Life Cycle of Dwellings
朗诗集团简介(中英对照)
社会价值
Social Value
朗诗自2001年成立以来，一直以绿色科技人居为企业愿景和发展战略，始终致 力于绿色建筑产品的技术研发，向客户提供健康、舒适、环保、减排的绿色住宅产品 及服务。 Founded in 2001, with the vision and development strategy of green sci-tech habitat, Landsea dedicates to researches in green construction product, to provide healthy, comfortable, environment-protective and emission-reducing housing products and services. 2004年，南京朗诗国际街区项目惊艳问世，在项目共36.8万平方米的建筑面积 上，全部采用地源热泵对住宅供冷供热，这一指标不仅成为国内住宅小区首例，也在 全球科技住宅中居首位。
公司战略
Corporate Strategy
朗诗将成为：持续保持绿色建筑科技创新、绿色建筑产品、绿色物业服务的 行业领先地位，持续创造客户价值、员工价值与股东价值，持续推动绿色、低碳、 环保、可持续发展的受人尊敬的最优秀的绿色企业。
Landsea will be an excellent and honorable green enterprise in the following ways: be the leader of this industry in technological innovation of green building, green building products and green property management; constantly creates customer value, staff value and stockholder value; accelerates development of green and low carbon construction, environment protection and sustainable development.
语法填空高考真题
Section 15语法填空两年高考真题演练A(2015·新课标全国Ⅰ)Yangshuo，ChinaB(2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)__1__(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __2__ most modern of architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __3__(able) to “air condition”a house without __4__(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __5__(slow)during cool nights，thus warming the house.When a new day breaks，the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __6__ (cool) the house during the hot day：__7__ the same time，they warm up again for the night.This cycle __8__ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As__9__(nature) architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly__10__thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.C(2015·广东高考)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife andchildren.He owned __1__ farm, which looked almost abandoned.__2__ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby __3__ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what __4__ (leave)．The cow was their only means of support, in fact.One day, the cow was eating grass __5__ it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away, she __6__ (fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living __7__ the cow.In order to support his family, Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees __8__ (sell) the wood.Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too.When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market __9__ people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to __10__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.D(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It __1__ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it __2__(actual) caught fire and burned.Now，years later，this river is one of __3__ most outstandingexamples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasn't changed in a few days __4__ even a few months.It took years of work __5__ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __6__(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit __7__ is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation，don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are __8__ (amaze) stories of instant transformation，for most of us the __9__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be __10__(patience)．E(2F(2014·辽宁高考)Jonny：Hey！I'm just practicing Tai Chi(太极)．Would you like to join me?Peter：I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?Jonny：It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this.Peter：OK.Don't laugh __1__ me.I may look funny.Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and __2__(soft)．Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly，then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.Peter：I cannot control my body well.My legs become __3__ (pain)．Jonny：Keep __4__ (hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let __5__ stay in the air for seconds.Peter：I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi __6__ (call)“shadow boxing”in English.It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well __7__ strong.In real competition，a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The __8__ (hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh...，__9__ you don't mind，I'll stop and take a deep __10__．一年模拟试题精练A(2015·南昌调研)Some inventions happen in strange ways. The potato chip is one of them.Moon's Lake House was __1__ restaurant in New York in the 1850s. George Crum was the cook there. Many rich people often came to the restaurant __2__(enjoy) his cooking.The one thing that really upset Crum was __3__ a customer complained about the food and sent it back to the kitchen to be done over. He would often return it overcooked. He was happy to see the customer walk out of the restaurant __4__(angry)．On August 24，1853, a customer returned his fried potatoes to the kitchen，__5__ they weren't crunchy(脆的) enough.Crum reacted in his __6__(usually) way. He cut the potatoes very thin and cooked them in hot oil. They were so crunchy and Crum was sure that the man would refuse __7__(eat) them. Instead, the man loved them. He even asked for more.Now, do you know __8__ invented the potato chip? It's George Crum! He __9__(late) set up his own restaurant. He named it Crum's House. He put baskets of his potato chips on all the tables. They made his restaurant a very popular place.Today, potato chips are one of Americans' __10__(favor) foods!B(2015·河北五校联盟质监)Mike：I'd like to buy a computer. Could you please give me __1__ advice?Rose：Yes, with __2__(please). I've got some information about computers. Computers with a P4 work much __3__(fast) than other ones.Mike：How about computers with a P3?Rose：Oh, very good，__4__ they don't work as fast as P4 computers, yet they are much cheaper. Generally __5__(speak), they can meet people's __6__ (need) very well.Mike：I think I __7__ buy the fastest one I can get. My old computer was out of work lately. It __8__(work) slowly. I've got tired of that working speed.Rose：I don't think __9__ is necessary for you to buy the fastest one. It would be a waste of money. A P3 computer is __10__ (probable) good enough for you.Mike：Thank you for your advice. Can you help me choose one?C(2015·大庆质检二)Years ago, when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries, I __1__(live) in the heart of a city. The rent for my apartment was really cheap __2__ it was in the middle of one of the busiest neighborhoods in town.People who visited me used to ask me __3__ I could sleep.