2018 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题 (第 2 套)
第1页2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheimportanceofbuildingtrustbetweenteachersandstudents.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversationsAttheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A).Sheadvocatesanimalprotection.B).Shesellsaspecialkindofcoffee.C).Sheisgoingtostartacafechain.D).Sheistheownerofaspecialcafe.2.A).Theybearalotofsimilarities.B).Theyareaprofitablebusinesssector.
C).Theycatertodifferentcustomers.D).Theyhelptakecareofcustomers'pets.
3.A).Bygivingthemregularcleaningandinjections.B).Byselectingbreedsthataretameandpeaceful.C).Byplacingthematasafedistancefromcustomers.D).Bybriefingcustomersonhowtogetalongwiththem.4.A).Theywanttolearnaboutrabbits.B).Theyliketobringintheirchildren.
C).Theylovetheanimalsinhercafe.D).Theygivehercafefavoritereviews.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A).Itcontainstoomanyadditives.B).Itlackstheessentialvitamins.
C).Itcancauseobesity.D).Itismostlygarbage.
6.A).Itsfancydesign.B).TVcommercials.
C).Itstasteandtexture.D).Peerinfluence.7.A).Investingheavilyintheproductionofsweetfoods.
B).Marketingtheirproductswithordinaryingredients.C).Tryingtotrickchildrenintobuyingtheirproducts.D).Offeringchildrenmorevariabletochoosefrom.8.A).Theyhardlyatevegetables.B).Theyseldomhadjunkfood.
C).Theyfavoredchocolate-coatedsweets.D).TheylikethefoodadvertisedonTV.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人第2页
SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A).Stretchesoffarmland.B).TypicalEgyptiananimalfarms.C).Tombsofancientrulers.D).Ruinsleftbydevastatingfloods.10.A).Itprovideshabitatsformoreprimitivetribes.B).Itishardlyassociatedwithgreatcivilizations.C).Ithasnotyetbeenfullyexploredandexploited.D).Itgatherswaterfrommanytropicalrainforests.11.A).Itcarriesaboutonefifthoftheword'freshwater.B).Ithasnumeroushumansettlementsalongitsbanks.C).ItissecondonlytotheMississippiRiverinwidth.D).ItisaslongastheNileandtheYangtzecombined.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A).Livingalifeinthefastlaneleadstosuccess.B).Wearealwaysinarushtodovariousthings.C).Thesearchfortranquilityhasbecomeatrend.D).Allofusactuallyyearnforaslowandcalmlife.
13.A).Shehadtroublebalancingfamilyandwork.B).Sheenjoyedthevarioussocialevents.C).Shewasaccustomedtotightschedules.D).Shespentallherleisuretimewritingbooks.14.A).Thepossibilityofruiningherfamily.B).Becomingawareofherdeclininghealth.C).Thefatiguefromlivingafast-pacedlife.D).Readingabookaboutslowingdown.15.A).Shestartedtofollowtheculturalnorms.B).Shecametoenjoydoingeverydaytasks.C).Shelearntousemorepoliteexpressions.D).Shestoppedusingto-dolistsandcalendars.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A).Theywillrootoutnativespeciesaltogether.B).Theycontributetoaregion'sbiodiversity.
C).Theyposeathreattothelocalecosystem.D).Theywillcrossbreedwithnativespecies.17.A).Theirclassificationsaremeaningful.B).Theirinteractionsarehardtodefine.
C).Theirdefinitionsarechangeable.D).Theirdistinctionsareartificial.18.A).Onlyafewofthemcauseproblemstonative
species.B).Theymayturntobenefitthelocalenvironment
C).Fewofthemcansurviveintheirnewhabitats.
梦想不会辜负每一个努力的人
2021年6月大学英语六级真题 第二套
2021 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第 2 套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the graph below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the graph and comment onChina's achievements in urbanization. You should write at least 150 words but nomore than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Question 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) Weird.B)Efficient.C)Tolerant.D)Toxic.2.A) They are arrogant.B)They are ignorant.C)They are ambitious.D)They are accommodating.3.A) They can think big.B)They can air their views.C)They can break conventions.D)They can work flexible hours.4.A) It can alter people’s mindsets.B)It can lead to new discoveries.C)It enables people to learn and grow.D)It is conducive to critical thinking.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) He kept looking for the best place to stay.B)He met many tourists from other countries.C)He had a great time sightseeing and relaxing.D)He managed to visit a different city each day.6.A) Prioritize what is essential to their best advantage.B)Stretch out the process in search of the optimal.C)Deliberate the consequences that may occur.D)Take all relevant factors into consideration.7.A) Time pressure.B)Tight budget.C)Modern technology.D)Fierce competition.8.A) Research as many different options as possible.B)Avoid going over the same options repeatedly.C)Focus on what is practical.D)Trust their gut instinct.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I witha single line through the center.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) It is beneficial to poor as well as rich communities.B)It is conducive to children’s future development.C)It is welcome to parents but not to children.D)It is not of much help to young children.10.A) It may put some students in remote areas at a disadvantage.B)It gives the majority of students ready access to their teachers.C)It effectively improves the learning quality of students in rural areas.D)It can bridge the learning gap between kids of different backgrounds.11.A) Diligent students tend to do their homework independently.B)The focus of homework should always be on school subjects.C)Doing homework exerts a positive effect on kid’s personality development.D)The benefits of doing homework vary widely from individual to individual.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) It was something he apologized for later.B)It was ridiculed by the New York Times.C)It was a forty-nine-year plan.D)It was considered visionary.13.A) It was of great significance to rocket science.B)It was completed in the state of New Mexico.C)It was somehow delayed about 12 minutes.D)It failed due to a sudden change of weather.14.A) A laboratory and rest range was already set up there.B)Its climate was ideal for year-round rocket launching.C)A weather expert invited him to go there for his mission.D)Its remote valleys were appealing to him and his family.15.A) He won an award from the US government for his work.B)He gained recognition from rocket scientists worldwide.C)He was granted over 200 patents in rocket technology.D)He boosted the military strength of the United States.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) It requires entrepreneurial experience.B)It is usually financially rewarding.C)It can be quite frustrating.D)It can be rather risky.17.A) It contributes to rapid business expansion.B)It inspires willingness to make sacrifices.C)It reduces conflict among team members.D)It encourages creation and innovation.18.A) They have unrealistic expectations.B)They often work without any pay.C)Few can find willing investors.D)Many are idealistic dreamers.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) They have better dietary habits.B)They bear fewer social responsibilities.C)They are born with a stronger ability to socialize.D)They are better able to survive or handle disease.20.A) They have a limited reproductive ability.B)They depend on adequate sleep to thrive.C)They keep dividing throughout one’s life.D)They strengthen with regular exercise.21.A) The process of aging can ultimately be brought under control.B)Improved health care for the elderly will contribute to longevity.C)Prevention of heart disease and stroke will increase life expectancy.D)The resolution of age disease will solve the mystery of aging.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22.A) They are reluctant to follow instructions.B)They fail to answer emails promptly.C)They cannot understand directives.D)They do not show due respect.23.A) They have not been trained to follow the rules.B)They are not satisfied with the management.C)They want to avoid unnecessary losses.D)They find their voice go unheeded.24.A) When they are on good terms with their managers.B)When they find their job goals easily attainable.C)When they find their supervisors helpful.D)When they are financially motivated.25.A) They are a useless tool for managers to change employee behavior.B)They prove to be a good means for managers to give instructions.C)They should be reserved for urgent communication.D)They are seldom used for sharing confidential data.