考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(二)
考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记(二) TEXT 3 During the past generation, the American middle class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise stay at home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent-and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance-have jumped eightfold in just one generation. From the middle class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.
31. Today's double income families are at greater financial risk in that A. the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared B. their chances of being laid off have greatly increased C. they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics D. they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance
32. As a result of President Bush's reform, retired people may have A. a higher sense of security B. less secured payments C. less chance to invest D. a guaranteed future
33. According to the author, health savings plans will A. help reduce the cost of healthcare B. popularize among the middle class C. compensate for the reduced pensions D. increase the families' investment risk
34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that A. financial risks tend to outweigh political risks B. the middle class may face greater political challenges C. financial problems may bring about political problems D. financial responsibility is an indicator of political status
35. Which of the following is the best title for this text? A. The Middle Class on the Alert. B. The Middle Class on the Cliff. C. The Middle Class in Conflict. D. The Middle Class in Ruins. absolute 2 a.绝对的，完全的 absorb 3 v.①吸收；②吸引，使专心 account 22 n.①账(目，户)；②叙述，说明；③价值，地位；v.(for)①说明，解释；②占；③(take into)考虑；顾及 airline 1 n.①航线；②航空公司 alert 1 a.①警惕的；②机灵的 assistance 2 n.帮助，援助 attendant 1 n.①服务员，值班员；②护理人员 author 69 n.①作者；②创始人 auto 2 n.汽车 being 9 n.①生物，人；②存在，生存 budget 4 n.预算；v.做预算 campaign 4 n.①战役；②运动；vi.从事活动 challenge 10 n.①挑战(书)；②艰巨任务，难题；v.向...挑战 cliff 1 n.悬崖，峭壁 compensate 5 v.(for)补偿，赔偿 conflict 3 n.①战斗，斗争；②抵触，冲突；v.(with)抵触，冲突 critic 7 n.批评家，评论家 debate 8 v./n.争论，辩论 depend 16 v.(on)取决于，依靠，信赖，相信
考研英语二历年真题及答案
考研英语二历年真题及答案近年来，越来越多的学子选择考研究生，其中英语科目是考研中的难关之一。
为了能更好地备考英语二，参考历年真题是非常必要的。
本文将为大家提供一些历年考研英语二真题及答案，并对每个题目进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握考点。
第一部分：阅读理解文章一：根据短文内容，选择正确答案。
Passage 1In a few areas of the western United States, a pine tree called the “limber pine” is under attack. If the insects that are attacking it continue to spread, then this tall, slender, cone-bearing tree may become extinct. The destruction would be unfortunate, for the limber pine is a beautiful, hardy tree that has lived there in peace for hundreds of years.The enemies of the limber pine are the beetles called the “mountain pine beetles”. Adult mountain pine beetles lay eggs on the trunks of limber pines. The eggs hatch, and the baby beetles begin to feed on the inner layers of bark. As the baby beetles eat and grow, they dig long tunnels winding through the tree's trunk, leaving behind their jagged trails.Awarding-winning nature photographer Robert Fletcher spends hours wandering through these fascinating tunnels of the beetles. He carefully examin es the damage, maps the length of the tunnel and counts the eggs. “It is like walking through a giant nut looked inside a layer upon layer of peanutbutter”, he says. “Sometimes the infestation is so severe that the tree cannot defend itself and will die.”Mountain pine beetles cause the trunks of the pines to die, and the branches and needles turn reddish-brown, then gray. In fact, millions of trees have already succumbed to the attacks of these insects. The tree is dying by inches, similar to a person who has contracted some terrible disease.