“Doesn't the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to __4__ much noise？”Yousee, there were also rows and rows of shops and bars playing loud music day and night and my apartment was above a really loud and noisy __5__．But I found it all fascinating. If I were ever short __6__ cash and couldn't afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take __7__ look around. You see, there were always a great number of tourists visiting the shops, so I could always find someone __8__ (interest) to talk with. And Joe, the owner of the bar below me, could always give me a little money to survive on in exchange for __9__(do) a few odd jobs for him. At the time, I suppose, I thought I was poor. Sometimes, we don't realize how __10__(fortune) we are, do we?D(2015·邢台摸底)(Near the school gate, a woman driver was stopped by a traffic officer.)Officer：Madam, do you know how fast you were going just now?Driver：(Looking at the record.) Uh, well, no! I didn't think I was going that fast...Officer：This is a 25 mph zone, Madam. You see that school over there? You __1__(go) 35 mph.Driver：__2__ today is Sunday, sir. There is no school today.Officer：Madam, there __3__(be)signs that say what the speed limit is. Besides, children often come to school on the weekend __4__(play)sports. You see all those kids over there? What __5__ you hit one of them by accident?Driver：I'm __6__(terrible)sorry, Officer. I won't do it again. Could you please let me off with __7__ warning?Officer：I'm afraid I can't do that, Madam. In school zones, I'm required to give tickets to all drivers __8__ break the rules. It's the law in this county.Driver：Oh, dear！How __9__ is this going to cost me?Officer：I don't know, Madam. Usually, these things can be taken care of for __10__(little) than $ 100. Now please sign here at the bottom.Driver：OK.E(2015·山西四校联考二)I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression.My parents noticed but felt that since I'd always been __1__ good child, this was temporary.__2__(fortunate), it was not to be so. I didn't have friends. Hardly could I share my problems. Deep worry began to destroy my __3__(confident). Finally I refused to attend classes，__4__(shut) myself in my room for hours.The examination was approaching, but I simply didn't care. My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance. One morning，__5__ a particularly severe lecture from my father, I stoodat the school gate，__6__ (depress). Then as the other students marched to their classrooms, our headmaster called me. The next forty－five minutes was one of the most precious __7__(moment) in my life.She said she __8__(notice) a big change in me and wondered why. At first she took my hands in __9__(she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries. Then she hugged me as I wept. Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug.No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster，__10__ helped me out simply by listening and hugging.F(2015·日照三校联检)A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing __1__(have)a close knock on Oct. 22. He was so __2__ (absorb) in his smartphone that he didn't see a train approaching until it brushed past him，__3__(throw)him to the ground. This should serve __4__ a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings，especially __5__ crossing roads.__6__(lucky), the man survived a brush with death，but the incident forced the driver __7__(stop)the train. An 18－minute delay followed the incident，__8__ led to a break in the running of other trains on the route.Smartphone __9__(addicted)has spread like an infectious disease. It's evident that it will do great harm to society. What's even __10__(bad),some addicts become impatient with relatives and friends.Some people blame the smartphone for the tragedy，yet in fact people's weakening self－control and self－discipline are to blame.G(2015·贵州七校联盟联考一)I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting __1__ my car broke down near a remote village.Cursing my __2__(fortune), I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me __3__(argue) as to who should have the honour of receiving me __4__ a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of __5__ 80－year－old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me settled into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse __6__ my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away __7__ there was a garage.I had noticed three hens __8__(run) free in my hostess' courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. Other villagers brought me goats' cheese and honey. We drank together and talked __9__(merry) till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village. I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I __10__(cause) her. But she refused.H(2015·云南师大附中适应性考试四)Paris Fashion WeekIt is a clothing trade show semi－annually held in Paris，France，with Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter events __1__(take) place each year. Fashion Week in Paris is given twice a year right after the Milan Fashion Week. Dates are fixed by the French Fashion Federation. Currently it is held in Carrousel du Louver and at some __2__ places throughout the city. Paris Fashion Week is __3__ of the big four fashion weeks internationally，the others being London Fashion Week, Milan Fashion Week and New York Fashion Week. They are to show the fashion industry __4__ the various brands will be releasing and __5__(increase) their sales.Paris，__6__(regard)as a fashion capital like New York，Milan，and London, happens to be the headquarters (总部) of many top fashion houses like Chanel, Dior, Hermes，Louis Vuitton, etc. The French fashion has made an __7__(impress) mark on its fans by elegance and beauty. Paris's cultural diversities __8__(present)widely by the fact that many worldwide designers are pleased to show up with their new __9__(design)．In 2014，Paris Fashion Week for Spring/Summer started from 26 June to 30 June __10__ the Autumn/Winter event was from 24 September to 2 October.Section 15语法填空【两年高考真题演练】A【语篇导读】桂林山水甲天下，阳朔风光甲桂林。