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.A new study has drawn a bleak picture of cultural inclusiveness reflected in the children’s literature available in Australia. Dr. Helen Adam from Edith Cowan University’s School of Education 26 the cultural diversity of children’s books. She examined the books 27 in the kindergarten rooms of four day-care centers in Western Australia. Just 18 percent of 2,413 books in the total collection contained any 28 of non-white people. Minority cultures were often featured in stereotypical or tokenistic ways, for example, by 29 Asian culture with chopsticks and traditional dress. Characters that did represent a minority culture usually had 30 roles in the books. The main characters were mostly Caucasian. This causes concern as it can lead to an impression that whiteness is of greater value.Dr. Adam said children formed impressions about ‘difference’ and identity from a very young age. Evidence has shown they develop own-race 31 from as young as three months of age. The books we share with young children can be a valuable opportunity to develop children’s understanding of themselves and others. Books can also allow children to see diversity. They discover both similarities and differences between themselves and others. This can help develop understanding, acceptance and 32 of diversity.Census data has shown Australians come from more than 200 countries. They speak over 300 languages at home. Additionally, Australians belong to more than 100 different religious groups. They also work in more than 1,000 different occupations. “ Australia is a multicultural society. The current 33 promotion of white middle-class ideas and lifestyles risks 34 children from minority groups. This can give white middle-class children a sense of 35 or privilege,” Dr. Adam said.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Marconi Gave Us the Wireless World[A] A hundred years before iconic figures like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs permeated our lives, anIrish-Italian inventor laid the foundation of the communication explosion of the 21st century.Guglielmo Marconi was arguably the first truly global figure in modern communication. Not only was he the first to communicate globally, he was the first to think globally about communication. Marconi may not have been the greatest inventor of his time, but more than anyone else, he brought about a fundamental shift in the way we communicate.[B] Today’s globally networked media and communication system has its origins in the 19th century,when, for the first time, messages were sent electronically across great distances. The telegraph, the telephone, and radio were the obvious precursors of the Internet, iPods, and mobile phones.What made the link from then to now was the development of wireless communication. Marconi was the first to develop and perfect this system, using the recently-discovered “air waves” that make up the electromagnetic spectrum.[C] Between 1896, when he applied for his first patent in England at the age of 22, and his death inItaly in 1937, Marconi was at the center of every major innovation in electronic communication.He was also a skilled and sophisticated organizer, an entrepreneurial innovator, who mastered the use of corporate strategy, media relations, government lobbying, international diplomacy, patents, and prosecution. Marconi was really interested in only one thing: the extension of mobile, personal, long-distance communication to the ends of the earth (and beyond, if we can believe some reports). Some like to refer to him as a genius, but if there was any genius to Marconi it was this vision.[D] In 1901 he succeeded in signalling across the Atlantic, from the west coast of England toNewfoundland in the USA, despite the claims of science that it could not be done. In 1924 heconvinced the British government to encircle the world with a chain of wireless stations using the latest technology that he had devised, shortwave radio. There are some who say Marconi lost his edge when commercial broadcasting came along; he didn’t see that radio could or should be used to frivolous（无聊的）ends. In one of his last public speeches, a radio broadcast to the United States in March 1937, he deplored that broadcasting had become a one-way means of communication and foresaw it moving in another direction, toward communication as a means of exchange. That was visionary genius.[E] Marconi’s career was devoted to making wireless communication happen cheaply, efficiently,smoothly, and with an elegance that would appear to be intuitive and uncomplicated to the user—user-friendly, if you will. There is a direct connection from Marconi to today’s social media, search engines, and program streaming that can best be summed up by an admittedly provocative exclamation: the 20th century did not exist. In a sense, Marconi’s vision jumped from his time to our own.[F] Marconi invented the idea of global communication—or, more straightforwardly, globallynetworked, mobile, wireless communication. Initially, this was wireless Morse code telegraphy （电报通讯）, the principal communication technology of his day. Marconi was the first to develop a practical method for wireless telegraphy using radio waves. He borrowed technical details from many sources, but what set him apart was a self-confident vision of the paradigm- shifting power of communication technology on the one hand, and, on the other, of the steps that needed to be taken to consolidate his own position as a player in that field. Tracing Marconi’s lifeline leads us into the story of modern communication itself. There were other important figures, but Marconi towered over them all in reach, power, and influence, as well as in the grip he had on the popular imagination of his time. Marconi was quite simply the central figure in the emergence of a modern understanding of communication.[G] In his lifetime, Marconi foresaw the development of television and the fax machine, GPS, radar,and the portable hand-held telephone. Two months before he died, newspapers were reporting that he was working on a “death ray,” and that he had “killed a rat with an intricate device at a distance of three feet.” By then, anything Marconi said or did was newsworthy. Stock prices rose or sank according to his pronouncements. If Marconi said he thought it might rain, there was likely to be a run on umbrellas.[H] Marconi’s biography is also a story about choices and the motivations behind them. At one level,Marconi could be fiercely autonomous and independent of the constraints of his own social class.On another scale, he was a perpetual outsider. Wherever he went, he was never “of” the group;he was always the “other,” considered foreign in Britain, British in Italy, and “not American” in the United States. At the same time, he also suffered tremendously from a need for acceptance that drove, and sometimes tarnished, every one of his relationships.[J] Marconi placed a permanent stamp on the way we live. He was the first person to imagine a practical application for the wireless spectrum, and to develop it successfully into a global communication system—in both terms of the word; that is, worldwide and all-inclusive. He was able to do this because of a combination of factors—most important, timing and opportunity—but the single-mindedness and determination with which he carried out his self-imposed mission was fundamentally character-based; millions of Marconi’s contemporaries had the same class, gender, race, and colonial privilege as he, but only a handful did anything with it. Marconi needed to achieve the goal that was set in his mind as an adolescent; by the time he reached adulthood, he understood, intuitively, that in order to have an impact he had to both develop an independent economic base and align himself with political power. Disciplined, uncritical loyalty to political power became his compass for the choices he had to make.[J] At the same time, Marconi was uncompromisingly independent intellectually. Shortly after Marconi’s death, the nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi—soon to be the developer of the Manhattan Project—wrote that Marconi proved that theory and experimentation were complementary features of progress. “Experience can rarely, unless guided by a theoretical concept, arrive at results of any great significance… on the other hand, an excessive trust in theoretical conviction would have prevented Marconi from persisting in experiments which were destined to bring about a revolution in the technique of radio-communications.” In other words, Marconi had the advantage of not being burdened by preconceived assumptions.