2018届上海市普陀区高三下学期二模英语试题及答案

上海市普陀区2018届高三质量调研（二模）英语试题（考试时间 120分钟试卷满分 150分）第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.1. A. At the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.2. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher.D. A boss.3. A. She expected more people at the party. B. She enjoysentertaining small children.C. She has always enjoyed great popularity.D. She threw a surprise party for her friend.4. A. It is 4:10 now. B. It is 4:20 now. C. It is 4:50 now. D. It is 4:40 now.5. A. Mark was too busy to call the man.B. The man saw Mark on the street two months ago.C. The woman had forgotten Mark’s phone number.D. Mark and the woman hadn’t been in touch for long.6. A. The library is closed on weekends. B. He was not allowed to check out the book.C. He had no idea where the book was.D. He didn’t get the book he needed.7. A. The houses for sale are at high price.B. The man is unwilling to look at the houses on sale.C. The houses are too expensive for the couple to buy.D. The housing sellers provide free trips for potential buyers.8. A. The man no longer smokes.B. The man is under pressure from his wife.C. The man usually follows his wife’s advice.D. The man refuses to listen to his doctor’s advice.9. A. The man made a mistake about the date of the appointment.B. The man wants to change the date of the appointment.C. The man is glad he’s got in touch with the doctor.D. The man can’t come for the appointment at 4:15.10. A. The man is worried about his future.B. The two speakers are at a loss what to do now.C. The two speakers will graduate from the college.D. The woman regrets spending her time doing nothing.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A professional diver. B. A rescuer on the Golden Gate Bridge.C. A telephone operator.D. A guard on the Golden Gate Bridge.12. A. Someone has fallen off the bridge.B. Someone on the bridge is being attacked.C. Someone is threatening to destroy the bridge.D. Someone on the bridge is attempting to kill himself.13. A. Call the mother to come right away.B. Try to communicate with them first.C. Help them to get out of their misery.D. Remind them that they have children to take care of.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The standards for being fit vary from person to person.B. A healthy lifestyle is a must for being fit.C. We may not know how fit we are without tests.D. Personal goals are more important than needs to decide whether one is fit.15. A. It is more accurate. B. It is more flexible.C. It is less enjoyable.D. It is less effective.16. A. An accountant who can be as physically fit as an athlete.B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness.C. New concept of fitness and its essential factors.D. Some sports with significant training effect.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Good ideas often start with really silly questions. Bill Bowerman was making breakfast one day. As he stood there making waffles(华夫饼干) for his son, he wondered what would happen if he poured rubber (25)____ his waffle iron. Later, he tried it and the result looked something like the bottom of most sports shoes we see today. Still, whenhe took this idea to several existing shoe companies, he was laughed at. In fact, every single company turned him down. Though rather discouraged, Bowerman persevered and went on (26)____ (form) his own company, making NIKE athletic shoes.Sometimes good ideas grow out of frustration. When Fred Smith was a student at Yale University, he needed to have some paperwork (27)____(deliver) across the country the next day. Smith was amazed to find out that overnight delivery was impossible. He sat for a long while (28)____ (wonder) why. Why couldn’t there be a reliable overnight mail delivery service? He decided to design one. Smith did just that and turned his design into (29)____ class project. His business professor gave him only a C for his efforts. However, Smith was not through. He improved the ideas in that class project and eventually turned (30)____ into one of the first and (31)____ (successful) overnight mail services in the world—FedEx.We know today, of course, that each of these ideas led to an incredibly successful product or service (32)____ has changed the way many of us live. The best questionsare usually open-ended and are often silly. Children aren’t afraid to ask such questions, but adults frequently are. Think how different the world might be(33)____ people never asked ‚silly‛ question!(B)A lot of people in the world today are used to working, going on holiday, and having money—but many of them aren’t happy. Yet other people seem to be really happy, (34)____ ____ they are poor, or have no job, or are surrounded by problems. Why?Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, from the University of Chicago, has interviewed thousands of people who have a happy life to find out how they do it. ‚I (35)____ (study) happiness for over 30 years,‛ says Csikszentmihalyi. ‚My interest in the subject came from my own experience as a child during World War II, when I saw many adults destroyed by the terrible events. But there were always a few who kept their courage, helped others, and were able to give a sense of purpose and meaning to their lives. I wanted to find out how a person (36)____ build a fulfilling and enjoyable life.‛In general, his research showed that people wereunhappy doing nothing. The professor stresses that happy people don’t waste time, either at work or when they’re free. ‚Many people feel the time that they spend at work or at school wasted. But often their free time (37)___ _ (waste) as well. Many people are used to doing passive things—watching television, for example—without (38)____ (use) any skills. As a result, life goes past in a series of boring experiences.‛But it doesn’t have to be this way. The professor has found that people are happy when they get into (39)____ he calls ‚flow‛. When people get very involved in a task that they have chosen, and which is well-defined and challenging, they experience ‚flow‛, a situation (40)____ they don’t notice time passing.People who are not used to happiness can learn how to be happy, says the professor, if they constantly get into ‚flow‛ states. Is happiness as easy as that? Perhaps it is.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Notethat there is one word more than you need.A. caseB. experienceC. growingD. dominantE. exclusionF. varietyG. decliningH. remainI. problematicJ. contributionK. shareThe world faces a future of people speaking more than one language, with English no longer seen as likely to become __41__, a British language expert says in a new analysis. ‚English is likely to __42__ one of the world’s most important languages for the foreseeable future, but its future is more __43__ and complex—than most people appreciate,‛ language researcher David Graddol said. He sees English as likely to become the ‚first among equals‛ rather than having the global field to itself. ‚Speakers, who only use English, of any __44__ of English—American or British—will __45__ increasing difficulty in employment and political life, and are likely to become confused by many aspects of the society and culture around them,‛ Graddol said.The __46__ of the world’s population that speaks English as a native language is decreasing, Graddolreported in an issue of the journal Science. The idea of English becoming the world language to the __47__ of others ‚is past its sell-by date,‛ Graddol said. Instead, he said, its major __48__ will be in creating generations who use more than one language.A multilingual(使用多种语言的) population is the __49__ in much of the world and is becoming more common in the United States. Indeed, the Census Bureau reported last year that nearly one American in five speaks a language other than English at home, with Spanish leading, and Chinese __50__ rapidly. The diversity of language, in turn, has helped to make English the nation’s official language.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.GM (转基因)crops are debatable. On one hand, some farmers and scientists feel that GM crops can make the world a __51__ place. If bioengineers can create crops that are resistant to insects, __52__, then they won’thave to worry about insects destroying plants. In the __53__ of insect damage, crops can grow to feed the poor and hungry. Genetic engineering can create plants with oth er desirable properties as well. Plants that don’t require much water, that can live even in times of drought, can help prevent the widespread __54__ that would occur if people have nothing to eat. It’s easy to see why many people believe that GM crops will help the world meet the difficult __55__ that it will face as more and more people need to be fed.But not everyone thinks bioengineering is a good idea. Other people are __56__. They mistrust the claims made and don’t believe that biotechnology is witho ut __57__. The possible dangers include harming the ecosystem—the inter-related community of plants and animals and bacteria that __58__ the Earth. They __59__ that changing plants can harm our environment, and damage to our surroundings can hurt us. One danger is that GM crops can transfer their characteristics to other plants. Plants that reproduce by spreading their pollen (花粉) in the wind can possibly fertilize wild plants, making them more __60__ to control. Another problem is that GMplants might be a source of allergens (过敏源). This seems __61__, but in the process of making GM foods, genes are transferred that are known to cause problems for some people. Allergic reactions can __62__ from coughing and sneezing to death.Indeed, people hold very different opinions about __63__. While some people look forward to crops that will not rot during the trip to market, others claim that we will ruin our cropland and destroy what we are trying to save. While some people look forward to crops that can __64__ droughts, others claim that contact with GM plants can pollute other crops, making them __65__ for use. For some people, GM crops are the hope of the future; for others, they are a poison that will harm or destroy our farmland.51. A. worse B. better C. less healthyD. more peaceful52. A. in no way B. by all means C. for exampleD. by contrast53. A. absence B. appearance C. caseD. effect54. A. war B. poverty C. starvation D.robbery55. A. challenge B. specification C. standardD. principle56. A. knowledgeable B. supportive C. ignorantD. suspicious57. A. control B. risks C. criteriaD. doubts58. A. turn up B. make up C. give upD. take up59. A. ensure B. worry C. denyD. demand60. A. temperate B. difficult C. efficientD. enjoyable61. A. inevitable B. inaccessible C. unavoidable D. unlikely62. A. suffer B. arise C. startD. range63. A. bioengineering B. allergens C. droughtD. future64. A. cause B. reduce C. standD. change65. A. efficient B. expensive C. unfitD. possibleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)You carry a 1.3 kg mass of fatty material in your head that controls everything you will ever do. This fantastic control center lets you think, learn, create, and feel emotions. It also controls everything your body does. What is this amazing machine? It’s your brain—a structure so amazing that the famous scientist James Watson called it ‚the most complex thing we have yet discovered in our universe.‛Imagine your kitten jumped onto the kitchen counter, and was about to step onto a hot stove. You would have only seconds to act. In situations like this, your brain reads the signals from your eyes and quickly calculates when, where and at what speed you need to run to saveher. Then it tells your muscles to move. No computer can match your brain’s great ability to download, process, and react to the flood of information from your eyes, ears and other sensory organs.If a bee lands on your foot, sensory neurons(神经元) in your skin send this information to your brain at a speed of more than 240 kilometers per hour. Your brain then uses motor neurons to send a message back to your foot: Shake the bee off quickly! Motor neurons can send this information at more than 320 kilometers per hour!Your brain contains about 100 billion tiny cells: neurons—it would take you more than 3,000 years if you tried to count them all. Whenever you dream, laugh, think, see or move, tiny chemical and electrical signals are racing between these neurons along billions of tiny neuron pathways. Believe it or not, the activity in your brain never stops. Countless messages fly around inside it every second, like a super-fast game of table tennis. Your neurons create and send more messages than all the phones in the entire world. And although a single neuron generates only a tiny amount of electricity, all your neurons together can generate enough electricity topower a light bulb.66. By ‚the most complex thing‛, James Watson means ______.A. a supercomputerB. the universeC. humanbrains D. our emotions67. Which of the following statements is true according to the 2nd and 3rd paragraph?A. Brains can download more information than anycomputer.B. The kitten plays an important role in testing humanbrain power.C. Motor neurons in human brains serve to sendcountless messages.D. Your brains can use neurons to send messages backfaster than bees’.68. The author mentions ‚to power light bulbs‛ (Para.4) to show ______.A. neurons can send lots of messagesB. how many active tiny cells brains containC. how much electricity brains can generateD. there is countless information in the brain69. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Powerful brain is a wonderful machine.B. Brains work well in controlling body movements.C. Brain is the most complex structure in theuniverse.D. Human brains are composed of numerous neurons.(B)Read the following car rental agreement of Avis and answer the questions.Kindly indicate your return km reading, fuel gauge(计量器) reading, date and time, and return this envelope, with your keys, to the rental counter.Document numberSafe Driving in South AfricaDRIVER’S LICENCEWhen driving, you must be in possession of your driver’s licence at all times.SEAT BELTSThe law requires that you wear seat belts at all times. DRIVINGIn South Africa, driving is on the left-hand side of the road.SPEED LIMITSGenerally 60 km/hr in built-up areas, 100 km/hr in rural areas and 120 km/hr on highways.PETROLPetrol is available 24 hours per day. Unleaded (无铅) petrol should be used in Avis cars. Credit cards are not accepted for the payment of petrol.SAFETYFor your own safety, keep your doors locked while driving.LOCK UPShut windows and lock all doors and the boot when leaving the vehicle unattended.VALUABLESDo not leave personal belongings such as cell phones andvaluables in your vehicle. They are not covered by our insurance.TYRESAvis undertakes that on delivery of the vehicle to the driver, the condition of the tyres will be agreeable to the laws and the tyre pressure in accordance with the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications(说明书) for ‚normal use‛.It is the responsibility of the driver to ensure that both the condition and inflation(膨胀) of the tyres are appropriate throughout the course of the rental.It is the responsibility of the driver to inspect the condition of the tyres at the beginning of the rental and to make adjustments to the tyre pressure to take into account such factors as the number of passengers, mass of luggage, environment temperatures, speed and road condition.ROAD MAPSMaps of Southern Africa, including city and regional maps, can be found in a copy of the Avis Inbound magazine, in each vehicle or at the Avis Customer Service Center. More extensive area maps are obtainable from theAutomobile Association (AA) and South African Tourism.70. The passage is intended for ______.A. car rentersB. traffic policeC. insurance sellersD. automobile mechanics71. The driver should _________ according to the rules about tyres.A. make the tyre condition agreeable to the lawsB. adjust tyre pressure with many factors consideredC. w ork out the vehicle manufacturer’sspecificationsD. be responsible for driving safety and roadcondition72. What information hasn’t been mentioned in the leaflet?A. The speed limit in different areas.B. The requests of giving cars back to Avis.C. The ways to keep personal possessions safe.D. The instructions to fix flat tyres on the road.(C)Today’s workplace is unique in history. Never beforehave we seen people working together who represent such different backgrounds and experiences. This difference of age, race, gender, and work style makes it very difficult to organize and run a company.As a result, companies are looking for individuals who can manage a wide range of employees effectively. Increasingly, managers are discovering that age differences among workers are a major cause of concern.This has been an important realization. The management difficulties and challenges have led some experts to study intergenerational differences for an understanding of problems in the workplace. What they have discovered is interesting and may provide ways of improving working conditions in companies that employ individuals from different generations.The first thing to realize, they say, is that differences of opinion about the importance of work and how to get work done are not a coincidence. That is, it is not an accident that young employees will be different from older employees. In fact, if employers do not pay attention to these differences, it is possible that anger will build up between people and lead todifficulties in the company.Resentment (仇恨) between members of different generations, if not attended to, can lead to extreme anger and unhappiness and even lasting enmity if people are not careful. That individuals from different generations should come to view each other as if they were from different sides of warring countries should not be surprising.It is natural for individuals from the same generation to form alliances(联盟), to come together for protection. Different generations represent different experiences in life, and these lead naturally to different opinions about oneself and one’s approaches to work.If you were raised in a time of plenty, when products were readily available and relatively inexpensive, you would believe that prosperity is natural and expectable. If, on the other hand, you were raised in a time of scarcity, you would always be careful not to waste things for fear you would not have enough. You would make angry people who seem to believe that problems will always solve themselves. Such optimism in the face ofdifficulties would be a source of unhappiness between you and them. It is difficult, in such circumstances, to achieve a happy, agreeable atmosphere in the workplace.73. What most possibly makes it difficult to organize or run a company?A. Employees are in different generations.B. Employees are of different backgrounds.C. Employees work in different styles.D. Employees are in different races.74. Employers should pay attention to ______ if they want to avoid anger between employees.A. the different understanding of problems in theworkplaceB. the different views on value of work and workingmethodsC. the different generations of employees in theworkplaceD. the different ways of expressing anger in thecompany75. The word ‚enmity‛ is closet in meaning to ______.A. hatredB. sorrowsC. ignoranceD.forgiveness76. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Employees in some companies regard each other as mere enemies.B. Employees’ attitudes towards life are related to the time when they grow up.C. Employees who are raised in a time of scarcity tendto be angry with others.D. Achieving a harmonious atmosphere in the workplaceis the main task for employers.77. What does the writer mainly talk about in the passage?A. Employees should be cooperative and friendly witheach other.B. It is difficult for employers to have workers workin a friendly way.C. The weakness of human nature causes the angerbetween employees.D. The generational differences cause the disharmonyamong employees.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer thequestions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Dolphins have been declared the world’s second most intelligent creatures after humans, with scientists suggesting they are so bright that they should be treated as ‚non-human persons‛.Studies into dolphin behavior have highlighted how similar their communications are to those of humans and that they are brighter than chimpanzees. These have been backed up by anatomical (解剖学) research showing that dolphin brains have many key features associated with high intelligence. Recently, a series of behavioral studies has suggested that dolphins, especially species such as the bottlenose, whose brains weigh about 5lb, could even be brighter than chimps, which some studies have found can reach the intelligence levels of three-year-old children. The studies show how dolphins have distinct personalities, a strong sense of self and can think about the future.It has also become clear that dolphins are ‚culture‛animals, meaning that new types of behavior can quickly be picked up by one dolphin from another. In one study,Diana Reiss, professor of psychology at Hunter College, City University of New York, showed that bottlenose dolphins could recognize themselves in a mirror and use it to inspect various parts of their bodies, an ability that had been thought limited to humans and great apes. In another, she found that they also had the ability to learn an elementary symbol-based language.Other research has shown dolphins can solve difficult problems, while those living in the wild cooperate in ways that imply complex social structures and a high level of emotions. In one recent case, a dolphin rescued from the wild was taught to tail-walk for three weeks in a dolphinarium (海豚宫) in Australia. After she was released, scientists were astonished to see the trick spreading among wild dolphins who had learnt it from the former captive(被俘的). Such observations have prompted questions about the brain structures of dolphins.Researchers have found that brain size varies hugely from around 7oz for the small species to more than 19lb for the sperm whales, whose brains are the largest on the planet. Human brains, by contrast, range from21lb-4lb. When it comes to intelligence, however, brain size is less important than its size relative to the body.oz: an ounce in weight (1oz=28g)lb: a pound in weight (1lb=454g=16oz)(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than twelve words.)78. The which in the 2nd paragraph refers to _________.79. What do bottlenose dolphins do to make Diana Reiss believe they are ‚culture‛ animals?80. The spreading of tail-walk shows wild dolphins have _________.81. What is the main factor that decides the level of intelligence according to the last paragraph?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1、学校里约半数的学生热衷于玩手机游戏。