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The attack on the limber pine by beetles.B. An award-winning photographer.C. The death of a tree.D. Extinction.解析：文章主要讨论的话题是“攻击延硕山松的甲虫”，所以选项A 是正确答案。
考研英语精读笔记(word格式,校正版,完美打印版).范文
考研英语精读笔记总结1991年第一篇：1.重要词汇点：triumph n./v. 胜利urgent a.紧急的struggle to do 努力做，试图做hold back 阻止，隐瞒tide n.潮流ingredient n.要素；配料accountability n.责任，责任心，责任感accountable a.负责的account for 解释；占据(比例) 为sth负责be liable for sthvalues n.价值观ultimate a.最终的，最大的ultimately ad.impose sth on sb 将sth强加于sb external a.外部的internal a.内部的restraint n.限制restrain vt.限制guilt n.内疚，内疚感；罪行，罪责be guilty of sth 对sth有罪embarrass vt.使尴尬embarrassment n.community n.社区；社会；界，圈子；地方the scientific community 科学界hold up 举起；支撑；阻碍proclaim v.宣称tolerate v.容忍，宽容loose a.松的，松散的loosen v.使松，使松散typical a.典型的consider A B 把A看作B A is considered B. A被看作B。
enrage vt.激怒 rage n.愤怒breakdown n.崩溃；分解radical a.根本的；激进的shift n./v.转变，转换，变动commit crimes 犯罪victim n.牺牲品victimize vt.使成为牺牲品shocking a.令人震惊的reverse v./a./n.颠倒；倒退；反转reversal n. underprivileged a.弱势的，缺乏基本权益的bring up 抚养；提出upbringing n. 抚养；提出fail to do 未能；无法moral a.道德的；品行端正的guidance n.指导，引导guide v. stable a.稳定的disadvantaged a. 弱势的，缺乏基本权益的circumstances n.环境engage in = be engaged in 从事，进行desperate a.绝望的；不顾一切的desperately ad. 绝望的；不顾一切的；及其，非常evil n./a.邪恶virtue n.美德；优点wise a. 智慧的，明智的wisdom n. prevail vi. 占上风，盛行，流行prent a. prence n. defeat n./v.击败；失败desirable a.可取的= advisable a. = preferable a. = favorable a. bear the blame for sth 为sth负责be held responsible for sth 为sth负责be responsible for sth 为sth负责self-discipline n.自律restrict v.限制mutual a.相互的；共同的stick to 坚持s restriction n.限制 restrictive a.限制的，限制性的第二篇：adolescence n.青春期adulthood n.成年，成年期adult n./a.成年；成年的as to 关于constitute vt.构成constitution n.构成；体质；宪法maturity n.成熟 mature a. primitive a.原始的frequently ad. = often 经常frequent a. relatively ad.相对的，比较的，很pattern n.模式；规律prolonged a.延长的prolong vt. 延长couple n.一对，两口子 a couple of 几个ceremony n.仪式coupled with 伴随，伴随着status n.身份，地位，状态given a.特定的frontier n.边界，边界定居区；前沿，尖端universally ad. 普遍地universal a formal a.正式的informal a.不正式的recognition n.承认，认可recognize vt. symbolic a.象征的，象征性的 symbol n. significance n. 重要性，意义 significant a. initiation n.使进入；开始，使开始initiation ceremony n.进入仪式，开始仪式；成年仪式sequence n.系列 sequent a. privilege n.特权minor a./n.较小的vote v.投票remove vt.去除 removal n. grant vt.授予fare n.票价obtain vt.获得license n.执照basically ad.基本上；基本而言basic a. liquor n.烈酒financial a.金融的；财政的；财务的finance n.金融；财政；vt.资助contract n.合同contract vt.收缩acquire vt.获得additional a.额外的，其他的majority n.大部分；主体attain vt.获得；达到provision n.提供；预防，准备；约定；规定point to 表明mark vt.标志着give place to 让位于dividing line 分界线join the army 参军exist vi.存在existence n. existent a. permission n.允许permit vt.第三篇contain v.包括，包含；遏制term A B = call A B = name A B 把A称作B composed of 由...组成composition n.组成；结构；作品occur vi.发生mineral element 矿物质dissolve v.溶解solution n.溶液woody a.木质的；木头的stem n.茎干tissue n.组织in the presence of 在...存在的情况下solid a./n.固体；紧密的minute a.微小的n.分钟opening n.开口；空缺vapor n.蒸汽trace n.极少量；踪迹quantity n.数量saturation n.饱和saturate v.饱和 3 parts in 10 parts 十分之三F = Fahrenheit 华氏温度；华氏温度计intake n.摄入；摄入量in terms of 就...而言in proportion to 与...成比例的；与...相比的concentration n.集中；聚集synthesize vt.合成synthesis n.合成sustain v.支撑derive sth from A 从A获得sth preserve v.保存develop an idea 阐述一个观点utilize vt.利用absorb v.吸收It is as proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of brick a brick building. （It is as proper to do A as to do B. 做A和做B是一样恰当的）把植物称作水构造，和把一所主要由砖构成的房子称作砖房一样，都是恰当的。
