托福模拟考试及答案解析(11)
托福模拟考试及答案解析（11）(1~12/共51题)阅读理解THE TRICKSTER FIGURE IN MYTHOLOGY 1 In the study of mythology, the character known as the trickster is a god, spirit, human, or animal who breaks the rules of the gods or nature, sometimes maliciously but usually with results that are positive. The rule breaking often takes the form of mischief or thievery. The trickster is usually male but occasionally disguises himself in female form. He can be cunning or foolish, or both, and often very humorous. His curiosity leads him into trouble, but he rescues himself with his sly wit. When he plays tricks, he performs important cultural tasks that benefit humans, and for this reason the trickster is a significant figure in world mythology.2 In different cultures, the trickster and the hero are combined in various ways. In Greek mythology, Prometheus steals fire from the gods and gives it to humans, a feat making him more of a hero than a trickster, and he is usually portrayed as an intellectual. In many Native American stories, Coyote also steals fire from the gods, but Coyote is usually more of a jokester or a prankster than an intellectual.3 The trickster is both creator and destroyer, giver and taker, one who tricks others and is tricked in return. The pranks of the trickster are compulsive and uncontrollable. He does not act consciously; he acts out of passion and impulse. He knows neither good nor evil, yet he is responsible for both. He possesses no morals, yet through his behavior morality comes into being. According to psychologist Carl Jung, the trickster is "a primitive cosmic being of divine-animal nature, on the one hand superior to man because of his superhuman qualities, and on the other hand inferior to him because of his unreason and unconsciousness."4 In Native American mythology, the majority of trickster myths concern the creation or transformation of the earth. Such stories have a trickster who is always wandering, who is always hungry, who is not guided by normal ideas of good and evil, and who possesses some magical powers. In some stories he is a deity, and in others he is an animal or human that is subject to death. Several of these myths feature Raven or Coyote as the trickster-hero.5 In many creation myths of the Pacific Northwest, Raven illustrates the transformational nature of tricksters. Raven is the greatest shapeshifter of all and can change into anything to get what he wants. In one story, there is darkness at the beginning of the world, so Raven decides he will find light. He flies far from the earth, searching in the darkness, until he spots a glimmer of light coming from a window in the house of the gods. Raven knows the gods are protective of their possessions, so he devises a trick. He perches on a pine branch next to the house and watches each day as the chief god's daughter draws water from a nearby lake. He magically transforms himself into a pinyon seed and falls into the girl's drinking cup. The girl swallows the seed, which grows within her body, and she eventually gives birth to a boy. The child delights his grandparents, and his laughter tricks the elder gods into revealing where they hide a shining ball of light. The gods give the child the ball to play with, and then Raven transforms back to a bird and flies off carrying the ball of light in his beak. He hangs the ball—the sun—in the sky, thereby bringing light to the world.6 Coyote's character is similar to that of Raven, and both appear in stories carrying out similar roles. In several stories from the American Southwest, Coyote steals fire from a group of "fire beings" and gives it to humans. In some tales Coyote wants to make human life more interesting, so he introduces sickness, sorrow, and death. He often teaches through negativeexample by employing the human vices of lying, cheating, and stealing. His tricks often bring about destructive natural phenomena, such as a great flood that destroys the earth. However, by causing the flood, Coyote leads the human race to a new and better world. Coyote shows us that at the heart of the trickster is a savior whose great gift to humans is showing them new ways of knowing and doing.Glossary:mischief: tendency to play tricks or cause minor troublethievery: the act of theft; stealingpinyon seed: the seed of a pine tree; pine nut第1题The word maliciously in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA.destructivelyB.falselyC.bravelyD.mistakenly第2题Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1 ? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.In world mythology, every important aspect of human culture is the result of the trickster's behavior.B.The trickster develops human culture by tricking people into performing dangerous cultural tasks.C.When the trickster wants to be helpful, he devises a trick that will teach people what is important.D.The trickster is an important mythological character because his tricks contribute positively to human culture.第3题The author discusses Prometheus and Coyote in paragraph 2 in order toA.illustrate two different views of the trickster-heroB.explain how humans received the gift of fireC.argue that the trickster is an intellectual heroD.encourage readers to study world mythology第4题The word pranks in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA.funny storiesplex plansC.mischievous actsD.divine traits第5题All of the following are traits of the trickster EXCEPTA.a desire to break the rulesB.the ability to disguise himselfC.superhuman powersD.awareness of good and evil第6题Native American stories with a trickster-hero are usually aboutA.the victory of good over evilB.the creation or transformation of the worldC.the struggle to control one's natureD.the punishment of humans by the gods第7题The word spots in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toA.imaginesB.transformsC.locatesD.destroys第8题The author tells a story about Raven in which the tricksterA.gives humans the gift of fireB.changes into a young girlC.steals the sun from the godsD.causes a destructive flood第9题The word savior in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toA.one who wants total powerB.one who rescues others from harmC.one who causes terrible sufferingD.one who cares about only himself第10题It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely believes which statement about the trickster?A.The trickster is responsible for many serious problems in the world today.B.The trickster shows us that there is no difference between good and evil.C.The trickster serves as an explanation for creation, change and renewal.D.The trickster teaches children that lying and stealing are acceptable behavior.第11题Look at the four squares, A, B, C, and D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Like Raven, Coyote is a master transformer whose mischievous power is responsible for events that benefit humanity.Coyote's character is similar to that of Raven, and both appear in stories carrying out similar roles.A In several stories from the American Southwest, Coyote steals fire from a group of "fire beings" and gives it to humans. In some tales Coyote wants to make human life more interesting, so he introduces sickness, sorrow, and death.B He often teaches through negative example by employing the human vices of lying, cheating, and stealing.C His tricks often bring about destructive natural phenomena, such as a great flood that destroys the earth. However, by causing the flood, Coyote leads the human race to a new and better world.D Coyote shows usthat at the heart of the trickster is a savior whose great gift to humans is showing them new ways of knowing and doing.