[K] The most controversial aspect of Marconi’s life—and the reason why there has been no satisfying biography of Marconi until now—was his uncritical embrace of Benito Mussolini. At first this was not problematic for him. But as the regressive（倒退的）nature of Mussolini’s regime became clear, he began to suffer a crisis of conscience. However, after a lifetime of moving within the circles of power, he was unable to break with authority, and served Mussolini faithfully (as president of Italy’s national research council and royal academy, as well as a member of the Fascist Grand Council) until the day he died—conveniently—in 1937, shortly before he would have had to take a stand in the conflict that consumed a world that he had, in part, created.36.Marconi was central to our present-day understanding of communication.37.As an adult, Marconi had an intuition that he had to be loyal to politicians in order to be influential.38.Marconi disapproved of the use of wireless communication for commercial broadcasting.39.Marconi’s example demonstrates that theoretical concepts and experiments complement each other in making progress in science and technology.40.Marconi’s real interests lay in the development of worldwide wireless communication.41.Marconi spent his whole life making wireless communication simple to use.42.Because of his long-time connection with people in power, Marconi was unable to cut himself off from the fascist regime in Italy.43.In his later years, Marconi exerted a tremendous influence on all aspects of people’s life.44.What connected the 19th century and our present time was the development of wireless communication.45.Despite his autonomy, Marconi felt alienated and suffered from a lack of acceptance.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Humans are fascinated by the source of their failings and virtues. This preoccupation inevitably leads to an old debate: whether nature or nurture moulds us more. A revolution in genetics has poised this as a modern political question about the character of our society: if personalities are hard-wired into our genes, what can governments do to help us? It feels morally questionable, yet claims of genetic selection by intelligence are making headlines.This is down to “hereditarian” (遗传论的) science and a recent paper claimed “differences in exam performance between pupils attending selective and non-selective schools mirror the genetic differences between them”. With such an assertion, the work was predictably greeted by a lot of absurd claims about “genetics determining academic success”. What the research revealed was the rather less surprising result: the educational benefits of selective schools largely disappear once pupils' inborn ability and socio-economic background were taken into account. It is a glimpse of the blindingly obvious-and there's nothing to back strongly either a hereditary or environmental argument.Yet the paper does say children are “unintentionally genetically selected” by the school system. Central to hereditarian science is a tall claim: that identifiable variations in genetic sequences can predict an individual’s aptness to learn, reason and solve problems. This is problematic on many levels. A teacher could not seriously tell a parent their child has a low genetic tendency to study when external factors clearly exist. Unlike-minded academics say the inheritability of human traits is scientifically unsound. At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence. Yet sophisticated statistics are used to create an intimidatory atmosphere ofscientific certainty.While there’s an undoubted genetic basis to individual difference, it is wrong to think that socially defined groups can be genetically accounted for. The fixation on genes as destiny is surely false too. Medical predictability can rarely be based on DNA alone; the environment matters too. Something as complex as intellect is likely to be affected by many factors beyond genes. If hereditarians want to advance their cause it will require more balanced interpretation and not just acts of advocacy.Genetic selection is a way of exerting influence over others, "the ultimate collective control of human destinies, “as writer H.G.Wells put it. Knowledge becomes power and power requires a sense of responsibility. In understanding cognitive ability, we must not elevate discrimination to a science: allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest. This will need a more sceptical eye on the science.As technology progresses,we all have a duty to make sure that we shape a future that we would want to find ourselves in.46.What did a recent research paper claim?A)The type of school students attend makes a difference to their future.B)Genctic differences between students are far greater than supposed.C)The advantages of selective schools are too obvious to ignore.D)Students' academic performance is determined by their genes.47.What does the author think of the recent research?A)Its result was questionable.B)Its implication was positive.C)Its influence was rather negligible.D)Its conclusions were enlightening.48.What does the author say about the relationship between DNA and intelligence?A)It is one of scientific certainty.B)It is not one of cause and effect.C)It is subject to interpretation of statistics.D)It is not fully examined by gene scientists.49.What do hereditarians need to do to make their claims convincing?A)Take all relevant factors into account in interpreting their data.B)Conduct their research using more sophisticated technology.C)Gather gene data from people of all social classes.D)Cooperate with social scientists in their research.50.What does the author warn against in the passage?A)Exaggerating the power of technology in shaping the world.B)Losing sight of professional ethics in conducting research.C)Misunderstanding the findings of human cognition research.D)Promoting discrimination in the name of science.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Nicola Sturg eon’s speech last Tuesday setting out the Scottish government’s legislative programme for the year ahead confirmed what was already pretty clear. Scottish councils are set to be the first in the UK with the power to levy charges on visitors, with Edinburgh likely to lead the way.Tourist taxes are not new. The Himayalan kingdom of Bhutan has a longstanding policy of charging visitors a daily fee. France’s taxe de séjour on overnight stays was introduced to assist thermal spa（温泉）towns to develop, and around half of French local authorities use it today.But such levies are on the rise. Moves by Barcelona and Venice to deal with the phenomenon of “over-tourism” through the use of charges have recently gained prominence. Japan and Greece are among the countries to have recently introduced tourist taxes.That the UK lags behind is due to our weak, by international standards, local government, as well as the opposition to taxes and regulation of our aggressively pro-market ruling party. Some UK cities have lobbied without success for the power to levy a charge on visitors. Such levies are no universal remedy as the amounts raised would be tiny compared with what has been taken away by central government since 2010. Still, it is to be hoped that the Scottish government's bold move will prompt others to act. There is no reason why visitors to the UK, or domestic tourists on holiday in hotspots such as Cornwall, should be exempt from taxation-particularly when vital local services including waste collection, park maintenance and arts and culture spending are under unprecedented strain.On the contrary, compelling tourists to make a financial contribution to the places they visit beyond their personal consumption should be part of a wider cultural shift. Westerners with disposable incomes have often behaved as if they have a right to go wherever they choose with little regard for the consequences. Just as the environmental harm caused by aviation and other transport must come under far greater scrutiny, the social cost of tourism must also be confronted. This includes the impact of short-term lets on housing costs and quality of life for residents. Several European capitals, including Paris and Berlin, are leading a campaign for tougher regulation by theEuropean Union. It also includes the impact of overcrowding, liter and the kinds of behaviour associated with noisy parties.There is no"one size fits all"solution to this problem. The existence of new revenue streams for some but not all councils is complicated, and businesses are often opposed, fearing higher costs will make them uncompetitive. But those places that want them must be given the chance to make tourist taxes work.51.What do we learn from Nicola Sturgeon's speech?A)The UK is set to adjust its policy on taxation.B)Tourists will have to pay a tax to visit Scotland.C)The UK will take new measures to boost tourism.D)Edinburgh contributes most to Scotland's tourism.52.How come the UK has been slow in imposing the tourist tax?A)Its government wants to attract more tourists.B)The tax is unlikely to add much to its revenue.C)Its ruling party is opposed to taxes and regulation.D)It takes time for local governments to reach consensus.53.Both international and domestic visitors in the UK should pay tourist tax so as to .A)elevate its tourism to international standardsB)improve the welfare of its maintenance workersC)promote its cultural exchange with other nationsD)case its financial burden of providing local services54.What does the author say about Western tourists?A)They don't seem to care about the social cost of tourism.B)They don't seem to mind paying for additional services.C)They deem travel an important part of their life.D)They subject the effects of tourism to scrutiny.55.What are UK people's opinions about the levy of tourist tax?A)Supportive.B)Skeptical.C)Divided.D)Unclear.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.云南是位于中国西南的一个省，平均海拔1500米。