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题(第01周)每周一测
2017 年7月9日每周一测Ⅰ. 用适合的冠词填空1.Long long ago there was ________ old king who had ________ very beautiful daughter.2.He was a famous teacher before he turned ________ lawyer.3.If you want to improve your working efficiency ， it will be ________ must for you to make ________ most of your time.4. — Well ，that is one of ________ most expensive hotels in town ，I'm afraid.— Do you mean we'd better choose ________ cheaper one?5.We Chinese have a dream— ________ dream to turn a well － off life into ________ reality by 2020.6.Here is ________ very person we are looking for ， one with ________ good knowledge of German.7.It is ________ great pleasure for me to give a speech on ________ nature of human beings.8.Today the Internet is playing ________ important and essential role in our life.， I accepted ________ offer of an 80－year － old peasant womanwho lived alone in a little house.10.Mr Smith was elected ________ president of our school yesterday.II. 单句语法填空1.What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _______ _(able) to “air condition ”a house without using electric equipment.2.I'd skipped nearby Guilin ， a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops anddark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ________ (painting).3. There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some ________ (think)and then let me know.4. Some schools will have to make ________ (adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform.5. — Go and say sorry to your Mom ， Dave.— I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my ________ (apology).6.One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ (stressful)is to talk about feelings withsomeone you trust.7.It is important to remember that success ________ (be) a sum of small efforts made eachday and often ________ (take) years to achieve.8.This cycle ________ (go)day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off duringthe night and thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.9.All we need ________ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.10.Generally ， students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ (be)essential to their development.III.阅读理解阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、 B、 C 和 D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。
2017雅思A类大小作文合编
流程smoked fish制作过程：大作文：Art classes, like painting and drawing, are not as important asyour own opinion.小作文：The best solution to traffic congestion in cities is offering free transportIn modern society, ambition is more and more important. HowSome people want the government to spend money on looking for otherDiscuss both views and give your own opinion.The diagram below shows the process of fish smoking.attitude from negative to positive?The first chart below shows the value of goods that Australia imported from China and those exported to China from Australia.The second chart shows the types of goods imported from China in 2003 and 2004.Some people believe that children can learn effectively by watching TVno role of teacher in modern education. Do you agree or disagree? The chart shows the percentages of both males and females who ate 5 kinds of fruits and vegetables per day of 7 age groups in the UK in 2006.In the past, people store knowledge in the books. Nowadays peopleIn some countries around the world men and women are having babiesdisadvantages?The plans below show the information on the first floor of a particular library in 1995 and the same area at the present time.Select the main features shown below and give comparison where relevant.In the past, people lived in the same place in their life. However, it isSome people say that advertising has positive economic effect. OthersSome young people commit serious crimes, such as robbery or violent adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?In some countries, it is possible for people to have a variety of food thatThe government should control the amount of violence in films and on what extent do you agree or disagree?Detailed description of crimes on newspaper and TV can have badinformation by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.Some people think living in big cities is bad for people's health. ToSome people think that university should not provide theoreticalGive details of the ways and compare them where possible.Some people think a country benefits from a large proportion of young6/24/2017Government funding should only provide scholarships for best students.All other funding should come from student fees and privateorganisations. To what extent do you agree or disagree?7/8/2017 The chart below shows the health spending among five differentcountries in 2002.In many parts of world, children have more freedom than they used tohave. Is this a positive or negative development?7/15/2017 The table below shows the percentage of people living in three types of dwellings in Australia in 2001 and 2006Location Victoria The NorthernTerritoryTasmania200122062001200620012006house767667658886semi-detached121391044flat/apartment11128978other11121111Some people think parents should read or tell stories to children. Othersthink parents needn’t do that as children can read books or watch TV,movies by themselves. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 7/20/2017 The charts and the pie show the number of students at university in a particular European country, the government’s annual spending on eachstudent between 1984 and 2009, and the percentages of students’economic family background.More attention is paid to being “responsible tourists〞in order toThe map shows the escape plan in second floor of a student accommodation.Students in university should be specializing in one subject rather thanIn recent years pressure on school and university students has beenyou think this is a positive or negative development?The charts show pollutants entering a particular area of ocean in 1997 and in 2007Pollutants entering a particular area of oceanFull-time university students should spend a lot of time in studying, butagree or disagree?The table shows information about the numbers of Australian people who visited the seven most popular destinations in 1999 and 2009. Some people think that any money spent by the government inAn increasing number of people change their career and place ofand give your own opinions.The diagram shows how soft cheese is made.In some countries, the widespread use of the Internet has given peopleopinion.The chart shows in 2007, how happy the students were with 3 different facilities in a university in UK.Some people think young people are not suitable for important give your own opinion.Today, people in many countries choose to work and live whereverSome people say that government should spend money on measures toopinion.Differences in average daily protein and calorie intake.Online shopping is replacing shopping in stores. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?The diagram below describes how to change organic waste in to garden fertilize. Describe the process.As major citiesaround the world are growing fast and many problemscontinued growth?What solutions doyou suggest?The pie charts below show the proportion graduate with science degree and art degree in a company in 1990 and 2010.Too much money is spent on looking after and repairing old buildings.The bar charts show the average retirement age in 6 countries in 2004 and 2008. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.A rise in the standard of living in a country often seems to only benefitMany people believe that social networking sites (Facebook) have had。
高考语法填空考点汇编：非谓语动词(真题+答案解析)
高考语法填空考点汇编（非谓语动词）1. [2021浙江卷1月] In 1985, urban men and women in more than threerural areas.2. [2021浙江卷1月] This maybe due to some disadvantages for3. [2020课标I] Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboardwishes for new beginnings.5. [2020课标II] They make great gifts and you see them manywell-known painter.8. [2020课标III] And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft9. [2020山东卷] Visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟）anda rainforest.10. [2020浙江卷1月] The median（中位数的）age of an American in11. [2020浙江卷1月] The first is declining birth rates, which means old12. [2020浙江卷7月] Agriculture gave people their first experience of the13. [2020浙江卷7月] Later, they learned to work with the seasons, planting at溉）their fields.14. [2019课标I ] Modem methods aremay be congregating（聚集）around human settlements.dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.19. [2018课标I ] You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your20. [2018课标I ] To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises21. [2018课标II] The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve)water quality.22. [2018课标II]China’s approach to protecting its environmentpolicymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.23. [2018课标III] I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65 (challenge).24. [2018浙江]I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years.25. [2018浙江] Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.fat than they need in their diet.28. [2017课标II] This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.29. [2017课标III] B ut unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest).30. [2017课标III] But Sarah wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.31. [2016课标I ] But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.32. [2016课标I ] My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus panda sat Chengdu.33. [2016课标II] If you find something you love doing outside of the office,34. [2016课标III] Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and35. [2016课标III] People probably cooked their food in large36. [2015课标I ] A study of travelers 68 __________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.37. [2015课标I ] A travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 70 _______(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.38. [2015课标II] The adobe dwellings（土坯房）61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.39. [2015课标II] What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 64 (use) electric equipment.40. [2015课标II] When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day.41. [2014课标I ] It took years of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.42. [2014课标II] While there are 68 (amaze)stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.43. [2014课标I] One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried44. [2014课标I] A nd some of them looked very anxious and 63 (disappoint).答案解析1. [2021浙江卷1月] In 1985, urban men and women in more than threerural areas.studied。
高中语法填空的解题技巧(全国卷)
锦绣前程学校锦绣前程·一对一教师辅导讲义人所缺乏的不是才干而是志向，不是成功的能力而是勤劳的意志！学生姓名：年级：老师：叶老师上课日期：上课时间：课次：课题：语法填空的解题思路和技巧知识点、考点：单词的正确形式重点、难点：词性的转换、非谓语动词【知识网络详解】语法填空的空格分为两类：有提示词，无提示词。
一、无提示词（一般是3个）。
空格一般是填介词、冠词、定语从句引导词、并列连词。
①介词＊介词与名词、动词、形容词等的固定搭配；＊空格后有作其宾语的名词，二者一起构成介词短语。
1. Running is more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.2. This trend, which was started by the medical community a method of fighting heart disease...3. My connection with pandas goes back my days...4. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away car...5. the same time, they warm up again for the night．6. I got a place next the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.7. Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.8. So, get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch.9. Corn uses less water rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.10. I was searching these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.11. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands.12. First celebrated 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries.13. Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.14. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack dogs.②冠词＊序数词、最高级前一般填定冠词；＊其他固定搭配中可能填不定冠词。