第12题Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the trickster that they describe. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 3 points. Answer ChoicesA. Introduces sickness, sorrow, and death to make life more interestingB. Transforms into various shapes to achieve his purposesC. Appears as an intellectual hero in stories of good and evilD. Creates a ball of silver light that becomes the moonE. Changes into a seed to gain entrance to the house of the godsF. Causes a great flood and then leads humans to a better worldG. Brings light to the world by playing a trick on the godsRaven●●●Coyote●●下一题(13~25/共51题)阅读理解DADA AND POP ART 1 Dada was a subversive movement in the arts that flourished mainly in France, Switzerland, and Germany from 1916 to 1923. Dada was based on the principles of deliberate irrationality, disorder, and anarchy. Dada protested all forms of authority and convention. It rejected laws of beauty and social organization and attempted to discover authentic reality through the destruction of traditional culture and aesthetic forms. In Dada there was only one rule: Never follow any established rules. There was no predominant medium; however, assemblage, collage, and photomontage were techniques frequently employed. Dadaist art was nonsensical, impulsive, and often playful. The movement's founders included the French artist Jean Arp and the writers Tristan Tzara and Hugo Ball. At a meeting of young artists in 1916 in Zurich, one of them inserted a paper knife into a French-German dictionary. The knife pointed to the word dada, a French baby-talk word for a hobby-horse, which the group saw as an appropriate term for their anti-art.2 Dada emerged from despair over the First World War and disgust for the conservative values of society. Dada was the first expression of protest against the war. Dadaists used absurdity to create artworks that mocked society yet defied intellectual analysis, such as the use of "found" objects in sculptures and installations. The forerunner of the Dadaists, and ultimately their leading member, was Marcel Duchamp, who in 1913 created his first "ready-made," the Bicycle Wheel, consisting of a wheel mounted on the seat of a stool. In his effort to discourage aesthetics, Duchamp shocked the art establishment with these ready—mades—manufactured objects that he selected and exhibited—including a bottle rack and a comb. The Dada movement extended to literature and music and became international after the war. In the United States themovement was centered in New York City. Dadaists on both sides of the Atlantic had one goal in common: to demolish current aesthetic standards.3 Fifty years after the Dadaists, another generation of artists reacted to the standards and values of society. However, instead &rejecting ordinary things, the young artists of the Pop movement of the 1960s embraced them. Pop artists were curious about the commercial media of ads, billboards, newsprint, television, and all aspects of popular culture. Thus, the barrier between "high" and "low" art collapsed, which the Dadaists had aimed for and the Pop artists attained with an energy not seen before.4 Pop art received its name from critic Lawrence Alloway, who considered Pop to be the culture of the mass media, photographs, and posters—a style that must be popular, transitory, and witty. The subject matter of Pop art was derivative, depicting something that had already been published or produced, such as comic strips, soft-drink bottles, and photographs of movie stars. Pop art caught on quickly; it was art about mass consumption that was eagerly consumed by the masses.5 The most popular of the Pop artists was the painter Roy Lichtenstein. Lichtenstein painted enlarged copies of the least "arty" things he could find: romance and adventure comic strips. He was the first American artist to react to comic strips, finding beauty in these crude designs, along with a distinct sense of style. Lichtenstein also painted other pictorial styles, including blowups of other artists' brushstrokes and parodies of Cubism and Art Deco.6 Andy Warhol, more than any other Pop artist, took on the mind-numbing overload of American mass culture. Warhol began his career as a commercial illustrator, and in 1962 he had his first exhibition in an art gallery, where he showed his 32 Campbell's Soup Cans. The thirty-two soup cans are about sameness: same brand, same size, same paint surface, and same fame. They mimic the condition of mass advertising. All of Warhol's work flowed from one central insight: mass culture is filled with images that become meaningless by being repeated again and again, and in this glut of information is a role for art. Warhol felt this and embodied it. He conveyed a collective state of mind in which celebrity—a famous brand name or the image of a famous person—had completely replaced sacredness in art.Glossary:aesthetic: relating to beauty; artistic第13题According to the passage, the main goal of the Dada movement was toA.stimulate public interest in artB.change the goals of art educationC.destroy traditional standards of artD.make mass media the subject of art第14题The author mentions a hobby-horse in paragraph 1 in order toA.explain the origin of the name "Dada"B.illustrate how Dadaists created artpare art to a children's gameD.give an example of a "ready-made"第15题According to the passage, one way in which the Dadaists mocked society was byA.refusing to fight in the First World WarB.writing plays about social classing "found" objects in works of artD.criticizing the commercial media第16题The word forerunner in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning toA.leading writerB.earliest artistC.main criticD.fastest runner第17题The passage gives all of the following as examples of "ready-mades" EXCEPTA.a bicycle wheelB.a bottle rackC.a soup canD.a comb第18题The word embraced in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA.mockedB.ignoredC.welcomedD.defended第19题It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that the Pop artistsA.reacted against the Dada movementB.were more popular than the DadaistsC.criticized art for being too commercialD.succeeded in changing ideas about art第20题Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Pop art could be produced and consumed more quickly than any other mass media.B.The public enthusiastically accepted Pop art, which portrayed commercial culture.C.The mass media quickly reached large audiences, thus influencing attitudes about art.rge numbers of people bought Pop art, even though they could not understand it.