2018年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版 第2套)
Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on ho w to balance jobresponsibilities and personal interests. You should write at lea st 150 words but no more than 200 words.______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two longconversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustch oose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then m ark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Stop worrying about him.B) Keep away from the statue.C) Take a picture of him.D) Pat on a smile for the photo.2. A) Gaining great fame on the Internet.B) Publishing a collection of his photos.C) Collecting the best photos in the world.D) Becoming a professional photographer.3. A) Surfing various websites and collecting photos.B) Editing his pictures and posting them online.C) Following similar accounts to compare notes.D) Studying the pictures in popular social media.4. A) They are far from satisfactory.B) They are mostly taken by her mom.C) They make an impressive album.D) They record her fond memories.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) A journal reporting the latest progress in physics.B) An introductory course of modem physics.C) An occasion for physicists to exchange ideas.D) A series of interviews with outstanding physicists.6. A) The future of the physical world.B) The origin of the universe.C) Sources of radiation.D) Particle theory.7. A) How matter collides with anti-matter.B) Whether the universe will turn barren.C) Why there exists anti-matter.D) Why there is a universe at all8. A) Matter and anti-matter are opposites of each other.B) Anti-matter allowed humans to come into existence.C) The universe formed due to a sufficient amount of matter.D) Anti-matter exists in very high-temperature environments.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each pas sage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questio ns will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the b est answer fromthe four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corres ponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) She found herself speaking a foreign language.B) She woke up speaking with a different accent.C) She found some symptoms of her illness gone.D) She woke up finding herself in another country.10. A) It is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury.B) It has not yet found any effective treatment.C) It leaves the patient with a distorted memory.D) It often happens to people with speech defects.11. A) British.B) Irish.C) Russian.D) Australian.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Water sports.B) Racing in rivers.C) Stories about women swimmers.D) Books about swimming.13. A) She succeeded in swimming across the English Channel.B) She published a guide to London's best swimming spots.C) She told her story of adventures to some young swimmers.D) She wrote a book about the history of swimwear in the UK.14. A) They loved vacationing on the seashore.B) They had a unique notion of modesty.C) They were prohibited from swimming.D) They were fully dressed when swimming.15. A) She designed lots of appropriate swimwear for women.B) She once successfully competed against men in swimming.C) She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.D) She was an advocate of women's right to swim in public pools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks f ollowedby three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. Af ter you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choic es marked A, B, C andD. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Shee t 1 with a single line throughthe centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Build a machine that can detect lies.B) Develop a magnetic brain scanner.C) Test the credibility of court evidence.D) Win people's complete trust in them.17. A) They are optimistic about its potential.B) They are sceptical of its reliability.C) They think it is but business promotion.D) They celebrate it with great enthusiasm.18. A) It is not to be trusted at all.B) It does not sound economical.C) It may intrude into people's privacy.D) It may lead to overuse in court trials.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Most of its residents speak several languages.B) Some of its indigenous languages are dying out.C) Each village there speaks a totally different language.D) Its languages have interested researchers the world over.20. A) They are spread randomly across the world.B) Some are more difficult to learn than others.C) More are found in tropical regions than in the mild zones.D) They enrich and impact each other in more ways than one.21. A) They used different methods to collect and analyze data.B) They identified distinct patterns of language distribution.C) Their conclusions do not correspond to their original hypotheses.D) There is no conclusive account for the cause of language diversity.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Its middle-class is disappearing.B) Its wealth is rationally distributed.C) Its population is rapidly growing.D) Its cherished dream is coming true.23. A) Success was but a dream without conscientious effort.B) They could realize their dreams through hard work.C) A few dollars could go a long way.D) Wealth was shared by all citizens.24. A) Better working conditions.B) Better-paying jobs.C) High social status.D) Full employment.25. A) Reduce the administrative costs.B) Adopt effective business models.C) Hire part-time employees only.D) Make use of the latest technology.Part III Reading Comprehension (40minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are require d to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the co rresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throught he centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator；it also hurtsstudents who're already struggling to __26__ the material. A new study from Michigan StateUniversity, though, argues that all students—includ ing high achievers—see a decline in performance when they browse the Inte rnet during class for non-academic purposes.To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class, researche rs __27__500 students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State Unive rsity. Researchers usedACT scores as a measure of intellectual __28__ Bec ause previous research has shown thatpeople with high intellectual abilities are better at __29__ out distractions, researchersbelieved students with high ACT scores would not show a __30__ decrease in performance due to their use of digital devices. But students who surfed the web during class did worseontheir exams regardless of their ACT scores, suggesting that even the acade mically smarteststudents are harmed when they're distracted in class.College professors are increasingly __31__ alarm bells about the effects smar tphones, laptops, and tablets have on academic performance. One 2013 st udy of college students found that 80% of students use their phones or laptop s during class, with the average student checkingtheir digital device 11 times in a __32__ class. A quarter of students report that their use ofdigital device s during class causes their grades to __33__.Professors sometimes implement policies designed to __34__ students' use of digital devices, and world where people are increasingly some instructors e ven confiscate (没收）tablets andphones. In dependent on their phones, though, such strategies of ten fail. One internationalstudy found that 84% of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones. Untilstudents are able to __35__ the pull of social networking, texting, and endlessly surfing theweb, they may continue to straggle in their classes.A) aptitude B) eradication C) evaluated D) evaporated E) filtering F) grasp G) legacy H) minimize I) obscure J) obsess K) raising L) resist M) signific ant N) suffer O) typicalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statemen ts attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the pa ragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You m ay choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a lette r. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet2.A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-Emerges after 300 YearsA) Maria Sibylla Merian, like many European women of the 17th century, stay ed busy managinga household and rearing children. But on top of that, Meria n, a German-born woman who livedin the Netherlands, also managed a succe ssful career as an artist, botanist, naturalist andentomologist (昆虫学家).B)"She was a scientist on the level with a lot of people we spend a lot of time ta lking about," said Kay Etheridge, a biologist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylv ania who has been studying thescientific history of Merian's work."She didn't do as much to change biology as Charles Darwin, but she was sig nificant. "C) At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian d iscovered factsabout plants and insects that were not previously known. Her observations helped dismiss the popular belief that insects spontaneouslyemerged from mud. The knowledge she collectedover decades didn't just sati sfy those curious about nature, but also provided valuable insights into medi cine and science. She was the first to bring together insects and theirhabitats, including food they ate, into a single ecological composition.D) After years of pleasing a fascinated audience across Europe with books of detailed descriptions and life-size paintings of familiar insects, in 1699 she s ailed with her daughternearly 5,000 miles from the Netherlands to South America to study insects in the jungl es ofwhat is now known as Suriname. She was 52 years old. The result was h er masterpiece, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium.E) In her work, she revealed a side of nature so exotic, dramatic and valua ble to Europeansof the time that she received much acclaim. But a century l ater, her findings came underscientific criticism. Shoddy（粗糙的）reproductions of her work along with setbacks to women'sroles in 18th- and 1 9th- century Europe resulted in her efforts being largely forgotten."It waskind of stunning when she sort of dropped off into oblivion（遗忘）," said Dr. Etheridge."Victorians started putting women in a box, and they're still trying to crawl o ut of it."F) Today, the pioneering woman of the sciences has re-emerged. In recent ye ars, feminists，historians and artists have all praised Merian's tenacity（坚韧）, talent andinspirational artistic compositions. And now biologists like Dr. Etheridge are digging into thescientific texts that accompanied her art. Three hundred years after her death, Merian will be celebrated at an international symposium in Amsterdam this June.G) And last month, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium was republish ed. It contains 60 plates (插图）and original descriptions, along with stories about Merian's life and updateds cientific descriptions. Before writing Metamorphosis, Merian spent decades do cumentingEuropean plants and insects that she published in a series of books. She began in her 20s, making textless, decorative paintings of flowers with insects."Then she got really serious," Dr. Etheridge said. Merian started raising insect s at home, mostly butterflies and caterpillars."Shewould sit up all night until they came out of the pupa (桶）so she could draw them," she said.H) The results of her decades' worth of careful observations were detailed pa intings anddescriptions of European insects, followed by unconventional vis uals and stories of insects andanimals from a land that most at the time could only imagine. It's possible Merian used amagnifying glass to capture the det ail of the split tongues of sphinx moths (斯芬克斯飞蛾）depicted in the painting. She wrote that the two tongues combine to form one tube fordrinking nectar (花蜜）. Some criticized this detail later, saying there was just one tongue, but Merian wasn't wrong. She may have observed the adult moth just as it emer ged from its pupa. For a brief moment during that stage of its life cycle, the t ongue consists of two tiny half-tubesbefore merging into one.I) It may not have been ladylike to depict a giant spider devouring a hummi ngbird, but whenMerian did it at the turn of the 18th century, surprisingly, no body objected. Dr. Etheridge calledit revolutionary. The image, which also c ontained novel descriptions of ants, fascinated aEuropean audience that was more concerned with the exotic story unfolding before them thanthe gender of the person who painted it.J)"All of these things shook up their nice, neat little view," Dr. Etheridge said. B ut later, peopleof the Victorian era thought differently. Her work had been rep roduced, sometimes incorrectly. A few observations were deemed impossibl e."She'd been called a silly woman for saying thata spider could eat a bird," Dr . Etheridge said. But Henry Walter Bates, a friend of CharlesDarwin, observed it and put it in book in 1863, proving Merian was correct.K) In the same plate, Merian depicted and described leaf-cutter ants for the fi rst time."InAmerica there are large ants which can eat whole trees bare as a broom h andle in a singlenight, she wrote in the description. Merian noted how the a nts took the leaves below groundto their young. And she wouldn't have know n this at the time, but the ants use the leaves tofarm fungi (菌类）underground to feed their developing babies.L) Merian was correct about the giant bird-eating spiders, ants building bridge s with theirbodies and other details. But in the same drawing, she incorrectly l umped together army andleaf-cutter ants. And instead of showing just the ty pical pair of eggs in a hummingbird nest, she painted four. She made other mistakes in Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium aswell: not every cat erpillar and butterfly matched.M) Perhaps one explanation for her mistakes is that she cut short her Surina me trip aftergetting sick, and completed the book at home in Amsterdam. An d errors are common amongsome of history's most- celebrated scientific min ds, too."These errors no more invalidate Ms. Merian's work than do well- known mis conceptions published by Charles Darwin or IsaacNewton," Dr. Etheridge wrote in a paper that argued that too many have wrongly focu sed onthe mistakes of her work.N) Merian's paintings inspired artists and ecologists. In an 1801 drawing fro m his book, General Zoology Amphibia, George Shaw, an English botanist and zoologist, credited Merian fordescribing a frog in the account of her South A merican expedition, and named the young treefrog after her in his portraya l of it. It wouldn't be fair to give Merian all the credit. Shereceived assistanc e naming plants, making sketches and referencing the work of others. Herdau ghters helped her color her drawings.O) Merian also made note of the help she received from the natives of Surina me, as well asslaves or servants that assisted her. In some instances she wro te moving passages that includedher helpers in descriptions. As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower,"TheIndians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds t o abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves. Th e black slaves from Guinea and Angolahave demanded to be well treated, thr eatening to refuse to have children. In fact, theysometimes take their own li ves because they are treated so badly, and because they believethey will be b orn again, free and living in their own land. They told me this themselves. " P) Londa Schiebinger, a professor of the history of science at Stanford Univer sity, called thispassage rather astonishing. It's particularly striking centurie s later when these issues are still prominent in public discussions about soci al justice and women's rights."She was ahead ofher time," Dr. Etheridge said.36. Merian was the first scientist to study a type of American ant.37. The European audience was more interested in Merian's drawings than he r gender.38. Merian's masterpiece came under attack a century after its publication.39. Merian's mistakes in her drawings may be attributed to her shortened sta y in SouthAmerica.40. Merian often sat up the whole night through to observe and draw insects.41. Merian acknowledged the help she got from natives of South America.42. Merian contributed greatly to people's better understanding of medicine a nd science.43. Merian occasionally made mistakes in her drawings of insects and birds.44. Now, Merian's role as a female forerunner in sciences has been re-establi shed.45. Merian made a long voyage to South America to study jungle insects over three centuriesago.