2019年大学英语四级真题CET-4
2019年6月CET-4真题完整版Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a volunteer activity organized by your StudentUnion. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questionswill be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not useany of the words in the bank more than onc．eQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Just becausethey can’t sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn’t mean that animalsdon’t have culture. There’s no better example of this than killer whales. As one of themost __26__ predators食(肉动物)，killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.The word “c ulture”comes from the Latin “c olere,”which __29__ means “t o cultivate.”In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way welive, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, havingspent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos ofGreenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilizethis fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across theglobe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that __34__ frompole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn differenthunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey(猎物). This,in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability tolearn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals’genetic development.A) acquired E) expressed I) image M) speculateB) adaptations F) extends J) literally N) structureC) brutal G) habitats K) refined O) thriveD) deliberately H) humble L) revolvesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage w ith ten statementsattached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Living with parents edges out other living arrangements for 18- to 34- year-olds[A] Broad demographic (人口的)shifts is marital status, educational attainment andemployment have transformed the way young adults in the U.S. are living, and a newPew Research C enter analysis highlights the implications of these changes f or themost basic element of their lives—where they call home. In 2014,for the first time inmore than 130 years, adults ages 18 to 34 were slightly more likely to be living intheir parents’h ome than they were to be living with a spouse or partner in their ownhousehold.[B] This turn of events is fueled primarily by the dramatic drop in the share of young Americans who are choosing to settle down romantically before age 35. Dating backto 1880, the most common living arrangement among young adults has been living with a romantic partner, whether a spouse or a significant other. This type of arrangement peaked around 1960, when 62% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds were living with a spouse o r partner in their own household, and only one-in-five were living with their parents.[C] By 2014, 31.6% of young adults were living with a spouse or partner in their ownhousehold, below the share living in the home of their parent(s) (32.1%). Some 14%of young adults lived alone, were a single parent or lived with one or more roommates.The remaining 22% lived in the home of another family member (such as agrandparent,in-law or sibling ( 兄弟姐妹)), a non-relative, or in group quarters likecollege dormitories.[D] It ’s worth noting that the overall share of young adults living with their parentswas not at a record high in 2014. This arrangement peaked around 1940, when about35% of the nation’s 18-to 34-year-olds lived with mom and/or dad (compared with 32%in 2014). What has changed, instead, is the relative share adopting different ways ofliving in early adulthood, with the decline of romantic coupling pushing living athome to the top of a much less uniform list of living arrangements.[E] Among young adults, living arrangements differ significantly by gender. For menages 18 to 34, living at home with mom and/or dad has been the dominant living arrangementsince 2009, In 2014,28% of young men were living with a spouse ofpartner in their own home, while 35% were living in the home of their parent(s). Young women, however, are still more likely to be living with a spouse of romanticpartner(35%) than they are to be living with their parent(s)(29%).[F] In 2014, more young women (16%) than young men (13%) were heading up ahousehold without a spouse or partner. This is mainly because women are more likelythan men to be single parents living with their children. For their part, young men(25%) are more likely than young women (19%) to be living in the home of anotherfamily member, a non-relative or in some type of group quarters.[G] A variety of factors contribute to the long-run increase i n the share of young. Adults livingwith the parents. The first in the postponement of, if not retreat from,marriage. The average age of first marriage has risen steadily for decades. In addition,a growing share of young adult may be avoiding marriage altogether. A previous PewResearch Center analysis projected that as many as one-in-four of tod’a syyoung adultmay never marry. While cohabitation(同居)has been on the rise, the overall share ofyoung adults either married or living with an unmarried partner has substantiallyfallen since 1990.[H] In addition, trends in both employment status and wages have likely contributed to the growing share of young adults who are living in the home of their parent(s), andthis is especially true of young men. Employed young men are much less likely to live at home than young men without a job, and employment among young men has fallen significantly in recent decades.The share of young men with jobs peaked around 1960 at 84%. In 2014, only 71% of 18-to-34-year-old men were employed. Similarly with earnings, young men’s wages (after adjusting for inflation) have been on a downward trajectory (轨迹) since 1970 and fell significantly from 2000 to 2010. Aswages have fallen, the share of young men living in the home of their parent(s) hasrisen.[I] Economic factors seem to explain less of why young adult women are increasinglylikely to live at home. Generally, young women have had growing success in the paidlabor market since 1960 and hence might increasingly be expected to be a be to affordto afford to live independently of their parents. For women, delayed marriage—whichis related, in part, to labor market outcomes for men—may explain more of theincrease in their living in the family home.[J] The Great Recession (and modest recovery) has also been associated w ith an increase in young adults living at home. Initially in the wake of the recession, collegeenrollments expanded, boosting the ranks of young adults living at home. And giventhe weak job opportunities facing young adults, living at home was part of the privatesafety net help young adults to weather the economic storm.[K] Beyond gender, young adult’s living arrangements differ considerable byeducation—which is tied to financial means. F or young adults without a bachelor’s degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than livingwith a romantic partner. By 2014, 36% of 18-to 34-year-olds who had not completed abachelor’s degree were living with their parent(s) while 27% were living with aspouse or partner. Among college graduates, in 2014 46% were married or living witha partner, and only 19% were living with their parent(s). Young adults with a collegedegree have fared much better in the labor market than their less-educated counterparts, which has in turn made it easier to establish their own households.36.Unemployed young men are more likely to live with their parents than the employed.37.In 2014, the percentage of men aged 18 to 34 living with their parents was greaterthan that of their female counterparts.38.The percentage of young people who are married or live with a partner has greatlydecreased in the past three decades or so.39.Around the mid-20th century, only 20 percent of 18- to 34-year-old lived in theirparents’h ome.40.Young adults with a college degree found it easier to live independently of theirparents.41.Young men are less likely to end up as single parents than young women.42.More young adult women live with their parents than before due to delayedmarriage.43.The percentage of young men who live with their parents has grown due to theirdecreased pay in recent decades.44.The rise in the number of college students made more young adults live with theirparents.45.One reason for young adults to live with their parents is that get married late orstay single all their lives.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of beinggood political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate thecorporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on womenand leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on keyleadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many sayingthey’r e stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, i’t s not that they lack toughness,management talent or proper skill sets.It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research andprevious survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhoodmay make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for topexecutive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrierfor women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women’s family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren’t more females in top leadershippositions in business and politics.Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a doublestandard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business,where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similarshares say the electorate选(民)and corporate America are just not ready to put morewomen in top leadership positions.As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporateAmerica will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made majoradvances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say i’t s only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.46.What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.47.What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.48.What is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?A) Personality traits.B) Gender bias.C) Family responsibilities.D) Lack of vacancies.49.What does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.50.What do most Americans expect to see soon on Americ’s apolitical stage?A) A woman in the highest position of government.B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.C) A majority of women voting for a female president.D) As many women in top government positions as men.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following s p s a a g e.People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining. 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries 1914 andThe results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914,Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average h eight of51.cm. Latvian women. Meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become thetallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, saysthe global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition andhealthcare.“A n individual ’s genetics has a big influence on their height, but once youaverage over whole populations, genetics plays a less key ro”l e h,e added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of ImperialCollege. “B eing taller is associatedwith longer life expectancy”,he said. “T his is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular( 心血管的 )disease among tallerpeople.”But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries ofnorth and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased inUganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years,with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.“O ne reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 198”0s,said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crisesthat followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children andteenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.Bentham believe the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “H ow tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in, ”hesaid.“I f we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier andmore productive for decades to come”.2014. What does the global study tell us about peop’l e s height in the last hundred years?A) There is a remarkable difference across continents.B) There has been a marked increase in most countries. C) Theincrease in people’s height has been quickening.D) The increase in women’s height is bigger than in men’s.52. What does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of peo’s plheeight?A) It counts less than generally thought.B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.C) It impacts more on an individual than on population.D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.53.What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A) They tend to live longer.B) They enjoy an easier life.C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.D) They have greater expectations in life.54.What do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.D) They have experienced many changes of government55. What does James Bentham suggest we do?A) Watch closely the global trend in children’s development.B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passagefrom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。