第21题Which artist created works based on other styles and the work of other artists?A.Marcel Duchampwrence AllowayC.Roy LichtensteinD.Andy Warhol第22题The phrase took on in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toA.hatedB.was afraid ofC.inventedD.responded to第23题The word glut in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toA.excessB.definitionC.fearD.absence第24题. Look at the four squares, A, B, C, and D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Whereas the visual arts had previously ignored current events, Dadaists reacted to the crisis and accused society of allowing it to happen.Dada emerged from despair over the First World War and disgust for the conservative values of society. Dada was the first expression of protest against the war. A Dadaists used absurdity to create artworks that mocked society yet defied intellectual analysis, such as the use of "found" objects in sculptures and installations. B The forerunner of the Dadaists, and ultimately their leading member, was Marcel Duchamp, who in 1 9 1 3 created his first "readymade," the Bicycle Wheel, consisting of a wheel mounted on the seat of a stool. In his effort to discourage aesthetics, Duchamp shocked the art establishment with these ready—made—manufactured objects that he selected and exhibited—including a bottle rack and a comb. C The Dada movement extended to literature and music and became international after the war. D In the United States the movement was centered in New York City. Dadaists on both sides of the Atlantic had one goal in common: to demolish current aesthetic standards.A.AB.BC.CD.D第25题Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the art movement that they describe. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 4 points. Answer ChoicesA. Reflected the mass media of advertising, newsprint, and televisionB. Was an anti-art movement in the visual arts, literature and musicC. Focused on transitory impressions and the changing effects of lightD. Depicted things that had already been produced in other mediaE. Originated as a protest against the First World WarF. Found beauty in comic strips and other images from popular cultureG. Emphasized the act of creating art over the finished work of artH. Used "found" objects and "ready-mades" in works of artI. Created art out of famous brand names and images of famous peopleDada●●●Pop Art●●●●上一题下一题(26~38/共51题)阅读理解DEFORESTATION IN NORTH AMERICA 1 The land area of the United States and Canada is just over 4.8 billion acres. When large numbers of Europeans began to arrive in the eighteenth century, almost one-third of that area was covered with old-growth forests. In the eastern half of the continent, nearly 90 percent of the land was thick with forests of elm, ash, beech, maple, oak, and hickory. By the end of the nineteenth century, after several decades of intensive deforestation, only half of the original forests remained.2 During the first two centuries of European colonization, settlement was concentrated along the East Coast, having almost no effect on the vast forests covering the continent. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, agriculture expanded and settlers began to move westward in search of land for new farms. Land for agriculture came almost exclusively from clearing forests. The demand for farmland and timber continued to soar, and by 1850, more than 100 million acres of old-growth forest had been cut or burned off in the Northeast, the Southeast, the Great Lakes region, and along the St. Lawrence River.3 Along with agriculture, industrialization was a major cause of deforestation. The Industrial Revolution was fueled by North America's abundance of wood, as iron makers relied on charcoal, or charred wood, to fire their furnaces. Hardwoods such as oak produced the best charcoal, which charcoal burners made by slowly burning logs in kilns until they were reduced to concentrated carbon. It took eight tons of wood to make two tons of charcoal to smelt one ton of iron. Thus, the toll on the forests was high, as countless acres were cut to feed the furnaces of the iron industry.4 The transportation technology of the Industrial Revolution contributed greatly to deforestation. The river steamboats that came into operation after 1830 had a voracious appetite for wood. To keep their wheels turning, steamboats typically took on fuel twice a day. The wood was supplied by thousands of "wood hawks" along the banks of the Ohio and Mississippi with stacks of cut firewood. Annual consumption of wood on riverboats continued to increase until 1865. Consequently, river valleys that had the heaviest traffic were stripped of their forests.5 After 1860, immigration and westward expansion surged, and railroads swept over the continent. Clean-burning hardwood was the preferred fuel of the "iron horses," which required the cutting of 215,000 acres of woodland to stay in operation for one year. Not only did wood fuel the steam engines, but enormous amounts of oak and locust also went into the manufacture of railcars, ties, fencing, bridges, and telegraph poles. Railroads in the United States and Canada stretched from coast to coast by 1885, and each additional mile of railroad meant at least two more miles of fencing and 2,500 ties.6 Other major consumers of forest products included ordinary homeowners. More than four out of five of the houses constructed in the early nineteenth century—from log cabins to clapboard cottages—were built mainly of wood and roofed with wooden shingles. All were filled with wooden furniture. Two-thirds of all households in North America were heated by open, wood-burning fireplaces, and it took between 10 and 20 acres of forest to keep a single fireplace burning for one year.7 Throughout the century, the timber industry continued to supply the single most valuable raw material for a rapidly expanding population. Between 1840 and 1860, the annual production of lumber rose from 1.6 million to 8 billion board feet. This increase was made possible by the widespread application of steam power. Wood-fueled steam engines powered the sawmills, moved and barked the logs, and finished the boards. Railroad lines were now built right into the forests so that felled logs could be shipped directly to market. These innovations had their greatest impact on the Great Lakes region. By 1890 the technology of the timber industry had triumphed over the natural abundance of the forests, and woodlands that had once seemed endless were now depleted.第26题The word thick in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA.flatB.denseC.humidD.open第27题What point does the author make about deforestation in North America?A.It occurred mostly within a single century.B.It changed how people thought about trees.C.It provided jobs in several related industries.D.It caused an economic crisis in two countries.第28题According to the passage, all of the following contributed to deforestation EXCEPTA.the expansion of agricultureB.an increase in forest firesC.the use of charcoal as a fuelD.steamboat transportation第29题Why does the author use the word toll in discussing the iron industry in paragraph 3?A.To show that the process of smelting iron was expensiveB.To illustrate the impact of forest fires on the iron industryC.To point out that the iron industry had to pay high taxesD.To emphasize that large areas of woodland were eliminated第30题The word voracious in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning toA.varyingB.greedyC.strangeD.moderate第31题The phrase "wood hawks" in paragraph 4 describesA.a type of riverboatB.a species of treeC.people who sold woodrge woodland birds第32题The word surged in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toA.stoppedpetedC.fluctuatedD.increased第33题It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that "iron horses" wereA.machines that made ties and fencingB.railroad company executivesC.steam engines that moved trainsD.animals that helped build railroads第34题Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 6? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Most of the houses in the nineteenth century were log cabins or clapboard cottages with simple roofs.B.There were four or five main house styles in the early nineteenth century, and all were built of wood.C.In the nineteenth century, wood construction was popular because wood could be used in a number of ways.D.Wood was the primary construction material of the vast majority of houses built in the early nineteenth century.第35题It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that in the early nineteenth centuryA.wooden houses were more popular than they are todayB.the construction industry dominated the economyC.more people owned homes than they do todayD.home heating was a major reason for cutting trees第36题According to paragraph 7, the tremendous increase in the production of lumber was primarily due toA.the availability of landB.an increase in the labor supplyC.innovations in technologyD.timber industry leadership。