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上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期英语教学质量检测(二模)

上海市浦东新区2018届高三下学期教学质量检测（二模）II. Grammar and vocabularySection A—10分Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into the London Zoo that a wild puma 21 (spot) forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts decided to investigate.The hunt 22 the puma began in a small village where a woman 23 (pick) blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being 24 it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at 25 place twenty miles away in the evening. 26 it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Several people complained of cat-like noises at night and a businessman on a 27 (fish) trip saw the puma up a tree.The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, 28 where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one 29 have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing30 (think) a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.Section B—10分Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.workB. specifyC. traditionallyD. ingredientE. uneasyF. additionalG. culturally H. block I. determine J. requirement K. criticalA multicultural person is someone who is deeply convinced that all cultures are equally good, enjoys learning the rich variety of cultures in the world, and most likely has been exposed to more than one culture in his or her lifetime.You cannot motivate anyone, especially someone of another culture, until that person has accepted you. A multilingual salesperson can explain the advantages of a product in other languages, but a multicultural salesperson can motivate foreigners to buy it. That‟s a(an) 31 difference.No one likes foreigners who are arrogant(自大的) about their own culture. The trouble is most people are arrogantly monocultural without being aware of it and even those who are can‟t hide it. Foreigners sense monocultural arrogance at once and set up their own cultural barriers, which may effectively 32 any attempt by the monocultural person to motivate them.Multiculturalism is a(an) 33 that has been neglected too often in hiring managers for international positions. Even if your company is not a multinational one, chances are you‟re in touch with foreign customers or manufacturers Do you have the right employee to buildup the 34 ?For 20-odd years, I‟ve run an executive-search firm from Brussels. When clients ask us to find the right person for a new pan-European sales or management position, I start by asking them to 35 the qualifications their ideal candidate would have.Most often they list the same qualities they would want for a domestic position, but with the36 requirement that the new manager be fluent enough in English, German and French to cope with faxes and email. It sometimes takes me hours to persuade clients that the linguistic (语言的)abilities they see as crucial are not enough.Of course, it‟s far more difficult to37 candidates multiculturalism than it is to check their language skills—but it‟s also a far more important 38 to success. I remember a company that asked me to check out a salesman they were planning to send to Mexico. He‟d studied Spanish, and had grown up in New Yor k City—the most 39 diverse place in America. But when I interviewed him, he turned out to have no concept of the great pride Mexicans took in their culture, and moreover he was 40 about Mexican restaurants and markets being dirty and unsafe. I rejected him just asMexican buyers would have if he‟d been selected for the job.I II. Reading ComprehensionSection A—15分Hailing from Sweden, “plogging” is a fitness craze that sees participants pick up plastic litter while jogging adding a virtuous, environmentally driven element to the sport. Plogging appears to have started around 2016, but is now going global, due to increasing awareness and 41 over plastic levels in the ocean.The appeal of plogging is its 42 —all you need is running gear and a bin bag, and the feeling of getting fit while supporting a good cause. By adding regular squats(蹲) to pick up junk and carrying 43 to jogging. we can assume the health benefits are increased.Running and good causes have always gone 44 —just think of all the fundraising marathon runners do. But there couldn‟t be a more on-trend way of keeping fit than plogging.Anything that‟s getting people out in nature and connecting 45 with their I environment is a good thing, says Lizzie Carr, an environmentalist who helped set up Plastic Patrol, a nationwide campaign to 46 our inland waterways of plastic pollution. There‟s been a real 47 in the public mindset around plastics, helped by things like Blue Planet highlighting how disastrous the crisis is,” she says.We need to keep momentum high and the pressure up, and empower people through 48 like plogging and Plastic Patrol.The plastic Patrol app allows users to 49 plastic anywhere in the world by collecting discarded items, photographing them and 50 to the app, giving us a better knowledge of what sorts of plastic and which brands are being thrown out. “I‟d urge all ploggers to get involved,” adds Carr.Plogging isn‟t the first fitness trend to combine running with a good cause, Here are some of o ur favourites:Good GymIts idea is simple: go for a run, visit an elderly person, have a chat and some tea, and run back. 51 among the elderly is a growing problem in the UK. With over 10,000 runs so far, 52 , Good Gym is finding a solution.Guide RunningGuide runners volunteer their time to helping blind people get 53 . By linking themselves together, the 54 —impaired individual can feel safe while both work of a sweat.55 for the HomelessStart-up Stuart Delivery and the Church Housing Trust collaborated last year in bringing clothing and healthy food to the homeless. Deliveries are mostly made by bike, so those who deliver keep fit while helping rough sleepers(无家可归者).41. A. satisfaction B. hesitation C. fear D. control42. A. complexity B. simplicity C. instrument D. expense43. A. substance B. responsibility C. value D. weight44. A. one on one B. head to toe C. hand in hand D. on and off45. A. positively B. neutrally C. objectively D. fairly46. A. accuse B. rid C. assure D. rob47. A. shift B. interest C. aid D. delight48. A. motives B. performances C. exercises D. initiatives49. A. eliminate B. map C. seek D. degrade50. A. leading B. devoting C. ending D. uploading51. A. Disappointment B. Tiredness C. Sickness D. Loneliness52. A. therefore B. moreover C. however D. instead53. A. excited B. ready C. active D. smart54. A. visually B. audibly C. visibly D. sensibly55. A. Running B. Plogging C. Driving D. CyclingSection B—22 分(A)In 1982, I had responsibility for Stephen Hawking‟s third academ ic book for the Press, Superspace and Supergravity. This was a messy collection of papers from a technical workshop on how to devise a new theory of gravity. While that book was in production, I suggested he try something easier: a popular book about the nature of the Universe, suitable for the general market.Stephen hesitated over my suggestion. He already had an international reputation as a brilliant theoretical physicist working on rotating black holes and theories of gravity. And he had concerns about financial matters: importantly, it was impossible for him to obtain any form of life insurance to protect his family in the event of his death or becoming totally dependent on nursing care. So, he took precious time out from his research to prepare the rough draft of a book.At the time, several bestselling physics authors had already published non-technical books on the early Universe and black holes. Stephen decided to write a more personal approach, by explaining his own research in cosmology and quantum theory.One afternoon, in the 1980s, he invited me to take a look at the first draft, but first he wanted to discuss cash. He told me he had spent considerable time away from his research, and that he expected advances and royalties (定金和版税) to be large. When I pressed him on the market that he foresaw, he insisted that it be on sale, up front, at all airport bookshops in the UK and the US. I told that was a tough call for a university press. Then I thumbed the typescript. To my dismay, the text was far too technical for a general reader.A few weeks later he showed me a revision, much improved. Eventually, he decided to place it with a mass market publisher rather than a university press. Bantam published A Brief History of Time in March 1988. Sales took off like a rocket, and it ranked as a bestseller for at least five years. The book‟s impact on the popularization of science has been incalculable.56. What suggestion did the writer give to Stephen Hawking?A. Simplifying Superspace and Supergravity.B. Formulating a new theory of gravity.C. Writing a popular book on the nature of the universe.D. Revising a book based on a new theory.57. Which of the following was Stephen Hawking most concerned about?A. Financial returns.B. Other competitors.C. Publishing houses.D. His family‟s life insurance.58. The underlined word thumbed is closest in meaning to .A. praisedB. typedC. confirmedD. browsed59. The greatest contribution of the book A Brief History of Time lies in .A. bringing him overnight fame in the scientific worldB. keeping up the living standard of his familyC. making popular science available to the general public D creating the rocketing sales of a technical book(B)Conventional wisdom may tell you that a master‟s degree from Harvard Business School in the US is the key to a Fortune 500 job, while the same degree from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, US, means a possible career on Wall Street.It seems that the graduate school you go to somewhat decides your future. And a recent New York Times article reveals the correlation between MBA (Master of Business Administration) graduates at certain US schools and career prospects. To work at AmazonRoss School of Business (University of Michigan)Amazon regularly hires more MBAs from top 10 business schools than big Wall Street firms. And a large chunk of Americans employees are from Ross. Graduate Peter Faricy, vice president of Amazon Marketplace, says the reason behind this is that Ross‟ curriculum-related offerings, a problem-solvingcourse for instance, are particularly well suited to Amazon.To work at McKinsey& CompanyKellogg School of Management (Northwestern)For an MBA, landing a job at McKinsey is like trying to get into a competitive business school all over again. However, Kellogg graduates perform well in the fierce competition. The school‟s MBAs are in demand at elite consulting firms, which hired 35 percent of Kellogg graduates last year, a higher percentage than at Harvard (23 percent) andStanford (16 percent).To work at AppleFuqua School of Business (Duke)Silicon alley hasn‟t always welcomed MBAs. However, two of Apple‟s top 10 executives come from Fuqua. Apple has hired 32 Fuqua graduates over the past five years, and provided 42 internships for Duke students.To start your own companyHarvard Business SchoolThe extensive resources Harvard has devoted to its entrepreneurial offerings in recent years are starting to show real results. By many accounts, it has surpassed Stanford as the top entrepreneurial hot-bed in the US.60. Which university offers students a course on various approaches to difficulties at work?A. Kellogg School of Management.B. Ross School of Business.C. Harvard Business School.D. Fuqua School of Business.61. According to the passage, which of the following is true?A. Consulting companies favor MBA students from Kellogg.B. Stanford produces the greatest number of business leaders.C. To work at Apple, MBA graduates have an advantage.D. Wall Street employs more MBAs from top 10 than Amazon.62. If you want to work in the area of hi-tech electronic products, you may choose to study in .A. Wharton SchoolB. Kellogg School of ManagementC. Ross School of BusinessD. Fuqua School of Business(C)“Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,” George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark‟s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today‟s standards. A Ma rs mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present systems for getting from Earth‟s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs—or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck(敬畏的) staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or au tomated space telescopes. Bush‟s proposal, which calls for reprogramming some of NASA‟s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science—the one aspect of space exploration that‟s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion (推进力)? lf new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark‟s expeditio n and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush‟s proposal is challenged for the following reasons except that .A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people‟s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush‟s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space explo rationD. The achievements in space exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to retain Americas position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the scientists once there won‟t make great discoveries.Section C—8分Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Being simple might be another reason.B. It was the only affordable way to play them.C. We should have admiration for this old technology.D. The current trend for old games shows no sign of slowing.E. Newer consoles and their games are incredibly expensive.F. So it seems like its not …game over‟ for old-school technologyRetro GamingThere‟s no doubt that in today‟s digital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman. 67 And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground—and now they are being talked about—and played again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: 68 I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc... but how can anyone justify £50 to £60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?69 The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says “it‟s important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are…the developers had so little space to work with-your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb-and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today‟s games.70This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.IV. 71. Summary Writing—10分Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60wonds. Use your own words as, far as possible.Every time there is a mass shooting, the debate surrounding guns tends to flare up in America. The abuse of guns has been a serious problem in the US all along, but why doesn‟t the US government just dismiss owning guns privately?The right to own a gun and defend oneself is central to American society. As early as the1600s, when the first Europeans set foot on the continent of North America, they had to face a lot of dangers. They could only rely on themselves. Therefore, guns played a significant role in self-defense. Guns were also important in American‟s Independent War and the Civil War.Secondly, the American founding fathers believed that gun ownership was necessary for a truly free country. If the government distrusts the people and disarms them, then that government no longer represents the people. The Second Amendment to the US Constitution specifies that the American people cannot be deprived of the “right to keep and bear arms.” So the sale and purchase of firearms are leg al in the United States according to law.The importance of guns is also derived from the role of hunting in American culture. In the nation‟s early years, hunting was essential for food and shelter. Today, guns are a vital part of hunting, which remains very popular as both a sport and a way of life in many parts of the country. People spend time with friends, sharing the pleasure that the sport brings.For those reasons, when critics say guns mean violence, they miss a large part of the picture, and they misrepresent the complex nature of America‟s diverse gun culture. Most people who own guns privately, are actually part of the gun culture. They have rational and thoughtful reasons to own and use guns.V. Translation—15分72. 我们常常忍不住秒回刚收到的信息。