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by s ome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four cho ices marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of c omplexity, manyof us who aren't mathematicians at heart (or engineers by t rade) may struggle to rememberthe last time we used calculus (微积分）.It's a fact not lost on American educators, who amid rising math failure rates are debating howmath can better meet the real-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is taughtin schools, or eliminate some courses enti rely?Andrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advan ced algebra andother higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness, like statistics."We hear on all sides that we're not teaching enough mathematics, and the C hinese are runningrings around us," Hacker says."I'm suggesting we're teaching too much mathematics to toomany people. . . not everybody has to know calculus. If you're going to become an aeronautic al (航空的）engineer, fine. But most of us aren't."Instead, Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queen s College： Numeracy 101. There, his students of "citizen statistics" learn to a nalyze public information likethe federal budget and corporate reports. Suc h courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for thenumerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unableto calculat e the price of, say, a carpet by area.Hacker's argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what's neededis to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching themless math altogether.Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math, and has taught basic calculus concepts to 5-year-olds. For Droujkova, high-level math is important, and wh at it could use in Americanclassrooms is an injection of childlike wonder. "Make mathematics more available," Droujkova says."Redesign it so it's more accessible tomore kinds of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have had badexperiences. " Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin, has a similar p erspective. Harrissays that American education is suffering from an epidemi c of "fake math"一an emphasis onrote memorization (死记硬背）of formulas and steps, rather than an understanding of how mathcan influenc e the ways we see the world.Andrew Hacker, for the record, remains skeptical."I'm going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to work out the ways t o make theirsubject interesting and exciting so students want to take it," Hac ker says."All that I ask is thatalternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus. "46. What does the author say about ordinary Americans?A) They struggle to solve math problems.B) They think math is a complex subject.C) They find high-level math of little use.D) They work hard to learn high-level math.47. What is the general complaint about America's math education according to Hacker?A) America is not doing as well as China.B) Math professors are not doing a good job.C) It doesn't help students develop their literacy.D) There has hardly been any innovation for years.48. What does Andrew Hacker's Numeracy 101 aim to do?A) Allow students to learn high-level math step by step.B) Enable students to make practical use of basic math.C) Lay a solid foundation for advanced math studies.D) Help students to develop their analytical abilities.49. What does Maria Droujkova suggest math teachers do in class?A) Make complex concepts easy to understand.B) Start teaching children math at an early age.C) Help children work wonders with calculus.D) Try to arouse students' curiosity in math.50. What does Pamela Harris think should be the goal of math education?A) To enable learners to understand the world better.B) To help learners to tell fake math from real math.C) To broaden Americans' perspectives on math.D) To exert influence on world development.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The B ureau of LaborStatistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demandwill grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs bythen.So what's the solution? Robots.Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi Universit y of Technologyhas developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can makehospital rounds, delivermedications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as adoctor or nurse, who can use it to reco rd and access patient data. This type of robot will likelybe one of the first to b e implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cogni tive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can s erve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots suc h as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smar tphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotelymonitor pati ents or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ' face' would be. If youcan't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresenc e robot to hang outwith her. A 2016 study found that users had a "consisten tly positive attitude" about the Giraffrobot's ability to enhance communicati on and decrease feelings of loneliness.A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why theRIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop arobotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear . RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as ‘Robear', can h elp patients into and out of wheelchairs and beds with its strongarms.On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-lik e that somepatients may not know the difference. This conversational robot c ompanion has cameras in itseyes, which allow it to track patients and use a ppropriate facial expressions and bodylanguage in its interactions. During a month- long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patientshow they felt being around the robot and "only three or four said they didn't like having itaround. "It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Ins tead, they perform routine andlaborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend t o patients with immediate needs. This is oneindustry where it seems the int egration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.51. What does the author say about Japan?A) It delivers the best medications for the elderly.B) It takes the lead in providing robotic care.C) It provides retraining for registered nurses.D) It sets the trend in future robotics technology.52. What do we learn about the robot Terapio?A) It has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals.B) It provides specific individualized care to patients.C) It does not have much direct contact with patients.D) It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.53. What are telepresence robots designed to do?A) Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.B) Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.C) Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock.D) Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family membe rs.54. What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?A) It interacts with patients just like a human companion.B) It operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.C) It likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.D) It uses body language even more effectively than words.55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.B) The robotics industry will soon take off.C) Robots will not make nurses redundant.D) Collaboration will not replace competition.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on AnswerSheet 2.中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。
六级英语真题2018年6月(第三套)试卷及答案详解
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Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains 叫ormation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from咖ch the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. In the real world, nobody cares that you went to an Ivy League school
And just think of how wonderful it would be if you had a live-in robot. It could, 31 , be likehaving a babysitter and a nurse rolled into one—or, if that required 32 intelligence beyond thepower of Mr. Musk's imagined machine, at least someone to chop the carrots, wash the car andmow the lawn. Once purchased and trained, this would allow the 33 user to save money andtime, freeing up 34 space in our busy lives to read a good book.