托福考试专项测试试题含答案
托福考试专项测试试题含答案托福考试专项测试试题含答案生命是一种语言，它为我们转达了某种真理;如果以另一种方式学习它，我们将不能生存。
下面是店铺为大家搜索整理的托福考试专项测试试题含答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!text oneThe principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness com#munities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than aroundtowns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway.When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.(B) The evolution of cities in North America(C) Trade between North American and European cities(D) The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England.2. The word "they" in line 4 refers to(A) North American colonies(B) cities(C) centuries(D) town economies3. The passage com#pares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following?(A) Their economic success(B) The type of merchandise they exported(C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements(D) The pace of their development4. The word "accordingly因此" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) as usual(B) in contrast(C) to some degree(D) for that reason5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America due to(A) an abundance of natural resources(B) financial support from colonial governments(C) proximity to parts of Europe(D) a favorable climate6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following for shipment to Europe?(A) Manufacturing equipment(B) Capital goods(C) Consumer goods(D) Raw materials7. According to the passage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of southern cities EXCEPT the(A) location of the plantations(B) access of plantation owners to shipping(C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents(D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in com#parison with northern cities, most southern cities were(A) more prosperous(B) smaller(C) less economically self-sufficient(D) tied less closely to England than to France9. The word "recorded" in line 26 is closest in meaning to(A) imagined(B) discovered(C) documented 记录(D) planned10. The word "drawing拉" in line 28 is closest in meaning to(A) attracting(B) employing(C) instructing(D) representing11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of(A) significant obstacles to industrial growth(B) decreased dependence on foreign trade(C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms(D) increased migration from northern states to southern states参考答案1-11 BBDDC DCBCA C【托福考试专项测试试题含答案】。
托福考试阅读模拟题包括解析
2021 年托福考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析〔1 〕托福阅读原文Protection of Plants by Insects【1】Many plants - one or more species of at least68 different families - can secrete nectar even whenthey have no blossoms, because they bear extrafloral nectaries (structuresthat producenectar) on stems, leaves, leaf stems, or other structures.These plants usually occur where antsare abundant, most in the tropics but some in temperate areas. Among thoseof northeasternNorth America are various plums, cherries,roses, hawthorns, poplars, and oaks. Like floralnectar,extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high contentof dissolved sugars and, in some plants, smallamounts of amino acids. The extrafloral nectaries ofsome plants areknown to attract ants and other insects,but the evolutionary history of most plants withthesenectaries is unknown. Nevertheless, most ecologistsbelieve that all extrafloral nectaries attractinsects that willdefend the plant.【2】Ants are portably the most frequent and certainlythe most persistent defenders ofplants. Since the highlyactive worker ants require a great deal of energy, plantsexploit thisneed by providing extrafloral nectar that suppliesants with abundant energy. To return thisfavor, ants guardthe nectaries, driving away or killing intruding insects thatmight competewith ants for nectar. Many of theseintruders are herbivorous and would eat the leaves of theplants.【3】Biologists once thought that secretion ofextrafloral nectar has some purely internalphysiological function, and that ants provide no benefit whatsoever tothe plants that secreteit. This view and the opposing “protectionist 〞 hypothesis that ants defend plants had beendisputed for over a hundred years when, in 1910, a skeptical William Morton Wheelercommented on the controversy. He called for proof of the protectionist view：that visitations ofthe ants confer protection on the plants andthat in the absence of the insects a much greaternumberwould perish or fail to produce flowers or seeds than when the insects are present. That we now have an abundance of the proof that was called for was established whenBarbara Bentley reviewed the relevant evidence in 1977, and since then many moreobservations and experiments have provided still further proof that ants benefit plants.【4】One example shows how ants attracted to extrafloral nectaries protect morning gloriesagainst attacking insects.The principal insect enemies of the North American morning gloryfeed mainly on its flowers or fruits rather than its leaves. Grasshoppers feeding on flowersindirectly block pollinationand the production of seeds by destroying the corolla or thestigma, which receives the pollen grains and on whichthe pollen germinates. Without theircolorful corolla, flowersdo not attract pollinators and are not fertilized. An adult grasshoppercan consume a large corolla, about 2.5 inches long, in an hour. Caterpillars and seed beetlesaffect seed production directly. Caterpillars devour the ovaries,where the seeds are produced, and seed beetle larvae eatseeds as they burrow in developing fruits.【5】Extrafloral nectaries at the base of each sepalattract several kinds of insects, but 96 percent of them areants, several different species of them. When buds are still small, lessthan a quarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar. They continue to do so as the flower develops and while the fruit matures. Observations leavelittle doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy forceof grasshoppers, caterpillars, and seed beetles. Bentley compares the seed production of sixplants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied byants. Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant, but plants occupied by ants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers, theydrive them away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they aremuch smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles,disturb females astheylay their eggs on developing fruits,and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.