上海市静安区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

静安区高三年级英语期中（二模）测试卷（2018.5）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By the seaside. B. In a restaurant.C. In a supermarket.D. At home.2. A. Driving the private car costs little.B. Taking subway requires a special pass.C. It’s more convenient to carry canned fish by pri vate cars.D. It’s uncomfortable to take the subway.3. A. A phone company clerk. B. A mechanic.C. A travel agent.D. A marriage consultant.4. A. The woman should go out to work.B. The woman should take charge of the cleaning herself.C. Maids are not very trustworthy these days.D. He contributes a lot to the family economy.5. A. He is not clever enough for the math club.B. He doesn’t have enough enthusiasm to explore math.C. He lacks former experiences in math study.D. He will be sooner or later admitted into the math club.6. A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D.7.7. A. The woman was mistaken about where she lost her ipad.B. The woman’s ipad might be kept well in the library.C. There’s a very slight chance of finding back her ipad.D. Her ipad is for public use so she might as well buy a new one.8. A. As a science fiction fan, she has already seen the film.B. She will go to deal with a dental problem then.C. She will go for a business appointment then.D. She is not very happy to go to see a film with the man.9. A. Her personal feeling quite contrasts with the research finding.B. Reading books is teenagers’ favourite activity.C. All the researches are offering misleading information.D. Mobile phones have taken none of teenagers’ leisure time.10. A. Previous customers have bought up the ovens on sale.B. Many other goods on sale are still available.C. The man can buy the oven through other channels.D. The oven is now sold at regular price.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passagesand the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To take advantage of cheap sugar cane.B. To reduce carbon dioxide emission.C. To add a selling point for its cola.D. To attract more young customers.12. A. To exchange food recipe(配方) with these companies.B. To share customer information with these companies.C. To get investments from these companies.D. To relieve these company’s dependence on petroleum.13. A. Coca-Cola’s new ways to cut costs.B. Coca-Cola’s transfer to recyclable plant plastics.C. Coca-Cola’s successful partnerships with other business giants.D. Coca-Cola’s efforts to pay more attention to customers’ needs.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It provides jet bursts to strongly clean the body.B. It installs noise-masking effect equipment.C. It has a private doctor stand by the toilet.D. It collects one’s physical data when the toilet is used.15. A. The toilet will be more economical on water.B. User’s doctor can instantly get the data.C. A device inside the basin will be installed.D. Treatment suggestions will be delivered to the doctor.16. A. Because young people are not keen on innovations.B. Because young people are suspicious of the toilet’s function.C. Because the retail price is high for the young.D. Because young people don’t know much about the product.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because it’s an experienced car rental agency.B. Because it provides big discount on the rent.C. Because it’s convenient to collect the car after arrival.D. Because it offers commute cars and cars for long trip.18. A. Unreliable technology.B. Short battery life.C. Potential radiation from electricity.D. Lack of charging points.19. A. €370. B. €400. C. €530. D. €560.20. A. Car rental service fee.B. Insurance fee.C. Gas fee.D. Traffic fine.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.Uh-oh, the new year's just begun and already you're finding it hard to keep those resolutions to junk the junk food, get off the couch or kick smoking. There's a biological reason why a lot of our bad habits are so hard to break – they get（21）______(wire) into our brains."Why are bad habits stronger? You're fighting against the power of an immediate reward," says Dr. Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority on the brain's pleasure pathway."We all as creatures are behaving that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward as opposed to (22)______ is delayed," Volkow says.How this bit of happiness turns into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemicalnamed dopamine. It causes the brain (23)______(pursue) that reward again and again strengthening the connection each time – especially when it gets the right hint from your environment.People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations around them, thus (24)______(destroy) attempts to give up bad habits. Even scientists who recognize it (25)______ show weakness. "I know popcorns are not healthy. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it," Volkow says，"It's fascinating."A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as some companies offer employees outright payments or insurance reduction for adopting better habits.(26)______well paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are still some steps that may help fight your brain's hold (27)______ newly-established habits:Repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior – the same routine at the same time of day. You decide to exercise. Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in casually, (28)______ (make) the striatum(终脑皮层)recognize the habit.Therefore, if you don’t keep doing it, you will feel frustrated.Exercise itself raises dopamine levels, so eventually your brain will get a feel-good hit (29)______ ______ your muscles protest.Besides, try to reward yourself with (30)______ that you really desire. For instance, if you exercise all week or stick to your diet, you could try a fancy restaurant- safer perhaps than a box of cookies because the price inhibits the quantity.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each wordcan only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. necessaryB. infectC. extremesD. refreshedE. spellsF. impactG. accompaniedH. sufficientI. shrinkJ. silencedK. earnedAs the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(干旱), and more intense rainfalls linked to global warming continue toupset our daily weather, we often forget they also ___31___ the quantity, quality, and growing locations of our food. Many foods have already ___32___ top spots on theworld's "endangered foods" list, indicating their possibility to become scarce within the next 30 years.To start with what is ___33___ in many people’s lives, we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and erratic(不稳定的) rainfall patterns, which invite disease and invasive species to ___34___ the coffee plant and beans. The result?Significant cuts in coffee output.And Coffee's culinary cousin, cacao (aka chocolate), is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually prefer warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and ___35___ rain. However, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producingcountries are not expected to be___36___by an increase in rainfall. Therefore ashigher temperatures take more moisture from soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to make up for this loss.A notably nutritious plant, the peanut grows best when it gets five months ofcontinuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything less and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree that the climate of the future will be one of the ___37___, including droughts and heatwaves.The world has already caught a glimpse of the peanut's future fate when last yeara serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S. led many plants to die.According to a financial report, the dry ___38___ caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the___39___in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage vicious marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans.And that satisfying "crack" you get when eating crab(蟹) could be ___40___ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Don’t get sick in July!”This is a common concern in teaching hospitals in the U.S. It’s driven by the academic calendar: July is when the new interns, fresh out of medical school, start work. In other words, it’s when everyone is most ___41___. The theory is that this disadvantage leads to mistakes.So is medical experience good or bad? Well, in most cases, your doctor’s experience is very helpful, allowing her to pick up on a(n) ___42___ symptom earlyin a disease process, when machines still can’t take a hand. She can also determinethe right treatment when your condition falls outside of what is in the ___43___,where newbies get most of their ideas. For many medical treatments, there’s a di rect connection between physician experience and your treating outcome.In a variety of situations, though, experience can backfire. The reason is simple___44___. Doctors are humans too and they ___45___ tricks of the mind—like believing that an ineffective treatment really works. In fact, entire fields of research are devoted to understanding why these errors of thought occur. They ___46___from so-called cognitive prejudice that can mislead even ___47___ practitionersinto making the wrong decisions.Doctors are usually locked onto a diagnosis early and disregard new and___48___ information. For example, a patient may be diagnosed with a quicklyfatal cancer, but then ends up trying various herbal remedies and lives for 30 more years. Instead of analyzing the ___49___ diagnosis, the patient, and maybe even the doctor, may assume that the herbal remedies cured the cancer.Also, some experienced doctors tend to believe evidence when it supports their previous opinion while subconsciously ignoring information opposing it. Let’s say your doctor is pretty certain you have ill digestion and orders a test to___50___ the suspicion, which produces negative result. But she treats you for ill digestionanyway because she was ___51___ with the prior diagnosis by experience.In fact, there are clearly many benefits to having a highly experienced doctor, such as technical proficiency. But there may actually be some unexpected benefits to having a less-experienced one too. She may have a more up-to-date education, boundless energy and perhaps is less vulnerable to biases, freed from the same___52___ for years.To safeguard yourself as a patient, one thing you should always do is ___53___. It may not always be possible to determine that your doctor has met with an unconscious thinking ___54___. But asking questions does force your doctor tothink twice and ___55___ her decision about your case.41. A. innocent B. productive C. inexperienced D. prohibited42. A. slight B. objective C. complex D. sustainable43. A. media B. tradition C. reality D. textbook44. A. psychology B. education C. procedure D. priority45. A. take advantage of B. make sense ofC. fall victim toD. play fire with46. A. spring B. depart C. benefit D. distinguish47. A. highly-motivated B. well-seasonedC. deeply-offendedD. wide-eyed48. A. moderate B. visible C. conflicting D. permanent49. A. initial B. tough C. multiple D. private50. A. evaluate B. operate C. confirm D. revise51. A. preoccupied B. labelled C. associated D. concerned52. A. professional circle B. thinking patternC. academic backgroundD. operating order53. A. investigating B. questioning C. monitoring D. observing54. A. obstacle B. trap C. horizon D. struggle55. A. practice B. accommodate C. justify D. removeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations(震动) as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overh ead. The dive instructor’s eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other staying close to the side of thereef(礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushmoomed up around us. Could it be a giant turtle(海龟) racing past us? They are normally slowmovers so this was very weird behavior. The vibration became so intense that Icould feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly,a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other’s eyes. I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的) for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing tools and sho uting, ”What was that?”Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnesseda huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter(震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.(B)Amazon is presenting to you our weekly bestsellers in the fiction section.Twilight WhispersLinked for years through friendship and intermarriage, the Warren and Whyte families find their charmed world marred when Mark Whyte and his wife Deborah Warren are murdered. Police detectives, hearing about dissension of the families, set out to examine the mystique behind their superficial rapport.Katia Morell, daughter of the Whyte’s housekeeper, is drawn back to her growingplace and is forced to face her life-long love for Jordan Whyte. As many secrets are uncovered, especially about Katia’s biological father, the two young people from rival families are encountering fierce family objection in their search for happiness.10The New ColossusNellie Bly, blessed with courage and reportage skill, lands two front-page stories on the widely-read newspaper, Joseph Pulitzer’s NEW YORK WORLD.Pulitzer is so impressed that he assigns her to a murder case confusing the police—the death of Emma Lazaru. Her investigation leads to tense encounters with somepowerful and ruthless men of the time, when evils run wild on unregulated upper class. Bly has one real ally: a doctor who uses scientific techniques to establish criminal behavior. As the pieces fall into place, Bly uncovers layers of corruption(腐败).The essential connection between the murder case and the prevalent greed and darkness of the then society finally emerges.The Last Days of NightA young lawyer named Paul Cravath, takes a case that seems impossible to win. Paul’s client, George Westinghouse, has been sued by Thomas Edison over abillion-dollar question: Who invented the light bulb and holds the right to power the country?The case affords Paul entry to the heady world of high society—the glittering parties and the dark dealings behind closed doors. The task is beyond daunting. Edison is a dangerous opponent with vast resources at his disposal—private spies, newspapers.Yet this unknown lawyer shares with his famous opponent a compulsion to win at all costs.In obsessive pursuit of victory, Paul receives favors from Nikola Tesla, a brilliant inventor holding the key to defeating Edison.Bones Don't LiePrivate investigator Lance Kruger was just a boy when his father vanished twenty-three years ago. Since then he’s lived under the weight of that disappearance for over 20 years—until his father’s car is finally dragged out from Grey Lake. It should be a time for closure, except for the skeleton found in the trunk. A missing person case gone cold has become a murder.For Lance, the investigation yields troubling questions about a man he thought he knew. But memories can play dirty tricks. For his partner attorney Morgan, uncovering each new lie comes with a disquieting fear that someone is out there watching, killing every witness tied to this decades-old crime.60. In which way is The Last Days of Night different from the other three novels?A. In that The Last Days of Night exposes the evil and the dark dealings of the upper class life then.B. In that nobody is killed illegally in The Last Days of Night.C. In that the leading character in The Last Days of Night has got help from other characters.D. In that the leading character is born into a rich upper class family.61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. In Twilight Whispers, the biggest challenge for Katia and Jordan is the long separation of time and space between them.B. In The New Colossus, the cause of the murder is rooted in the then corrupted society.C. In The Last Days of Night, Paul finally wins the law case because of his client Westinghouse’s vast resources at disposal.D. In Bones don’t lie, Lance Kruger’s father was confirmed by the police as the murdered when Lance was a boy.62. The underlined word dissention is closest in meaning to ______.A. financial worseningC. the loss of powerB. silenceD. conflict(C)If what we did were simply work to live, the reality of our everyday existence would be equivalent to that of stone age man. All of human achievement that makes modern life possible has happened because of the time that has been freed up from the work of everyday survival.For most of the human species on earth man and woman have been occupiedwith the simple business of staying alive in as much relative comfort as possible. Hunting and gathering, finding or building shelter, defending the little that one has from plunder(抢夺), surviving long enough to have offsprings of a mature enough ageto contribute to the welfare of the group—this was initially the main business of living. It has only been comparatively recently, since the agricultural and industrial revolutions that used emerging technologies to free human beings from the drudgery of day-to-day survival, that time has become available to do other than simply survive.However, living to work is a luxury that we should not take for granted, for even now still most of the human race couldn’t be blessed with the pearl.When we live to work we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we wouldn’t be doing it. The term “live to work” implies choice. Working to live denotes theexact opposite: anything will do that pays the bills. Anyone in the latter situationwill attest to the undesirability of being in such a position. Living to work suggests exhilaration in one’s calling; it summons images of freedom and excitement in the prospect of what each new day will bring, whereas working to live suggests little choice if any. “What do you want to do when you grow up?” is a question withwhich most children will be familiar, perhaps even bored. It is a question of what even a young adult can often not be sure of until they have had experiences of many different jobs, or at least the ones they thought to try. But to be forced to work at a task that one does not enjoy day after day for survival would be last choice on anyone’s list. Enlightened humanity, while acknowledging that some undesirablejobs must be done regardless, would acknowledge that if one was motivated in his work, the work would be so much better accomplished.63. The underlined word drudgery is closest in meaning to ______.A. imaginationB. hard laborC. draggingD. familiarity64. It is implied in the text that human beings ______.A. have been satisfied by contributing to the welfare of the group.B. stayed alive in much possible comfort for centuriesC. made little progress before the emergence of technologiesD. were addicted to hunting, gathering and building shelters.65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Human achievements facilitating modern life are done during the leisure time freed from survival work.B. The major early business of humans is to seek chances for technological developments.C. In modern society, most people have enough comforts to make individual choices for work.D. Most adults can answer confidently questions concerning what jobs they want to do.66. The best title for the passage would be ______.A. Technology, a driving force to push humans aheadB. Working to live, a basic condition for pleasant living to workC. Different desires and prospects people have for different kinds of work.D. Working to live or living to work, a choice distinguishing joy from suffering Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentencegiven in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. The appropriate feeding and caring styles were greatly rewarded in all aspects.B. It was claimed that simply feeding and changing them would be adequate.C. Some, however, demonstrate little influence with roughly ordinary behavior pattern.D. Maternal attachment plays a fundamental role in shaping who we are.E. Necessities are not just the availability of food and water.F. And they simply didn’t grow like normal infants.Most people don’t need science to appreciate the importance of a mother’s love.But to understand how early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychologicaland physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent.___67___ In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed fromtheir mothers were found to be clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate(替代的) motherfor comfort.Such experimentations sound cruel. They, however, have been critical inhelping change policies in human orphanages( 孤儿院) in the U.S. For centuriessome orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had “parents” specially devoted to them at the orphanage. ___68___ Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adoptive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to lightin Romania in the 1980s and ‘90s. A ban on abortion（流产) led to a surge in orphanage babies. Simply being fed and changed without individualized affection,some babies present serious problems. Many developed violent behaviors,repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate. ___69___ Their head sizes were especially small.They even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has destructive consequences for both physical and mental health later in life, with long-lasting effects. The persistence of these effects emphasizes the need to intervene early inlife. The Nobel-prize-winning economist James Heckman, has long argued that investing in early childhood education provides a greater return for society thanvirtually any other type of spending. It is obviously reflected in increasededucational success and productivity,. The reduced crime, addiction, distress and disorder point to the same theory. Early life conditions critically affect adult life.___70___ Remove it and the harm is great.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the mainpoint(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as。