2019年大学英语四级模拟真题及答案4
Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points)1. A. Ann likes orange T-shirts best.B. Ann hates to wear an orange T-shirt in the daytime.C. Ann wears an orange T-shirt to keep mosquitoes away.D. The man doesn't like an orange T-shirt.2. A. To entertain himself. B. To go to other countries.C. To become more valuable.D. To broaden his mind.3. A. He turns a deaf ear to what the woman said. B. He agrees with the woman.C. He thinks the woman is thoughtless.D. He doesn't think she knows the direction.4. A. The car is not big enough. B. The car is not good enough.C. He only promised to buy a small car.D. He can't afford to buy the car.5. A. 350,000. B. 315,000.C. 3,500,000.D. 3,150,000.6. A. He will not take the shower before the meeting. B. He will not go to the meeting at all.C. He will have to attend the meeting.D. He will be late for the meeting again.7. A. He is in a bad mood. B. He is more efficient in writing.C. He enjoys himself more.D. He doesn't feel comfortable.8. A. He got to know it from government statistics. B. He found the fact on the Internet.C. Fie learned it from a gift book.D. He got the fact by studying in the library.9. A. He will persuade his parents.B. He will lie to his parents.C. He will go without his parents' permission.D. He will go somewhere else before going skiing.Section B ( 1 point each)10. A. How to take care of little babies.B. How to become qualified parents.C. A single parent should pay more attention to the baby's development.D. Many parents don't know how to help babies develop in intelligence.11 A. Watching them. B. Holding them.C. Reading to them.D. Playing with them.12. A. The first five months. B. The first year.C. The first three years.D. The first five years.13. A. She invited educational reformers to teach in her school.B. She invited teachers film Germany to work in her school.C. She went to Germany to find staff for her school.D. She asked famous scholars to teach the staff in her school.14. A. 29,670 B. 29,617C. 29,760D. 29,71615. A. They helped the poor children with donations.B. They persuaded the children to go to kindergartens.C. They taught the mothers how to teach their children.D. They taught children songs, poems and games.Section C16. What was the occupation of the advocator of the Metropolitan Museum of Art?17. Where is the present location of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City?18. Why have another six additional wings been built since 1975?19. The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known_________.20. Besides being a tourist attraction and an educational institution; the museum also serves as a place for_________.PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each )21. In spite of the efforts of those industrious farmers, the local economy is far from developed due to isolation.A. capableB. ingeniousC. innovativeD. hard-working22. Because of the struggle put up by the Women's Lib, many women have found good careers.A. initiatedB. proposedC. supportedD. terminated23. The performance of these new employees will highlight the role of positive thinking.A. confirmB. emphasizeC. enhanceD. enlighten24. Our family stood in silence for a minute looking at the amazingly beautiful photograph of a human flag.A. surprisinglyB. indescribablyC. permanentlyD. uniquely25. The decision to strengthen intelligence collection is expected to minimize military casualties.A. informationB. intellectC. brainD. wisdom26. To me, St. Francis embodied the ideal blend of spirituality and public service.A. compositionB. mixtureC. elaborationD. speculation27. In the wake of such findings, several states are rethinking their plan to open these camps.A. Based onB. PrecedingC. FollowingD. Targeted at28. The staggering sum of money invested in this project failed to yield the desired result.A. fluctuatingB. increasingC. diminishingD. overwhelming29. It made me ask questions about life, death and mortality that ultimately helped me get through the disaster.A. decisivelyB. eventuallyC. somewhatD. somehow30. At that moment the first idea that came to her mind was that a disaster was around the corner.A. coming to an endB. still in the airC. soon to happenD. out of the questionSection B (0.5 point each)31. Do your children worry that they might feel pressure to _______your hero's image?A. come up withB. live up toC. catch up onD. add up to32. In the worst times of life, you have to take full advantage of the beautiful things that _______.A. come along B, come by C. come across D. come to33. Being critical and dictatorial, the boss would _____ discussions and ignore comments not in agreement with his.A. facilitateB. illustrateC. illuminateD. dominate34. Anderson held out his arms to ______ the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm and dived.A. turn offB. ward offC. trigger offD. call off35. Her excellent _______ of English helped her communicate freely with foreign partners.A. standardB. criterionC. evaluationD. command36. Because colleges can't take all students with basic qualifications, ______ to college is competitive.A. admirationB. approachC. admissionD. assignment37. Helicopters rushed to where Shenzhou 5 _______ for the rescue of China's first astronaut.A. touched downB. turned downC. settled downD. shot down38. The Chinese have achieved a great deal, but difficulties and hardships will long ______.A. tolerateB. bearC. endureD. withhold39. The belief that it's healthy to let oft steam no longer ____, for we are working under heavy pressure.A. holdsB. carriesC. takesD. stands40. Handbags made of _______ leather are considered old-fashioned and poor in quality.A. systematicB. syntheticC. sympatheticD. statisticPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)People go to evening classes as they want new challenges. Some people choose courses 41 to learn new work-related skills to move their career in a new direction."Evening classes are a great way of 42 your skills or gaining new ones," says Jessica Rolphe, training and development adviser at the UK's Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.In some 43 , what starts as a hobby turns into a career. This is what happened to Ginny Jory, who did an evening course in photography while working for a newspaper about one year ago. During the course, not only was Jory learning all about photography, she also met other 44 photographers and realized it was a great networking 45 . “I discovered that a colleague from work was doing the same course and we became great friends. We 46 doing a millennium exhibition together.”Finally, Jory left her job and is now a full-time photographer of fashion and 47.However, anyone thinking of doing a course with a specific outcome in mind needs to be sure that it will 48 what they want before enrolling. “Do your research 49 advance," advises Rolphe. "'Make sure you are doing a course that really is 50 and that the institute you are doing it at is highly respected."41. A. separately B. spiritually C. specifically D. socially42. A. updating B. uprising C. uprooting D. upholding43. A. terms B. occasions C. consequences D. cases44. A. perspiring B. aspiring C. expiring D. conspiring45. A. specialty B. phase C. opportunity D. period46. A. gave in B. ended up C. ceased to D. resulted from47. A. qualifications B. characters C. portraits D. personalities48. A. deliver B. delight C. determine D. detect49. A. up B. for C. into D. in50. A. redundant B. reserved C. resolved D. relevantPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneThe worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of entertaining ourselves.A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pick up a violin and play it. Now, all he has to do is turn on the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music have declined.Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies are mostly a series of songs and dances wrapped around silly stories. As a result, they don't do much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed, ever since radio first came to life, there has been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world.There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain family or friends by himself ?These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail: They are historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two, we read simple books to them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf. We're alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo.I count myself extremely lucky to have been born before TV became so common. 1 was about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained, my mother had to do a good deal of singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language; they sang it, they recited it; it was something they could feel.Professional actors’performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own reading. Because it's mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke liberating. It is almost the only electronic thing that gives them back their own voice. Even if their voices are hoarse and hopelessly out of tune. At least it is meaningful self-entertainment.51. The main idea of this passage is that ____________.A. TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and musicB. TV and radio have weakened our interest in entertaining ourselvesC. people should not be too lazy or embarrassed to singD. parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children52. According to the passage, Italians _________.A. only sing songs in HollywoodB. are no longer fond of musicC. only sing and dance in villagesD. don't sing much nowadays53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the decline in amateur singing?A. It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV.B. People don't want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.C. Amateurs feel shy if they cannot sing as well as the professionals.D. Famous and talented musicians are always willing to entertain people:54. On hearing the voices of the famous writers of a long time past, the author was _______.A. very excitedB. very frightenedC. very nervousD. very surprised55. By stating “We are alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo", the author means _______.A. we come back to life at the music provided by the TV and the stereoB. we only perceive the music provided by the TV and the stereoC. we should sing more than listen to the TV and the stereoD. we should listen to more music on the TV and the stereo56. The author's attitude toward karaoke is ________.A. negativeB. positiveC. neutralD. indifferentPassage TwoIf those “mad moments”-- when you can't recall what your friend has told you or where you left your keys--are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help.Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. "'Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us have imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years," said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. "I'm convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program," he added.In his book, "The Memory Bible," the 51-year-old neuroscientist lists what he refers to as the 10 commandments for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, minimizing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. It's a game plan for keeping brain Cells sparking and neural networks in tip-top shape.“Misplacing your keys a couple of times doesn't mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back," he said.Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. According to him, simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look, snap and connect are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. “So if you want to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, maybe a prominent eyebrow,”said Small. “You associate the first thing that comes to mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create a mental snapshot of Warren Beatty kissing her brow.”Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing", he added.He also recommends physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, walnuts and Brazil nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants (抗氧化剂) including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress.57. The “mad moments” in the first paragraph refers to when we __________.A. have some mental problemsB. have lost our important thingsC. don't listen to what our friends tell us to doD. fail to remember what should be remembered58. In this passage, the author mainly tells us that __________.A. everyone can be forgetful sometimes regardless of one's ageB. we can prevent our sound mind from aging with certain methodsC. brain aging starts from the time when we are in our 20s and 30sD. memory loss is a sign that shows we are getting old59. According to this passage, ____________.A. the game plan for keeping brain cells sparking doesn't work for everyoneB. Dr. Small's memory tests can show you what to do about brain agingC. Dr. Small's advice can help us fight brain aging effectivelyD. our brains can reconstruct memories themselves60. In the fifth paragraph, the author mainly__________.A. provides us with the weapons for attacking othersB. introduces the tools that help us fight against memory lossC. tells us about the important things we should never forgetD. explains the facial features useful for us to remember people61. By saying “I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create .. her brow", Dr. Small is trying to explain how to use the memory tool of _________.A. impressing rapidlyB. minimizing stressC. connecting related thingsD. observing carefully62. According to Dr. Small, ____________________.A. left-handers may start brain aging later than right-handers doB. learning a foreign language does not help to keep our brain from getting oldC. doing crossword puzzles is the best way to keep us from memory lossD. mental exercises plus healthy diet alone cannot keep us from brain agingPassage ThreeThrough the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed considerably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understanding of what it is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the beginnings of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from the thoughts of reflective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Mao Tse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not only been there but tried with some fairness to speculate on paper about it.But tales and reflective observation are not enough except to convince us that leaders are physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how and who people lead, but it wasn't easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis have given us more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders have been conducted in the last seventy-five years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps more important, what distinguishes effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations from ineffective organizations.Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly inadequate explanation. Most of these definitions don't agree with each other, and many of them would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect fashions, political tides and academic trends. They don't always reflect reality and sometimes they just represent nonsense. It's as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership: “The only thing that matters in art is the part that cannot be explained.”Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Some looked at the leader. Some looked at the situation. None has stood the test of time. With such a track record, it is understandable why leadership research and theory have been so frustrating as to deserve the label “the La Brea Tar Pits” of organizational inquiry. Located in Los Angeles, these asphalt pits house the remains of a long sequenceof prehistoric animals that came to investigate but never left the area.63. In regard of leadership competencies, the author suggests that people have ________.A. believed in their existenceB. learned to apply them extensivelyC. found it very difficult to acquire themD. been unable to realize their importance64. Several big names are mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to show theirA. different styles of leadershipB. effective exercise of leadershipC. contributions to the theory of leadershipD. wisdom in applying the theory of leadership65. According to the author, people's opinions of leadership are on the whole quite_________.A. dividedB. originalC. misleadingD. sophisticated66. The author thinks that ______________.A. many people have labored to be leadersB. leaders are beyond our understandingC. the essence of leadership has not been graspedD. the definitions of leadership should vary67. “The La Brea Tar Pits” probably signifies things that____________.A. can be traced back to the prehistoric ageB. are traps for those who want to inquireC. are located in one place foreverD. don't deserve full investigation68. This passage is mainly concerned with _______________.A. the inconsistent theories of leadershipB. the famous leaders and their theoriesC. the changes in the trend of leadershipD. the inaccurate definitions of leadershipPassage FourWhen you leave a job with a traditional pension, don't assume you've lost the chance to collect it. You're entitled to whatever benefit you've earned – and you might even be entitled to take it now. "A lot of people forget they have it, or they think that by waiting until they're 65, they'll have a bigger benefit," says Wayne Bogosian, president of the PFE Group, which provides corporate pre-retirement education.Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is worth. If it's less than $5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout, it will generally close your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $5,000 invested over 20 years at eight percent interest is $23,000. If your pension is worth more than $5,000, or your company doesn't offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money you're eligible for at the plan's normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe penalty for collecting it early. You'll probably still come out ahead by taking the money now and investing it.What if you left a job years ago, and you're realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a pension? Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool that has helped locate $47 million in lost benefits for more than 12,000 workers.If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most people assume you take a proportional cut for leaving before your plan's normal retirement age. For example, you might think that if you need to accrue 30 years of service and you leave three years early, you'd get a pension 90 percent of the full amount.But that's not how it works. Instead, you take an actuarial reduction, determined by the employer but often around five percent a year, for each year you leave early. So retiring three years early could leave you with only 85 percent of the total amount.When you retire early with a defined-contribution plan, the problem is you start spending investments on which you could be earning interest. If you retire when you're 55, for example, and start using the traditional pension then, by age 65 you'll have only about half of what you would've had if you'd kept working until 65.69. When one leaves a job with a traditional pension, __________.A. he tends to forget that he has the pensionB. he has no right to ask for the pensionC. he'll have a bigger benefit than if he waits until the age of 65D. he has a specified worth of pension70. If the retiree's pension is less than $5,000, it is wise of him to________.A. ask the company for a lump-sum payoutB. require his former boss to figure out the value of his pensionC. take the pension with him and make a profit out of itD. collect the pension at his retirement plan's normal retirement age71. If one leaves early before his plan's normal retirement age, __________.A. he'll take 90 percent of the total amount of his pensionB. he'll have half of his pension paymentsC. he'll have his pension payment reduced by 5% a yearD. he'll have only 85 percent of his full pension72. If one retires early with a defined-contribution plan, he is expected to_________.A. earn less interestB. be better off than with a traditional pensionC. start investment immediatelyD. get less Social Security benefits73. Which of the following can be used as the subtitle for the last three paragraphs?A. Your Payout Is Not GuaranteedB. The Retirement DilemmaC. Leave Early, Lose BigD. Take the Pension with You74. Which of the following is NOT true?A. If one leaves 3 years early on a 30-year-service basis, he won't get a pension worth 27/30ths.B. It pays to get an early retirement if one understands how retirement pension plan works.C. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation helps the retiree to recover lost benefits.D. If one keeps his expenses within his retirement framework, he won't be severely affected.Passage FiveIn a landmark decision, U.S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema ruled November 23, 1998, in Mainstream Loudown v. Board of Trustees of the Loudown County Library that the use of blocking software to restrict internet access in public libraries is unconstitutional. Despite the library's claims that its actions were justified in the name of “protecting minors from harmful content,” Judge Brinkema ruled that the library could not reduce adult access to standards established for children.“The use of blocking software in libraries offends the guarantee of free speech," she ruled, and “constitutes a prior restraint”on all speech. The Loudown County X-Stop software blocked access to a wide range of websites, including those of Quakers, the conservative Heritage Foundation, and AIDS education groups, as well as information about banned books and safe sex.Relying on Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, Brinkema rejected arguments that the installation of such filtering devices constitutes "a library acquisition decision, to which the First Amendment does not apply." She pointed out that, since the library had originally provided uncensored Internet access and had then taken specific actions to limit it, the situation was analogous to the removal of library materials. The result, she said, was similar to "a collection of encyclopedias from which defendants have laboriously revised portions deemed unfit for library patrons."Although Brinkema's decision will have a major impact on the development of library policies nationwide, there is a crucial underlying problem that cannot be resolved through the legal process. Filtering software is created and produced by private companies that are quite eager and happy to make, all the decisions for us. And by purchasing and installing their products, we are agreeing to let them do just that. It is to these private companies we are surrendering selection and access to the Internet's hugedatabase of electronic information. This means that even the staffs at public libraries have no role in the selection process.The Washington Coalition Against Censorship's new original T-shirt design advocates the only solution we can trust to preserve our First Amendment liberties: “Use your brain: the filter you were born with.”75. The passage is mainly concerned with __________.A. whether it is legal to install computer software in public librariesB. whether libraries have to remove materials they consider harmfulC. what reading materials public libraries should provide to their patronsD. what kind of online services public libraries should offer their readers76. One of the defendant's arguments is that __________.A. the First Amendment does not apply to library purchasing decisionsB. certain materials have to be filtered to protect the ethnic minoritiesC. adults are guaranteed greater freedom to information than childrenD. the library intends to give their readers only healthy information77. Which of the following statements is NOT true of X-Stop software?A. It was purchased from a private commercial company.B. It denied both children and adults access to certain websites.C. It revised a certain portion of the encyclopedias in the library.D. Its installation in a county library was declared illegal by the court.78. Even after the 1998 court decision, the public still have to lace the fundamental problem of _____.A. giving up their freedom of speech on the internetB. having more restricted access to electronic informationC. not allowing the librarians to select reading materials for themD. letting the commercial companies decide what they would read79. The word "'uncensored" in the third paragraph probably means __________.A. freeB. timelyC. beneficialD. restricted80. According to the author, the decision about what is the best to read lies with__________.A. the librariansB. the individual citizensC. the governmentD. the legal courtsPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)Although the Bush administration has pledged its commitment to have Iraqis run their government on their own, peace and order will be long in coming. On one hand, Saddam remains unaccounted for. On the other hand, surging violence, cases of bloodshed, suicide bombings and people's taking to streets to protest have pledged the U.S. in an embarrassing situation. Recently, President Bush has made some remarks that appear intended to address criticism from the Democratic presidential candidates that top decision-makers failed to anticipate the mounting difficulties lying ahead. It's hoped that the UN can get actively involved in the reconstruction of this war-tom country and play a more positive role in finding a peaceful solution to problems confronting Iraqis.Section B考研的人在英语上花的时间远远多于其他学科，希望英语分数越高越好。
2019年英语专业四级听力考试真题