托福阅读试题1.According to paragraph，floral nectar andextrafloral1 nectar are alike in thatA.they are likely to be produced by the same plants.B.they basically consist of the same chemicalcomponents.C.they attract only insects that will defend the plant.D.they are produced by the same parts of the plant.2.To say that ants are "persistent" defenders ofplants means thatA.they defend plants against a wide variety of threats.B.they continue to defend plants for as long as the plants are threatened.C.they are successful defenders of plants.D.they are easily observable defenders of plants.3.What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the ants that are attracted to theextrafloral nectaries?A.They do not eat the leaves of the plants that produce extrafloral nectar.B.They live almost entirely on extrafloral nectar.C.They spend most of their energy guarding extrafloral nectaries.D.They frequently fight among themselvesover extrafloral nectar.4.According to paragraph 3, what was the position of the opponents of the"protectionist" hypothesis?A.Extrafloral nectar provides plants with a direct defense against attack by insects.B.Ants substantially benefit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar.C.The secretion of extrafloral nectar plays a rolein the plant ’s internal functioning.D.Ants visit plants that secrete extrafloral nectar asoften as they visit plants that do not.5.The word "skeptical" in the passage is closestin meaning toA.curious.B.doubtful.C.open-minded.D.practical.6.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information jn thehighlighted sentence in thepassage Incorrect choices change the meaning inimportant ways or leave out essential information.A.We now have ample proof that ants benefit plants.B.Barbara Bentley has called for additional proofthat ants benefit plants.C.In 1977 Barbara Bentley conducted research that proved that all prior studies were wrong.D.Proof that ants benefit plants will require manymore observations and experiments.7.According to paragraph 4, what effect does the destruction of the corolla have onplants.A.It leaves the seeds exposed and unprotected.B.It prevents the stigma from developing.C.It keeps pollen grains from attaching properly.D.It prevents the flower from attracting pollinators.8.The word "devour" in the passage is closest in meaning toA.attack.B.eat.C.damage.D.prefer.9.What role does paragraph 5 play in the passage?A.It offers various kinds of evidence for the protectionist view.B.It presents the study that first proved that ants benefit plants.C.It explains how insects find sources of nectar.D.It presents information that partly contradictsthe protectionist view.10.The word "vulnerable" in the passage is closestin meaning toA.numerous.B.harmful.C.open to attack.D.difficult to locate.11.According to paragraph 5, what did Bentley’s comparative study show?A.Many more plants grew in places where ants werepresent than where they were absent.B.The ants preferred plants with low seed production toplants with high seed production.C.The plants occupied by ants produced many more seedsthan those that were not occupiedby ants.D.The plants that grew in places without ants weremuch smaller and weaker than those thatgrew in places whereants were present.12.According to paragraph 5, ants defend morning gloryplants from seed beetles ineach of the following ways EXCEPT ：A.driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping attheir feet.B.catching and eating adult beetles.C.eating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits.D.making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs ondeveloping fruits.13. Look at the four squares [ ■] that indicate where thefollowing sentence could beadded to the passage. Where wouldthe sentence best fit? Sometimes they capture theinsects to feedtheir protein-hungry larvae.Ants are portably the most frequent and certainly themost persistent defenders of plants.■【A】Since the highlyactive worker ants require a great deal of energy, plantsexploit thisneed by providing extrafloral nectar thatsupplies ants with abundant energy.■【B】Toreturn this favor, ants guard the nectaries, driving away or killingintruding insects that mightcompete with ants for nectar. ■【C】 Many of these intruders are herbivorous and wouldeatthe leaves of the plants.■【D】14.Directions ： An introductory sentence for a briefsummary of the passage of thepassage is provided below.Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answerchoicesthat express the most important ideas in the passage. Someanswer choicesdo not belong in the summary because theyexpress ideas that are not presented inthe passage or areminor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points.Many plants have extrafloral nectaries that producenectar even during periods inwhich the plant is not flowering.A.Evolutionary history shows that plants that produceextrafloral nectar originated in thetropics.B.Extrafloral nectar has a higher concentration of sugarthan floral nectar and is moreattractive to ants and otherinsects.C.The protectionist hypothesis is that extrafloralnextar attracts ants, and that the ants, inorder to preservethis energy-rich food source, attack insects that might harmthe plant.D.Evidence accumulated during the twentiethcentury proved that ants provide significantbenefits forplants with extrafloral nectaries.E.Research has shown that American morning glory plants that are protected by ants producesignificantly more seeds than morning glory plants that are not protected by ants.F.Ants generally ignore small insects, but they willeat the adults of large insect species aswell as their eggsand larvae.托福阅读答案。
托福模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)
托福模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. SPEAKING 5. WRITINGSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Student A Hi, Nicolas! Student B Hi, Peter! Today’s science class, by the way, how do you like it? Student A it’s really interesting. Professor Smith defines science as knowledge of facts, laws and relationships that is obtained through systematic observation and experimentation. This is really an accurate definition. Student B Yeah. When we think of science, we normally think of exact sciences like biology, chemistry and physics. But many other branches of science have developed over the past century. Student A What’s more, science is always attached to technology. Student B Professor Smith also gives a definition of technology. Student A Yeah. Professor Smith says that scientific knowledge applied to practical uses is normally referred to as technology. What a simple concept! Student B But it’s concise and exact. Robotics, for instance, is a branch of technology involving the study and production of manlike machines capable of performing human tasks. You know, some people even predict that, in the not so distant future, robots will be capable of feeling the same emotions as humans. Student A Wow, it’s hard to imagine an emotionally independent machine, but many of the things we take for granted now were once considered ridiculous dreams. Student B Yeah. Like computers and robots. Student A The technological changes that took place in the 20th century revolutionized virtually every aspect of our life from communication to material comfort. Student B That’s quite true. In the space of two or three generations, people witnessed major advances in medical