2019年公共英语二级考试试题及答案
2019年公共英语二级考试试题及答案
1. I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher. She’s got__________
patience with children.
[A] plenty
[B]much
[C]less
[D]little
2. Do you still remember__________Jane at our son’s birthday
party three months ago?
[A]meeting
[B]to meet
[C]to be met
[D]being met
3. Just think, in __________three months it’ll be summer again.
[A]other
[B]another
[C]these
[D]those
4. Tony couldn’t go to university but__________his education
through evening school courses.
[A]continue
[B]continued
[C]continues
[D]to continue
5. Do you agree that power is __________makes things work?
[A]nothing
[B]anything
[C]what
[D]that
6. She is __________ interested in physics. She often works at it
until__________into the night.
[A]deep; deep
[B]deep; deeply
[-C]deeply; deep
[D]deeply; deeply
7. What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has
been
[A]given out
[B]put out
[C]held up
[D]used up
8. The driver was__________for the traffic accident.
[A]not blame
[B]not to be blamed
2019年全国公共英语等级(PETS)考试二级模拟试题二
2019年全国公共英语等级(PETS)考试二级模拟试题二短文改错题此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。
对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾()，如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，在右边横线上写出该加的词。
错一个词：在错的词下面划一横线，在该行右边的横线上写出改正的词。
注意：原行没有错误的不要改。
What is best way to learn a language? We should 76remember that we all learned our own language well 77when we are children. If we could learn a secondlanguage 78in the same way, it would not seem such difficult. 79Think of what little children do. They listen whatpeople 80say and try to imitate(模仿)what they hear. That 81is important to remember that we learn our own language82with hearing people speak it. In school though you learn 83to read and write as good as to hear and speak, it is 84best to learn all new word through the ears. 85答案：76毙稳荽始禸est前加the.77爆78倍童时代应用过去时：are were79眃ifficult前应用副词：such so80 listen为不及物动词，后加to.81毙问街饔镉τ胕t：That It82庇肷衔谋泶锿一概念时态一致：learn learned83蓖ü某种方式用by+动名词：with by84弊髯从镉酶贝剩篻ood well85眞ord应用复数形式：word words。
公共英语二级模拟题：阅读理解(13).doc
2019年公共英语二级模拟题：阅读理解（13）2019年公共英语二级模拟题：阅读理解（13）Technology and the present generation of kids go hand in hand. Taking advantage of this factor, Lim Hojoon, the designer from South Korea, has come up with an educational gadget (小装置) especially for children.Kidget, as the name suggests, is a combination of two words kid and gadget. This kid-friendly gadget has various uses. When your child is in a mood to read, it takes the form of a storybook. When the mood is to draw and color this wonder gadget turns into a perfect canvas (画布). Your child can freely give color to all his/her imaginations. Should he or she wish to have some fun, see this device change into a musical instrument. You too would enjoy doing activities with your loved one using this gadget. This touch screen device will definitely prove to be an ideal friend.As many parents agree, in this age of technological advancements it is much easier to introduce children to new gadgets than adults. While many adults refrain (克制) from trying out something new, kids are more than prepared to take the leap. Keeping this fact in mind, Kidget is the perfect gift for the child of the 21st century. You will be surprised to see how fast your little one gets acquainted with the device. You might even find yourselflagging (落后) behind at times.Kidget has another hidden advantage. It helps take the load off young shoulders. With three things rolled into one, a child has much less books, stationary items and related goods to carry. It comes with a promise to make life simpler for kids. Not only is it simple to use but also easy to carry along. The stylish protective case comes with a belt attached to it. Children up to 14 years of age, the targeted audience, enjoy the freedom that comes with it.小题1:The Kidget probably cant serve as a ______.A.storybookB.perfect canvasC.musical instrumentD.television小题2:We learn from the second paragraph that Kidget ______.A.has many functionsB.is only suitable for kidsC.can make kids addicted if not properly usedD.can change its shape and color小题3:A hidden advantage of Kidget is that ______.A.it can be put into a schoolbagB.children can carry much less with itC.it has a stylish protective caseD.it contains all the textbooks小题4:We can infer from the text that Kidget ______.A.has both advantages and disadvantagesB.hasnt been put into useC.needs to be further improvedD.is a perfect gift for kids参考答案及解析小题1:D小题2:A小题3:B小题4:D试题分析: 韩国的一位科技人员发明了一个具有强大教育功能的小装置Kidget。
公共英语考试二级答案