上海市奉贤区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案

2017-2018第二学期奉贤区调研测试三高英语II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to End LonelinessUS author Henry Rollins once wrote: "Loneliness adds beauty to lift. It puts a special burn on sunsets and makes night air smell better."Indeed, in the eyes of artists, loneliness never seems togo out of style. There are paintings that portray loneliness, songs that(21) . (inspire) byloneliness, and many works of literature that center around this theme.In the eyes of UK economist Rachel Reeves, however, loneliness is far from romantic. Insteadit's a "giant evil" that's become a serious problem in the country.On Jan 17, UK Prime Minister Theresa May appointed politician Tracey Crouch as thecountry's very first "Minister for Loneliness". Her job is (22)(deal) with the lonelinessthat the country's been feeling--a problem which, according to UK government research, isaffecting more than 9 million people in the country, and (23)be more harmful to one'sphysical and mental health than smoking l5 cigarettes a day.Back in 2014, the UK was given the title of the "loneliness capital of Europe" by TheTelegraph. A survey carried out by the newspaper found that British people were (24)(likely) to get to know their neighbours or build strong relationships with people than those fromother European countries.But this doesn't mean it is the problem (25)(affect) Britons only. In fact, we're all suffering from loneliness now more than ever, in spite of most of theworld now being linked tothe internet,(26)_____has enabled us to be more connected than ever.(27). we need, accordingto Kim Leadbetter, sister of the lateUK politician Jo Cox,is to have“proper human connections"."Our lives nowadays are so busy.We spend the vast majority of our time on our phones, onour laptops. (28)busy we are,we need to press pause on that andactually sit down and speak to human beings," Leadbettersaid at an event last year.But the first steps toward (29)(fight) this problem are to accept its existence and notbe ashamed or frightened by it. After all,.(30) loneliness, many beautiful paintings,songs, and literary works wouldn't even exist. Whether it is "evil" or not, being lonely is simplypart of the experience of being human.Section BDirection: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedonlyRobots Writing NewspapersWhether it's robots working as hotel receptionists or artificial intelligence creating poetry, it'sbecoming more and more common to read about technology doing the jobs of humans. And now,it seems that software is even 31 of writing news stories-such as the very one you'rereading.BBC News 32 reported that the Press Association (PA), a UK news service, hascreated a computer program that's competent to create articles that are almost impossible to tellapart from those written by human journalists. Called "robo-journalism” by BBC News, suchsoftware "teaches" itself by 33 thousands of news stories written by humans. The PA'ssoftware is already so advanced that many UK newspapers and websites publish articles created by it.According to the Reuters Institute of Journalism,many publishers areusing robo-journalism to 34 interesting information quickly, from election results toofficial 35 on social issues.For example, US news organization The Washington Post has its ownrobo-journalism software, Heliograf.According to each website Digiday, Heliograf "wrote" over 850 articles in 2417, as well ashundreds of social media 36 . So what does this mean for regular journalists? "We'renaturally cautious about any technology that could replace human beings." Fredrick Kunkle,“Washington Post reporter, told Wired. "But this technology seems to have taken over only some ofthe work that nobody else wants to do."Indeed, it appears that robo-journalism software is 37 to help humans, rather thantake away their jobs."In the future, Heliograf could do things like searching the web to see what people are talkingabout, checking The Washington Post to see if that story is being 38 , and, if not, alertingeditors or just writing the piece itself, Wired reporter Joe Keoha wrote.However, Joshua Benton at Harvard University's Nieman Journalism Lab believes that whilerobo-journalism is 39 going to become more present in newsrooms, nothing can replacetraditional human creativity."Good journalism is not justa matter of inputs and outputs, it is a craft that has developedover decades," he told BBC News."The really difficultpart of what professional journalists do-carefully 40 information and presentingbalanced, contextualized(全景式的)stories-will be very hard formachines to master."III. Reading ComprehensionSectionADirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard 41 : keeping amoderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have onyour longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 42 longer lives?A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by 43 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more 44 and lessneurotic(神经质的)than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympatheticand cooperative than women with a(n) 45 life span. These findings are in agreement withwhat you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and helpothers can gather enough 46 to make it through tough times.Interestingly, 47 . other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 48 , were no more likely to live to be very old.Also,being 49 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your 50 as an adult is the subject of a longstandingpsychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 51 to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother's personality may also help 52 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids 53 diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we're adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isn't destiny(命运)，and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn't just matter of your physical health but of your mental health.Therefore, it might be 54 to form those personality traits contributing to longevity through health-related behaviours, stress reduction and 55 to the challenging problems.41.A. statements B. definitions C.applications D.explanations42. A. result from B. lead to C.rely on D.consist of43. A. assessing B. interviewing C.examining D.diagnosing44. A. active B. extensive C.persuasive D.sensitive45. A. agreeable B.normal C.changeable D.formal46. A. resources B.associations C.procedures D.interactions47. A, therefore B.however C.furthermore D.otherwise48. A. in other words B.as usual C.in addition D.for instance49. A. resistant B.open C.blind D.alert50. A. perspective B.ambition C.personality D.philosophy51. A, reject B.strive C.claim D.oppose52. A. extend B.restrict C.shorten D.determine53. A. unhealthy B.nutritious C.adequate D.moderate54. A. predictable B.advisable C.sustainable D.enjoyable55. A.temptation B.introduction C.adaptation D.objectionSectionBDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AOne Friday morning, before Michael was leaving for work he told his wife that lie had finally determined to ask his boss for a salary raise. All day Michael felt nervous and anxious as he thought about the upcoming showdown. What if Mr. Duncan refused to grant his request? Michael had worked so hard in the last 18 months and brought some great benefits to Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency. Of course, he deserved a wage increase.The thought of walking into Mr Duncan's office left Michael weak in the knees. Late in the afternoon he was finally courageous enough to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise,the ever-frugal(一惯节省的)Rowland Duncan agreed to give Michael a raise!Michael arrived home that evening-despite breaking ail city and state limits-to a beautiful table set with their best china, and candles lit. His wife, Cassie, had prepared a delicate meal including his favourite dishes. Immediately he thought someone from the office had tipped her off!Next to his plate Michael found a beautiful lettered note. It was from Isis wife. Itread:"Congratulations, my love! I knew you'd get the raise! I prepared this dinner to show just how much I love you. I am so proud of your accomplishments" He read it and stopped to think about how sensitive and caring Cassie was.After dinner,Michael was on his way to the kitchen to get dessert when .he observed that a second card had slipped out of Cassie's pocket onto the floor .He bent forward to pick, it up. It read:"Don't worry about not getting the raise! You do deserve one! You are a wonderful provider，and I prepared this dinner to show you just how much I love you even though you did not get the increase.”Suddenly tears swelled in Michael's eyes. Total acceptance! Cassie's support for him was not conditional upon his success at work.The fear of rejection is often softened and we can undergo almost any setback or rejection when we know someone Loves us regardless of our success or failure.56. What was Michael's plan that Friday?A. To find a job with the Braer and Hopkins Advertising Agency.B. To ask for a wage increase from his boss.C. To celebrate his success.D. To ask his boss to come for dinner.57. On his way back home, Michael_.A. felt weak in the kneesB. was punished by the traffic policemanG. was too anxious to share the news with his wifeD. couldn't wait to enjoy a meal58. Which of the following statements about the story is FALSE?A. Michael was afraid that his request would lead to。

