《高考真题》2019年高考英语母题题源系列专题08 阅读理解说明文(原卷版)
1
专题08 阅读理解（说明文）
【母题来源一】【2019·全国卷I，D】
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to
keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and
cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on
others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology
sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities
strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in
life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even
dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who
were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the
most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens
had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly
showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness,
openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to
positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for
learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
2 33. What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best-You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
【母题来源二】 【2019·全国卷II，D】
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow
uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.
How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any
kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna
Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s
students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案).
“We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project
manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are
you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year,
present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at time. It’s
3 a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These
kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his
students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
2019-2020年高考英语大题精做08完形填空说明文含解析新人教版
2019-2020年高考英语大题精做08完形填空说明文含解析新人教版
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：
1. 开头点题
在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2.结构清晰
说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3.难度较大
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4.遣词用字简练
说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5.条理清晰
说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
【解题技巧】
1. 快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
2019年高考真题+高考模拟题专项版解析汇编 英语——专题05 阅读理解(原卷版)
2019年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编
专题05 阅读理解
一、2019年高考真题
I.应用文
1. 【2019·全国卷I，A】
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find
summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools
available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to
$3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
专题07 阅读理解议论类(原卷版)
1 2019年高考英语母题题源系列
专题07 阅读理解（议论类）
【母题来源一】【2019·天津卷，D】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle
against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.
Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some
people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about those
who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing
2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题09：说明文类阅读理解
2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题09：说明文类阅读理解
一、阅读理解（共8题）
1.（2019•北京）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming
climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms (海洋微生物) called phytoplankton.
Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the
ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of
phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in
other spots, leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while
giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that
专题05 阅读理解科普类-2019年高考英语母题题源系列(解析版)
专题05 阅读理解（科普类）
【母题来源一】【2019·全国卷I，C】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are
still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this
problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the
pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the
force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the
keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's
2019年全国高考英语真题及参考答案汇总
2019年全国高考英语试题及答案目录
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）.............................................2
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）参考答案...........................12
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）.........................................13
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）参考答案.........................23
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷III）.......................................24
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷III）参考答案.......................34
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）..............................................35
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）参考答案..............................45
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）..............................................47
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）参考答案..............................61
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）..............................................63
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）参考答案..............................76
2019年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）......................................79
完整版英语高考 完形填空说明文原卷版
第二部分 语言知识运用
精做08 完形填空说明文
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：
1. 开头点题
在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
2.结构清晰
说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3.难度较大
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
4.遣词用字简练
说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5.条理清晰
说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
【解题技巧】
1. 快速弄清文章大意
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
2. 弄清楚说明的顺序
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
4. 注重上下文语境
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
《高考真题》2019年高考英语母题题源系列专题11 任务型阅读(解析版)
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专题11 任务型阅读
【母题来源一】【2019·江苏卷】
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
The Cost of Thinking
Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics. such as large brains and
the ability to walk upright on two legs.
The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other
animals. It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains. Mammals(哺乳动物)weighing sixty
kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200-1400 cm2. We are so fond
of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more must be better. Unfortunately, that is
not the case.
The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body. I's not easy to carry around,
《高考真题》2019年高考英语母题题源系列专题17 短文改错原卷版
.
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错
误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in p
I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I
and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All
player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started t with classmates after
school. I am a good player now.
【母题来源二】【2019·全国卷 II】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错
误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
《高考真题》2019年高考英语母题题源系列专题04 阅读理解社会生活类(原卷版)
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专题04 阅读理解（社会生活类）
【母题来源一】 【2019·天津卷，B 】
I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with
books. There was not one night that I don't remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely
inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading. Hearing mom say," I can't believe what's printed in the
newspaper this morning," made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself. I wanted to be like my mom
and know all of the things she knew. So I carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to
be reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It
seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many