2018年12月大学英语六级真题试卷(二)(题后含答案及解析)
2018年12月大学英语六级真题试卷（二）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：How to Balance Job Responsibilities and Personal Interests When it comes to the issue of how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests, the majority of people will be confused. Since both of them have a significant impact on our life, then how to strike a balance between the two. Here are my views. On the one hand, we should attach primary importance to job responsibilities, as our job can provide us regular income with which we can live the life we like. Besides, now that we’ve taken this job, we should regard it as our mission and be conscientious about it. On the other hand, important as it is, job is not everything of our life. It’ s also necessary for us to spend due time on our personal interests, so that we can take a rest from work. What’ s more, whether we can develop our personal interests also has a great effect on our life quality. All in all, it is high time that we placed great emphasis on the balance of job responsibilities and personal interests. We are supposed to ensure the time to develop our interests on the condition of finishing our job.解析：这是一篇议论文写作，话题是如何平衡工作责任与个人兴趣。
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题完整版-附答案和听力音频原文(第2套)
2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题完整版附答案和听力音频原文（第2套）（此文档分三部分：真题试卷、答案、听力原文）一、真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section AQuestions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)Stop worrying about him.B)Keep away from the statue.C)Take a picture of him.D)Put on a smile for the photo.2. A)Gaining great fame on the Internet.B)Publishing a collection of his photos.C)Collecting the best photos in the world.D)Becoming a professional photographer.3. A)Surfing various websites and collecting photos.B)Editing his pictures and posting them online.C)Following similar accounts to compare notes.D)Studying the pictures in popular social media.4. A)They are far from satisfactory.B)They are mostly taken by her mom.C)They make an impressive album.D)They record her fond memories.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A)A journal reporting the latest progress in physics.B)An introductory course of modern physics.C)An occasion for physicists to exchange ideas.D)A series of interviews with outstanding physicists.6. A)The future of the physical world.B)The origin of the universe.C)Sources of radiation.D)Particle theory.7. A)How matter collides with anti-matter.B)Whether the universe will turn barren.C)Why there exists anti-matter.D)Why there is a universe at all.8. A)Matter and anti-matter are opposites of each other.B)Anti-matter allowed humans to come into existence.C)The universe formed due to a sufficient amount of matter.D)Anti-matter exists in very high-temperature environments.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A)She found herself speaking a foreign language.B)She woke up speaking with a different accent.C)She found some symptoms of her illness gone.D)She woke up finding herself in another country.10. A)It is usually caused by a stroke or brain injury.B)It has not yet found any effective treatment.C)It leaves the patient with a distorted memory.D)It often happens to people with speech defects.11. A)British. B)Irish.C)Russian. D)Australian.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A)Water sports.B)Racing in rivers.C)Stories about women swimmers.D)Books about swimming.13. A)She succeeded in swimming across the English Channel.B)She published a guide to London’s best swimming spots.C)She told her story of adventures to some young swimmers.D)She wrote a book about the history of swimwear in the UK.14. A)They loved vacationing on the seashore.B)They had a unique notion of modesty.C)They were prohibited from swimming.D)They were fully dressed when swimming.15. A)She designed lots of appropriate swimwear for women.B)She once successfully competed against men in swimming.C)She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel.D)She was an advocate of women’s right to swim in public pools.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three orfour questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A)Build a machine that can detect lies.B)Develop a magnetic brain scanner.C)Test the credibility of court evidence.D)Win people’s complete trust in them.17. A)They are optimistic about its potential.B)They are sceptical of its reliability.C)They think it is but business promotion.D)They celebrate it with great enthusiasm.18. A)It is not to be trusted at all.B)It does not sound economical.C)It may intrude into people’s privacy.D)It may lead to overuse in court trials.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A)Most of its residents speak several languages.B)Some of its indigenous languages are dying out.C)Each village there speaks a totally different language.D)Its languages have interested researchers the world over.20. A)They are spread randomly across the world.B)Some are more difficult to learn than others.C)More are found in tropical regions than in the mild zones.D)They enrich and impact each other in more ways than one.21. A)They used different methods to collect and analyze data.B)They identified distinct patterns of language distribution.C)Their conclusions do not correspond to their original hypotheses.D)There is no conclusive account for the cause of language diversity.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A)Its middle-class is disappearing.B)Its wealth is rationally distributed.C)Its population is rapidly growing.D)Its cherished dream is coming true.23.A)Success was but a dream without conscientious effort.B)They could realize their dreams through hard work.C)A few dollars could go a long way.D)Wealth was shared by all citizens.24.A)Better working conditions.B)Better-paying jobs.C)High social status.D)Full employment.25. A)Reduce the administrative costs.B)Adopt effective business models.C)Hire part-time employees only.D)Make use of the latest technology.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A 选词填空Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator; it also hurts students who're already struggling to 26 the material. A new study from Michigan State University, though, argues that all students—including high achievers—see a decline in performance when they browse the Internet during class for non-academic purposes.To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class, researchers 27 500 students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State University. Researchers used ACT scores as a measure of intellectual 28 . Because previous research has shown that people with high intellectual abilities are better at 29 out distractions, researchers believed students with high ACT scores would not show a 30 decrease in performance due to their use of digital devices. But students who surfed the web during class did worse on their exams regardless of their ACT scores, suggesting that even the academically smartest students are harmed when they're distracted in class.College professors are increasingly 31 alarm bells about the effects smartphones, laptops, and tablets have on academic performance. One 2013 study of college students found that 80% of students use their phones or laptops during class, with the average student checking their digital device 11 times in a 32 class. A quarter of students report that their use of digital devices during class causes their grades to 33 .Professors sometimes implement policies designed to 34 students' use of digitaldevices, and some instructors even confiscate (没收) tablets and phones. In a world where peopleare increasingly dependent on their phones, though, such strategies often fail. One international study found that 84% of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones. Until students are able to 35 the pull of social networking, texting, and endlessly surfing the web, they may continue to struggle in their classes.Section B 段落匹配A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-Emerges after 300 Y ears[A] Maria Sibylla Merian, like many European women of the 17th century, stayed busy managing a household and rearing children. But on top of that, Merian, a German-born woman who lived in the Netherlands, also managed a successful career as an artist, botanist, naturalist andentomologist （昆虫学家）.