2023届上海市普陀区高三二模英语试卷及答案

普陀区2022学年第二学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.Her working all day long. B.The gathering of friends.C.The annoying housework.D.The busy schedule.2.A.He likes cooking food himself. B.She thinks frozen food is unhealthy.C.He accepts the woman’s invitation.D.She prefers eating outside.3.A.The movie is not suitable for kids. B.The kids like Spider Man.C.The kids were frightened by the movie.D.The movie is quite boring.4.A.Tom invites Susan to his wedding. B.Tom will get married to Susan.C.Susan invites both Tom and Anna.D.Anna will attend Tom’s wedding.5.A.She is drinking tea. B.She likes reading magazines.C.She doesn’t like the pictures.D.She doesn’t know any Japanese.6.A.1hour. B.2hours. C.3hours. D.4hours.7.A.Supermarket. B.Drug store.C.Barber shop.D.The other side of the street.8.A.The bad weather stopped him. B.His shoes were worn out.C.He didn’t like the hiking trip.D.He was too tired to continue.9.A.A full-time student. B.An exchange student.C.A visiting scholar.D.A part-time student.10.A.He is talkative. B.He is bossy.C.He is confident.D.He is trustworthy.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following recording.11.A.The brain function of the mouse.B.The result of a study on mice.C.The way of learning and memorizing.D.The relationship between sleep and health.12.A.Sleep problem. B.Brain disease.C.Cell space.D.Brain structure.13.A.Brain diseases are difficult to solve.B.The reason why scientists and philosophers argue.C.Scientists search for better ways to treat brain diseases.D.The brain of a mouse is the same as that of a human.Questions14through16are based on the following recording.14.A.Protecting against junk food.B.Selling more junk food to people.C.Displaying little junk food on TV or in movies.D.Showing people happily eating unhealthy food.15.A.Because people want to be beautiful.B.Because good-looking people talk a lot.C.Because good-looking people buy a lot of products.D.Because good appearance is associated with products.16.A.He’s the boss of the BBC. B.He sells products to the BBC.C.He doesn't like any advertisements.D.He trusts anyone who admits mistakes.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.A thunderstorm accident. B.A cable problem.C.The quality of television.D.A computer system breakdown.18.A.Lightning. B.Power cut.C.Faulty wiring.D.System failure.19.A.Wait at home. B.Keep the cable disconnected.C.Keep the TV on.D.Call the cable center for help.20.A.On Saturday morning. B.On Saturday afternoon.C.On Tuesday morning.D.On Tuesday afternoon.II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Intentional Travel for the CuriousFor those seeking a different adventure around every corner,the state of Florida doesn’t disappoint.Sun lovers will be fascinated by hundreds of miles of white-sand beaches(21)______they can enjoy themselves in the rays and explore aquatic(水生的)life.Naturalists can get lost in ecological wonders(22)______naturalists search the forests for local wildlife or hike some of the country’s most beautiful trails.No matter your passion,look no farther than the Sunshine State(23)______(satisfy)your scientific and cultural curiosities.Do you want the perfect combination of excitement and relaxing breaks?(24)______(locate)on Florida’s East Coast,Daytona Beach is full of things to do,places to see,and experiences of a lifetime.It is the ideal combination of physical and natural world(25)______promises to make visitors return again and again.When it comes to Florida,people often think of the beaches—and Daytona Beach has some of the best.Daytona Beach(26)______(bless)with23miles of beautiful white-sand beaches.This expansive stretch is one of the few places in the country that you(27)______actually take a drive on the beach—an activity that all who visit Daytona Beach should entertain.Take in the sights and(28)______(breathe)in the fresh air as you leisurely drive down the beach.Or park your car and grab a towel to be in the sun and perhaps enjoy(29)______(explore)Daytona Beach’s offshore reef system.To experience more of the natural world,visit Blue Spring State Park.It is where hundreds of manatees(海牛)seek warm-water shelter from late fall through early spring.Want more exposure to aquatic animals?Ecotourism is one of the best ways to see Florida’s(30)______(impressive)species.The family will love the Marine Science Center,which has a rare fish touch pool and bird observation tower.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.confirmedB.measurableC.previouslyD.determineE.trackingF.habitableG.virtuallyH.sensitiveI.protectJ.surprisedK.systemA New Exoplanet in the SystemIn2014,data from NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope allowed astronomers to announce the detection of three planets orbiting Kepler-138.This was based on a(31)______dip in starlight as the planet momentarily passed in front of their star,a transit.Benneke and his colleague Diana Dragomir,from the University of New Mexico,came up with the idea of re-observing the planetary(32)______with the Hubble and Spitzer space telescopes between2014and2016to catch more transits of Kepler-138d,the third planet in the system,in order to study its atmosphere.While earlier NASA Kepler space telescope observations only showed transits of three small planets around Kepler-138,Piaulet and her team were(33)______to find that the Hubble and Spitzer observations suggested the presence of a fourth planet in the system,Kepler-138e.This newly found planet is small and farther from its star than the three others,taking38days to complete an orbit. The planet is in the(34)______zone of its star,a temperate region where a planet receives just the right amount of heat from its cool star to be neither too hot nor too cold to allow the presence of liquid water.Observing the exoplanet’s transit would have allowed astronomers to(35)_______its size.With Kepler-138e,the masses of the(36)______known planets were measured again via the transit timing-variation method,which consists of(37)______small variations in the precise moments of the planets’transits in front of their star caused by the gravitational pull of other nearby planets.The researchers had another surprise:they found that the two water worlds Kepler-138c and d are twin planets,with (38)______the same size and mass,while they were previously thought to be greatly different.The closer-in planet, Kepler-138b,on the other hand,is(39)______to be a small Mars-mass planet,one of the smallest exoplanets known to date.“As our instruments and techniques become(40)______enough to find and study planets that are farther from their stars,we might start finding a lot more water worlds like Kepler-138c and d,”Benneke concluded.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Challenge-based learning is often focused on the challenges that have global impact.The students,who(41) ______the challenge,often don’t know what the solution will be.The facilitator is keeping them from(42)______a solution too early,and encourages to analyze the challenge from multiple points of view,and from different scientific perspectives,”says Vilma Sukacke,a researcher at Kaunas University of Technology(KTU),Lithuania.Such a learning approach is very fitting to sustainability education,which,according to various scholars,(43) ______a contextual,problem-oriented,reflective,interdisciplinary(跨学科),collaborative,participatory,and empowered learning environment.In other words,educators have to(44)______from more traditional teacher-centred education to becoming instructional designers of student-centred education.Aiming to evaluate the(45)______of such approaches,a group of researchers from Lithuanian,Danish,German, Portuguese and Spanish universities conducted a systematic literature review,(46)______the three active learning methods,i.e.,project-,problem-and challenge-based learning according to the ADDIE(analysis,design,development, implementation,and evaluation)framework.(47)______the educators agree that problem-based learning(PBL),project-based learning(PJBL)and,more recently,challenge-based learning(CBL)are efficient in teaching the students to(48)______technology in real-life situations and improving their transversal(横向)skills,such as teamwork,communication and conflict resolution,the application of these methods in the classroom may be challenging for both sides.“In my practice,I have noticed that sometimes students are(49)______innovative learning methods and are considering them as a sort of a game.As these classes often take place in a playful environment,full of different pencils, colorful notes and building blocks,it’s difficult for the students to take them(50)______.Therefore,it’s very important to(51)______the methods and the goals to the learners very clearly,”says Professor Saule Petroniene from KTU Faculty of Social Sciences,Arts and Humanities,a co-author of the study.According to her,to successfully apply unconventional teaching methods is a challenge for a beginning teacher. However,this effort(52)______,especially when students continue their activities outside school and focus on solving (53)______social problems.Researchers believe that the(54)______of CBL,PJBL,and PBL requires a paradigm(范式)shift,where organization,staff and students change their view to education and learning.In this process,both teachers and students need to apply new skills and(55)______roles that they might not have needed before.41.A.allow B.introduce C.accept D.expect42.A.carrying on B.focusing on C.applying for D.inquiring about43.A.cares about B.tells of C.turns to D.calls for44.A.shift B.differ C.suffer D.learn45.A.outcome B.efficiency C.impact D.value46.A.exploring B.applying C.modifying D.explaining47.A.Whether B.As long as C.Although D.Because48.A.develop B.include C.associate D.integrate49.A.approving B.questioning C.preventing D.adopting50.A.affectionately B.calmly C.seriously D.coolly51.A.transfer B.change municate D.express52.A.pays off B.goes away C.gives off D.breaks down53.A.subjective B.real C.imaginary D.virtualbination anization C.realization D.cooperation55.A.take on B.put away C.send for D.deal withSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Mona Lisa,also called Portrait of Lisa Gherardini,wife of Francesco del Giocondo,Italian La Gioconda,or French La Joconde,oil painting on a wood panel by Leonardo da Vinci,is probably the world’s most famous painting.It was painted sometime between1503and1519,when Leonardo was living in Florence,and it now hangs in the Louvre Museum,Paris,attracting people throughout the world to see it in the21st century.The sitter’s mysterious smile and her unproven identity have made the painting a source of ongoing investigation and fascination.But at least a dozen excellent copies of the Mona Lisa exist,many of them by Leonardo’s students.One such copy at the Prado Museum in Madrid was thought to have been painted years after the original.However,during the restoration of the painting in the early2010s,which included using advanced reflexology to examine the work beneath the surface,conservators discovered that the painting had changes that mirrored those of the original.The findings suggested that the artist—likely one of the master’s assistants—painted the copy as Leonardo worked on the Mona Lisa in his studio.Thus,“the Prado version”became the only known copy completed during Leonardo’s lifetime. Conservators cleaned the entire painting and removed its black background,revealing a detailed landscape resembling Leonardo’s version and vibrant colors,possibly arousing those of the original before the paint applied by early restorers darkened over time.Other copies of the Mona Lisa include so-called Isleworth Mona Lisa,which some critics claim is da Vinci’s first edition.The claim was a controversial one,with several leading Leonardo scholars flatly denying it.Numerous interpretations,often referred to as Monna Vanna,also exist and were likely completed by Leonardo’s students with occasional input from their master.In June,a copy of the Mona Lisa is said to have been sold for a record2.9million euros(22million yuan)at Christie’s in Paris.The copy is believed to have been made by a follower of Leonardo da Vinci in the early17th century and later was purchased by Harkin in1953from an art dealer in Nice,France,hence it got the name Heggin’s Mona Lisa. High imitation is also worth money!As the art investment market heats up,various art reproductions continue to emerge. Collectors have not shut out these fine copies,some of which have not only made it into the house,but also sold for high prices.Is it really worth it to pay a high price for an art reproduction?This issue is getting more and more attention from collectors.56.What can we learn about Mona Lisa in Para.1?A.This painting has been sold out.B.Her smile and identity arouse people’s curiosity.C.The painting is said to be hanging in Florence now.D.The painting was created by Leonardo da Vinci in France.57.What does“the Prado version”refer to in the passage?A.All the restored copies.B.The works of early restorers.C.A copy from the Prado Museum.D.An excellent copy of da Vinci.58.Why don’t collectors turn away these wonderful reproductions?A.Because of the entertainment.B.Because of the love for painters.C.Because of the short supply.D.Because of the high returns.59.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A.Mona LisaB.Other Mona LisasC.Mona Lisa’s SmileD.Mona Lisa’s ValueIf you really want to see all that Yellowstone Park has to offer,it would take you a lifetime!However,most of us do not have a lifetime to spend in Yellowstone,but in2-3full days,you will be able to hit most of the highlights.There is no such thing as racing around the park.Yellowstone has154miles of a main highway,known as the Grand Loop Road.The general park speed limit is45miles per hour but in normal traffic,you will be lucky to average30miles per hour.Figure at least an hour of driving time for every thirty miles of distance.If you plan to get off the bus and visit the park,it will take at least1.2to2hours at almost every stop.In addition,there will be any number of unscheduled stops,such as waiting for wild animals to cross the roadA suggested starting point for your tour of Yellowstone National Park is to enter through the South Gate,which is approximately sixty-two miles north of Jackson,Wyoming.Everyone comes to Yellowstone to see Old Faithful. Although,not the largest geyser(间歇泉)to erupt in the Park,it is the most reliable regarding the time of eruption.The time of the eruption,the length of the eruption and the height of the eruption vary from year to year.As you enter the Park,ask the Park Information Office if he has information on the expected times for the eruption of Old Faithful.As you drive north on the Grand Loop Road,keep an eye out for wildlife.At Grant Village Junction,turn left(west) and head toward Old Faithful Village.Once at Old Faithful Village,take some time to walk around the boardwalks and visit some of the many other geysers in the Upper Geyser Basin.Include the1.4-mile walk to Morning Glory Pool,one of the most colorful thermal(热能)features in all of Yellowstone.And do not forget to visit the Old Faithful Inn,which is the single most impressive human structure in Yellowstone.Continue on north and visit the Lower Geyser Basin.The area is scattered andfeatures regularly erupting geysers,hot springs,and a fascinating mud pool.Afterleaving the Lower Geyser Basin,continue north to Norris Junction and stay to theright to travel to Norris Geyser Basin.One of Yellowstone’s most popular geyserbasins,Norris is home to one of the Park’s most popular geysers and Steamboat.Inaddition,there are several miles of boardwalks from which you can explore dozensof multi-colored thermal features.A.Some people live in parks all their lives.B.Hardly anyone can see the whole park.C.The park can provide you with everything.D.It’s enough to spend a few days in the park.61.What does the underlined phrase“unscheduled stops”refer to?A.The walking speed of wild animals being affected.B.Travelers’stopping and going in the park.C.The vehicles’being parked in the proper area.D.The traffic’s stopping to make way for wild animals.62.Which of the following travel maps is true according to Paragraph4-5?A. B. C. D.The world is wasting the opportunity to“build back better”from the Covid-19pandemic,and faces disastrous temperature rises of at least2.7℃if countries fail to strengthen their climate commitments,according to a report from the UN.Tuesday’s publication warns that countries’current commitments would reduce carbon by only about7.5%by2030, far less than the45%cut,which scientists say is needed to limit global temperature rises to1.5℃,the aim of the Cop26 summit that opens in Glasgow this Sunday.António Guterres,the UN secretary-general,described the findings as a“thundering wake-up call”to world leaders, while experts called for action against fossil fuel companies.Although more than100countries have promised to reach net zero emissions around mid-century,this would not be enough to avoid climate disasters,according to the UN emissions report,which examines the shortfall between countries’intentions and actions needed on the climate.Many of the net zero commitments were found to be unclear,and unless accompanied by strict cuts in emissions this decade would allow global heating of a potentially disastrous extent.Guterres said:“The heat is on,and as the contents of the report show,the leadership we need is off.Far off. Countries are wasting a massive opportunity to invest Covid-19finance and recovery resources in sustainable, cost-saving,planet-saving ways.As world leaders prepare for Cop26,this report is another thundering wake-up call. How many do we need?”Inger Andersen,the director of the UN Environment Programme(UNEP)said:“Climate change is no longer a future problem.It is a now problem.To stand a chance of limiting global warming to1.5℃,we have8years to almost halve greenhouse gas emissions:8years to make the plans,put in place the policies,carry them out and deliver the cuts. The clock is ticking loudly.”Emissions fell by about5.4%last year during Covid lockdowns,the report found,but only about one-fifth of the economic recovery spending goes towards reducing carbon emissions.This failure to“build back better”despite promises by governments around the world cast doubt on the world’s willingness to make the economic shift necessary to settle the climate crisis,the UN said.In the run-up to Cop26,countries were supposed to submit national plans to cut emissions–called nationally determined contributions(NDCs)–for the next decade,a requirement under the2015Paris climate agreement.But the UNEP report found only half of countries had submitted new NDCs,and some governments had presented weak plans.63.Why were the findings described as a“thundering wake-up call”in Para.3?A.Because the world has failed to deliver on its current promises.B.Because the serious problems were brought about by global fossil fuels.C.Because a global temperature rise of at least2.7℃would be a disaster.D.Because the opportunities presented by covid-19have been wasted.64.According to the author,in what circumstances is global warming avoidable?A.New plans will be made to protect the environment.B.Measures will be taken to reduce emissions in the coming ten years.C.Transitions will be made in response to the global climate crisis.D.Global sustainable environmental resources will be greatly developed.65.What is the author’s purpose in saying“How many do we need?”in Para.5?A.To show the number of alarm clocks required.B.To inquire the number of the countries attending the meeting.C.To explain the reason for the world’s wasting chances.D.To stress the need to save energy and reduce emissions.66.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Few countries have submitted plans to reduce the emissions.B.Most of the countries work under the Paris Climate Agreement.C.Plans to cut emissions of many countries are far from satisfactory.D.Much progress in reducing emissions has been made these years.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.When it rains,water falling on the roof soon flows to the courtyard.B.Many of their houses are well-preserved today,especially in Xidi and Hongcun.C.To talk about Huizhou culture,we must first understand Huizhou.D.People carved beautiful patterns and historical stories on the walls,windows and wooden posts of their houses.E.Features of Huizhou houses display the characteristics of local people.F.Huizhou people have established many schools in the field of culture.Huizhou Architecture Comes to LifeHuizhou has a long history.When successful Huizhou businessmen got old,they often went back to their hometown and built houses to spend their remaining years.(67)__________Now,walking along the bluestone streets there, visitors can appreciate the distinctive Huizhou-style houses,featuring white walls,dark tiles(瓦片)and layered horse-head roofs,and feel like they are lost in a traditional Chinese ink painting.Huizhou architecture,with its long tradition and great diversity,occupies an important place in Chinese architectural landscape,says Zhang Wangnan,director of the China Huizhou Culture Museum in Huangshan.Huizhou houses tend to be built on the natural places,since Huizhou is a mountainous area with few flat areas of land,according to Zhang.Moreover,daylight is valued in Huizhou houses,reflected in the building of open interior courtyards,allowing sunshine to enter the rooms.“Huizhou businessmen also believed that water symbolizes wealth.(68)__________It stands for keeping windfall profits,”says Zhang.Huizhou is famous for its stone,wood and brick carvings,which are widely used to decorate local houses.“(69) __________In this way,they integrate their aesthetic(审美)values and emotions into the buildings,making them more beautiful and educating their children through the meanings contained in the patterns,”says Zhang.(70)__________“If you look at the outside of a Huizhou house,it seems simple,enclosed by walls,but the insides are open and broad,with complicated decorations.It is just like Huizhou people,who are often reserved toward strangers but friendly when you get to know them,”says Zhang.He also says that Ming houses differ from those of the Qing Dynasty in many aspects,for example,having fewer horse-head roofs and less complicated carvings.IV.Summary Writing71.Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.How to Stay Healthy in AutumnIn recent days,the weather in most regions is no longer hot,and people can relax and enjoy the cool autumn. However,there is a big gap in temperature in the morning and evening,and the air is also drier.All of these factors can lead to dry mouth and nose,sore throat,dry cough,dry hair loss and other symptoms.People are more likely to get sick during the seasonal change from summer through autumn.So,here are some tips to keep you healthy and comfortable into the winter months.Do eat watery food.According to traditional Chinese medicine,autumn corresponds to the lungs of the human body. Pay attention to wet lungs in dry weather.The most convenient and easy way to protect lungs in autumn is to drink more water.In addition,you can adopt the diet therapy of traditional Chinese medicine,eating some watery food,like pear and duck meat.Do have easily digested food.People’s spleen(脾)and stomach functions are weakened because of the raw and cold food they had during the long,hot summer.So in autumn,you should give your spleen and stomach a rest.For example, you can choose some nutritious food that is easy to digest to eat,such as fish and red bean.Be sure to take vitamin supplements.Vitamins play an important role in the body’s immune system.The number and vitality of immune cells are related to vitamins when the body resists foreign invasion.It is recommended that you eat plenty of fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamin C,such as kiwi and oranges.Sleep is an important means for people to restore their physical strength,ensure their health and enhance their immunity.In autumn,it is suggested that you go to bed at9pm,or try to fall asleep before11o’clock.If you sleep at this time,it is great for your body and you can get a good quality of sleep.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.不要乱扔垃圾，你会被罚款的。

