考研英语长难句解析
长难句：1. The words used by the speaker may stir up激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere vi. 干涉；妨碍；打扰vt. 冲突；介入with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. 结构剖析：本句有分号分为两部分，其中第一部分的主干是The words.... may stir up unfavorable reactions....., which引导的定语从句which interfere with his comprehension修饰reactions.(这点很重要,注意理解)过去分词used by the speaker作words的后置定语，介词词组in the listener作reactions的后置定语 参考译文：说话者使用的词可能会引起听话者不愉快的反应，这种反应干扰听话者的理解，因此，二者之间的传输-接受系统就中断了 interfere with干扰，干涉；妨碍；触动或弄坏；乱动；与……抵触
长难句：The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood, as if their immune systems-the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed. 结构剖析：本句是一个主从复合句，逗号前为主句，后面的as if引导一个状语从句，使用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反；破折号之间的部分the self-protecting mechanism against diseases作破折号前的immune systems的同位语。 核心词汇： develop患(病) (develop还有别的意思，总结下吧) mechanism机制 参考译文：老鼠的血液出现了细菌感染(学习这句话的翻译技巧，develop的翻译)，好像它们的免疫系统-对抗疾病的自我保护机制-已经垮掉了。 长难句：They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body. 结构剖析：本句是由and连接的并列句，其中第一部分的主干为They are different,后面的in that their elements are arranged differently为状语，修饰different.注意：in that后面常引导从句，与in that一起作状语。 核心词汇： in that体现于，因为 specific具体的，特定的 element元素，因素 参考译文：它们之前的不同之处在于各自元素的排列不同，而且每种维生素在人体内承担一种或一种以上的具体功能。 长难句：The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive while avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. 结构剖析：本句的主干是The phenomenon provides a way,后面的for companies to remain globally competitive修饰a way,作定语。while之后的现在分词结构avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens...作状语，其中avoiding的逻辑主语是前面的 companies (考虑下) avoiding带两个宾语，一个是market cycles,另一个是the growing burdens...,而过去分词结构imposed by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans又作the growing burdens的定语。 核心词汇：phenomenom现象 impose强加,征税 globally在全球,就全球而言 pension养老金,年金 market cycle市场周期 学习任务：1. avoding的逻辑主语是什么？ 2.请翻译这句长难句~ 参考译文:这一现象给公司提供了一种方式,使它们既能够保持全球竞争力,又能避免市场周期与就业法规、医疗成本和养老金方案等造成的不断加重的负担。 长难句：Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace. 结构剖析：本句的主干是Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things,冒号后面的部分为两个that分别引导的两个从句，它们是 ________的同位语，对其进行具体说明。 核心词汇： be marked by特点是，以....为特点 worsen恶化 industrialization工业化 populace民众,百姓；全体居民 本期任务：1. that引导的两个从句是 ________的同位语？ 参考译文：历史和经济方面的专家指出了两点：一是1650至1750之间的时期确实是非常贫困，二是工业化肯定并未恶化、而是可能实际改善了大多数人的生活条件。 长难句: He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to replace old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil. 结构剖析:本句的主干在冒号前: He must use this surplus in three ways,冒号之后的部分包含三个as引导的并列结构,作状语,其中第三个as结构的核心部分是as a commodity...,后面的which引导的定语从句which he must sell...修饰commodity,其中介词结构in order to...作定语从句的状语. 核心词汇： surplus剩余，过剩；a.过剩的，剩余的 replace替换 sow播种 implement工具；v.执行 insurance保障，保险 fertilizer肥料，化肥 unpredictable无法预测的 feed提供(养料等) commodity商品 参考译文：他必须以下列三种方式使用这些余粮：留作种子，留作保障以对付恶劣天气可能造成的无法预测的影响，并留作必须出售的商品以替换就农具和购买化肥给土壤提供养料。 长难句：In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins. 结构剖析：本句的主干是 ________,其中the Lord Chancellor为主语的同位语，说明主语的身份， that引导一个定语从句，修饰a draft bill,而这一定语从句的位于部分是由and连接的两个部分构成，其中第二部分will strictly control the amount of publicity中的宾语amount of publicity后面带有that引导的定语从句that can be given to a case before a trial begins. 核心词汇：tighten加紧，收紧 draft草案；草稿 press新闻界 bill法案；账单 introduce提出，引进；介绍 publicity公开宣传，曝光 本期任务：1.本句的主干是什么？ 2.翻译本长难句 本句的主干是：Lord Irvine... will introduce a draft bill..... 参考译文：为了大大加紧对新闻界的法律控制，大法官欧文勋爵将提出一项法律草案，其中将建议规定向证人付费属于违法行为，并将严格控制媒体在案件审理之前对案件的曝光程度。