2019年英语专业四级听力考试真题The 2019 English major CET-4 listening test featured a variety of topics and question types designed to assess the listening skills of English learners. The test consisted of four sections, each with different question formats and topics.In the first section, test takers listened to a conversation between two or more people and answered multiple-choice questions about the main idea, details, and opinions expressed in the conversation. This section tested the ability to understand and interpret spoken English in a conversational context.The second section required test takers to listen to a monologue or lecture and answer multiple-choice questions about the main idea, details, and implications of the spoken text. This section tested the ability to understand and analyze longer spoken passages in English.The third section featured a dialogue or conversation in which speakers discussed a particular topic or issue. Test takers were asked to complete sentences or fill in blanks based on the information provided in the conversation. This section tested the ability to understand and infer meaning from spoken English in a dialogue format.The fourth and final section required test takers to listen to a series of short recordings and answer questions about the speakers' opinions, intentions, and emotions. This section tested the ability to understand spoken English in various contexts and styles.Overall, the 2019 English major CET-4 listening test was challenging but fair, providing test takers with the opportunity to demonstrate their listening comprehension skills in a variety of contexts. By practicing listening to a wide range of English material and familiarizing themselves with different question formats, English learners can improve their performance on future listening tests.。
2019年6月CET4真题(一)
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a visit to a local farm organized by your Student Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part H Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B'), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.B)He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.C)He visited a prison located on a faraway island.D)He swam around an island near San Francisco.2.A) He doubled the reward. C) He cheered him on all the way.B)He set him an example. D) He had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) To end the one-child policy. C) To increase working efficiency.B)To encourage late marriage. D) To give people more time to travel.4.A) They will not be welcomed by young people.B)They will help to popularize early marriage.C)They will boost China5s economic growth.D)They will not come into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B)Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D)Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6.A) It takes a lot of time to prepare. C) It makes party goers exhausted.B)It leaves the house in a mess. D) It creates noise and misconduct.四级2019年6月1四级2019年6月 2 7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.B) Visit the U. S. and Canada. Section BDirections ： In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He had a driving lesson.B) He got his driver's license.9. A) He was not well prepared.B) He did not get to the exam in time.10. A) They are tough.B) They are costly.11. A) Pass his road test the first time.B) Test-drive a few times on highways.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation yon have just heard.12. A) Where the woman studies.B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.13. A) Apply to an American university.B) Do research on higher education.14. A) His favorable recommendations.B) His outstanding musical talent.15. A) Do a master's degree.B) Settle down in England. Section CDirections ： In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.A)They are larger than many other species. B) They can cause damage to people's homes. A) Deny them access to any food. B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Settle a legal dispute. D) Expand their business.C) He took the driver's theory exam. D) He passed the driver's road test. C) He was not used to the test format. D) He did not follow the test procedure. C) They are helpful. D) They are too short. C) Find an experienced driving instructor. D) Earn enough money for driving lessons. C) Leeds' tuition for international students. D) How to apply for studies at a university. C) Perform in a famous musical. D) Pursue postgraduate studies. C) His academic excellence. D) His unique experience. C) Travel widely. D) Teach overseas. 16. C) They can survive a long time without water. D) They like to form colonies in electrical units. C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.17. 18.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) The function of the human immune system.B)The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C)The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D)The change in people's immune system as they get older.20.A) Report their illnesses. C) Act as research assistants.B)Offer blood samples. D) Help to interview patients.21.A) Strengthening people's immunity to infection.B)Better understanding patients* immune system.C)Helping improve old people's health conditions.D)Further reducing old patients5 medical expenses.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C)His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23.A) Visit a chess team in Nashville. C) Participate in a national chess competition.B) Join the schooFs chess team. D) Receive training for a chess competition.24.A) Most of them come from low-income families.B)Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D)Many became chess coaches after graduation.25.A) Actions speak louder than words. C) Translate their words into action.B) Think twice before taking action. D) Take action before it gets too late.Part H Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming to life.In a 27 to take production back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state the best place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on the road. ':宀“Michigan's 29 in auto research and development is under attack from several states and countries which desire to ・30 our leadership in transportation. We can't let that happen,w says Senator Mike Kowall, the lead , 31 of four bills recently introduced.四级2019年6月3If all four bills pass as written, they would 32 a substantial update of Michigan's 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturers would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of selfdriving cars on cross-state road trips, and even set up on-demand 33 of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building.Lawmakers in Michigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of selfdriving technology. In 34 , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more35 rules that would require human drivers be ready to take the wheel, and ban commercial use of self-driving technology.Section BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A)Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians (百岁老人).Worldwide, probably 450,000. If currenttrends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the US in 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B)Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health andpension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to address them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for 100 years. It is a mistake to simply equate longevity (长寿)with issues of old age. Longer lives have implications for all of life, not just the end of it.C)Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this will result in aninevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that "70 is the new 60" or "40 the new 30." If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.D)But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such asbuying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were married by age 21. By 2014, that milestone (里程碑)had shifted to age 29.E)While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor surely a growing realization for the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. So if you believe you will live四级2019年6月4longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomes less attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F)Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people areprepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s； and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmful to cognitive(认知的)and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G)And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stageof full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.H)The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood andearly adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I)It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three,or even more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a social contribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provide a foundation for building a wide variety of skills.J)Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals (休假)as people find time to rest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times, these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K)A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also in your approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why being self-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L)These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply because there are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M)With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. In a three-stage life, people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60； a manager at 30, 50, or 70 ； and become an independent producer at any age.N） Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune with the emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed by continuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents, but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to miss its full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer, being older later, and being younger longer.四级2019年6月536.An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37.Just extending one's career may have both positive and negative effects.38.Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39.Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of their parents orgrandparents.40.Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21 st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people's approach to life.42.Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43.Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental and emotional well-being.44.The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45.People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow（誓约），couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife—not the husband— becomes seriously ill."Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,w said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset（发生）of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence of new chronic（，慢?性＞的）illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems."We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness," Karraker said. "They're more likely to be widowed, and if they're the ones who become ill, they're，more likely to get divorced."While the study didn't assess why divorce is more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. 4<Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving may make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses," Karraker said. "And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women."Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.K Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages," she said. "But it's also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs. ”四级2019年6月646.What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A)They may not guarantee a lasting marriage. C) They are not taken seriously any more.B)They are as binding as they used to be. D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47.What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A)They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B)They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C)They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D)They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48.What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A)They are more likely to be widowed. C) They are less likely to receive good care.B)They are more likely to get divorced. D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49.Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A)They are more accustomed to receiving care.B)They find it more important to make money for the family.C)They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D)They expect society to do more of the job.50.What does Karraker think is also important?A)Reducing marital stress on wives. C) Providing extra care for divorced women.B)Stabilizing old couples5 relations. D) Making men pay for their wives' health costs. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the followii^ passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling's (兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive (认知的)error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition,found that the “wrong" name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond： children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, "but it does tell us who's in and who's out of the group."四级2019年6月7The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students；others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person's name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51・ How might people often feel when they were misnamed?A) Unwanted. B) Unhappy. C) Confused. D) Indifferent.52・ What did David Rubin's research find about misnaming?A)It is related to the way our memories work.B)It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C)It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D)It often causes misunderstandings among people.53.What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A)Similar personality traits. C) Similar physical appearance.B)Similar spellings of names. D) Similar pronunciation of names.54.What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A)It more often than not hurts relationships.B)It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C)It is most frequently found in extended families.D)It most often occurs within a relationship group.55.Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A)They suffer more frustrations. C) They communicate more with their children.B)They become worn out more often. D) They generally take on more work at home.Part K Translation (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2,000多年历史。
