乎意料的。(不可用as)
4. as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这(件事，一点)”，可用and this/that/it来代替。
5. as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has
been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。
注：which代表整个句子，还可用于in which case, at which point, on which occasion等。如：
I may have to work late, in which case I’ll telephone you.
As的高考知识点归纳
高中英语定语从句：As 和which 引导定语从句精讲精练
高中英语定语从句：As 和which 引导定语从句精讲精练
1 / 4 关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1. As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
He was honest, as/which we can see.
as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
which 指代整个句子不可置于句首只能位于主句后。
1. They didn’t come to school on time, which made the teacher angry.
2. The sports meeting was put off, which astonished (吃惊）us greatly.
3. His father died last year, which made it impossible for him to go to school.
4. He didn’t pass the exam, which disappointed his parents.
as 引导定语从句，位置灵活，可位于句首、句中和句末。
As we all know, China is a developing country.
The number of the visitors, as we had expected, was over 200.
China is a great country with a long history, as is known to all.
注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,主句与从句有因果或并列，从句谓语动词是“系动词+adj" 使用 which
as与which引导的定语从句及定语从句关系代词和关系副词的区别教案
as与which引导的定语从句及
定语从句关系代词和关系副词的区别
适用学科 英语 适用年级 高三
适用区域 适用版本区域 课时时长（分钟） 60分钟
知识点 1. as与which引导的定语从句
2. 只能用which引导的定语从句
3. 定语从句与状语从句的区别
4. 定语从句的强调句型
教学目标 知识：1、掌握定语从句中非限制性定语从句的使用。
2、能准确使用关系词解答定语从句的相关问题。
方法：要总结、熟记一些关系词在定语从句中的使用；要学会在实际中灵
活运用。
能力：1、能正确运用关系代词和关系副词在各类定语从句中。
2、掌握并会分析句子成分，从而熟练解题。
教学重点 1.继续探讨关系词在非限制性定语从句中的应用
2.通过对相似句型的比较及句子成分的分析，在一些特殊情况下，关系
代词和关系副词如何进行选择
教学难点 as 引导的非限制性定语从句；定语从句中需要注意的特例。
教学过程
一、 复习预习
1.关系代词的种类：
关系代词: that, which, who, whose,
关系副词: when, where, why
2. He talked about the schoosl and the teachers _______he had visited . A. that B. which C.who D. whom
3. He talked about the schoosl and the teachers _______he had visited .
A. that B. which C.who D. whom
4.Thelost their way in the forest ,_______made matters worse .
中考英语语法详解：as与which的用法区别 (2).doc
2017年中考英语语法详解：as与which的用法区别
【英语语法】
引导非限制性定语从句时，有时两者可互换。如：
I live a long way from work, as you know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。
1. 通常要用as的场合
①当从句位于主句前面时，只用 as。如：
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth
once every month. 月球每月绕地球转一周，这是每个人都清楚的。
②用于such, as, the same后引导限制性定语从句时，只能用as。如：
I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。
This is the photo which shows my house. 这张照片拍的是我的住宅。
2. 两者的细微区别
①as引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，which无此限制。如：
He went abroad, as was expected. 他出国了，这是大家预料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了，这让大家
感到很意外。(不用as)
②as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词，而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念，而which 则无此限制。如：
The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames.
这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)
③当as引导非限制性定语从句作主语时，其谓语通常应是连系动词，而不宜是其他动词，而 which则无此限制。如：
She has married again, as seemed natural. 她又结婚了，这似乎很自常。
【初中英语】定语从句as和which的用法(1)
定语从句
1. 非限定性定语从句——用逗号隔开
作用：提供附加而非必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或者说明。若去掉此定语从句，整个主句的意义一样很明确，不会引起误解和歧义。
eg.Beijing，which is the capital of China,has developed into a
international city.
如果定语从句修饰一个专有名词，我们一般要用逗号，也就是说要用非限制性定语从句。因为专有名词本身的含义就很完整，不需要限制，用定语从句知识对它进行补充说明。
2. As的用法
（1）as在引导限定性定语从句时，只是在一些固定的结构中，即只能用在such,the same, as ,so 的后面。
eg.he is not the same as we knew.
（2）as引导非限定性定语从句可位于句首，而which不能这么用。
eg.As is known, the whale is not fish but a mammal.（as指的是 the whale
is not a fish but a mammal.）
总所周知，鲸不是鱼类，而是哺乳类动物。
（3）as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句，代替前面的整个句子。
eg.he married her, as/which was natural.
但因为as引导的定语从句有“正好...”,“就像...”,“由...而知”的含义。所以，当主句和从句内容上一致时，或者说从句内容是顺着主句意思说下来时，用as。若主句和从句内容上下不一致时，或从句内容对主句的内容起反对、排斥、否定等消极作用时，多用which。
eg. She has married again, as was expected.
She has married again, which was unexpected.
which, as, what作关系代词的区别
which, as, what作关系代词的区别
关系代词的辨别
英语关系代词which, as, what的用法总是给学习者带来一定麻烦。在语篇阅读中，总感觉意思模糊；在语法选择中，总感觉束手无策。根据学生问的问题，拟从以下两个方面来对它们进行比较分析，希望对各位学生有所裨益。
一、 句法分布特征
关系代词which, as, what具有相同的句法功能，即引导非限制性定语从句，但是在句法分布上却有着一定的差异。如：
1) I gave my wife a necklace for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.
我送给夫人一根项链作为生日礼物，这让她很高兴不已。
2) He opposed that plan, as had been expected.
他反对那方案，这也正在人们的预料之中。
3) As has been expected, he opposed that plan.
正如人们所料，他反对这个方案。
4) He, as had been expected, opposed that plan.
他正如人们所料，反对这个方案。
5) He happened to be at home, and, what was rarer, disengaged.
他碰巧在家，更稀罕的是，他竟闲着没事。
由此可以看出，关系代词which引导非限制定语从句时，通常放在句子的后面；关系代词as 引导非限制定语从句时，句法位置比较灵活，可以分布在句首、句中和句尾；关系代词what一般分布在句子中间。
二、 表意功能
大多数语音单位和单词和几乎所有句子和短语都具有表意功能。因此which, as, what三个关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句自然也具有表意功能。虽然具有相同的句法功能，但是不同的句法分布特征，自然表明了不同的表意功能，因为任何一个特殊的句法组合形式都具有其独特的表意功能。如：
As和which引导定语从句时的用法详解
As和which引导定语从句时的用法详解
一、引导限制性定语从句
引导限制性定语从句时，在such, as, the same后只能用as，其他情况用 which。如：
I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。
It’s the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。
Such wind as there was came up the fiver. 当时起的这种风沿江刮了上来。
He was in such a fury as I have never seen. 我从未见过他发这么大的火。
As many as ten people were found living in a single room. 曾发现多达十个人住在一间房里。
It is an organization which helps the elderly. 这是一个帮助老年人的机构。
He possesses qualities which ensure success at school. 他有许多品质保证他学习很成功。
二、引导非限制性定语从句
1. 互换的场合
引导非限制性定语从句时，有时两者可互换。如：
I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。
He arrived early to dust the shop, as [which] was his custom. 他到车间很早，先掸尘土，这是他的习惯。
I had coffee after dinner, as [which] is my usual practice. 我饭后喝咖啡，这是我的习惯。
Sophia was not unconscious, as [which] could be judged from her eyes. 索菲娅并未失去知觉，这从她的眼睛里可以看出。