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析含译文名师版全套
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析含译文名师版We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling.词汇突破：distinguish [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ]vt. 区分；辨别；使杰出，使表现突出vi. 区别，区分；辨别tuition [tuˈɪʃn]n. 学费；讲授结构分析：本句的主干结构为We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education。
within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering 是插入语，作整个句子的状语，其中的which 引导的是定语从句，修饰the broad educationalprocess。
破折号后面的部分是a more formal kind of education 的同位语。
参考译文：因此，我们被引导在迄今为止一直在考虑的广泛教育过程中区别于一种更正式的教育方式，即直接学费或就学。
Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.词汇突破:secure [sɪˈkjʊr]adj. 安全的；无虑的；有把握的；稳当的vt. 保护；弄到；招致；缚住vi. 获得安全；船抛锚；停止工作结构分析:句子主干为we cannot help considering。
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文整套2023
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.词汇突破:intrinsic [ɪnˈtrɪnzɪk]adj. 本质的，固有的absence [ˈæbsəns]n. 没有；缺乏；缺席；不注意absent [ˈæbsənt]adj. 缺勤的，缺席的；不存在的，缺乏的；心不在焉的，出神的v. 缺席，离开结构分析:本句的主干结构是we have at least drawn nearer the point。
介词短语of admitting that birds should... economic advantage to us是point 的后置定语，其中that 引导的是宾语从句，作admitting 的宾语。
regardless of... 是让步状语。
参考译文:但是，我们至少更接近于承认，不管鸟类对我们是否有经济优势，它们都应该作为一种固有的权利继续生存下去。
grocery [ˈɡrəʊsəri]n. 食品杂货店；食品杂货cater [ˈkeɪtə(r)]vt. 投合，迎合；满足需要；提供饮食及服务结构分析：本句的主干结构是Demand comes mainly from two sources。
which are two small to buy straight from producers 是限定性定语从句，修饰independent mom and pop grocery stores，其中unlike large retail chains 是插入语。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文d
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解附译文1. Indeed , the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber ( without an actual monkey to eat it ) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin .结构：•Indeed , the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber [主] ( without an actual monkey to eat it ) was [系] enough [表] to induce resentment in a female capuchin [状]单词：Induce vt.引起引诱劝说Deduce vt.推断Reduce vt.减少Resentment n.不满词组：Enough to 足以足够做直译：事实上，仅仅在其他房间出现了葡萄（并没有被猴子真正吃掉），就足够引起雌性卷尾猴的不满译文：的确，仅仅一颗葡萄出现在另一间小室（不管有没有猴子吃它）就足以引发雌性卷尾猴的怨气2. The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys ,like humans , are guided by social emotions . In the wild , they are a co-operative , group-living species .结构：•The researchers [主] suggest [谓]•宾语从句：that capuchin monkeys [主]•插入语：,like humans ,•are guided [谓（被）] by social emotions [宾] .•In the wild , they [主] are [系] a co-operative , group-living species [表]解析：•That引导宾语从句，做suggest的宾语•宾语从句中有一个插入语，截断了主语和谓语直译：研究人员认为卷尾猴和人一样，被社交情绪引导。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析 形式主语
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析形式主语Perhaps we know more about the world than we used to, and insofar as knowledge is prerequisite to understanding, that's all to the good. But knowledge is not as much a prerequisite to understanding as is commonly supposed.【翻译】也许比起过去，我们现在对世界知道得更多了，并且只要知道是理解的前提，那就没啥问题。