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题(完整版)及答案
大学英语四级真题及答案(第一套)Part I Writing (25 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2019年12月 四级真题及答案
2019年12月英语四级听力真题原文及答案News report 11）New York City police captured a cow on the loose in Prospect Park onTuesday after the animal became an attraction for tourists while walking along the streets and enjoying the park facilities. The confused creature and camera-holding humans stared at each other through a fence for several minutes. At other times the cow wandered around the 526 acre park and the artificial grass field normally used for human sporting events. Officers use soccer goals to fence the animal in. However, the cow then moved through one of the nets knocking down a police officer in the process. Police eventually trapped the cow between two vehicles parked on either side of a baseball field’s bench area. An officer then shot an arrow to put it t o sleep. Then officers waited for the drug to take effect. After it fell asleep they loaded the cow into a horse trailer. It was not clear where the cow came from or how it got lost. 2）Police turned it over to the animal control department after they caught it.一头奶牛于周二出现在公园里，警察最终抓住了它并将其送还至动物管理局。
2019年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷word精品文档33页
2000年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations.At the end of each conversation, a question will be askedabout what was said. Both the conversation and the questionwill be spoken only once. After each question there willbe a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finishat 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) She is not interested in the article.B) She has given the man much trouble.C) She would like to have a copy of the article.D) She doesn’t want to take the trouble to read the article.2. A) He saw the big tower he visited on TV.B) He has visited the TV tower twice.C) He has visited the TV tower once.D) He will visit the TV tower in June.3. A) The woman regrets having taken up much of the professor’s time.B) The woman regrets having taken up much of the professor’s time.C) The woman knows the professor has been busy.D) The woman knows the professor has run into trouble.4. A) He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B) He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the job.C) He thinks the pay is too low to support his family.D) He wants to spend more time with his family.5. A) The man thought the essay was easy.B) They both had a hard time writing the essay.C) The woman thought the essay was easy.D) Neither of them has finished the assignment yet.6. A) In the park.B) Between two buildings.C) In his apartment.D) Under a huge tree.7. A) It’s awfully dull.B) It’s really exciting.C) It’s very exhausting.D) It’s quite challenging.8. A) A movie.B) A lecture.C) A play.D) A speech.9. A) The weather is mild compared to the past years.B) They are having the coldest winter ever.C) The weather will soon get warmer.D) The weather may get even colder.10. A) A mystery story.B) The hiring of a shop assistant.C) The search for a reliable witness.D) An unsolved case of robbery.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both thepassage and the questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer fromthe four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Passage oneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) They want to change the way English is taught.B) They learn English to find well-paid jobs.C) They want to have an up-to-date knowledge of English.D) They know clearly what they want to learn.12. A) Professionals.B) College students.C) Beginners.D) Intermediate learners.13. A) Courses for doctors.B) Courses for businessmen.C) Courses for reporters.D) Courses for lawyers.14. A) Three groups of learners.B) The importance of business English.C) English for Specific Purposes.D) Features of English for different purposes.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) To show off their wealth.B) To feel good.C) To regain their memory.D) To be different from others.16. A) To help solve their psychological problems.B) To play games with them.C) To send them to the hospital.D) To make them aware of its harmfulness.17. A) They need care and affection.B) They are fond of round-the-world trips.C) They are mostly form broken families.D) They are likely to commit crimes.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) Because it was too heavy.B) Because it did not bend easily.C) Because it did not shoot far.D) Because its string was short.19. A) It went out of use 300 years ago.B) It was invented after the short bow.C) It was discovered before fire and the wheel.D) It’s still in use today.20. A) They are accurate and easy to pull.B) Their shooting range is 40 yards.C) They are usually used indoors.D) They took 100 years to develop.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the center.21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we haveto ________ it.A) postponeB) refuseC) delayD) cancel22. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you________ you need.A) all the informationB) all the informationC) all of informationD) all of the information23. Not until the game had begun ________ at the sports ground.A) had he arrivedB) would he have arrivedC) did he arriveD) should he have arrived24. Young people are not ________ to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate in.A) conservativeB) contentC) confidentD) generous25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticizedand argue that the power of the medium is ________.A) grantedB) impliedC) exaggeratedD) remedied26. These surveys indicate that many crimes go ________ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them.A) unrecordedB) to be unrecordedC) unrecordingD) to have been unrecorded27. I have no objection ________ your story again.A) to hearB) to hearingC) to having heardD) to have heard28. The clothes a person wears may express his ________ or socialposition.A) curiosityB) statusC) determinationD) significance29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have ________opportunity to change his mind.A) accurateB) urgentC) excessiveD) adequate30. You will see this product ________ wherever you go.A) to be advertisedB) advertisedC) advertiseD) advertising31. The early pioneers had to ________ many hardships to settle on thenew land.A) go along withB) go back onC) go throughD) go into32. The suggestion that the major ________ the prizes was accepted byeveryone.A) would presentB) presentC) presentsD) ought to present33. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, ________overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A) whoseB) whichC) thatD) what34. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested ________ at the nexttown.A) to stopB) stoppingC) stopD) having stopped35. I didn’t know the word. I had to ________ a dictionary.A) look outB) make outC) refer toD) go over36. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds ________ hisarguments in favour of the new theory.A) to be based onB) to base onC) which to base onD) on which to base37. There are signs ________ restaurants are becoming more popularwith families.A) thatB) whichC) in whichD) whose38. I think I was at school, ________ I was staying with a friendsduring the vacation when I heard the news.A) or elseB) and thenC) or soD) even so39. It is said that the math teacher seems ________ towards brightstudents.A) partialB) beneficialC) preferableD) liable40. In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took________ trouble over the figures.A) extensiveB) spareC) extraD) supreme41. —“May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clocktonight?”—“I’m sorry. Mr. Williams ________ to a conference long before then.”A) will have goneB) had goneC) would have goneD) has gone42. You ________ him so closely; you should have kept your distance.A) shouldn’t followB) mustn’t followC) couldn’t’ have been followingD) shouldn’t have been following43. The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and oftraining and retraining schemes, ________ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A) have allowedB) allowC) allowingD) allows44. Everybody ________ in the hall where they were welcomed by thesecretary.A) assembledB) accumulatedC) piledD) joined45. Putting in a new window will ________ cutting away part of the roof.A) includeB) involveC) containD) comprise46. Living in the western part of the country has its problems,________ obtaining fresh water is not the least.A) with whichB) for whichC) of whichD) which47. In the ________ of the project not being a success, the investorsstand to lose up to $30 million.A) faceB) timeC) eventD) course48. The manager would rather his daughter ________ in the same office.A) had not workedB) not to workC) does not workD) did not work49. ________, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A) Although much he likes herB) Much although he likes herC) As he likes her muchD) Much as he likes her50. The British constitution is ________ a large extent a product ofthe historical events described above.A) withinB) toC) byD) atPart III Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees’ errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The averagedistance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, football’s international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.He also says that FIFA’s insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.51. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupB) analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC) set a standard for football refereeingD) reexamine the rules for football refereeing52. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was________.A) slightly above averageB) higher than in the 1998 World CupC) quite unexpectedD) as high as in a standard match53. The findings of the experiment show that ________.A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer theerrorsC) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errorsoccurD) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot54. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to________.A) the researchers involved in the experimentB) the inspectors of the football tournamentC) the referees of the football tournamentD) the observers at the site of the experiment55. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football refereeis 45.B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a footballreferee.C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poorphysical condition.Passage TwoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many states—at least in getting people off welfare. It’s estimated that more than 2 million people have left the rolls since 1994.In the past four years, welfare rolls in Athens Country have been cut in half. But 70 percent of the people who left in the past tow years took jobs that paid less than $6 an hour. The result: The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30 percent—twice the national average.For advocates (代言人) for the poor, that’s an indication much more needs to be done.