research, nuclear energy and space exploration. Space exploration, for example, seeks to use space travel to discover the nature of the universe beyond Earth. Since ancient times, people have dreamed of leaving their home planet and exploring other worlds. In the latter half of the 20th century, that dream became reality. The space age began with the launch of the first artificial satellites in 1957. The first human went into space in 1961. Student A That’s right. And we will surely experience more benefits of science and technology in our daily life, such as more sophisticated communication systems, more advanced facilities and equipment, and improved modes of transportation. This will bring us a greater variety of food, a higher standard of living and a more prosperous and stronger nation.Student B But we cannot always be so optimistic. The consequences of technological innovations have not always been positive and the moral and political issues regarding new inventions have often been questionable. Student A Really? In what ways? Student B We have to admit that developments in science and technology have also brought about some disasters. Wars, pollution and new diseases have undermined our confidence in technology. There is lesscommunication and thus greater social distance between people. More people are suffering from mental problems and unemployment is rising. Student A Oh, really a nasty picture, isn’t it? So, in your opinion, is science a monster or an angel? Student B Uh, I think science is mainly an angel. Science enables us to experience and enjoy many things that our forefathers couldn’t even dream of. Student A Just like a miracle, isn’t it? Student B Yeah. Because of science, we can know what is happening all over the world without leaving home. We can order food and other things at home. We can even receive education at home. It is science that has enriched our lives and improved our standard of living. Student A Yeah, I fully agree with you. I think it’s really nice to live in this modern world. Student B So we’re really lucky to enjoy all those modern things in today’s world, aren’t we? Student A Yeah. In this modern world, there are so many things that were not available in the past, like television, refrigeration, digital entertainment and computers. They make our life so colorful and enjoyable. I can’t imagine a life without all these things. The modern world provides us with so many wonderful objects that our ancestors couldn’t even dream of. Student B Right because of all these wonderful things, our life becomes more and more convenient, and we reach higher and higher standards of living.Narrator Listen to a conversation between two students after a science class. Now get ready to answer the questions. You may use your notes to help you answer.1．Which expression is NOT true according to the conversation?A．Biology is an exact science.B．Robotics is a branch of science.C．Science may also bring about disasters.D．Science is knowledge of facts and laws.正确答案：B解析：本题属于基本理解题中的细节题，要求考生理解并记住听力材料中明确表述的细节和事实。
托福单词的测试模拟题与答案
托福单词的测试模拟题与答案托福单词的测试模拟题与答案1. INCHOATE：（A）explicit（B）dependable（C）pragmatic（D）therapeutic（E）enduring2. INCIPIENT：（A）exuberant（B）full-bodied（C）explicit（D）plentiful（E）full-blown3. NASCENT：（A）widely displaced（B）completely clear（C）totally natural（D）strongly contrary（E）fully established4. REPORTORIAL：（A）unlikely（B）imaginative（C）indecisive（D）characteristic（E）challenging5. IMPUGN：（A）revoke（B）discharge（D）console（E）restore6. RAVE：（A）flak（B）flop（C）cant（D）pan（E）snub7. BANAL：（A）faithful（B）arresting（C）inclined（D）forced（E）elaborate8. BANALITY：（A）accurate portrayal （B）impromptu statement （C）original expression （D）succinct interpretation （E）elaborate critique9. ORIENT：（A）hasten（B）defile（C）menace（D）confuse（E）decline10. CONSTRAIN：（A）release（B）sever（D）unload（E）agree11. RUFFLE：SHIRT：：（A）rafter：roof（B）molding：cabinet （C）gate：path（D）curb：sidewalk（E）shade：window12. EMIGRATE：EXILE：：（A）select：organize（B）appoint：nominate （C）capture：imprison （D）enlist：conscript（E）contribute：deduct 13. BARRAGE：EXPLOSIVES：：（A）cacophony：sounds （B）deluge：rain（C）vista：sights（D）grenade：bombs（E）volcano：lava14. WARY：GULLED：：（A）passionate：moved （B）taciturn：goaded（C）loquacious：befriended （D）vigilant：ambushed （E）shrill：satisfied15. ARTERY：PLAQUE：：（A）river：levee（B）track：switch（C）channel：silt（D）information：flow（E）tunnel：wall16. SEDATIVE：DROWSINESS：：（A）epidemic：contagiousness （B）vaccine：virus（C）laxative：drug（D）anesthetic：numbness （E）therapy：psychosis17. CURIOSITY：KNOW：：（A）temptation：conquer （B）starvation：eat（C）wanderlust：travel（D）humor：laugh（E）survival：live18. WORSHIP：SACRIFICE：：（A）generation：pyre（B）burial：mortuary（C）weapon：centurion （D）massacre：invasion （E）prediction：augury19. CONTIGUOUS：ABUT：：（A）possible：occur（B）simultaneous：coincide （C）comprehensive：except （D）synthetic：create（E）constant：stabilize20. SUITCASE：LUGGAGE：：（A）gift：package（B）necklace：garment（C）room：house（D）hat：millinery（E）faucet：sink21. ENFRANCHISE：VOTE：：（A）advertise：sell（B）fumigate：kill（C）filter：purify（D）illuminate：see（E）ignite：burn22. LOG：SHIP：：（A）archive：data（B）inventory：store（C）roster：team（D）bulletin：event（E）diary：person23. APOLOGIZE：CONTRITE：：（A）aggravate：contemptuous （B）endorse：esteemed（C）extenuate：guilty（D）compliment：impressed （E）rationalize：modest24. SENSITIZATION：ALLERGIC：：（A）immunity：vulnerable （B）habituation：inured（C）invigoration：stimulating （D）sleep：anesthetic（E）disinfection：preventive 25. MEETING：MINUTES：：（A）concert：orchestration （B）filter：camera（C）sale：deed（D）earthquake：vibration （E）television：signal26. MINUTIAE： DETAILS：：（A） data：hypotheses（B） research：findings（C） approximations：calculations （D） queries：answers（E） quibbles：objections27. CREDITS：MOVIE：：（A）byline：article（B）copyright：song（C）rehearsal：dance（D）dedication：book（E）title：work28. STRATAGEM：DECEIVE：：（A）epithet：correspond（B）oration：publish（C）conservation：expend （D）concession：placate（E）sentence：prosecute29. FLAG：COUNTRY：：（A）dialect：region（B）handshake：greeting（C）trademark：company（D）patent：product（E）souvenir：vacation30. STENCIL：LETTERING：：（A）skillet：heating（B）pattern：sewing（C）plow：farming（D）music：singing（E）hammer：building答案：1-5：AEEBC，6-10：DBCDA，11-15：BDBDC，16-20：DCEBD，21-25：DEDBC， 26-30：EADCB。
托福考试词汇模拟练习题带答案
托福考试词汇模拟练习题带答案托福考试词汇模拟练习题带答案托福是去美国留学必过的一个门槛，考察的是学生语言层面上的能力。
那么，单词量便是基础。
想要突破自己拿到高分，庞大而又扎实的`单词量是我们必不可少的。
下面是店铺为大家搜索整理的托福考试词汇模拟练习题带答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!1. The confusion and congestion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that, during the years of these cumbersome arrangements, private letter-carrying and express businesses developed.The word "cumbersome" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) burdensome(B) handsome(C) loathsome(D) quarrelsome2. But this delivery service was at first confined to cities, and free home delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town had to have 10,000 people to be eligible for free home delivery.The word "Confined" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) granted(B) scheduled(C) limited(D) recommended3. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framedand the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved.The word "framed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(B) read(C) avoided(D) posed4. In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area.The word "supposedly" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ruthlessly(B) tightly(C) barely(D) seemingly5. And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary.The word "sanitation" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) city(B) housing(C) health(D) trade6. When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center of the Earth in 1864, there were many conflicting theories about the nature of the Earth's interior. Some geologists thought that it contained ahighly compressed ball of incandescent gas, while others suspected that it consisted of separate shells, each made of a different material.The word "conflicting" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) controlling(B) outdated(C) opposing(D) important7. Beyond a depth of around 2,900 kilometers, a great change takes place and the mantle gives way to the core.< Some seismic waves cannot pass through the core and others are bent by it. From this and other evidence, geologists conclude that the outer core is probably liquid, with a solid center. It is almost certainly made of iron, mixed with smaller amount of other elements such as nickel.The phrase "gives way to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) runs along(B) rubs against(C) turns into(D) floats on8. Although scientists can speculate about its nature, neither humans nor machines will ever be able to visit it.The word "speculate" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) report(B) learn(C) worry(D) hypothesize9. Farmers could get better prices for their crops if the alternative existed of sending them directly eastward to market, and merchants could sell larger quantities of their manufactured goods if these could be transported more directly and more economically to the west.The word "alternative" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) option(B) transition(C) intention(D) authorization10. The distance was more than 350 miles, and there were ridges to cross and a wilderness of woods and swamps to penetrate.The word "penetrate" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) cut down(B) go through(C) fill up(D) take over11. The range of the New York canal system was still further extended when the states of Ohio and Indiana, inspired by the success of the Erie Canal, provided water connections between Lake Erie and the Ohio River.The word "extended" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) increased(B) constructed(C) deepened(D) measured12. The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans had trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the "Great American Desert" to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant.The word "barren" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) lonely(B) dangerous(C) uncomfortable(D) infertile13. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed.The word "preferred" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ordinary(B) available(C) required(D) favored14. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems.The word "hard" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) firm(B) severe(C) difficult(D) bitter15. Nevertheless, most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laiddown in these books.The word "divergence" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) description(B) development(C) difference(D) display16. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent areas was stone widely used in dwellings.The word "durable" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) attractive(B) expensive(C) refined(D) long-lastingThe word "dwelling" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) houses(B) towns(C) outbuildings(D) rural areas17. Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were made of plaster or wood, sometimes elaborately paneled.The word "elaborately" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) done in great detail(B) put together carefully(C) using many colors(D) reinforced structurally18. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on.The word "chance" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unplanned(B) unusual(C) lengthy(D) lively19. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is should be an integral part of one's entire life.The word "integral" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) an equitable(B) a profitable(C) a pleasant(D) an essential20. For example, the edge of the Pacific Ocean has been called the "Ring of Fire" because so many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen there. Before the 1960's, geologists could not explain why active volcanoes and strong earthquakes were concentrated in that region.The word "concentrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) allowed(B)clustered(C) exploded(D) strengthened21. In the United States in the early 1800's, individual state governments had more effect on the economy than did the federal government. States chartered manufacturing, banking, mining, and transportation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes, and railroads.The word "effect" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) value(B) argument(C) influence(D) restraint22. The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinct ways: first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit.The word "distinct" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) separate(B) innovative(C) alarming(D) provocative23. Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by businesses.The word "setting" is closest in meaning to which of(A) discussing(B) analyzing(C) establishing(D) avoiding24. Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive. Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement and the development of native industries. Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of action.The word "ends" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) benefits(B) decisions(C) services(D) goals25. What forms of life were able to make such a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on mega fossils-relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals.The word "drastic" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) widespread(B) radical(C) progressive(D) risky26. It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals.The word "extracted" is closest in meaning to which of(A) located(B) preserved(C) removed(D) studied27. The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter.The word "instances" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) methods(B) processes(C) cases(D) reasons28. In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism.The word "entombed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) crushed(B) trapped(C) produced(D) excavated29. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics --- whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans --- have always shown a marked taste for portraiture.The word "marked" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pronounced(B) fortunate(C) understandable(D) mysterious30. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.The phrase "ushering in" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) beginning(B) demanding(C) publishing(D) increasingThe word "executed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) sold(B) requested(C) admired(D) created参考答案：1 A2 C3 D4 D5 C6 C7 C8 D9 A10 B11 A12 D13 D14 A15 C16 D A17 A18 A19 D20 B21 C22 A23 C24 D25 B26 C27 C28 B29 A30 A D【托福考试词汇模拟练习题带答案】。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案精选整合