但是知道并不像人们通常想像的那样，真的就是理解的前提。
【语法分析】第一句是一个并列复合句。
首先，在大的层面上，它是一个并列句，用and连接起来。
其次，在小的层面上，第一个分句是一个主从复合句，Perhaps we know more about the world 是主句，than we used to是一个比较状语从句。
在这里used to表示“过去曾经”，后面省略了know.所以，这是一个并列复合句。
第二个分句也是主从复合句，that's all to the good是主句，意思是“那就是好的，没问题的”。
主句前面的句子是条件状语从句，insofar as就是in so far as, insofar 是一个介词短语，加上as后，意思是to the extent that，“到......的程度”，“在......的范围内”，我们可以把insofar as看成是一个连词，引导一个条件状语从句。
所以这句话的意思就是“在知道是理解的前提这个范围之内，上面那句话确实是对的。
”并列句与并列复合句的区别，就是并列句的两个分句都是简单句。
而并列复合句是至少有一个分句是主从复合句。
第二句是一个主从复合句。
as is commonly supposed是一个比较状语从句，用as ... as表示比较，前面是主句。
考研英语长难句66句(含详细解析)
1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.词汇突破：cognitive 认知的（后天习得的）Intuitive 先天的和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有：Nature先天；nurture后天；born ;先天的；made 后天的；innate天生的；Acquired后天习得；Determine 决定Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有along with ; combined with等。
主干识别：句子的主语是This success和later research ；谓语是led; 宾语是Ericsson; 不定式短语to conclude 做状语；主干结构是：this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that …其他成分：在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语，在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语；在不定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语；more…than结构翻译为与其说，不如说。
微观解析：由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长，且是用两个逗号隔开的，在阅读的时候可以跳读；把This success和动词led先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。
译文赏析：这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道，记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。
2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.词汇突破：visualize 想象Figure out 发现和找出Suits 使…适合主干识别：句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句，it是句子的形式主语；句子主干为: How …is not obvious.在主语从句中主语是capacity，谓语是suits 宾语是one ;其他成分：状语为to answer…主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语；动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。
考研英语长难句解析100句（精典）
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
考研英语必考长难句详解含译文
考研英语必考长难句详解含译文1. At the end of the day, there’s probably little reasonto pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.at the end of the day：pay attention to：panic：2. Those suffering from persistent nightmare s should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.suffer from：persistent：nightmare：work through：往下翻，对对答案~~~1. At the end of the day, there’s probably little reasonto pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.at the end of the day：说到底，不管怎么说pay attention to：关注panic：n. 恐慌译文：总的来说，我们几乎没有理由在意所做的梦，除非它们使我们无法安睡或“从惊恐中醒来”，卡特赖特认为。
2. Those suffering from persistent nightmare s should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.suffer from：遭受persistent：adj. 持续的nightmare：n. 噩梦work through：克服译文：那些长期遭受噩梦折磨的人应该寻求治疗专家帮助。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析nothing but