高考语法填空和短文改错单句训练(动词)(带答案)
高考语法填空和短文改错单句训练（动词）（带答案）一，语法填空单句训练1. When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as it is missing something.2. Steam engines _ _ __(use) to pull the carriages3. Sarah __________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel e arning a million dollars in the new year.4. I was the first Western TV reporter_________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas5. Truly elegant chopsticks might (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.6. We ________(tell)that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week。
7. This cycle ___________ (go) day after day8. It _____（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.9. A boy on a bike _______ (catch ) my attention.10. Suddenly, he _______(find)that he had run out of salt.11. Fast food (be) full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.12. Later, engineers _______(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）13.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __ _ (be) often acceptable.14. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ___________ (be) too violent for use at the table.15. It was raining lightly when I_______(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.16. Yangshuo__________(be) really beautiful.17. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.18. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements19. Scientists have responded by (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements.20. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.21. A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year” for（be）Britain’s oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.22. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene （declare）she had no plans （retire）from her 36-year-old business.23. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I （make）over the years.24. When we got a call （say）she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.25. We couldn't help wondering how long it would take (get)there.26. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.27. On the last day of our week-long stay，we (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.28. Since 2011, the country (grow) more corn than rice.29. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.30. Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.31. China’s approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.32. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel (challenge).33. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal (mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!"34. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me (stay)and watch.35. They are required (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.36. This included digging up the road, ____(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.37.But at the moment, school ___________ (come) first.38. My ambassadorial duties will include _______(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.39. But whatever it is, (make )sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thingto worry about.40. People probably cooked their food in large pots, _________ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.41. A study of travelers _(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.42. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.43. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) （build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.44. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _____ (cool) the house during the hot day.45. This cycle __________ (go) day after day46. It took years of work______(reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water.47. One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ____ (be) late for school.48. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _____(stop) until we reached the next stop.49. Still, the boy kept ______(ride).50.Keep (hold) your position for a while.51.But everyone added a little, always ______(think) that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today.52. He suddenly appeared in class one day, (wear) sun glasses.参考答案：1. are removed 2. were used 3.was told 4. permitted 5. be made 6. were told 7. goes 8. was 9. caught 10. found 11, is; eating 12. managed 13. is 14. were 15. arrived 16. is 17. to perform 18.have reported 19. noting 20. are 21.being 22. declared ; to retire 23. have made 24.saying 25. to get 26. recommended 27. were invited; listening 28. have grown 29. to improve 30. started 31.feeding 32. looking; challenged 33. meant 34. to stay 35. to process 36. laying 37. comes 38. introducing 39. make 40. using 41.conducted 42. living 43. built 44. to cool 45. goes 46. to reduce 47. being 48. to stop 49. riding 50. holding 51. thinking 52. wearing二，短文改错单句训练1. On the way I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came.2. She was smiling and nodding at me. I remembered her words and calm down.3. Last week my parents and I take a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan.4. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.5. We must found ways to protect our environment.6. I was only four when she passes away.7. This custom soon becomes another meal of the day.8. My dream school look like a big garden.9. We choose the cheapest biscuits and ate it under the tree. We thought the biscuits were great。
2014-2018全国卷语法填空专项练习