2018年普陀区初三英语二模答案

2018年普陀区初三英语二模答案1、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)2、When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back one the shelf, ____? [单选题] *A. do youB. don’t youC. will you(正确答案)D. won’t you3、The manager demanded that all employees _____ on time. [单选题] *A. be(正确答案)B. areC. to beD. would be4、For more information, please _______ us as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. confidentB. confidenceC. contact(正确答案)D. concert5、Alice is a ______ girl. She always smiles and says hello to others.（）[单选题] *A. shyB. strictC. healthyD. friendly(正确答案)6、If you know the answer, _______ your hand, please. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put downC. put onD. put in7、David ______ at home when I called at seven o’clock yesterday evening. （）[单选题] *A. didn’tB. doesn’tC. wasn’t(正确答案)D. isn’t8、Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see _______. [单选题] *A. herB. him(正确答案)C. itD. them9、75．Why not________ for a walk? [单选题] *A．go out(正确答案)B．to go outC．going outD．goes out10、Last year Polly _______ an English club and has improved her English a lot. [单选题] *A. leftB. sawC. joined(正确答案)D. heard11、I often _______ music from the Internet. [单选题] *A. download(正确答案)B. spendC. saveD. read12、My father and I often go ______ on weekends so I can ______ very well. （）[单选题] *A. swim; swimmingB. swims; swimC. swimming; swimmingD. swimming; swim(正确答案)13、This girl is my best friend, Wang Hui. ______ English name is Jane.（）[单选题] *A. HeB. HisC. SheD. Her(正确答案)14、She is a girl, _______ name is Lily. [单选题] *A. whose(正确答案)B. whoC. whichD. that15、Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and _______ is noisy. [单选题] *A. anotherB. the other(正确答案)C. othersD. other16、In winter, animals have a hard time_____anything to eat. [单选题] *A.to findB.finding(正确答案)C.foundD.to finding17、The museum is _______ in the northeast of Changsha. [单选题] *A. sitB. located(正确答案)C. liesD. stand18、I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy _____. [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. oneC. thisD. that19、I don’t think he will take the case seriously,_____? [单选题] *A.don’t IB.won’t heC.does heD.will he(正确答案)20、1——May I help you? You seem to be having some problems.——_______ , thanks. Ithink I can manage. [单选题] *A. All rightB. No problemC. It’s all right(正确答案)D. There’s no way21、No writer will be considered（）of the name until he writes a work. [单选题] *A. worthlessB. worthy(正确答案)C. worthwhileD. worth22、He held his（）when the results were read out. [单选题] *A. breath(正确答案)B. voiceC. soundD. thought23、37．—What will you be ___________?—I'm not sure. Maybe I'll be a doctor like my father. [单选题] *A．right nowB．in the future(正确答案)C．at onceD．at the moment24、—The weather in Shanghai is cool now, ______ it? —No, not exactly. （）[单选题] *A. doesn’tB. isC. isn’t(正确答案)D. does25、I’m so tired after _______ walk. [单选题] *A. three hour’sB. three hours’(正确答案)C. three hoursD. three hour26、63．There will be? ? ? ? ??? water on the road after the heavy rain. [单选题] *A．too much(正确答案)B．much tooC．too manyD．many too27、Just use this room for the time being ,and we’ll offer you a larger one _______it becomes available [单选题] *A. as soon as(正确答案)B unless .C as far asD until28、If you had told me earlier, I _____ to meet you at the hotel. [单选题] *A. had comeB. will have comeC. would comeD. would have come(正确答案)29、It' s a pity that we have to stay at home when we are having（）weather. [单选题] *A. so fineB. so fine aC. such fine(正确答案)D. such a fine30、( ) What _____ fine weather we have these days! [单选题] *A. aB. theC. /(正确答案)D. an。

上海市杨浦区2018届高三下学期等级考模拟质量调研(二模)英语试卷Word版含答案(高中高三英语试题)

杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2018. 4考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. On the playground. B. In a department store.C. In the school building.D. In a stadium.2. A. $518. B. $580.C. $614.D. $640.3. A. Mr. Johnson's ideas are nonsense.B. He quite agrees with Mr. Johnson's views.C. Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D. He shares the woman's views on social welfare.4. A. New ways to charge phones.B. The spread of false information.C. Interesting videos on WeChat.D. How people enlarge their circle of friends.5. A. The weather report is far from the truth.B. The heat continues to the end of the week.C. He will hang out at the end of the week.D. He 's relieved to have gone through the hot days.6. A. See the Hollywood movie.B. Skip the beginning of the movie.C. Go to sleep early.D. Watch the movie advertisement.7. A. The woman has been chatting with her parents for a long time.B. There is something wrong with her parents' telephone.C. It's very likely that the phone is not properly hung up.D. Her parents are busy talking on the phone for 30 minutes.8. A. A big sports centre is opened to the public.B. A swimming pool has already been completed.C. More facilities will be finished ahead of time.D. It has the most impressive building for miles around.9. A. His words are not so reliable.B. He is well prepared for the test.C. He is well-informed and knows everything.D. He knows a lot about the school arrangement.10. A. They are raising money for their club.B. They will go on to call more people.C. They will finish working today.D. They're glad to contribute money.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They can remind themselves to make full use of time.B. They can keep time when they are writing a novel.C. They should pay by the minute when they leave.D. They can get a clock as a gift for buying the coffee.12. A. Customers should wash their own dishes for there is no waitress.B. The relaxed atmosphere attracts like-minded people to socialize there.C. Customers can bring their own snacks because no food is served there.D. Wi-Fi is unavailable because face-to-face communication is encouraged there.13. A. It has proved to be popular in both Britain and Russia.B. The pilot shop in London is not as successful as expected.C. It’s not well-received in Britain because it costs more.D. It takes time to see whether British people like it or not.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Teach students how to avoid errors in writing.B. Correct test papers on Chinese language course.C. Help foreigners to learn Chinese characters.D. Correct mistakes in students’ speeches.15. A. It should be connected with a laser printer.B. Essays of different styles should be stored in itC. The paper text should be changed into digital text.D. Character recognition system should be installed in it.16. A. It cannot work as efficiently and accurately as a real teacher.B. It cannot appreciate the content and the beauty of language.C. It cannot use different symbols to mark different mistakes.D. Its Chinese linguistic data system is not big and complete.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The post is really funny.B. They enjoy bullying (欺负) Bill.C. They all get along well with Bill.D. They often give likes to friend’s post.18. A. He pushed Bill down the stairs.B. He made fun of the man last year.C. He made negative comments on the post.D. He once hurt the man’s feeling seriously.19. A. Lead to quarrels and isolation.B. Seek revenge and behave violently.C. Improve endurance and interpersonal skills.D. Affect academic performance and emotional health.20. A. Delete his post as soon as possible.B. Apologize to Bill for his hurtful post.C. Convince Bill of his well-meant action.D. Stop posting anything about Bill for a while.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When it comes to innovative countries, we always think of places like the US, the UK and Germany. However, Israel is also a global leader (21) ______ innovation.According to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report 2016-2017, Israel is the second (22) ______ (innovative) nation in the world, just after Switzerland.Many of us (23) ______ not be aware, but technologies developed in Israel have changed our lives. For example, antivirus software (24) ______ protects our computers was first developed in Israel in the 1970s, according to The Telegraph. In addition, features on our mobile phones such as voicemail and SMS were also developed in Israel.So it comes as no surprise that Israel plans to use its innovative strength (25) ______ (power) the cooperation with China in the Belt and Road Initiative. (26) ______ ______ ______ Israel is needed, it will spare no effort to contribute to the project, said Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu during his visit to China in March, according to Xinhua News Agency.Many Israeli environmental technology companies have already set up facilities in Shandong province, (27) ______ (bring) Israeli techniques to many areas such as recycling water for agricultural use, reported the Times of Israel.(28) ______ (found) on very dry land, Israel had been worried about water for a very long time. However, in recent years, the quality and quantity of water in Israel (29) ______ (improve), with the help of techniques that turn Mediterranean seawater andwastewater into usable water.In fact, such innovations have led to more and more Chinese students (30) ______ (seek) quality higher education in Israle. “When Chinese students who study here go back home, they will be in positions to influence China-Israel relationships in the future,” Emma Afterman, manager of Israel-China Academic Relations at the Council for Higher Education, told the Jerusalem Post.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Parents have been concerned about their kids' use of technology since the dawn of technology – or at least since the invention of the transistor radio in the 1950s. Today, technology is everywhere, and kids are growing up __31__ to their smartphones, tablets and laptops in ways that '50s moms and dads could never have dreamed of. Parental concern has grown along with this tech __32__. But now, even those in the industry are wondering if technology has taken a truly __33__ hold on all of us –and especially children.No less than Melinda Gates, wife of Microsoft founder Bill Gates, wrote an editorial in the Washington Post last summer expressing regret for the Pandora's Box she and her husband helped open. "I spent my career in technology. I wasn't prepared for its effect on my kids," she wrote. "Phones and apps aren't good or bad by themselves, but for adolescents who don't yet have the emotional tools to deal with life's complication and __34__, they can add to the difficulties of growing up."A study, which came out this year, looked at yearly surveys of 8th, 10th and 12th graders in the U.S. between 1991-2016, and __35__ markers of psychological well-being, such as self-esteem, life satisfaction and happiness. It found that such well-being suddenly decreased after 2012 – just at the time that the use of smartphone and social media __36__. There was a direct correlation between the amount of time spent on electronics and unhappiness. Happiness was highest among kids who participated in sports, followed by in-person socializing and __37__ services. The lowest? Online computer games –the abuse of which has recently been __38__ a recognized mental health disorder by the World Health Organization –and social media.Early this year, big players formerly of tech companies such as Google and Facebook created the Center for Humane Technology and, in partnership with the nonprofit organization Common Sense Media, __39__ a full media and advertising attack on the very industry they had a hand in building. Their initiative, the Truth about Tech, is pouring millions of dollars into a(n) __40__ to warn parents, teachers and students that the technology they use is in fact engineered to addict them.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? This is usually just a theoretical question. The idea of suddenly taking the form of your neighbor, a celebrity or even your dog is fun to think about, but seemingly impossible to ___41___.Yet a few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality device. “The first sec onds are just overwhelming,” says Rikke Frances Wahl, a woman who ___42___ became a man. “It feels mysterious. You start to feel more and more comfortable in it, and you start to really get the ___43___ of how it would be if it were your body.”Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping(替换) experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She ___44___ her new body using a machine called The Machine to be Another. The set-up is relatively simple. Both users put on a virtual reality headset with a camera installed to the top of it. The video from each camera is piped to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your___45___. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it. To get used to seeing another person’s body without actually having control of it, participants start by moving their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. ___46___, this kind of slow, synchronized (同步) movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they were living in another person’s body. “It was so natural,” Wahl says, laughing, “and at the same time it was so unnatural.”Interestingly, using such technology ___47___to alter people’s behaviour afterwards – potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be ___48___ in fighting implicit racism (隐性种族歧视). Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people’s associations.Another study showed that using the so-called “rubber hand illusion(错觉)” can have the same __49__. When that rubber hand is a colour unlike their skin, participants ___50___lower on tests for implicit racism than when they watched a hand of the same skin colour.The idea is that once you’ve “put yourself in another’s shoes” you’re less likely to think ___51___ of them, because your brain has ___52___ the feeling of being that person.Wahl says that she’d jump at the chance to swap bodies with someone again. “I would really, really ___53___ it to everyone, everyone should try this thing,” she says. “We all have different feelings and points of views about things,” says Pointeau,“and it’s really strongly related to our ___54___ experience. With this kind of experience we can ___55___empathy –the action of understanding, but also maybe help people better understand themselves too.”41. A. execute B. excuse C. explore D. exhibit42. A. contemporarily B. permanently C. temporarily D. secretly43. A. passion B. fantasy C. familiarity D. energy44. A. inherited B. altered C. endured D. acquired45. A. reflection B. partner C. colleague D. image46. A. Consciously B. Constantly C. Eventually D. Equivalently47. A. requires B. prefers C. promises D. volunteers48. A. progressive B. informative C. realistic D. effective49. A. impact B. instruction C. initiative D. intention50. A. analyzed B. scored C. predicted D. valued51. A. highly B. ill C. straight D. fairly52. A. expressed B. mixed C. internalized D. deleted53. A. connect B. advertise C. register D. recommend54. A. bodily B. sensitive C. mental D. initial55. A. endure B. promote C. honor D. identify Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A British hospital director told me he was hunting for staff to replace the foreign doctors and nurses leaving because of Brexit(脱欧). He hadn’t found many qualified Britons queuing to replace them.In an age when the “war for talent” is a global business trend, the UK is fighting a war against talent. But if I were a Brexiter, I’d say: Brexit should be the prompt for Britain to finally start training enough of its own talent. If UK wants to avoid economic decline, it will need to train far more of its own nurses, construction workers, architects, etc. For a country whose policy has always been not to educate the working class, that would be a reversal of history.Before Brexit, high-skilled immigrants staffed world-class British sectors such as the City of London and the creative economy. In healthcare, the UK developed a brilliant way: let a poor country like Romania fund a nurs e’s education, then underpay her to look after sick Brits. Low-skilled immigrants eager to work all hours for little money gave the UK cafes and corner shops that seldom closed. Low-skilled Britons could have done these jobs, but mostly didn’t.The coming wave of British talent is largely immigrant too: the kids who have made London’s state schools the UK’s best, plus the offspring of Russian, Chinese and other foreign elites（精英）who fill private schools. Many of these would love to stay and make the UK richer.But Brexiters want to cut immigration. The obvious solution: equip working-class Brits to do jobs from nursing to banking. Jonathan Portes, economics professor at King’s College London said: “The problem of UK vocational education has been known for at least a century. We’ve always neglected it.” In fact, in August the UK removed the state bursary（助学金）for people training to be nurses, midwives andspeech therapists. Students now have to fund courses themselves, then earn a low salary for a lifetime.If Britain doesn’t upskill its workers fast, it will lose skilled jobs. It will continue to have the world’s best universities per capita only if it can find enough Britons to replace foreign academics who leave the UK. Much the same applies to finance or design. Meanwhile, low-skilled foreign fruit pickers have already melted away since the pound plunged. With few Britons queuing to replace them, much of this year’s produce rotted in the fields.So the likely post-Brexit outcome is a UK that cannot keep itself in the style to which it has become accustomed. The war against talent will probably leave Britain looking a bit more like today’s English seaside towns, or most of the country in the 1970s: culturally homogeneous（同种类的）, relatively poor and under-serviced.56. The UK is fighting a war against talent because ______.A. skilled immigrants leave the country after BrexitB. it doesn’t have enough fund to train its own citizensC. too many qualified Britons are queuing for creative jobsD. it is trying a different approach to attracting talent57. Which is FALSE about the situation in the UK before Brexit?A. Hospitals employed many immigrant nurses.B. Much attention was paid to the nurse training.C. Many Brits were unwilling to do low-paid jobs.D. Immigrant elites could find creative and decent jobs.58. What can we learn from the passage?A. Most well-educated immigrants had no plan to stay in the UK.B. The government now gives nurses-to-be some financial support.C. A lot of fruits rotted in the fields for the lack of skilled fruit pickers.D. The outflow of talent only existed in the field of education and healthcare.59. According to the writer, the post-Brexit Britain is likely to ______.A. be as rich and powerful as it used to beB. be as convenient as it was before BrexitC. be different in style but the same in essenceD. go backward in economy and social service(B)∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙60. The four drones (无人机) are listed in order of ______.A. popularityB. salesC. priceD. size61. If you want to share what you shoot on WeChat within the shortest time, ______ isrecommended.A. DJI Mavic Pro 4K Foldable Camera DroneB. DJI Spark Alpine WhiteC. DJI Phantom 4 4K Camera DroneD. ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone62. Among the four types, ProFlight Maverick Folding Camera Drone has a uniquefeature that ______.A. its maximum speed is the highestB. users can pilot it just by moving fingersC. it can be controlled by a smartphoneD. it takes up the least space when folded(C)It’s almost spring, the ti me of year when the change in seasons could lead to some pretty fascinating cloud activity in the sky. NASA and the GLOBE Program are inviting you to take part in a citizen science cloud observation challenge. The GLOBE Program is an international science and education program that provides students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process.From March 15 through April 15, citizen scientists of all ages can make up to 10 cloud observations per day using the GLOBE Observer app or one of the other data entry options (for trained GLOBE members). Challenge participants with the most observations will be congratulated by a NASA scientist in a video posted on the GLOBE Program’s website and on social media.“The GLOBE Program is offering this challenge to show people how important it is to NASA to have citizen scientist observations: observations from the ground up,” said Marilé Colón Robles, lead for the GLOBE Clouds team at NASA’s Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. “We’re going from winter to spring, so the types of storms will change, which will also change the types of clouds.”Researchers use, and value, this citizen science cloud data because it helps to validate data from Earth-observing instruments. Scientists at Langley work with a set of six instruments known as the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES).Even though CERES’ instruments use advanced technology, it is not always easy for researchers to positively identify all types of clouds in their images. For example, it can be difficult to differ thin, wispy cirrus clouds (细小的卷云) from snow since both are cold and bright; even more so when cirrus clouds are above a surface with patchy snow （片状雪）or snow cover. One solution to this problem is to look at satellite images from a particular area and compare them to data submitted by citizen scientists on the ground.“Looking at what an observer recorded as clouds and looking at their surface observations really helps us better understand the images that were matched from thesatellite,” said Colón Robles.You don’t have to be a cloud-gazing professional to participate. For those who want to be part of the challenge but don’t have a lot of experience identifying clouds, Colón Rob les offers the following advice: “Just go outside.” The more clouds you observe, she said, the more comfortable you’ll be collecting data.63. Why do researchers launch the cloud observation challenge?A. The GLOBE Program is badly short of hands.B. The technology CERES uses is not that advanced.C. Scientists can compare data from different instruments.D. Cirrus clouds are difficult to identify when with snow cover.64. The underlined word “validate” is closest in meaning to ______.A.createB. cancelC. countD. confirm65. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Citizen observers can only submit their data by means of an app.B. Observers submitting the most observations can get a special prize.C. Observations from the ground are not as valuable as satellite images.D. The data collected by citizen scientists will be posted on social media.66. Which is the best title for the passage?A. NASA Employs New members.B. Cloud Activities Bring a New Challenge.C. Citizens Gain Experience through Observation.D. Professionals Teach You to Observe Clouds.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A new report by the World Bank shows that the effects of climate change could force 140 million people to move within their countries by 2050.The report looked at three developing regions of the world—sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. __________67__________Climate migrants are people who are forced to move within their country because of water scarcity, crop failure, rising sea levels and storm surges due to climate change.__________68__________ It is important to help people make good decisions about whether to stay where they are or move to new locations where they are less vulnerable.The report noted that the effects of climate change will often force people to move from rural areas suffering from droughts or crop failures to cities where there are different opportunities. __________69__________ “Without the right planning and support, people migrating from rural areas into cities could be facing new and even more dangerous risks,” said Kanta Kumari Rigaud, the report’s team lead. “__________70__________” Rigaud added.The report recommends key actions to help prevent wide-scale climate migration: cutting global greenhouse gas emissions; improving development planning at the local level for climate migration; and investing in data to better understand climate migration trends in each country. The report notes that any rise in climate migration will be in addition to millions of other migrants within countries, moving for economic, social, political or other reasons.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It is universally true that all parents in the world love their children. However, as parents’ views of life vary, they show their love in different ways.The monarch type of parents are intolerant and self-centered. They lay down regulations in the family for their children to observe. Furthermore, they insist that their children should act upon them without question. With a firm belief in their own philosophy of life, they have little respect for others’ opinions, least of all, their children’s. The sentence they say most frequently to their children is, “ you should do this.”Contrary to the monarch-type parents, the servant-type parents revolve around their children all the time. They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for. They are happy so long as their children are content. With the sincere belief that love means sacrifice, they are ready to give up anything for their children’s sake. With their children at the center of their lives, they always ask, “What else can we do for you?”The friend-type parents, as the term implies, treat their children as friends. They are generous and wise. Like good friends, they discuss with their children the latest news, share their children’s interests, and listen attentively to their children’s expression of emotion, whether it is anger, fear, joy or sorrow. They have a close relationship with their children while sticking to their principled stand. They discuss problems with their children rather than provide ready solution. They respect theirchildren as their equals. They often say: “Let’s put out heads together and see what we can do.”There is no doubt that children welcome the third type of parents, for a free, friendly, and sympathetic atmosphere at home is most favorable to the development of youngsters both in body and in mind. All parents should re-examine and change some of their ways of showing their love if they want their children to grow up happily and healthily.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 据报道数以百计的消防员正在参加营救行动。