“More people are getting jobs, but it’s not making their lives any better,”says Kathy Lairn, a policy analyst at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities in Washington.A center analysis of US Census data nationwide found that between 1995 and 1996, a greater percentage of single, female-headed households were earning money on their own, but that average income for these households actually went down.But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.“Welfare was a poison. It was a toxin (毒素) that was poisoning the family,” says Robert Rector, a welfare-reform policy analyst. “The reform in changing the moral climate in low-income communities. It’s beginning to rebuild the work ethic (道德观), which is much more important.”Mr. Rector and others argued that once “the habit of dependency is cracked,”then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving living standards.56. From the passage, it can be seen that the author ________.A) believes the reform has reduced the government’s burdenB) insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poorC) is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reformD) considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful57. Why aren’t people enjoying better lives when they have jobs?A) Because many families are divorced.B) Because government aid is now rare.C) Because their wages are low.D) Because the cost of living is rising.58. What is worth noting from the example of Athens County is that________.A) greater efforts should be made to improve people’s livingstandardsB) 70 percent of the people there have been employed for two yearsC) 50 percent of the population no longer relies on welfareD) the living standards of most people are going down59. From the passage we know that welfare reform aims at ________.A) saving welfare fundsB) rebuilding the work ethicC) providing more jobsD) cutting government expenses60. According to the passage before the welfare reform was carried out,________.A) the poverty rate was loverB) average living standards were higherC) the average worker was paid higher wagesD) the poor used to rely on government aidPassage ThreeQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.61. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety andindividuality ________.A) still judge a man by his clothesB) hold the uniform in such high regardC) enjoy having a professional identityD) will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform62. People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform ________.A) suggests quality workB) discards his social identityC) appears to be more practicalD) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes63. The chief function of a uniform is to ________.A) provide practical benefits to the wearerB) make the wearer catch the pubic eyeC) inspire the wearer’s confidence in himselfD) provide the wearer with a professional identity64. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms ________.A) are usually helpfulB) have little or no individual freedomC) tend to lose their individualityD) enjoy greater popularity65. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) Uniforms and SocietyB) The Importance of Wearing a UniformC) Practical Benefits of Wearing a UniformD) Advantages and Disadvantages of UniformsPassage FourQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human condition is our tendency to give and receive support from one another under stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles (困难). People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off (挡开) illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others despite our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Engaging in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same timedistracting (转移…注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support—financial aid, material resources, and needed services—that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.66. Interpersonal relationships are important because ________.A) they are indispensable to people’s social well-beingB) they awaken people’s desire to exchange resourcesC) they help people to cope with life in the information eraD) they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart disease, etc67. Research shows that people’s physical and mental health ________.A) relies on the social welfare systems which support themB) has much to do with the amount of support they get from othersC) depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troublesD) is closely related to their strength for coping with majorchanges in their lives68. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word“cushions” (Line 1, Para. 2)?A) Adds up to.B) Does away with.C) Lessens the effect of.D) Lays the foundation for.69. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of________.A) instrumental supportB) informational supportC) social companionshipD) the strengthening of self-respect70. Social companionship is beneficial in that ________.A) it helps strengthen our ties with relativesB) it enables us to eliminate our faults and mistakesC) it makes our leisure-time activities more enjoyableD) it draws our attention away from our worries and troublesPart IV Translation (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, there are four items, each consisting of one or two sentences for you to translate into Chinese.These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages youhave just read in Part Three of Test Paper One. You shouldrefer back to the passages so as to identify their meaningsin the context.S1. (Lines 1-2, Para. 1, Passage 1)Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team.S2. (Lines 1-2, Para. 6, Passage 2)But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.S3. (Lines 5-6, Para. 2, Passage 3)What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform?S4. (Lines 3-4, Para. 1, Passage 4)Social support consists of the exchange of resources among people based on their inter personal ties.Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to writea composition on the topic Is a Test of Spoken EnglishNecessary?The first sentence has already been written foryou. You should write at least 100 words, and base yourcompetition on the outline given in Chinese below:1. 很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是…2. 也有人持不同意见，...3. 我的看法和打算Is a Test of Spoken English NecessaryA test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET)2000年6月四级参考答案Part IPart IIPart IIIS1. 1998年世界杯足球赛早已尘埃落定，但失望的球迷们仍在责骂那些颇有争议的判罚，声称正是那些判罚使他们的球队没能获胜。
201912月四级英语考试真题
201912月四级英语考试真题The 2019 December CET-4 examination has just ended, and students all over China are eagerly awaiting their results. As one of the most important English proficiency tests for Chinese learners, the CET-4 exam is known for its challenging and comprehensive content. Let's take a look at some of the questions that appeared on this year's exam:Listening Section:1. What is the main topic of the lecture?A. The history of the internetB. The benefits of social mediaC. The impact of technology on societyD. The popularity of online shoppingReading Section:2. According to the passage, why are bees an important part of our ecosystem?A. They produce honeyB. They help pollinate plantsC. They are a source of food for other animalsD. They are easily domesticatedWriting Section:3. Write an essay about the impact of globalization on culture. Provide examples to support your argument.Overall, the 2019 December CET-4 exam was a challenging test of students' English proficiency. From listening to reading and writing, students were tested on their ability to understand and communicate in English. Hopefully, all the hard work and preparation will pay off for those who took the exam. Best of luck to all the students awaiting their results!。
201912月四级英语考试真题
201912月四级英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The 2019 December CET-4 exam was held on a Sunday morning in various test centers across China. Thousands of students, both from universities and language training institutions, sat for the test with hopes of improving their English proficiency and achieving a better score than before. The exam consisted of Listening, Reading, and Writing sections, with each section testing different aspects of English language skills.The Listening section featured a variety of listening exercises, including conversations, radio broadcasts, and speeches. Students had to listen carefully and answer questions based on the information they heard. The difficulty level of the listening exercises varied, with some questions requiring a deep understanding of the context and others testing more basic listening skills.The Reading section of the exam included a mix of passages, ranging from short articles to longer essays. The topics covered a wide range of subjects, from science and technology to historyand culture. Students had to read the passages carefully and answer questions about the main ideas, details, and vocabulary.The Writing section of the exam required students to write an essay on a given topic. The topics were usually broad and allowed students to express their opinions and ideas. Some popular topics in the past have included environmental protection, the impact of technology on society, and the importance of education.Overall, the 2019 December CET-4 exam posed a fair challenge to students, testing their listening, reading, and writing skills in English. Students prepared diligently for the exam, reviewing grammar, vocabulary, and practice exams in the weeks leading up to the test. After the exam, students anxiously awaited their scores, hoping to see an improvement from their previous attempts and taking another step towards achieving their language learning goals.篇2December 2019 CET-4 ExaminationThe December 2019 College English Test Level 4 (CET-4) took place on December 14th across China. The CET-4 exam is one of the most important English examinations for Chinesestudents, testing their comprehensive English language skills in listening, reading, writing, and translating.This year's exam consisted of four sections. The first section was listening comprehension, where students had to listen to a series of recordings and answer multiple-choice questions. The second section was reading comprehension, which included passages that tested students' ability to understand and analyze written English. The third section was writing, where students had to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time limit. Finally, the last section was translation, where students had to translate a short passage from Chinese to English.The exam was known to cover a wide range of topics, including technology, environment, education, and society. Students had to demonstrate their proficiency in vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure throughout the exam.Overall, the December 2019 CET-4 exam was considered challenging by many students. The listening section was noted to be particularly difficult due to the fast pace of the recordings. The reading comprehension section was also challenging, with some students struggling to grasp the main ideas of the passages.Despite the difficulties, many students expressed confidence in their performance in the exam. They had prepared extensively by studying vocabulary, grammar rules, and practicing past exam papers.The results of the December 2019 CET-4 exam are expected to be announced in the coming weeks. Students are eagerly awaiting their scores, as the CET-4 certificate is widely recognized and valued by employers and universities in China.In conclusion, the December 2019 CET-4 exam tested students on a wide range of English language skills, challenging them to demonstrate proficiency in listening, reading, writing, and translating. The exam was considered difficult by many students, but they remain hopeful for positive results.篇3The December 2019 CET-4 exam was administered on December 14th in various test centers across China. This highly anticipated exam is taken by millions of Chinese students every year in pursuit of improving their English proficiency. The exam consists of listening, reading, writing, and translation sections, each designed to test the students' knowledge and understanding of the English language.In the listening section, test takers are required to listen to a series of recordings and answer multiple choice questions based on the content. This section tests the students' ability to comprehend spoken English in various accents and contexts. It is crucial for students to practice listening regularly in order to perform well in this section.The reading section is perhaps the most challenging part of the exam. Students are required to read a series of passages and answer questions that test their understanding of the text. The passages cover a wide range of topics, including science, history, and literature. It is important for students to not only understand the main ideas of the passages but also to be able to infer information from the text.The writing section requires students to write an essay on a given topic within a specific time limit. This section tests the students' ability to express their thoughts and ideas in written English. Students must be able to organize their ideas coherently and use appropriate vocabulary and grammar.The translation section tests the students' ability to translate sentences from Chinese to English and vice versa. This section requires a strong understanding of both languages and a good grasp of grammar and vocabulary.Overall, the December 2019 CET-4 exam was challenging but fair. It tested the students' abilities in various aspects of the English language and provided a good opportunity for them to showcase their skills. It is important for students to continue practicing and improving their English proficiency in order to excel in future exams.。