2018 全国1According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.2017 全国1There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.2016 全国1Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61_(attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65_ I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle- fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects.2015 全国1Yangshuo, ChinaIt was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just be fore dawn. But I di dn’t care. A few hours 62 , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with 63_(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_64 a re pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65 (painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_68 (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it ( regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_70 (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.2014 全国1Are you facing a situation that looking impossible to fix?In 1969, the pollution is terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 61(be)imaginable that it could be ever be cleaned up. The rive was so polluted that it 62(actual) caught fire and burned. Now year late,this rive is one of 63most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But river wasn’t changed in a few days 64even a few months. It took years of work 65(reduce) industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or do n’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such impossible situation, do n’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately.While there are 68(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70(patience)2018 全国2Diets have changed in China —and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission( 排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens ＂offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.＂says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.2017 全国2In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 65 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day.Later, engineers 68 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels ( 隧道）, which became known to the tube.This development was only possible with the69(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 70 (success) of thesenew lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.2016 全国2If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 w hile, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.2015 全国2The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 （build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able) to “a ir condition” a house without 64 ( use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 ( slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; 67 the same time, they warm up again for the night.This cycle 68 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 69 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.2014 全国2One morning , I was waiting at the bus stop , worried about 61 (be ) late for school ..There were many people waiting at the bus stop , 62 some of them looked very anxious and 63 (disappoint) .When the bus finally came , we all hurried on board .I got a place next 64 the window , so I had a good view of the sidewalk .A boy on a bike 65 (catch)my attention .he was riding beside the bus and waving his arms . I heard a passengerbehind me shouting to the driver , but he refused 66 (stop ) until we reached the next stop .Still , the boy kept 67 (ride) . He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting .Finally , when we came to the next stop , the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stoop up and asked,“68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ?” A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “ It is 69 （I）”.She pushed her way to the driver and to the little boy .Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done .And the passengers _70_（sudden）became friendly to one another .2018 全国3I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the 63 (loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65 (challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 66 (science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68 (they) alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay)and watch.2017 全国3She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning £6500 a day as 62 model in New York.Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I do n’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I do n’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.＂2016 全国3In much of Asia,especially the so-called＂rice bowl＂cultures of China,Japan,Korea, 41 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.The Chi nese have used chopsticks for fi ve thou sand years.People probabl y coo ked their food in large pots , 44 (us e) twi gs( 树枝) to remove it.Over time, 45 the populatio n grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it wo u ld coo k more qu i ckly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.2018 浙江Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I 60 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.While regularly eating out seems to 61 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 63 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 65 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice theeffects not only on your health but in your pocket.2017 浙江Last October ,while tending her garden in Mora ,Sweden ,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away .But something made her look closer ,and she noticed a57 (shine) object .Yes ,there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house .“she thought I had hurt 59 (I),”says Pahlsson Sixteen years 60 (early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When shewanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. Shesupected that one of her three daughters-then ten. eight, and six- had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (seareh) the kitchen, checking every corner. but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it.Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted ( 生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.2018 全国161.longer 62.to see 63.dying 64.is 65.than 66.that \which 67.causes68.strengthen 69.energetic 70.it \running2017 全国161. as 考查介词。
(给提示词)语法填空技巧
the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly __50_ thick the adobe walls needed to be
to make the cycle work on most days.
