北外国际商务硕士考研真题—434国际商务基础真题分享

北京外国语大学 2015 年硕士研究生入学考试试题

招生专业：国际商务科目名称：国际商务专业基础

（考试时间 3 小时，满分 150 分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）

一、名词解释（每题 5 分，共 30 分）

1、购买力平价

2、国际直接投资

3、最惠国待遇原则

4、对外贸易依存度

5、外汇储备

6、国民待遇原则

二、简答（每题 10 分，共 50 分）

1.请解释何为世贸组织争端解决机制中允许胜诉方采取的交叉报复，采取交叉

报复需要满足什么条件？

2.跨国公司对外投资，可以采取跨国并购或者新建式投资，简单解释这两种投

资方式，并且比较其各自的优缺点。

3.某国外商投资政策规定，外国投资者通常持有的股份不得超过30%，但是，

如果合资企业出口产品，则外国投资者持有的股份最高可以达到49%。很多发展中国家对外商投资企业都有类似规定。请解释一下东道国政府如此设计政策的原因。

4.什么是全球标准化战略？什么是本土化战略？讨论两者各自的优缺点及其适

应的具体情况。

5.出口信贷是很多国家普遍采用的鼓励本国出口的政策，分为出口买方信贷和

出口卖方信贷，简单解释这两种方式各自的操作流程，并且比较其对于出口商的不同影响。

三、论述（每题 25 分，共 50 分）

1、近年来，中国对外商投资政策进行了一系列调整，很多外商投资者因此认为中国改变了对外商投资的态度，未来中国不再是投资的理想选择。（1）请列举至少两项近几年发生的，可能影响到外商投资的政策调整措施。（2）选择其中之一，解释一下该政策调整对外商投资可能产生的影响。（3）目前在中国，什么样的投资项目能够享受到政府的优惠政策？试列举三类，并简要解释原因。

（4）一直以来，西方国家对中国的知识产权保护状况颇多批评，这也是很多跨

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国公司对投资中国的担忧之一。你如何评价当前中国知识产权保护状

况？未来发展趋势如何？

2、根据世界银行发布的《2014 年投资环境指数》（Investment Climate Indicators 2014），印度在185 个被调查国家中排名134 位，在很多方面的表现远远落后于其周边国家。尽管如此，印度IT 产业吸引了大量的外商直接投资，实现了高速发展。试探讨一下原因。

四、翻译（每题 10 分，共 20 分）

1.The Administration recognizes that the concerns that workers, businesses, farmers, and ranchers have today are different than those they had a generation ago. We intend to negotiate a high standard, regional agreement that addresses new and emerging issues, incorporates new elements reflecting our values and priorities, and responds to the 21st century challenges our citizens face.

Our goal is to develop an agreement that creates and retains U.S. jobs, including by promoting innovation and competitiveness, encouraging new technologies and emerging economic sectors, increasing the participation of small- and medium-sized businesses in trade, supporting the development of efficient production and supply chains that include U.S. firms in order to encourage firms to invest and produce in the United States, and promoting regulatory coherence and cooperation among the TPP members. We also are seeking to work with our TPP partners on other trade-related priorities, such as development, transparency, workers rights and protections, environmental protection and conservation and other issues.

2.The TPP is the most credible pathway to broader Asia-Pacific regional economic integration. After nine rounds of negotiations, the nine countries made solid progress and have now achieved the broad outlines of an agreement. During their meeting on the margins of the APEC meeting in Honolulu, the TPP Leaders agreed to seek to conclude the agreement as quickly as possible and instructed their negotiators to expedite their work. The nine countries also welcomed the interest expressed by other countries in joining the agreement and will begin bilateral processes with these interested countries to discuss their readiness and ambition to meet the standards and objectives of the TPP. Once these bilateral processes have concluded, all current Parties will decide on inclusion of new members by consensus.

The United States has decided to participate in the TPP because it is the best vehicle for the United States to advance our economic interests in the critical Asia-Pacific region. Expanding U.S. exports is critical to our economic recovery and to the creation and retention of high-quality jobs in the United States. With its rapid growth and large markets, there is no region with which expanding our trade is more vital than the Asia-Pacific.

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