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案精选整合托福考试语法模拟试题及答案1. The American clipper ship era was of duration short，extending from about 1845 to 1859.答案：B分析及考点：词序的颠倒，应该改成short duration.只有特殊情况修饰成分后置。
参考译文：美国的剪帆船的时期经历时间很短，只有从1845到1859.2. Crystals of pure quartz，usually called rock crystal，are coarseness，colorless，and transparent.答案：D分析及考点：平行对称结构，词性不对称，所以coarseness 名词应改成coarse参考译文：纯净石英的结晶，通常称为岩石水晶，是粗糙的，无色的，透明的。
3. Of 120 minerals known to have been used as gemstones，only about 25 are in common use in today jewelry.答案：D分析及考点：词序的问题。
应该改成jewelry today.参考译文：在作为宝石使用的所知道的120种矿石中，只有25种是现在珠宝业通常使用的。
4. One of the thirteen original state of the United States，North Carolina lies on the Atlantic coast midway between New York and Florida.答案：A分析及考点：名词单复数使用错误。
应该用复数states.看到one of the.参考译文：北卡罗来那州是最初组成美国的13个州中的一个座落在大西洋岸边，在纽约州和佛罗里达州的中间。
5. The various peoples who developed North America have made it a world leader economic .答案：D分析及考点：词序的颠倒。
托福模拟题测试题及答案
托福模拟题测试题及答案一、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1. 根据录音内容，以下哪项是教授在讲座中提到的？A. 地球的气候变化对生态系统有积极影响。
B. 人类活动是导致全球变暖的主要原因。
C. 地球的自然周期导致了气候变化。
D. 气候变化对人类社会没有影响。
答案：B2. 在对话中，学生为什么感到困惑？A. 学生不理解课程作业的要求。
B. 学生不知道如何安排时间。
C. 学生对考试内容感到困惑。
D. 学生对老师的教学方法感到困惑。
答案：A二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）1. 根据文章内容，作者主要讨论了什么主题？A. 科技发展对教育的影响。
B. 教育系统如何适应社会变化。
C. 教育的重要性在现代社会中减少。
D. 社会对教育的需求日益增长。
答案：B2. 文章中提到的“终身学习”是指什么？A. 只在学生时代接受教育。
B. 教育应该贯穿一个人的整个生活。
C. 教育只对年轻人重要。
D. 教育只包括学术知识。
答案：B三、口语表达（Speaking Expression）1. 请描述你最近参加的一个活动，并解释为什么这个活动对你很重要。
（答案略）2. 你如何看待在线教育与传统教育的结合？请给出你的观点。
（答案略）四、写作能力（Writing Ability）1. 写一篇短文，讨论科技在日常生活中的作用，并给出你的观点。
（答案略）2. 选择一个你感兴趣的社会问题，写一篇文章，说明这个问题的重要性以及可能的解决方案。
（答案略）请注意：以上模拟题及答案仅供参考，实际托福考试的题型和内容可能会有所不同。
托福考试复习模拟试题及答案
托福考试复习模拟试题及答案2017年托福考试复习模拟试题及答案学习靠积累，记忆靠理解，经验靠反思，熟练靠练习。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年托福考试复习模拟试题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!The largest of the giant gas planets, Jupiter, with a volume 1,300 times greater than Earth's, contains more than twice the mass of all the other planets combined. It is thought to be a gaseous and fluid planet without solid surfaces, Had it been somewhat more massive, Jupiter might have attained internal temperatures as high as the ignition point for nuclear reactions, and it would have flamed as a star in its own right. Jupiter and the other giant planets are of a low-density type quite distinct from the terrestrial planets: they are composed predominantly of such substances as hydrogen, helium, ammonia, and methane, unlike terrestrial planets. Much of Jupiter's interior might be in the form of liquid, metallic hydrogen. Normally, hydrogen is a gas, but under pressures of millions of kilograms per square centimeter, which exist in the deep interior of Jupiter, the hydrogen atoms might lock together to form a liquid with the properties of a metal. Some scientists believe that the innermost core of Jupiter might be rocky, or metallic like the core of Earth.Jupiter rotates very fast, once every 9.8 hours. As a result, its clouds, which are composed largely of frozen and liquid ammonia, have been whipped into alternating dark and bright bands that circle the planet at different speeds in different latitudes. Jupiter's puzzling Great Red Spot changes size as it hovers in the Southern Hemisphere. Scientists speculate it might be a gigantic hurricane, which because of its large size (the Earthcould easily fit inside it), lasts for hundreds of years.Jupiter gives off twice as much heat as it receives from the Sun. Perhaps this is primeval heat or heat generated by the continued gravitational contraction of the planet. Another starlike characteristic of Jupiter is its sixteen natural satellites, which, like a miniature model of the Solar System, decrease in density with distance — from rocky moons close to Jupiter to icy moons farther away. If Jupiter were about 70 times more massive, it would have become a star, Jupiter is the best-preserved sample of the early solar nebula, and with its satellites, might contain the most important clues about the origin of the Solar System.1. The word "attained获得，达到" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) attempted(B) changed(C) lost(D) reached2. The word "flamed" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) burned(B) divided(C) fallen(D) grown3. The word "they" in line 7 refers to(A) nuclear reactions(B) giant planets(C) terrestrial(D) substances4. According to the passage , hydrogen can become a metallic-like liquid when it is(A) extremely hot(B) combined with helium(C) similar to atmospheres(D) under great pressures5. According to the passage , some scientists believe Jupiter and Earth are similar in that they both have(A) solid surfaces(B) similar masses(C) similar atmospheres(D) metallic cores6. The clouds surrounding Jupiter are mostly composed of(A) ammonia(B) helium(C) hydrogen(D) methane7. It can be inferred from the passage that the appearance of alternating bands circling Jupiter is caused by(A) the Great Red Spot(B) heat from the Sun(C) the planet's fast rotation(D) Storms from the planet's Southern Hemisphere8. The author uses the word "puzzling" in line 17 to suggest that the Great Red Spot is(A) the only spot of its kind(B) not well understood(C) among the largest of such spots(D) a problem for the planet's continued existence9. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following conclusions?(A) Jupiter gives off twice as much heat as the Sun.(B) Jupiter has a weaker gravitational force than the other planets.(C) Scientists believe that Jupiter was once a star.(D) Scientists might learn about the beginning of the Solar System by Studying Jupiter.10. Why does the author mention primeval heat (lines 21)?(A) To provide evidence that Jupiter is older than the Sun(B) T o provide evidence that Jupiter is older than the other planets(C) To suggest a possible explanation for the number of satellites that Jupiter has(D) To suggest a possible source of the quantity of heat that Jupiter gives off11. According to the passage , Jupiter's most distant moon is(A) the least dense(B) the largest(C) warm on the surface(D) very rocky on the surface12. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage ?(A) If Jupiter had fewer satellites, it would be easier for scientists to study the planet itself.(B) If Jupiter had had more mass, it would have developed internal nuclear reactions.(C) If Jupiter had been smaller, it would have become a terrestrial planet.(D) if Jupiter were larger, it would give off much less heat1答案：DABDD ACBDD AB。
中石油托福试题
中石油托福试题30 道1. What did the man say about the project?A. It will be completed on time.B. It is behind schedule.C. It has been canceled.答案：A解析：听力中提到男人说这个项目会按时完成，选项 B 是项目落后于进度，选项C 是项目被取消，与听力内容不符。
2. Where will the meeting take place?A. In the conference room.B. In the office.C. In the cafeteria.答案：A解析：听力中明确提到会议将在会议室举行，选项 B 办公室和选项 C 餐厅不符合听力内容。
3. Who is going to give the presentation?A. Mr. Smith.B. Mrs. Johnson.C. Miss Brown.答案：B解析：听力中提到是Mrs. Johnson 要做演讲，选项 A 和选项 C 错误。
4. What time does the train leave?A. At 8:00.B. At 8:30.C. At 9:00.答案：B解析：听力中提到火车八点半出发，选项 A 和选项 C 时间错误。
5. How many people will attend the event?A. 50.B. 100.C. 150.答案：B解析：听力中说有一百人会参加这个活动，选项 A 和选项 C 不符合。
6. What is the woman's job?A. A teacher.B. A doctor.C. An engineer.答案：C解析：听力中女人提到自己是工程师，选项 A 教师和选项 B 医生错误。
7. Where did the man go on vacation?A. Paris.B. London.C. New York.答案：A解析：听力中男人说自己去了巴黎度假，选项 B 伦敦和选项 C 纽约错误。