公共英语考试二级答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What is the man's occupation?A. TeacherB. DoctorC. EngineerD. Lawyer答案：C2. Where does the conversation most likely take place?A. At a restaurantB. In a libraryC. At a bankD. On a bus答案：A3. How much will the woman pay for the dress?A. $50B. $75C. $100D. $125答案：B4. What is the weather like today?A. SunnyB. RainyC. CloudyD. Windy答案：A5. What does the man suggest doing this weekend?A. Going to a concertB. Watching a movieC. Visiting a museumD. Playing sports答案：D二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 16. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the increase in the number of tourists?A. Improved transportationB. Lower ticket pricesC. Better weather conditionsD. Increased marketing efforts答案：D7. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem?A. Limiting the number of touristsB. Increasing ticket pricesC. Improving public transportationD. Encouraging off-season travel答案：APassage 28. What is the author's opinion about the new policy?A. It is too restrictiveB. It is necessary for the environmentC. It will hurt local businessesD. It is a good step towards sustainability答案：D9. What is the purpose of the new policy?A. To reduce traffic congestionB. To promote public transportationC. To decrease air pollutionD. To save energy答案：C10. How does the new policy affect local businesses?A. It forces them to close earlyB. It increases their operating costsC. It encourages them to use renewable energyD. It limits their access to resources答案：B三、词汇与语法（共20分）11. The weather forecast predicts ________ rain tomorrow.A. heavyB. heavilyC. heavilyD. heavily答案：A12. She has always been ________ to help others in need.A. generousB. generousC. generosityD. generously答案：A13. The company is ________ for a new manager.A. lookingB. looking forC. looking upD. looking into答案：B14. The meeting was ________ important that we couldn'tafford to miss it.A. soB. suchC. veryD. too答案：A15. He ________ the book for a week before he realized he had read it before.A. had borrowedB. has borrowedC. borrowedD. was borrowing答案：A四、写作（共30分）16. Write an essay on the topic "The Importance of Environmental Protection". You should write at least 120 words. Use the given point to make your composition coherent and unified. Points to be covered may include: the significance of protecting the environment, the consequences of environmental degradation, and possible solutions toenvironmental problems.答案：[此处省略具体作文内容，考生需根据题目要求自行撰写]。
2019考研英语二真题及参考答案解析-启航考研
2019全国研究生考试英语二真题及参考答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice significant changes in weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I also use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensit y remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I am experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, instead of numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel, how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides2. A. Cares B. warns C. reduces D. helps3. A. Solely B. occasionally C. formally D. initially4. A. Lowering B. explaining C. accepting D. recording5. A. Set B. review C. reach D. modify6. A. Depiction B. distribution C. prediction D. definition7. A. Regardless of B. aside from C. along with D. due to8. A. Rigid B. precise C. immediate D. orderly9. A. judgments B. reasons C. methods D. claims10. A. Though B. again C. indeed D. instead11. A. Track B. overlook C.conceal D. report12. A. Approval of B. hold onto C. account for D. depend on13. A. Share B. adjust C. confirm D. prepare14. Features B. rules C. tests D. results15. A. Anxious B. hungry C. sick D. bored16. A. Secret B. belief C. sign D. principle17. A. Necessity B. decision C. wish D. request18. A. Surprising B. restricting C. consuming D. disappointing19. A. Because B. unless C. until D. if20. A. Dominating B. puzzling C. triumphing D. obsessingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A few years ago, researchers in Germany set out to plumb the moral consciences of small children. They invited a series of 2- and 3-year-olds to play with a marble track in a lab. Close to the track—inauspiciously close—was a block tower that one of the adult experimenters claimed to have painstakingly constructed. Just before turning her back, she asked them not to damage it. Needless to say, the game was rigged. After a few runs, a marble would knock over part of the tower, at which point the experimenter responded with what the resulting journal article described as a “mildly sad” tone. “Oh no,” she would say, then ask what had happened. In some versions of the experiment, the child seemed to be to blame; in others, an adult who was helping with the experiment toppled the tower. The kids’ reactions revealed a lot about how social-emotional development progresses during these key years. While many of the 2-year-olds seemed sympathetic to the researcher’s plight, the 3-year-olds went beyond sympathy. When they believed that they’d caused the accident, they were more likely than the 2-year-olds to express regret and try to fix the tower. In other words, the 3-year-olds’ behavior varied depending on whether they felt responsible.Their actions, according to Amrisha Vaish, the University of Virginia psychology researcher who led the study, de monstrate “the beginnings of real guilt and real conscience.” Vaish is one of a number of scholars studying how, when, and why guilt emerges in children. Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in con junction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it is engaging in behavior that’s not only reparative but also prosocial.In the popular imagination, o f course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understa nding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt isand what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness (think mania) can be destructive.And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though t hey hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because of our empathetic proclivity, or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”Malti describes guilt as a self-directed emotion, elicited when you act in a way that’s out of keeping with your conscience. Sympathy and empathy are other-directed. A child who isn’t inclined to feel bad for a classmate whose toy car she stole might nevertheless feel uncomfortable with the idea of herself as a thief—and return the toy. Guilt can include sympathy, Malti says, but it doesn’t have to. She’s agnostic about which of the two paths children take, so long as they treat one another well.This is a provocative idea at a moment when parents and educators have come to almost fetishize empathy—when a child’s ability to put herself in another’s shoes seems like the apex of goodness. Parents encourage children to consider how their peers feel when they don’t share their toys. Presc hool teachers instruct students to consider one another “friends,” implying that good behavior is predicated on affection. Elementary schools base anti-bullying curricula around altruistic concepts like love and kindness.When it comes to helping kids mana ge relationships and tamp down aggression, “schools and programs have almost exclusively focused on empathy promotion,” Malti says. “I think it’s incredibly important to nurture empathy, but I think it’s equally important to promote guilt.”If you still fi nd the idea of guilting your child unpalatable, keep in mind that we’re talking about a very specific kind of guilt. This is not telling your child that her disobedience proves she’s unworthy, or describing how painful it was to give birth to her. This is not pressuring your grown son or daughter to hurry up and have babies before you die. In short, this is not your grandmother’s guilt-trip.You don’t want a child to feel bad about who she is (that’s called shaming) or responsible forthings outside her control (which can give rise to maladaptive or neurotic guilt; see the child who feels guilty for her parents’ divorce). Malti points out that a child’s age and disposition are also important considerations; some may be temperamentally guilt-prone and require a lighter touch. The point is to encourage both goodness and resilience. We all make mistakes, and ideally we use them to propel ourselves toward better behavior.Proper guilting connects the dots between your child’s actions and an outcome—without suggesting anything is wrong or bad about her—and focuses on how best to repair the harm she’s caused. In one fell swoop it inspires both guilt and empathy, or what Martin Hoffman, an emeritus professor at NYU known for his extensive work on empathy, has termed “empathy-based guilt.” Indeed, you may already be guilting your child (in a healthy way!) without realizing it. As in: “Look, your brother is crying because you just threw his Beanie Boo in the toilet.” Hopefully, the kid is moved to atone for her behavior, and a parent might help her think through how to do that.Work by Renee Patrick, a psychology professor at the University of Tampa, shows that it’s important for parents to express themselves in a warm and loving way: A parent who seems chastising or rejecting can induce anxiety in a child, and do nothing to encourage healthy behavior. Patrick’s work also shows that kids whose parents used a strategy intended to elicit “empathy-based guilt” during their adolescence tended to see moral concepts like fairne ss and honesty as more central to their sense of themselves. (A related technique that’s been found effective in adolescents involves what Patrick calls “parental expression of disappointed expectations”—which is as harrowing as it sounds.)Joan Grusec, a psychologist and researcher in parenting and children’s development, and a colleague of Malti’s at the University of Toronto, says it’s important to make the what-you-can-do-about-it part a discussion between parent and