2015年全国卷（Ⅱ） The adobe dwellings( 土坯房 )__b4u1i_lt(build) by the
1. It was raining lightly when I arrived (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
2. This is the first time that I have seen (see) a film in the cinema with my best friends.
made was for my high school English teacher…
5. _U_n_f_o_r_t_u_n_a_t_e_ly__(fortunate),I forgot all about
the birds before Vernon was going to return.
6.Your mistake caused a lot of unneces(snaecreyssary)
高三英语二轮复习语法填空公开课导学案
The Skills of Rational Cloze（语法填空技巧）By Melisa ZhangI.Teaching aims1.Introduce some useful skills of the rational cloze.2.Aim to improve the students’ skills of filling in the blanks.II. Teaching stepsStep 1. Lead in1.Watch an episode (片段) of Kungfu Panda 32. Fill in the blanks with the words in the brackets.Master：As I hoped when I sent the message to _______(you) father.Po: You _______ (send) the universe mail ? Whoa.Master : Yes. Because the universe needed you.Po: Me?Maste r: You _________ (final) became the panda you were always _________(mean) to be.Po: But how’d you know I could ?Master: _______the first day we _______(meet), I saw _______future of Kungfu and the past. I saw the Panda ________could unite them both. That is ________I chose you, Po. Both ______(side) of a Yin and Yangand my true _________(succeed).Step2. 方法指导“放大招”之有提示词（动词，名词，形容词）1. 给动词时，首先，分析是填动词（谓语动词, 非谓语动词）还是名词或形容词.1）给动词时，若横线处不填动词，应考虑名词或形容词.①The medicine had many side effects, which proved the ______ was harmful. Therefore, the factory reduced _______ of the medicine. (produce)②Mary was too _________ to tell her family the ________ scene.(frighten)归纳①横线处用作主语，宾语或横线前有形容词，物主代词，指示代词，冠词等限定词时应填_________词②若横线位于be动词后,系动词后或名词前，应填_________词.2) 给动词时，若横线处应填动词,应考虑填谓语动词还是非谓语动词①Jack said the employee _________________(work) at the restaurant in Alaska for two years.②I can still remember I _______________(punish)by my dad because I stole my father’s money.③There_______(be) ice cream and sweets shops.④We must practise speaking and _____________( write) the language whenever we can.⑤John left his town ______ (work) in the big city.⑥I got the gift __________ (buy) by my father.归纳: ①若句中缺少谓语动词，则所给动词为谓语动词，应考虑_______ ______ 和_________三种形式.②若句中有谓语动词，应考虑横线处是做_________谓语还是_________谓语。
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Workshop 7 - Physical Aspects of Design and Regeneration Life Cycle of Dwellings; Analysis and Assessment of Demolition by Dutch Housing Associations
Kees van der Flier André Thomsen A.F.Thomsen@bk.tudelft.nl
Paper presented at the ENHR conference "Housing in an expanding Europe: theory, policy, participation and implementation" Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 - 5 July 2006 Life Cycle of Dwellings; Analysis and Assessment of Demolition by Dutch Housing Associations
Kees van der Flier André Thomsen
Abstract What is the average lifespan of dwellings? Unlike the life span of human beings, the life span of dwellings can technically be endless; prolongation is subject to decisions of the owner. The knowledge about this decision process and the underlying considerations is meager. Recent research shows that, from a sustainable viewpoint, life cycle extension of existing dwellings is a better choice than replacement by new construction (de Jonge, 2005; Klunder, 2005). However, when we look at recent schemes proposed by Dutch housing associations we can see a sharp increase in numbers of less than 50 years old dwellings to be demolished (Thomsen c.s. 2004). What is happening and how can we assess this increase. Following our previous research, our paper gives an overview of contemporary knowledge about the life cycle of dwellings and a conceptual framework to analyse the decision process about (the prolongation of) the life span of dwellings. We will use this scheme to assess the schemes proposed by Dutch housing associations and end with some questions for further research.