考研英语2历年真题及详解
考研英语2历年真题及详解考研英语2是许多考生备战考研中的重点科目之一。
历年真题对于考生来说是非常宝贵的复习资源，可以帮助考生了解考试的题型、难度以及出题思路。
在本文中，我们将为大家汇总总结考研英语2历年真题，并提供详细的解析，帮助考生更好地备考和提高成绩。
第一部分：听力理解（共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）听力理解是考研英语2的首个题型，也是考生需要高效备考的一个重点部分。
历年真题中的听力部分涵盖了各种场景和话题，考察了考生对于语音、语调、语速的理解能力，同时也考察了考生对于词汇、语法的掌握。
在备考听力理解时，考生可以通过大量听力材料的反复听，提高自己对于英语语音和语调的敏感度，同时积累词汇和语法的知识。
掌握常见的听力形式和解题技巧，例如定位、主旨提取、推理判断等，也是备考听力理解的关键。
第二部分：阅读理解（共3篇文章，每篇5小题，每小题3分，共45分）阅读理解是考研英语2的核心题型之一，通过阅读真实英语文章，考察考生对于文章内容和结构的理解能力，以及对于作者观点的推断和分析能力。
历年真题中的阅读理解部分内容广泛，包括科技、文化、历史、社会等各个领域，考生需要掌握不同领域的词汇和背景知识。
阅读理解的备考重点包括：提高阅读速度和阅读准确性、积累词汇和常见搭配、掌握文章的结构和主旨、培养推理判断能力等。
第三部分：翻译（共2小题，每题20分，共40分）翻译是考研英语2的重要题型之一，考察考生对于英汉互译和段落翻译的能力。
历年真题中的翻译部分内容丰富，包括单词、短语、句子和段落的翻译，考生需要能准确理解原文的意思，并恰当地表达出来。
备考翻译题时，考生应该重点积累常见的词汇和短语，并学习它们的用法和搭配。
了解不同句型和段落结构的表达方式，灵活运用自己的语言表达能力进行翻译练习，提高准确性和流畅性。
第四部分：写作（共1题，满分25分）写作是考研英语2的最后一个题型，也是考生需要花费较多时间准备和练习的部分。
精读笔记
91-92考研阅读精读笔记（91-92）(2009-06-30 17:38:39)问：如何提高阅读分数？答：先提高阅读能力。
问：如何提高阅读能力？答：单词；精读；泛读。
一、背会大纲要求的所有单词。
认识的单词越多，阅读时速度就越快，精度就越高。
二、做一定量的精读。
所谓精读，是吃透一篇文章的所有内容：尤其是固定短语和固定句型。
上过我阅读课的同学一定有一个感触，很多时候，做不对题，不是不认识单词，而是不认识单词的组合，即固定短语和固定句型。
比如A in response to B（作为对B的反应/回应的A），比如A characteristic of B （作为B的特点的A），再比如in the knowledge of A（知道A，了解A）。
这些短语在词典里很少有收录，但是在考试收录的文章里却比比皆是。
所以这一步和第一步同样重要。
许许多多英语底子好的牛人，不懂精读，只埋头泛读，每天四篇，坚持一年，收效甚微，原因就在这。
去年班上一个同学，平时遵从我的建议，扎扎实实地做精读，结果在2009年1月的考场上，光阅读部分就拿了36分。
三、尽可能多的泛读。
泛读的作用，在于复习和巩固前两步的成果，在于提高阅读速度，在于开拓视野。
阅读想拿及格分，前两步足矣，要向上突破，必须大量泛读。
做精读，最理想的材料莫过于历年考研阅读文章，最理想的方法莫过于：六遍三方面。
第一遍：模拟测试，把做每一年的题当成亲临考场，不查词典，不间断，一气做完。
第二遍：标记疑难，把文中所有不懂的词句全部用铅笔勾画出来。
第三遍：逻辑推断，依据上下文的逻辑关系，试着推导勾画出的词句的意思。
第四遍：推敲答案，根据老师或参考书的讲解，搞清楚每道题每个选项选或不选的理由。
第五遍：解决疑难，根据老师或参考书的讲解，或者根据词典，标注出每一个疑难词句的含义。
第六遍：全文翻译，在前五个步骤全部履行的基础上，将全篇文章，包括题目和选项，逐字逐句翻译成汉语，有疑问的地方，参看参考书，或者咨询师友。
2023年自考专业(英语)《英语阅读(二)》考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2023年自考专业(英语)《英语阅读（二）》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】Jenny complained that the hospital ________ her too much for the treatment.A.expendedB.paidC.costD.charged2.【单选题】It rained hard yesterday, ______ prevented me from going to the park.A. thatB.whichC.asD.it3.【单选题】It is difficult to ________ the implication between the lines.A.get toB.get withC.get atD.get down4.【单选题】The two girls competed with each other ______ the highest mark.A.forB.withC.toD.against5.【单选题】Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork.A.persuadeB.pursueC.persistD.proceed6.【单选题】They are eager _______ abroad.A.travelB.travelledC.to travelD.travelling7.【单选题】Is it Shakespeare Theatre _______ you are going to watch the play The Merchant of Venice?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.as8.【单选题】The new discovery _______ be of great service to mankind.A. is bound toB.is bound forC.be bound toD.be bound for9.【单选题】Water is composed _______ hydrogen and oxygen.A. ofB.withC.forD.about10.【单选题】It took me a month to get rid _______ the cough.A.forB.asC.ofD.over11.【单选题】Charles Smith, ______ was my former teacher, retired last year.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.as12.【单选题】At any rate I did not succeed _______ myself understood by you.A.makingB.madeC.to makeD.in making13.【单选题】She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes。