child, instead of a sermon. Forcing a child to behave morally may prevent her from internalizing the lesson you’re trying to impart. And, she says, such a conversation may work better “once everybody has simmered down,” rather than in the heat of a dispute. She points to research on what aca demics call reminiscence, which suggests that discussing a transgression after the fact may better help children understand what they did wrong.Of course, knowing when to feel bad and what to do about it are things we could all benefit from. Malti’s resea rch may focus on kids, but guilt is a core human emotion—an inevitability for people of every age. And she believes that it has the potential to be especially helpful now, in a world that is growing more divided and atomized.She argues that guilt may have the ability to bring us together, not despite but because of its focus on the self. The proposition is radical. What if the secret to treating one another better is thinking about ourselves not less, but more?21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help__________.A. regulate a child’s basic emotionsB. improve a child’s intellectual abilityC. intensify a child’s positive feelingsD. foster a child’s moral development22. According to Paragraph 2, many people still guilt to be _________.A. deceptiveB. addictiveC. burdensomeD. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that________.A. an emotion can play opposing rolesB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. emotions are context -independent24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing_______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can bring about emotional satisfactionC. can result from either sympathy or guiltD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” (line4 para5) is closest in meaning to________.A. wrongdoingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. teachingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap—but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combustible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.California's plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030 —financed from the proceeds of the state's emissions-permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise runon fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on transportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests' carbon-storing capacity every five years. State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally they've focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California's plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model.26. “One of the harder challenges” implies ___A. global climate change may get out of controlB. forests may become a potential threatC. people may misunderstand global warmingD. extreme weather conditions may arise27. To maintain forests as valuable "carbon sinks", we may need to _A.preserve diversity of speciesB. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacityC. accelerate the growth of young treesD. strike a balance among different plants28.California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to ___A. restore its forests quickly after wildfires.B. cultivate more drought resistant trees.C. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. reduce the density of some of its forests29. What is essential to California's plan according to para. 5?A. To obtain enough financial supportB. To carry it out before 2020C. To handle the areas in the serious danger firstD. To perfect the emission-permit auctions30.the author's attitude toward California's plan can be best described as ____A. supportiveB. ambiguousC. tolerantD. cautiousText3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If thisdoesn't change, American businesses, communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S., the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today's farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled, rather than migrating, and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now, more than half are. And crop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers won't be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either----not yet at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive crops, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots currently do only a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 annually. Even so, employers frequently complain that they aren't allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it. The U.S. needs a simpler, streamlined, multi-year visa for agricultural workers, accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S. residency for workers who meet the requirements. Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty, and the country as a whole will lose out.31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workersD. Decline of job opportunities in U. S. agriculture32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is ?A. the rising number of illegal immigrantsB. the high mobility of crop workersC. the lack of experienced laborersD. the aging of immigrant farm workers33. What is the much-argued solution the labor shortage in U.S. farming?A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back farmingC. To use more robots to grow high-value cropsD. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for itsA .slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?B. Import Food or Labor?C. America Saved by Mexico?D. Manpower VS. Automation?Text 4Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities staring in a new video for World Environment Day-encouraging you, the consumer, to s your single-use Plastic staples to combat the plastic crisis.If only I’d realized that we can buy our way out of the problem except we can’t.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-us plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals: Lead with your wallets.The problem of perpetuating this individualistic narrative is that it's not going to get us very far and the plastics crisis we face is immense. Our oceans are blighted by the stuff. It's in our drinking water (including bottled water), and we could even be breathing it in.I'm not dismissing individual actions like ordering straw-free drinks at bars, or opting for a reusable water bottle over a cup that's going in the trash as soon as you've used it. I can't imagine not at least trying to minimize my own plastics footprint, whether it's lugging home my newly-refilled gallon bottle of washing-up liquid every few months, or buying packaging-free food, clothing and toiletries where possible.On their own, however, none of these things is enough.Part of my worry about leaving it up to the individual is that we're all just guessing at what's going on out there-and that's if we haven't been scared off from doing anything to start with in the face of such a huge challenge. As consumers, we have little idea about how much plastic has been used and discarded along the supply chain, for example. It's also hard to compare, say, going to a bulk store that sells plastic-free products but requires you to drive some distance versus a more Iccal shop where you may end up taking home some packaged items.There’s also a time and cost issue. Realistically, I'm not going to start making my own laundry detergents so I can avoid the plastic bottles they come in, and there can be extra costs associated with environmentally friendly products.My biggest concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plasticstraws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have "done our bit" without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---a kind of "moral licensing" that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we're ignoring the balance of power that implies that as "consumers" we must shop sustainably, rather than as "citizens" hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. Nowhere in World Environment Day 2018's key messages is there anything about voting for environmentally progressive politicians, for example. Why not?It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be .In her latest book, Why Could People Do Bad Environmental Things, Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. De Sombre argue that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will” eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” Ther e are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.De Sombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies t hat shape collective action (and rein in polluting business), alongside engaged citizens pushing for change. That’s not something we can buy.36. Some celebrities star in a new video toA. demand new laws on the use of plasticsB. urge consumers to cut the use of plasticsC. invite public opinion on the plastics crisisD. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis37. The author is concerned that “moral licensing” mayA. mislead us into doing worthless thingsB. prevent us from making further effortsC. weaken our sense of accomplishmentD. suppress our desire for success38. By pointing out our identity as “citizens,” the author indicates thatA. our focus should be shifted to community welfareB. our relationship with local industries is improvingC. we have been actively exercising our civil rightsD. We should press our governments to lead the combat39. De Sombre argues that the best way for a collective change should beA. a win-win arrangementB. a self-driven mechanismC. a cost- effective approachD. a top down process40. The author concludes that individual effortsA. can be too aggressiveB. are far from sufficientC. can be too inconsistentD. are far from rationalPart BDirections: you are going to read a list of headings and a text, choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）How seriously should parent take kid’s opinions when searching for a home?In choosing a new home, Camille Mc Clain’s kids have a single demand a backyard.That seemingly reasonable request turned the Chicago family’s home hunt upside down, as th ere weren’t many three-bedroom apartments on the North Side — where the family was looking —that came with yard space. Still, McClain and her husband chose to honor their 4- and 6-year-old’s request.