2018年上海市普陀区初三英语二模试卷及答案

第份2018届中考模拟试卷讲义普陀区二模年月日普陀区2017学年度第二学期初三年级学业质量调研英语学科试卷 2018年4月(满分150分，考试时间：100分钟)考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。

试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答纸上完成，做在试卷上不给分）Part I Listening（第一部分听力）Ⅰ（听力理解）.Listening comprehensionA.Listen and choose the right picture（根据你所听到的内容，选择相应的图片）1.____2._____3.____4._____5._____6.______B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear（根据你所听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案）7.A. By car. B. By underground. C. By bus D. By bikeengineerdoctor. C.AnD.Anactor cook B.A8.A.Apoorbusbad D.The9.A. The dirty streets B. The busy citylife C.Theservice10.A. Mother and son. B. Husband and wife. C. Teacher and student. D. Customer and clerk11.A. Nice trips. B. Favorite sports. C. Public pleas D. Healthy &inks12. A.At the restaurant B. At the library.C.At the supermarketD. At the Dost officeB.Makefilm.apizzaaA.13.Seebookreview.aabook. D.FinishC.Read14. A. Tim went to the library to have a talk with Moly.B.Moly missed the art lessons in the afternoonC. The monitor organized a discussion about the spring outing.D. The two speakers had a meeting on the art projects.C .Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true and false（判断下列语句是否符合你听到的内容，符合的部分用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示）15.Sara used to buy lottery tickets（彩票）and could always win some money.16.Once Sara won $55 million and was suddenly known by many people.17.Over 200 people sent Sara e-mails tom ask for suggestion about how to win lottery tickets.18.Sara moved to another town in order to keep away from the news reporters.19.Sara set up a group to help poor students start their business after college.20.Sara is famous because she has done some good things with the money she has.D. Listen to the passage and complete to following sentence（听短文，完成下列句子。

上海市金山区2018届高三下学期质量监控(二模)英语试卷(带答案)