考研英语二历年真题及答案详细解析
考研英语二历年真题及答案详细解析2010考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity inalmost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding offSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart AText1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”，at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that fo llowed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially inNew York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists atthe end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was r eferred to as “a last victory” because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses ' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invitedmen to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probab ly means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public than womenB. nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communicationbetween couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to createnew behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day —chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins— are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creati ng positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new productscommercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deeply rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power[D] manifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide [B] Crest[C] Colgate [D] Unilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions [D]scientific experiments35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A] indifferent [B] negative[C] positive [D] biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list.This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurorsand required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points) “Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him thatsustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。
考研英语二历年真题阅读与写作常见词汇及短语
（对于 mortal 解释就是用生死来做个约定，但当今社会是法治社会，不能用真正的生死来做
个约定，因此只能用生命中最有价值的东西来做约定，比如将房子抵押出去来换贷款）
mortal combat 殊死搏斗
cheap mortgage 低息抵押贷款
2. 表示萧条的单词：recession、recede、depression、depress（○1 使萧条○2 使沮丧）、slump
merse 合
merger 合并 acquisition 收购
↑
↑
merge
acquire 收获，得到 inquire 询问 require 要求
↓
emerge 涌现，浮现（合并以后出来的东西）
emerging countries 新兴国家
emergence 涌现；出现
emergency 紧急情况
acquire 收获，得到
deficit in trade 贸易逆差
surplus in trade 贸易顺差
balance of trade 贸易差额（balance 在这里译作为差额）
unfavorable balance 贸易逆差（不利的差额）
favorable balance 贸易顺差（有利的差额）
favorite 喜爱
gold rush 黄金热；淘金热
4. private enterprise 私企
private property 私人财产
private 私人的
↑
priv 私人的（priv 为词根）
deprive 剥夺（否定私人的）
↑ └←prive：私人的
否定
privilege 给特权；给优惠（v.）<2012 年英语二翻译>；特权，优惠（法律上授予私人的）
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇
阅读理解精选100篇---经济类考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit1unit1Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Minis ters on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its G DP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the countr y reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience".Resilience has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000).One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie, about €0.53 ($0.70). Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.注（1）：本文选自Economist；12/18/2004, p115-115, 2/5p；注（2）：本文习题命题模仿2004年真题text 1第1题和第3题（1，3），2001年真题text 1第2题（2），1999年真题text 2第2题（4）和2002年真题text 3第4题（5）；1. What is Turkey’s economic situation now?[A] Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.[B] Its inflation rate is still rising.[C] Its economy grows faster than any EU member.[D] Its economic resilience is very strong.2. We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.[A] Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members[B] inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high[C] Turkey’s economy will keep growing at present rate[D] IMF’s economic program will help Turkey join the EU3. The word “oscillated” (Line 3, Para graph 3) most probably means_________.[A] fell[B] climbed[C] developed[D] swang4. Speaking of Turkey’s foreign direct investment, the author implies that_________.[A] it’s stock is far less than that of other countries[B] it does not have much influence on Turkey’s economic progress[C] steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract more foreign direct investment[D] Turkey’s economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment5.We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.[A] foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better[B] Turkey’s citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira[C] the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six noughts from the face value[D] prices of goods will go up答案：C B D C A篇章剖析本篇文章是一篇说明文，介绍了土耳其的经济状况。
考研英语阅读真题考研英语二第篇毙考题
考研英语阅读真题考研英语二第篇毙考题 Document number【AA80KGB-AA98YT-AAT8CB-2A6UT-A18GG】2015考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第4篇Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news.And they were right.For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction.Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get.An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor marketand it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.If the answer is “yes,” they are classified as working part-time.The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if theytell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.对于劳动部门所报告的六月份新增28.8万个工作岗位和失业率下降至6.1个百分点，很多人都说这是个利好消息。
2009年考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记（一）
众所周知，考研是⼈⽣的⼀次重新洗牌和重⼤机遇，⽽在考研的四门课程中，英语成了许多考⽣前进征途上的⼀只凶猛拦路虎和⼗分困难的羁跘与障碍。
详细分析历年考研英语试卷，⼜可以发现主要⽭盾在于阅读(占60%的分数)，故可谓：得阅读者得天下。
阅读的60分细分为Part A、Part B 和Part C，其中Part A为四篇阅读理解，占40分，是阅读理解考试中的主战场。
那么，阅读Part A有没有什么技巧呢? 技巧⼀：看懂 阅读理解其实主要考的是“阅读”之后的“理解”，所以，看得懂乃是第⼀项技巧。
任何⼀篇⽂章，若要能看懂它，⾄少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明⽩句⼦。
单词就像盖房的砖⽡，考研词汇⼤约为5500个，这不是⼀个⼩数字，也并⾮三两天时间可以记住的，所以，考⽣必须先买⼀本考研英语词汇书进⾏系统、长期的学习和记忆。
(推荐《考研英语词汇真题词频语境记忆》，该书打破了传统考研词汇书按字母顺序排序的做法，⽽是采⽤历年真题作为单词出现频率的统计依据，将所有⼤纲单词及超纲单词按照历年真题出现的频率从⾼到低排列，⽽且全部按照考过的不同词义配不同的真题例句，可以使学⽣⽤最少的时间获得的学习效果)。
拿到词汇书之后，⾸先⽤⼤约⼀周的时间把这些单词中你根本不认识的挑出来，如rear，tedious，deteriorate，plausible，jargon，isotope，……，(因为这些单词你可能完全不认识，看到之后两眼漆⿊，所以称之为“⿊”字)。
“⿊”字是阅读的头⼀个障碍，单词不认识，句⼦当然看不懂，所以，消灭“⿊”字是当务之急。
(争取⽤⼀个⽉左右的时间消灭它们!) 考研词汇中，除“⿊”字外，还有⼤量意思⾮常明⽩的所谓“⽩”字，如：able，benefit，culture，space，topic，……。
此类单词可⼀掠⽽过，除“⿊”(完全不认识)和“⽩”(完全明⽩)字两类外，还有许多似会不会的“灰”字，如：treaty，tutor，sample，saddle，fuss，……。