“We worked with a few apartment brokers, and it was st range that many of them didn’t even know if there was outdoor space, so they’d bring us to an apartment, we’d see that it didn’t have a yard, and we’d move on,” said McClain, who runs Merry Music Makers in Lakeview, a business focused on music education for children.McClain’s little ones aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.Renters paid attention to their kids’ preferences even more: 83 percent said their children’s opinions will be a factor when they buy a home.The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes。
2019年全国英语等级考试二级(pet-2)写作模拟题
2019年全国英语等级考试二级(pet-2)写作模拟题第四部分写作第一节短文改错此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。
对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√);如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Dear Ralph,I'm a newcomer here of a small town, I would 76.________describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, 77. ________it seems always difficult for me to do things Well as 78. ________them. I'm sure they will laugh to me and see me as 79.________a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. 80. ________Besides, I have few friends. I don't know that they 81.________don't like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other 82. ________very well in class, but after class we become strangerat 83. ________once. I am trying to improve the situation since itdoesn't 84. ________seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. ________Yours,Xiao Wei第二节书面表达86.假如你是李明，你在学校负责2008年北京奥运会志愿者工作，现学校决定于本周六即7月5号下午在学校体育馆举行志愿者誓师大会，你要写一个通知通告给学校的志愿者们。
2019年10月自考英语(二)真题及答案(部分)
2019年10月自考英语(二)真题及答案(部分)一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分. 满分15分）请认真阅读下列各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项. 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. Here is Nancys plan for one week during her summer holiday.What kind of plan is this?A. A party plan.B. A trip plan.C. An exercise planD. An eating plan2. Look! There ________ a photo of our English teacher in todays newspaper!A. isB. areC. haveD. has3. Over 10, 000 runners joined a half and a mini marathons in Xianlin, Nanjing ________ May 7, 2017.A. inB. onC. atD. by4. —I go swimming every day.—Wow! Thats a good ________. It keeps you healthy.A. marchB. taskC. habitD. dream5. —Excuse me, but c an you tell me where the nearest bank is?—Just ________ going for two more blocks and youll see it.A. keepB. to keepC. keepingD. keeps6. —Did Alice tell you ________ to get to the station?—Yes, she said we would meet there at ten.A. howB. whatC. whenD. where7. —Who threw the empty bottles on the floor?—I dont know. Theyre not ________. Ask Max, please.A. IB. meC. myD. mine8. Linda and Kitty will go to Greenery Theme Park by ________ next Sunday.A. theyB. themC. theirD. themselves9. —Millie, ________ do you take the course in DIY?—Every Saturday afternoon.A. how longB. how farC. how muchD. how often10. —Would you like some green tea?—No, thanks. I ________ drink green tea. It hurts my stomach.A. almostB. seldomC. onlyD. still11. —When did the classroom have a power cut?—This morning, while we ________ a physics lesson.A. have hadB. were havingC. are havingD. will have12. Give me a chance, ________ Ill prove it to you.A. andB. tillC. thoughD. while13. —We cant enter the room. I cant find my key.—Is it possible that you ________ it at home?A. leftB. fixedC. managedD. designed14. How should you add the correct punctuation marks to the following sentence?A. Amy said “If it rains tomorrow, well stay at home.”B. Amy said “if it rains tomorrow, well stay at home.”C. Amy said, if it rains tomorrow, well stay at home.D. Amy said, “If it rains tomorrow, well stay at home.”15. —Hello, Helen! Can I see Mr Smith?—________. Ill tell him you are here.A. Never mindB. It sounds like funC. Just a minuteD. Sorry to hear that二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2019年公共英语考试PETS2二级词汇模拟题(3)