2019年大学英语四级考试真题(含答案解析)
2019 年大学英语四级考试真题(含答案解析)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news report to your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your Student Union to assist elderly people in the neighborhood.You should writeat least 120 words but no more than180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ）, B), C) andD).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answ er Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)He set a record be swimming to and from an island.B) H e celebrated ninth birthday on a small island.C) H e visited a prison located on a faraway island.D) H e swam around an island near San Francisco.2.A)He doubled the reward.B) H e cheered him on all the way.C) H e set him an example.D) H e had the event covered on TV.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)To end the one-child policy.B) T o encourage late marriage.C) T o increase working efficiency.D) T o give people more time to travel.4.A)They will not be welcomed by young people.B)They will help to popularize early marriage.C) T hey will boost China ’s ecoo n mic growth.D) T hey will not com into immediate effect.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.B) T wo ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.D) C leaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.6.A)It takes a lot of time to prepare.B)It leaves the house in a mess.C) I t makes party goers exhausted.D) I t creates noise and misconduct.7.A)Hire an Australian lawyer.B) V isit the U.S. and Canada.C) S ettle a legal dispute.D) E xpand their business.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ），B ），C)andD). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)He had a driving lesson.B) H e got his driver ’ s license.C) H e took the driver ’ s theory exam.D) H e passed the driver ’ s road test.9.A)He was not well prepared.B) H e did not get to the exam in time.C) H e was not used to the test format.D) H e did not follow the test procedure.10.A)They are tough.B) T hey are costly.C) T hey are helpful.D) T hey are too short.11.A)Pass his road test the first time.B)Test-drive a few times on highways.C)Find an experienced driving instructor.D)Earn enough money for driving lessons.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Where the woman studies.B) T he acceptance rate at Leeds.C) L eeds’ tuition for international students.D) H ow to apply for studies at a university.13.A)Apply to an American university.B) D o research on higher education.C) P erform in a famous musical.D) P ursue postgraduate studies.14.A)His favorable recommendations.B)His outstanding musical talent.C) H is academic excellence.D) H is unique experience.15. A) Do a master ’ s degree.B) Settle down in England.C) Travel widely.D) Teach overseas.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just hear d.16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.17. A) They are larger than many other species.B) They can cause damage to people ’ s homes.C) They can survive a long time without water.D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.18. A) Deny them access to any food.B) Keep doors and windows shut.C) Destroy their colonies close by.D) Refrain from eating sugary food.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) The function of the human immune system.B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.D) The change in people ’s i mmune system as they get older.20. A) Report their illnesses.B) Offer blood samples.C) Act as research assistants.D) Help to interview patients.21. A) Strengthening people ’ s immunity to infection.B) Better understanding patients ’immune system.C) Helping improve old people ’ s health conditions.D) Further reducing old patients ’m edical expenses.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.B) Join the school ’ s chess team.C) Participate in a national chess competition.D) Receive training for a chess competition.24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.B) Many have become national chess champions.C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.25. A) Actions speak louder than words.B) Think twice before taking action.C) Translate their words into action.D) Take action before it gets too late.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passagethroughcarefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark thecorresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not useany of the words in the bank more than once．The center of American automobile innovation has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. Ithas 26 from Detroit to Silicon Valley, where self-driving vehicles are coming into life. In a 27 to takeproduction back to Detroit, Michigan lawmakers have introduced 28 that could make their state thebest place in the country, if not the world, to develop self-driving vehicles and put them on theroad. “Michigan ’2s9 in auto research and development is under attack from several states andcountries which desire to 30 our leadership in transportation. We can ’ t let happen, ” says Senator Mik Kowall, the lead 31 of four bills recently introduced. If all four bills pass as written, they would 32 asubstantial update of Michigan ’2s013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limitedconditions. Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self-driving technology on publicroads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driving cars on cross-state road trips, and even seton-demand 33 of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building. Lawmakers inMichigan clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial application of self-driving technology.In 34 , California, home of Silicon Valley, recently proposed far more 35 rules that would requirehuman drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self-driving technology.A) bidB) contrastC) deputyD) dominanceE) fleetsF) knotsG) legislationH) migratedI) replaceJ) representk) restrictiveL) rewardM) significantN) sponsorO) transmittedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Work Will Change When Most of Us Live to 100A) Today in the United States there are 72,000 centenarians（百岁老人）.Worldwide, Probably450,000. If current trends continue, then by 2050 there will be more than a million in the US alone. According to the work of Professor James Vaupel and his co-researchers, 50% of babies born in the USin 2007 have a life expectancy of 104 or more. Broadly the same holds for the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada, and for Japan 50% of 2007 babies can expect to live to 107.B) Understandably, there are concerns about what this means for public finances given the associated health and pension challenges. These challenges are real, and society urgently needs to a ddress them. But it is also important to look at the wider picture of what happens when so many people live for100 years. It is a mistake to simply equatelongevity( 长寿) with issues of old age. Longer lives haveimplications for all of life, not just the end of it.C) Our view is that if many people are living for longer, and are healthier for longer, then this willresult in an inevitable redesign of work and life. When people live longer, they are not only older for longer, but also younger for longer. There is some truth in the saying that “70 is the new 60 or “”40 the new 30. ”If you age more slowly over a longer time period, then you are in some sense younger for longer.D) But the changes go further than that. Take, for instance, the age at which people make commitments such as buying a house, getting married, having children, or starting a career. These are all fundamental commitments that are now occurring later in life. In 1962, 50% of Americans were marriedby age 21. By 2014, that milestone(里程碑)had shifted to age 29.E) While there are numerous factors behind these shifts, one factor is surely a growing realizationfor the young that they are going to live longer. Options are more valuable the longer they can be held. Soif you believe you will live longer, then options become more valuable, and early commitment becomesless attractive. The result is that the commitments that previously characterized the beginning of adulthood are now being delayed, and new patterns of behavior and a new stage of life are emerging for those in their twenties.F) Longevity also pushes back the age of retirement, and not only for financial reasons. Yes, unless people are prepared to save a lot more, our calculations suggest that if you are now in your mid-40s, then you are likely to work until your early 70s; and if you are in your early 20s, there is a real chance you will need to work until your late 70s or possibly even into your 80s. But even if people are able to economically support a retirement at 65, over thirty years of potential inactivity is harmfulto cognitive(认知的) and emotional vitality. Many people may simply not want to do it.G) And yet that does not mean that simply extending our careers is appealing. Just lengthening that second stage of full-time work may secure the financial assets needed for a 100-year life, but such persistent work will inevitably exhaust precious intangible assets such as productive skills, vitality, happiness, and friendship.H) The same is true for education. It is impossible that a single shot of education, administered in childhood and early adulthood, will be able to support a sustained, 60-year career. If you factor in the projected rates of technological change, either your skills will become unnecessary, or your industry outdated. That means that everyone will, at some point in their life, have to make a number of major reinvestments in their skills.I) It seems likely, then, that the traditional three-stage life will evolve into multiple stages containing two, three, or oven more different careers. Each of these stages could potentially be different. In one the focus could be on building financial success and personal achievement, in another on creating a better work/life balance, still another on exploring and understanding options more fully, or becoming an independent producer, yet another on making a sociaContribution. These stages will span sectors, take people to different cities, and provideFoundation for building a wide variety of skills.J) Transitions between stages could be marked with sabbaticals(休假) as people find timrest and recharge their health, re-invest in their relationships, or improve their skills. At times,these breaks and transitions will be self-determined, at others they will be forced as existing roles, firms, or industries cease to exist.K）A multi-stage life will have profound changes not just in how you manage your career, but also inyour approach to life. An increasingly important skill will be your ability to deal with change and even welcome it. A three-stage life has few transitions, while a multi-stage life has many. That is why beingself-aware, investing in broader networks of friends, and being open to new ideas will become even more crucial skills.L）These multi-stage lives will create extraordinary variety across groups of people simply becausethere are so many ways of sequencing the stages. More stages mean more possible sequences.M ）With this variety will come the end of the close association of age and stage. I n a three-stage life,people leave university at the same time and the same age, they tend to start their careers and family at the same age, they proceed through middle management all roughly the same time, and then move into retirement within a few years of each other. In a multi-stage life, you could be an undergraduate at 20, 40, or 60; a manager at 30, 50, or 70; and become an independent producer at any age.N）Current life structures, career paths, educational choices, and social norms are out of tune withthe emerging reality of longer lifespans. The three-stage life of full-time education, followed bycontinuous work, and then complete retirement may have worked for our parents or even grandparents,but it is not relevant today. We believe that to focus on longevity as primarily an issue of aging is to missits full implications. Longevity is not necessarily about being older for longer. It is about living longer,being older later, and being younger longer.36. An extended lifespan in the future will allow people to have more careers than now.37. Just extending one ’ s career may have both positive and negative effects.38. Nowadays, many Americans have on average delayed their marriage by some eight years.39. Because of their longer lifespan, young people today no longer follow the pattern of life of theirparents or grandparents.40. Many more people will be expected to live over 100 by the mid-21st century.41. A longer life will cause radical changes in people ’ s approach to life.42. Fast technological change makes it necessary for one to constantly upgrade their skills.43. Many people may not want to retire early because it would do harm to their mental andemotional well-being.44. The close link between age and stage may cease to exist in a multi-stage life.45. People living a longer and healthier life will have to rearrange their work and life.