1. Introduction What determines the life cycle of dwellings? Recent research shows that, from a sustainable viewpoint, life cycle extension of existing dwellings is (often) a better choice than replacement by new construction. (De Jonge 2005), (Klunder 2005) and a recent OECD whitepaper emphasizes the need for Sustainable Use of the Building Stock (SUBS) in which life cycle extension is a key issue (Awano 2006). However, current praxis is still quite contrary and the awareness of SUBS is still a far cry1. Though the
volume of demolition in the EU is very limited and rather stable in past time, the available statistics show considerable differences between the states and an overall rising tendency. Compared to other surrounding European countries the Netherlands show a disproportional and increasing demolition rate, predominantly due to destruction of social rented dwellings. A recent enquiry by the authors of demolition and demolition plans by housing associations revealed not only the volume of demolition in the past 10 years but also a sharp increase in numbers of planned demolition in the next years, mainly of early postwar apartments (Thomsen and Andeweg-van Battum 2004). What is happening and how can we assess this increase? In our recent survey we questioned housing associations about their demolition plans and motives. We distinguished motives related to building quality (technical /physical, functional and urbanistic), market performance, economic motives and other reasons. We concluded that above all building quality and - in the more recent stock - demand-supply ratio were leading motives; but further inquiring and checking of the answers with referring data on the respondent’s
1 A quick scan of the book of abstracts of the IAHS 2004 Congress on “Sustainability of the Housing Projects” in
Trento, Italy, showed that a vast majority of the papers presented on this sustainability focused conference were focused on new construction and less than 25% in some way on the existing stock. Other conferences, specialized workshops etcetera in the same field show a similar bias. websites made us suspect that other reasons and secret agendas - like disposal of unwanted tenants and redevelopment of attractive locations - also played a decisive role. One of our findings was also that housing associations can be divided in obvious ‘demolishers’ and ‘non-demolishers’: the first group will, in similar cases and under similar circumstances, demolish where the latter definitely does not. Our research showed that the motives of the decision makers were only partly related to dwelling and housing characteristics. Tenancy is a decisive factor and corporate image, management style and managers’ ambitions play a significant role. Regarding the importance of life cycle extension as stated above, we should thus achieve better knowledge of the decision making process of landlords, real estate managers and property owners. Following our previous research, we tried to further examine the demolition process of dwellings and the underlying decisive motives, particularly of Dutch housing associations. We collected existing quantitative and qualitative data about demolition in the Netherlands and surrounding countries and analyzed possible relations with a range of relevant variables like tenure, quality and age, market position and owners characteristics like the volume of new construction and other stock management activities. Based on our findings and relevant literature we tried to distillated a conceptual framework for the analysis of the demolition decision process. And last but not least we tried to answer the question: what is happening? Is there something like a pulling down culture among social landlords? Our paper gives an overview of our findings, preliminary results and conclusions.