2019年公共英语考试PETS2二级词汇模拟题（3）1. You _________in such a hurry just now. Look, there is plenty of time left.A. don't have to do itB. needn't have done itC. wouldn't do itD. mustn't have done it2. _____________is one of the five working language at U.N. , which _______ are very proud of.A. The Chinese, the ChineseB. Chinese language, ChineseC. Chinese, the ChineseD. Chinese language, the Chinese3. -What's your problem ?- I have lost sight of my mum and dad . I saw them________ in front of me a moment ago.A. were walkingB. to have walkerC. walkD. walking4. Children are tired of learning often because they are __________to do more than they can.A. expectedB. suggestedC. hopedD. wished5. _________ concerts will be needed if we wanted to collect enough money to start a school.A. Some other tenB. Another tenC. Other tenD. Ten others6. The door burst open and ________ , shouting with anger.中华考试网A. in rushed the crowdB. rushed in the crowdC. the crowd tin rushedD. in the crowd rushed7. We carved their names on the stone so that younger generations could know what their forefathers ____ for the nation.A. didB. were doingC. had doneD. have been doing答案：BCDABAC。
2019年公共英语二级写作冲刺试题(1)
阅读下面的对话，根据其内容写一篇有关Emma周末经历的记叙文。
要求：1.所写短文应与对话相关内容意义相符，涵盖其要点。
2.用你自己的语言来表达，可以改写对话中的句子，但不可以照抄原句。
注意：词数80词左右。
Emma：Good morning，George!How was your weekend?George：Quite uneventful，I am afraid. I just stayed at home and took a good rest.What about you?Emma：Oh，I hope I could say that. I feel I’ve been running around for the past two daysand now I’m so tired.George：What did you do?Emma：A friend canae to see me on Friday and l went to the airport to meet hi，m after work.We had dinner at a French restaurant.George：Wow，that’s lovely!1.never eat out these days.Emma：It’s quite good.I could take you there sometime. And then we went to see a musical,the Q Avenue，at the International Meeting Center.So I came home quite late，but I still have an exam on Saturday!George：Oh.What exam?Emma：The Japanese Language Proficiency Test;you know I’ve been learning Japanese for some time.George：Did it go well?Emma：I，m not sure. I did the best I could. Then on Sunday，I had an appointment with my doctor.George：Is everything all right?Emma：Everything is fine. It’s just a regular physical check.George：Seems like you had quite a busy weekend.参考范文Emma had a busy weekend.On Friday evening，she went to fetch a friend at the airport.And after having dinner at a French restaurant，they went to see a musical，the Q Avenue at the International Meeting Center and she came home late.And then on Saturday，Emma took the Japanese Lan— guage Proficiency Test because she had been Studying Japanese for some time.On Sunday，Emma went to see her doctor to make her regular physical check，which she had scheduled in advance.写作指导这则对话时间顺序非常明显，所以谋篇布局不成问题，要合理地把全篇连缀起来，并且尽量采用自己的表达，同时使句型多样化。
2019年全国英语等级考试二级阅读各种题型详解(2)
2019年全国英语等级考试二级阅读各种题型详解(2)如何做释义性的题目
所谓释义性的题目，就是要求对文章中阐述的事物实行准确的解释。
问题往往问该事物的特征、优点、功能、作用等，如
the main characteristics of the system is _________.
one of the advantages of living in the countryside is
_________.
这类问题在阅读理解的题目中占较大的比例。
因为，阅读理解的
文章大多是说明文体裁。
说明文就是对事物解释，定义。
文章用较大
的篇幅来解释，答案项要么是对这些解释的另一说法，要么是对这些
解释的归纳。
这类问题虽属细节题，但不容易做。
有两点要注意。
1.注意解释的准确性
干扰项往往在对文章事物的解释中，夹带"私货：，加进一些词，夸大了原文的意义，作了不合事实的引伸。
这就告诉我们，在辨别信息时，对一些对原文解释、归纳的选项，要注意其释义的准确性。
特别要当心在解释时加进一些修饰词，如mainly，chiefly，whenever，only等，使原文的意思发生细微的变化。
所以有这些词的选项，多半是错误的。
2.注意归纳的准确性
问的是事物的主要特点、特征、功能，干扰项却把次要的、细节
性的东西，具体事实混进选项。
这告诉我们，在做释义题，辨别选项时，要注意区分细节和结论，事实和观点。
问归纳性的结论，观点时不要把具体的细节，事实套上去。
2019考研英语二真题及答案完整版
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significantweight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from beinggenerally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observeand 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise[D]However2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns[D]reduces3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally[D]formally4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining[D]accepting5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review[D]reach6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution[D]prediction7.[A]due to[B]regardless of[C]aside from[D]along with8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise[D]immediate9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons[D]methods10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again[D]indeed11.[A]track[B]overlook[C] conceal[D]report12.[A]depend on[B]approve of[C]hold onto[D]account for13.[A]share[B]adjust[C]confirm[D] prepare14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules[D]tests15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry[D]sick16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief[D]sign17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision[D]wish18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting[D]consuming19.[A]if because[B]unless[C]until[D]consuming20.[A]obsessing[B]dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphing1-20参考答案及解析：1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。