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.In the classic marriage vow（誓约）, couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But anew study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“ Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with theimpact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce, said researcher Ame”lia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a studyconducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partnerswas over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onse（t 发生）of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages.They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over the period studied. The incidence ofnew chronic（慢性的）illness onset increased over time as will, with more husbands than wives developingserious health problems.“ We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break -up in the face of illness, Karrake”rsaid. “ They’ re more likely to be widowed, and i f they ’ re the noes who become ill, they ’ re mor get divorced. ”While the study didn ’a t ssesswhy divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands becomeseriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “ Gendernorms and social expectations aboutcaregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spo uses, ”Karraker said. “ Andbecause of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women. ”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“ Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages, she sai”d. “But it a’lso s important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs. ”46. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage?A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.47. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands?A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.48. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill?A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.49. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker?A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.50. What does Karraker think is also important?A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples ’ s relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.D) Making men pay for their wives health’costs.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by asibling s(’兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less?Probably not. According to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming the most familiar people in our life is a common cognitive ( 认知的)error that has to do with how our memoriesclassify and store familiar names.The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition,found that the “wrong”name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to themistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “b ut it does tell us who ’ s in and who ’ s out of the group. ”The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial orinternal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not afactor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveysincluded only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjectsabout incidents where someone close to them —family or friend —had called them by another person ’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to themby the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make thismistake and men as likely as women. Older people and this mistake and men as likely as women. Olderpeople and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents havemore grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children moreoften than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred morewhen the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.51. H ow might people often feel when they were misnamed?A)Unwanted.B)Unhappy.C)Confused.D)Indifferent.52. W hat did David Rubin ’ s research find about misnaming?A) I t is related to the way our memories work.B) I t is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C) I t occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D) I t often causes misunderstandings among people.53. What is most likely the cause of misnaming?A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.54. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming?A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship groups.55. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers?A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.D) They generally take on more work at home.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.01【真题原文】剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式。
CET4《英语四级》真题及答案
2011年6月大学英语四(CET-4)级真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:Online Shopping1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine(烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs(厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chef such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the war, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations(配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurant are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱)of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while other are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditional and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particulary. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards(牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples(主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance(原产地). "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Brutishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dished to the table and offer individual plates for each dinner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries(烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred(神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."1. What is British food generally known for?A) Its unique flavor. B) Its bad taste.C) Its special cooking methods D) Its organic ingredients.2. The Second World War led to ____ in Britain.A) an inadequate supply of food B) a decrease of grain productionC) an increase in food import D) a change in people's eating habits3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighboring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?A) Its food lacked variety. B) Its people cared more for quantity.C) It was short of well-trained chefs. D) It didn't have flavorful food ingredients.4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appeal to the tastes of ____.A) most young people B) elderly British dinersC) all kinds of overseas visitors D) upper-class customers5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?A) Authentic classic cuisine. B) Locally produced ingredients.C) New ideas and presentations. D) The return of home-style dishes.6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ____.A) benefit people's health B) look beautiful and invitingC) be offered at reasonable prices D) maintain British traditional tastes7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?A) They appeal to people from all over the world. B) They are produced on excellent organic forms.C) They are processed in a scientific way. D) They come in a great variety.8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from ____________________.9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ________________.10. Yorkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to ___________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.11. A) He is careless about his appearance.B) He is ashamed of his present condition.C) He changes jobs frequently.D) He shaves every other day.12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B) Jane should have started a little earlier.C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C) Collecting information about baseball games.D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.D) He has been having a hard time.15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.B) Jill missed her class last week.C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.D) She is in the same class as the man.18. A) A computer game.B) An imaginary situation.C) An exciting experience.D) A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.C) Pain and pleasure in sports.D) A sport he participates in.20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B) Much time is spent on collecting data.C) A lot of effort is made in vain.D) The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.B) Director of evening radio programs.C) Producer of television commercials.D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. A) The restaurant location.B) The restaurant atmosphere.C) The food variety.D) The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C) There are many false notions about it.D) There are various ways to protect it.27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.D) It can permanently change the eye structure.28. A) It can never be done with high technology.B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery.D) It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage Two29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.D) They have jobs and other commitments.30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.C) They would like to spend more time with them.D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. A) Provide professional standard care.B) Be frank and seek help from others.C) Be affectionate and cooperative.D) Make use of community facilities.Passage Three32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.C) Common complaints made by office workers.D) Conflicts between labor and management.33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.C) Follow the government regulations strictly.D) Provide extra health compensation.34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.C) They sought help from union representatives.D) They wanted to work shorter hours.35. A) To show how they love winter sports.B) To attract the attention from the media.C) To protect against the poor working conditions.D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts(宇航员) someday may (36)__________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37)__________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38)__________ .Although no form of matter yet (39)__________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40)__________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41)__________ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42)__________ this in 1905, when he (43)__________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44)_________________________________________________________________________________________ .An obsession(沉迷)with time-saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it-(45)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ . Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46)_______________________________________________________________________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second. Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said."The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego."It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the sameDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneSeveral recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to aroommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing."One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration.""I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studies and explained.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?A) Conflicts between studies of different races are unavoidable.B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indians Univerisity study show?A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?A) Students of different races are required to share room.B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoGlobal warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)"However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B) Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A) Its statistics look embarrassing.B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.C) It deserves our closest attention.D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centreWhen it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds.Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy."You'll automatically be 81 the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make 82 three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. 83 in the restaurant one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.。