金山区2017学年第二学期质量监控高三英语试卷（时间120分钟，分值140分）2018年4月I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. For one week. B. For less than a week.C. For two weeks.D. Hard to say.2. A. Go to her sister’s wedding ceremony. B. Stay at home.C. Go to George’s birthday party.D. Go to Geor ge’s house-warming party.3. A. 50 dollars. B. 40 dollars. C. 60 dollars. D. 55 dollars.4. A. She feels bored with the idea. B. She thinks ballet is funny.C. She will not go with the man anyway.D. She shows interest in the show.5. A. Snowy. B. Sunny. C. Windy. D. Cloudy.6. A. She hasn’t seen Monet’s paintings for ten years.B. She hasn’t been to the museum for long.C. She has been interested in Monet’s paintings for ten years.D. She used to own one of Monet’s paintings.7. A. Father and daughter. B. Friends.C. Husband and wife.D. Boss and his employee.8. A. The man is not interested in the game this weekend.B. The man is not interested in the team that will play this weekend.C. The man doesn’t w ant to mention the game.D. The man is not interested in watching any game.9. A. She would see Ellen at last.B. She saw Ellen for the last time not long ago.C. She has many people to see before Ellen.D. She wouldn’t like to see Ellen at all.10. A. The woman is sorry for not being able to spend the holiday with the man.B. The man is a bit annoyed because the woman didn’t tell him her plan for the winter holiday.C. The man is sorry about not being able to go to Malaysia.D. The woman is excited about spending the winter holiday in Malaysia without the man.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70. B. 80. C. 130. D. 15.12. A. On Tuesdays. B. On Wednesdays.C. On Sundays.D. On Mondays.13. A. The English Family club. B. The painting club.C. The sports club.D. The music club.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Because they haven’t as much interest in finding the cure as in space travel.B. Because there are too many kinds of cold viruses for them to identify.C. Because it is not economical to find a cure for each type of cold.D. Because they believe people can recover without treatment.15. A. They reveal the seriousness of the problem.B. They indicate how fast the virus spreads.C. They tell us what kind of medicine to take.D. They show our body is fighting the virus.16. A. It can actually does more harm than good.B. It causes damage to some organs of our body.C. It works better when combined with other remedies.D. It helps us to recover much sooner.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. It lasts till today.B. It lasted about ten years.C. It’s not mentioned in the conversation.D. It lasts forever.18. A. The commercial success of several boys and girls.B. The funny daily stories that happened to a group of close friends.C. How people in Manhattan made their living.D. American culture, mainly the coffee culture.19. A. It always received positive reviews from the critics.B. It enjoyed a high rate of watching.C. It was used as a tool for English learning all over the world.D. It became a cultural phenomenon.20. A. They may go to the “Central Perk” for a cup of coffee.B. They may open a new coffee shop together.C. They may start practicing English with each other.D. They may go to the woman’s place to enjoy the show.II. Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I was eighteen, summer fading, when my parents drove me to my university apartment. It was my first apartment. ___21___ (walk) my parents solemnly back to their car, I noticed that my mother had tears in her eyes.I ___22___ (struggle) to hold back my own. Such a strong woman was she ___23___ it was rare to see such a show of emotion. At the time, I was rather surprised. Being the youngest of five children, I thought that my parents were accustomed to ___24___ (let) go. But maybe it’s something that never gets any easier, ___25___ _______ _______ many practice swings you get. As my parents drove off, I realized that they would return to an empty home, ___26___ all of their children leaving to pursue dreams and lives of their own. Their nest, full of love and joy for so long, was now empty. Relishing (憧憬) my new-found freedom, I concentrated on my college life. My parents did their best to give me space to learn and grow, even if I neglected to call or visit. It was a time of “firsts,” and a taste of first “lasts.”I have recently been playing Travel Frog, a mobile game that has me emotionally ___27___ (influence). In the game you gather resources, send your frog on his adventures and your payoff is, *drum roll please* ... postcards. That’s right, postcards. I thought it was a silly, overly-simplistic game at first, but then it started to bring back memories from long ago.While the game lacks the narrative detail or the interactivity of other games, you have a lesson ___28___ (learn) from your itinerant (四处奔波的) “Frog Son”. You do not control when he sets off on his adventure s, ___ 29___ can you be sure that your hard work will land you a coveted (梦寐以求的) postcard. This game, however, has emotionally affected many players. They ___30___ (remind) of their parents who restlessly await their return home, their familiar voices, their love. Parents sacrifice a large part of themselves for their children. It is a sacrifice that can only be paid back with love.Section BDirections: Complete the passage with the words given in the table. Each word can be used only once. There is an extra one that you will find no use for.A. evidenceB. significantlyC. completelyD. effectiveE. removeF. applicableG. beneficialH. environmentI. assessJ. influenceK. purifyCan Indoor Plants Really Purify the Air?Plants are very important to human life. Through photosynthesis (光合作用), they transform carbon dioxide into fresh oxygen. They are said to ___31___ toxins from the air we breathe — but is this true?One famous NASA experiment, published in 1989, found that indoor plants can clean the air by removing cancer-causing pollutants like formaldehyde and benzene. Later research has found that soil micro-organisms in potted plants also play a part in cleaning indoor air.Based on this research, some scientists say house plants are ___32___ air purifiers, and the bigger and leafier the plant, the better. “The amount of leaf surface area can ___33___ the rate of air purification,” says Bill Wolverton, a former NASA research scientist who conducted that 1989 plant study.Other experts, however, say the ___34___ that plants can effectively accomplish this feat is far from conclusive.“There are no definitive studies to show that having indoor plants can ___35___ increase the air quality in your home,” says Luz Claudio, a profess or of environmental medicine and public health at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. There’s no question that plants are capable of removing volatile chemical toxins from the air “under laboratory conditions,” according to Claudio. But in the rea l world — in your home or in your office space — the notion that putting a few plants together can ___36___ your air doesn’t have much hard science to back it up.Most research efforts to date, including the NASA study, placed indoor plants in small, sealed environments in order to ___37___ how much air-purifying power they have. But those studies aren’t really ___38___ to what happens in a house, says Stanley Kays, a professor of horticulture at the University of Georgia.In many cases, the air in your home ___39___ turns over — that is, exchanges places with outdoor air —once every hour. “In most instances, air exchange with the outside has a far greater effect on indoor air quality than plants,” Kays says.Many people may be disappointed by what Kays said, but the professor also made it clear that he believes house plants are ___40___ — they are not only pleasant living companions, but also provide a number of health benefits. Studies have shown plants can knock out stress by calming the sympathetic nervous system, and can also make people feel happier. More research shows spending time around nature has a positive effect on a person’s mood and energy levels.III. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.What the scientists are saying…The first primate (灵长目动物) clonesFor the first time, scientists have used the technique that produced Dolly the sheep to clone monkeys. The Chinese researchers who produced the two macaques say that having access to genetically identical primates will be a huge ___41___ to medical research. It will give scientists a clearer understanding of genetic ___42___ by enabling them to compare animals who are identical except for one tweaked gene; when ___43___ drugs, it will make it possible to rule out the possibility that variations in outcomes are down to genetic ___44___. But other experts have raised a host of ___45___. The somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique involves ___46___ a cell nucleus to a donated nucleus-free egg that is then prompted to develop into an embryo（胚胎）. Although 23 species have been cloned in this way, primates have only been cloned before using a less complex embryo-splitting technique. Similar to the process that creates twins, it can only lead to a very ___47___ number of geneticallyidentical individuals. SCNT can in ___48___ lead to a far larger number of clones, but in the Chinese experiment, the fail rate was very high. The team implanted scores of embryos, but only two monkeys survived beyond a few days. ___49___ to that is the concern that by cloning a primate species, the team has broken down a significant ___50___ on the way to cloning humans.Herbal remedy dangerHerbal remedies such as St. John’s wort and ginseng may be ___51___ when used alongside conventional drugs, reports The Guardian. In a review of medical literature, researchers at Stellenbosch University in South Africa found several ___52___ of alternative treatments appearing to ___53___ with prescription drugs, resulting in potentially dangerous side effects. In one case, the autopsy (解剖) of a 55-year-old who died while swimming concluded that the ginkgo biloba supplements he had been taking may have ___54___his anti-seizure (防止发作) medicine. Other cases documented patients on statins appearing to suffer complications linked to flaxseed, St. John’s wort and green tea. “If you are taking herbal remedies, you should ___55___it to your clinician,” said one of the report’s authors, Dr Charles Awortwe.41. A. threat B. damage C. benefit D. potential42. A. variations B. diseases C. structures D. factors43. A. manufacturing B. applying C. testing D. prescribing44. A. mess B. differences C. losses D. recombination45. A. concerns B. focuses C. funds D. suspicion46. A. translating B. transferring C. connecting D. reversing47. A. magnificent B. astonishing C. limited D. accurate48. A. theory B. reality C. advance D. addition49. A. Attached B. Related C. Compared D. Added50. A. access B. key C. barrier D. contribution51. A. harmful B. useful C. helpful D. purposeful52. A. methods B. figures C. problems D. instances53. A. deal B. interact C. mix D. identify54. A. put forward B. moved up C. held down D. carried on55. A. claim B. avoid C. classify D. mentionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Cure for tiredness?Staying up late is a potential battle between parents and kids. But the solution could be as simple as changing your meal time.Researchers at the University of Surry, UK, found that delaying meals could help change one of the internal body clocks. Besides a “master” clock in the brain, there are clocks in other parts of the body. They are usually synchronized according to factors including light.During the study, researchers tested 10 participants to examine the effect of changing meal times on their body clocks. The participants were given three meals – breakfast, lunch and dinner. In the first stage, participants received breakfast 30 minutes after waking. Lunch and dinner followed, after 5-hour intervals. In the second stage, each meal was delayed by 5 hours. Right after each stage, blood and fat samples were collected.Results showed that later meal times greatly influenced blood sugar levels. A 5-hour delay in meal times caused a 5-hour delay in the internal blood sugar rhythms.The discovery showed that meal times are in line with the body clock that controls blood sugar levels.This is a small study but the researchers believe the findings could help jet lag sufferers and night-shift workers.In a study by the University of Surrey in 2013, research ers explored what happened when a person’s body was changed from a normal pattern to that of a night-shift worker’s.After people work through the night, over 97 percent of the body’s rhythmic genes are disrupted.These findings explain why we feel so bad following a long flight, or after working at night, according to Simon Archer, one of the study’s researchers.“It’s like living in a house. There’s a clock in every room in the house and in all of those rooms those clocks are now disrupted, which of cours e leads to chaos in the household,” fellow researcher DerkJan Dijk told the BBC.Changing meal times didn’t affect the “master” body clock – the one controlling when we get sleepy – but it can reset the body clock that controls blood sugar levels.This wou ldn’t necessarily cure jet lag completely, but it might reduce the negative effects.A study published earlier this year suggested that just a weekend camping trip could be enough to reset our body clocks. And now this latest research shows regular food schedules could play a key part too.56. What did researchers at the University of Surrey find from their new study?A. Connections between the “master” clock and clocks in other parts of the body.B. Changing meal times can be enough to reset one of our body clocks.C. A delay in meal times causes an irregular change in blood sugar rhythms.D. Blood sugar levels are affected by when we eat rather than by our internal clocks.57. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the new study, according to the article?A. The interval between each meal being given was different.B. Blood and fat samples of the two groups of participants were collected.C. Participants were asked to report their feelings after each stage.D. Each meal was served five hours later during the second stage.58. What can we learn from the study by researchers at the University of Surrey from 2013?A. All our body’s genes would be disrupted if we worked through the night.B. Our genes often become less active after a long flight or night of work.C. The disruption of one gene could lead to the disruption of other genes.D. A disruption to the body’s rhythmic genes can cause people to feel bad.59. According to the article, ______.A. it’s impo ssible to reduce the negative effects caused by jet lag or night workB. there is more than one way to reset body clocksC. the “master” body clock controls all the other body clocksD. a change in meal times can reset the “master” body clock(B)Canada Apprentice (学徒) Loan BasicsThe Canada Apprentice Loan is available to help registered Red Sealapprentices cover the cost of their training.What you need to know●The Government of Canada offers apprentices registered in a Red Seal Trade appr enticeshipprogram up to $4,000 per period of technical training.●You can get Canada Apprentice Loans for up to 5 periods of technical training.●Your loan will be interest-free for up to 6 years as long as you are confirmed as being registered ina Red Seal Trade apprenticeship program.●You do not have to make any loan payments as long as your loan is in interest-free status.Eligibility（资格）To be eligible, you must meet all of these criteria：●be a Canadian Citizen, Permanent Resident, or Protected Pe rson；●be registered in a Red Seal Trade apprenticeship program that is designated by the province orterritory where you are registered as an apprentice；●be enrolled in block release technical training or the equivalent full time technical training with anapproved technical training provider;●pass a credit check (required if you are applying for the first time)．You are not eligible if you：●are a high school student；●are an apprentice registered in the province of Quebec；●are receiving a Canada Stud ent Loan for the same technical training；●have been told that you are restricted from receiving a Canada Apprentice Loan or a CanadaStudent Loan；●have already received funding for 5 periods of technical training；●have already received 6 years of intere st-free status.60. Who will fail to get Canada Apprentice Loans according to the passage?A. An apprentice who used to study in the province of Quebec.B. An apprentice who got the Canadian Citizenship three years ago.C. An apprentice who is looking for an approved technical training provider.D. An apprentice who has been funded for technical training three times.61. Which of the following statements is False according to the passage?A. You can get the loan without paying the interest.B. You can totally get the loan of $20,000 in 5 periods.C. You should be registered in a Red Seal Trade apprenticeship program.D. You have to make some loan payment even though your loan is in interest-free status.62. The purpose of the passage is intended to ________．A. promote the business of Canadian banksB. help students in need complete their studiesC. recruit more apprentices for Canadian companiesD. provide apprentices with fund to receive technical training(C)The battle for women’s right to voteOne hundred years ago, British women were given the vote for the first time. How did it come about?The first appeals for women’s right to vote in Britain date from the early 19th century. In 1818, in his Plan of Parliamentary Reform, Jeremy Bentham insisted that women should be given the vote. Women at the time had no political rights at all–they were deemed to be represented by their husbands or fathers. The old arguments prevailed. Women, it was said, were mentally less able than men; their “natural sphere” was in the home; they were unable to fight for their country, and thus undeserving of full rights; moreover, they simply didn’t want the vote. This was at least partly true. “I have never felt the want of a vote,” declared Florence Nightingale in 1867, while Queen Victoria condemned the “mad, wicked folly of women’s rights”. Even George Eliot was reluctant to back the cause.It wasn’t until the second half of the 19th century that the first campaigning women’s groups were formed. Initially they focused on the lack of education, employment opportunities and legal rights for women (married women, at the time, had no independent legal standing); but the question of the vote gradually became central to their demands – both symbolically, as a recognition of w omen’s rights, and practically, as a means of improving women’s lives.However, the women’s campaigning was still a subject of debate. While most historians agree that the campaigns were initially very effective in mobilizing women and highlighting injustices, a series of mass processions followed; more than 250,000 women protested in Hyde Park in 1908. Many were arrested and ill-treated; prisoners who went on hunger strike were brutally force-fed. Over time they became steadily more militant – smashing shop windows, setting fire to letter boxes, libraries and even homes. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, was attacked with a dog whip. Such use of violence was thought, certainly at the time, to have been unfavorable.With the sacrifices of the First World War strengthening support for widening the right to vote generally, women suspended campaigning. More than a million women were newly employed outside the home --in munitions (军需品) factories, engineering works. Crucially, Asquith was replaced as PM by David Lloyd George, a supporter of votes for women. The Representation of the People Act 1918 was introduced by the coalition government and passed by a majority of 385 to 55, gaining the Royal Assent on 6 February 1918. Women over 30, who were householders or married to one, or university graduates, were given the vote.63. Which of the following is NOT the reason why women were not qualified to vote?A. Women were supposed to do housework and serve their husbands.B. Women were too weak to fight against enemies.C. Women had already enjoyed many political rights.D. Women were not as intelligent as men.64. According to the passage, why did women’s campaigning arouse debate?A. Because it failed to mobilize women and emphasize injustices.B. Because women were put in prison and abused during the protest.C. Because most women didn’t want the vote.D. Because all the emotional behaviors were regarded as improper.65. The word “militant” (in Line 5, Para.4) probably re fers to ______________.A. imposing.B. extreme.C. negative.D. obedient.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Women stopped protesting for their vote because they were offered more job opportunities.B. The PM, Herbert Asquith, an opponent of women’s votes, committed suicide.C. The first campaigning women groups were formed originally for the sake of legal rights.D. All women can enjoy their right to vote since the introduction of People Act.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentenceA. If we see a line moving faster, we might switch without having enough extra information.B. About one in five people grew impatient at the back of the queue and switched to the other linein the hope of speeding things up.C. Do you hold your nerve and stay put, switch to another line in the hope it moves faster, or giveup altogether?D. Based on his study, Buell says people should think hard about switching queues when they arethe last in a line.E. In an unpublished working paper on the research, Buell notes that people tend to feelunhappiest at the back of a queue for the first 10 seconds or so.F. Although the number of people behind you has nothing to do with how long you are going towait, it shapes your behavior.No one enjoys the moment. You are stuck at the back of a queue and as those in other lines move ahead and get served, the time to decide arrives. ____67____This question has now been solved by researchers at Harvard Business School. According to what they have found in a new study, they suggest people think twice before switching queues.The research was led by Ryan Buell, an expert in service management. He looked into consumer queuing behavior after working with economists on what is known as “last-place aversion,” the discomfort people feel when they know they earn less than others or consider themselves at the bottom of the social pile for some other reason. As a result of this aversion to being the last, when a person finds himself at the end of a queue, he can make decisions that he will later regret.Buell began by observing people at a multi-checkout grocery store and then set up an online survey. People who took part in the survey were told it would take about five minutes. In reality, it took only one minute, but when participants logged in for the survey, they were forced to wait in a virtual queue displayed on the screen. They started at the back and could wait, switch to a second queue or choose to leave.____68____ On average, however, those who switched waited 10 percent longer than if they had stayed put. Those who switched twice ended up waiting 67 percent longer than if they had never moved.“When we join a queue, we tend to make the most rational choice we can, which means joining the shortest queue. ____69____ Unfortunately, we can often get it wrong,” said Buell.____70____ After that, the aversion fades. The researcher suggests people have a chat with the person in front so that they can pass the time more comfortably until someone else joins behind them. “Remember that the person in front of you was the last until you arrived, so someone will show up if you hang around long enough,” Buell said.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.As technology grows, many university instructors are finding ways to guide online learning platforms into their classrooms. Programs such as Blackboard, WebCT and Moodle allow teachers to post reading assignments, PowerPoint presentations, lecture notes and quizzes for students to complete outside of class. While posting lessons online can be friendly to students' communication styles and easily accessible, they also cause disadvantages.One disadvantage is that it may encourage students to depend on technology in the classroom. Instead of physical textbooks, many now bring cellphones to access materials during class discussions. While electronicdevices can be valuable learning tools, they also can lead to distractions from learning, such as social networking and online games. It is extremely difficult for students being exposed to multiple electronic tasks to focus or remember key information.A second disadvantage is that online lessons open up potential for cheating. Many instructors require students to complete quizzes, post within discussion groups or submit major assignments online. As a result, there are some students having someone else complete their assignments. A contributing factor is that online assignments are best suitable for those self-motivated, self-directed students. Students who struggle with organization and completing assignments may find it easy to cheat online.In spite of these disadvantages, educators can take steps to make sure students use online lessons responsibly. If instructors are uncomfortable with electronic devices in the classroom, they can require students to print out assignments and readings to reference during sessions. To prevent cheating, teachers can use online assignments as a supplement to traditional in-class work, or create open-ended assignments rather than using assignments like multiple-choice quizzes that have only one right answer. Being familiar with what the platform looks like from a student perspective also can help instructors avoid potential pitfalls.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 多参加志愿者活动，它能使你成为更好的人。

12. 2018普陀初三英语二模

2018.4 普陀区中考英语质量抽查试卷（满分150分，完卷时间100分钟）考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。

试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题卡上完成，做在试卷上不给分。

Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）I. Listening comprehension (听力理解) (共30 分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片) (6 分)1. ______2. ______3. ______4. ______5. ______6. ______B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案)：(8分)7. A. By car. B. By underground. C. By bus D. By bike8. A. A cook B. A doctor. C. An engineer D. An actor9. A. The dirty streets B. The busy city life C. The bad D. The poor bus service10. A. Mother and son. B. Husband and wife. C. Teacher and student. D. Customer and clerk11. A. Nice trips. B. Favorite sports. C. Public pleas D. Healthy &inks12. A. At the restaurant B. At the library. C. At the supermarket. D. At the Dost office13. A. See a film. B. Make a pizza C. Read a book. D. Finish a book review.14. A. Tim went to the library to have a talk with Moly.B. Moly missed the art lessons in the afternoonC. The monitor organized a discussion about the spring outing.D. The two speakers had a meeting on the art projects.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示) (6分)15. Sara used to buy lottery tickets（彩票）and could always win some money.16. Once Sara won $55 million and was suddenly known by many people.17. Over 200 people sent Sara e-mails tom ask for suggestion about how to win lottery tickets.18. Sara moved to another town in order to keep away from the news reporters.19. Sara set up a group to help poor students start their business after college.20. Sara is famous because she has done some good things with the money she has.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容。