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析nothing butThus we can roughly define what we mean by the art of reading as follows: the process whereby a mind with nothing to operate on but the symbols of the readable matter, and with no help from outside, elevates itself by the power of its own operations. The mind passes from understanding less to understanding more. The skilled operations that cause this to happen are the various acts that constitute the art of reading.【翻译】因此我们可以把阅读的艺术大致定义如下: 阅读的艺术是一个过程，通过这个过程，人的大脑只依靠自己对可以阅读的材料上的文字符号进行操作，也不需要来自外部的帮助，通过自己的操作能力就能够提升自己。
人的大脑从懂得更少逐渐过渡到懂得更多。
促使这件事情发生的技术操作就构成了阅读艺术的各种行动。
【语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句。
主句是We can roughly define，从句是what we mean by the art of reading，作define的宾语。
as follows作状语。
这里的follows是一个名词，复数。
冒号后面的the process是同位语，作follows的同位语，具体解释follows的内容。
在the process的后面跟的是一个定语从句，修饰process. 定语从句的主干是whereby a mind elevates itself(大脑通过这个过程提升了自己)。
2023考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文全套
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.”词汇突破:markedly [ˈmɑːkɪdli]adv. 显著地，明显地marked [mɑːkt]adj. 明显的，显著的；打上标记的，有记号的；有标记的v. 做标记于；打分数；使有污点（mark 的过去式和过去分词）vibrant [ˈvaɪbrənt]adj. 充满活力的，充满生机的，生气勃勃的；鲜艳的，醒目的；洪亮的，强劲的；颤抖的，震动的结构分析:句子的主干是Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted，冒号后面的Alex Ross has described him as a man... 是对前面主句的举例说明，a classical-music critic 是Alex Ross 的同位语，who 引导一个定语从句who is capable... vibrant organization. ”修饰man。
参考译文：吉尔伯特本人对新音乐的兴趣已被广泛关注:古典音乐评论家亚历克斯·罗斯(Alex Ross)曾将他描述为一个有能力将爱乐乐团变成“一个明显不同、更有活力的组织”的人。
For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century.词汇突破:instrumentalist [ˌɪnstrəˈmentəlɪst]n. 工具主义者；乐器演奏家adj. 工具主义的instrument [ˈɪnstrəmənt]n. 器械；乐器；仪器；促成某事的人（或事物），手段；受利用（或控制）的人，工具；文据，正式法律文件v. 给……装备测量仪器instrumental [ˌɪnstrəˈment(ə)l]adj. 有帮助的，起作用的；用乐器演奏的；与乐器有关的；与（事物）的工具效用有关的；与仪器或测量器具有关的n. 器乐曲troupe [truːp]n. 剧团；一班；一团vi. 巡回演出troop [truːp]n. 军队，士兵；部队，（尤指）骑兵连，装甲连；童子军中队；一组，一群v. 成群结队地走，列队行进；（孤身一人）缓步前行，稳步前行；（尤指被告知）成群前往结构分析:句子的主干是classical instrumentalists must compete，For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public 是句子的目的状语，表示“为了……”。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析as well as
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析as well asIt's true, of course, that you should be able to remember what the author said as well as know what he meant. Being informed is prerequisite to being enlightened. The point, however, is not to stop at being informed.【翻译】当然下面的话肯定是对的，那就是你除了应该知道作者的意思，还要能记住他的话。
被告知是受到启迪的前提条件。
然而关键问题是，你不能只停留在被告知上。
【语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句。
It's true是主句。
其中it是一个形式主义，而真正的主语则是后面的that从句。
that从句中be able 后面跟了两个不定式短语，一个是to remember，一个是to know.remember后面跟了一个宾语从句what the author said，而know 后面也跟了自己的宾语从句what he meant.这两个不定式之间用连词as well as连接起来。
前面讲过as well as的意思。
as well as意思是“除了......，......也”后面的意思是基础的意思，而as well as之前的那一层意思则是更深层次的，是作者想强调的意思。
所以不能把它的意思简单地理解成and.第二句是一个简单句。
结构是主系表状。
第三句也是一个简单句，句中的however，是插入语。
But whether it is a fact about the book or about the world that you have learned, you have gained nothing but information if you have exercised only your memory. You have not been enlightened. Enlightenment is achieved only when in addition to knowing what an author says, you know what he means, and why he says it.【翻译】但无论你所学到的是关于一本书的事实，还是关于世界的事实，如果你只动用了记忆力，那么你除了获得信息，其他什么都没有得到。