[B] “She was a scientist on the level with a lot of people we spend a lot of time talking about,” said Kay Etheridge, a biologist at Gettysburg College in Pennsylvania who has been studying the scientific history of Merian’s work. “She didn't do as much to change biology as Charles Darwin, but she was significant.”[C] At a time when natural history was a valuable tool for discovery, Merian discovered facts about plants and insects that were not previously known. Her observations helped dismiss the popular belief that insects spontaneously emerged from mud. The knowledge she collected over decades didn't just satisfy those curious about nature, but also provided valuable insights into medicine and science. She was the first to bring together insects and their habitats, including food they ate, into a single ecological composition.[D] After years of pleasing a fascinated audience across Europe with books of detailed descriptions and life-size paintings of familiar insects, in 1699 she sailed with her daughter nearly 5,000 miles from the Netherlands to South America to study insects in the jungles of what is now known as Suriname. She was 52 years old. The result was her masterpiece, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium.[E] In her work, she revealed a side of nature so exotic, dramatic and valuable to Europeans of the time that she received much acclaim. But a century later, her findings came under scientificcriticism. Shoddy （粗糙的）reproductions of her work along with setbacks to women's roles in18th- and 19th-century Europe resulted in her efforts being largely forgotten. “It was kind ofstunning when she sort of dropped off into oblivion （遗忘）,” said Dr. Etheridge. “Victoriansstarted putting women in a box, and they're still trying to crawl out of it.”[F] Today, the pioneering woman of the sciences has re-emerged. In recent years, feminists,historians and artists have all praised Merian's tenacity （坚韧）, talent and inspirational artisticcompositions. And now biologists like Dr. Etheridge are digging into the scientific texts that accompanied her art. Three hundred years after her death, Merian will be celebrated at an international symposium in Amsterdam this June.[G] And last month, Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium was republished. It contains60 plates （插图）and original descriptions, along with stories about Merian's life and updatedscientific descriptions. Before writing Metamorphosis, Merian spent decades documenting European plants and insects that she published in a series of books. She began in her 20s, making textless, decorative paintings of flowers with insects. “Then she got really serious,” Dr. Etheridge said. Merian started raising insects at home, mostly butterflies and caterpillars. “She would sit upall night until they came out of the pupa （蛹）so she could draw them,” she said.[H] The results of her decades' worth of careful observations were detailed paintings and descriptions of European insects, followed by unconventional visuals and stories of insects and animals from a land that most at the time could only imagine. It's possible Merian used amagnifying glass to capture the detail of the split tongues of sphinx moths （斯芬克斯飞蛾）depicted in the painting. She wrote that the two tongues combine to form one tube for drinkingnectar （花蜜）. Some criticized this detail later, saying there was just one tongue, but Merianwasn't wrong. She may have observed the adult moth just as it emerged from its pupa. For a brief moment during that stage of its life cycle, the tongue consists of two tiny half-tubes before merging into one.[I] It may not have been ladylike to depict a giant spider devouring a hummingbird, but when Merian did it at the turn of the 18th century, surprisingly, nobody objected. Dr. Etheridge called it revolutionary. The image, which also contained novel descriptions of ants, fascinated a European audience that was more concerned with the exotic story unfolding before them than the gender of the person who painted it.[J] “All of these things shook up their nice, neat little view,” Dr. Etheridge said. But later, people of the Victorian era thought differently. Her work had been reproduced, sometimes incorrectly. A few observations were deemed impossible. “She'd been called a silly woman for saying that a spider could eat a bird,” Dr. Etheridge said. But Henry Walter Bates, a friend of Charles Darwin, observed it and put it in book in 1863, proving Merian was correct.[K] In the same plate, Merian depicted and described leaf-cutter ants for the first time. “In America there are large ants which can eat whole trees bare as a broom handle in a single night,” she wrote in the description. Merian noted how the ants took the leaves below ground to their young. And she wouldn't have known this at the time, but the ants use the leaves to farm fungi（菌类）underground to feed their developing babies.[L] Merian was correct about the giant bird-eating spiders, ants building bridges with their bodies and other details. But in the same drawing, she incorrectly lumped together army andleaf-cutter ants. And instead of showing just the typical pair of eggs in a hummingbird nest, she painted four. She made other mistakes in Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium as well: not every caterpillar and butterfly matched.[M] Perhaps one explanation for her mistakes is that she cut short her Suriname trip after getting sick, and completed the book at home in Amsterdam. And errors are common among some of history's most-celebrated scientific minds, too. “These errors no more invalidate Ms. Merian's work than do well-known misconceptions published by Charles Darwin or Isaac Newton,” Dr. Etheridge wrote in a paper that argued that too many have wrongly focused on the mistakes of her work.[N] Merian’s paintings inspired artists and ecologists. In an 1801 drawing from his book, General Zoology Amphibia, George Shaw, an English botanist and zoologist, credited Merian for describing a frog in the account of her South American expedition, and named the young tree frog after her in his portrayal of it. It wouldn't be fair to give Merian all the credit. She receivedassistance naming plants, making sketches and referencing the work of others. Her daughters helped her color her drawings.[O] Merian also made note of the help she received from the natives of Suriname, as well as slaves or servants that assisted her. In some instances she wrote moving passages that included her helpers in descriptions. As she wrote in her description of the peacock flower, “The Indians, who are not treated well by their Dutch masters, use the seeds to abort their children, so that they will not become slaves like themselves. The black slaves from Guinea and Angola have demanded to be well treated, threatening to refuse to have children. In fact, they sometimes take their own lives because they are treated so badly, and because they believe they will be born again, free and living in their own land. They told me this themselves.”[P] Londa Schiebinger, a professor of the history of science at Stanford University, called this passage rather astonishing. It's particularly striking centuries later when these issues are still prominent in public discussions about social justice and women’s rights. “She was ahead of her time,” Dr. Etheridge said.36. Merian was the first scientist to study a type of American ant.37. The European audience was more interested in Merian's drawings than her gender.38.Merian's masterpiece came under attack a century after its publication.39. Merian’s mistakes in her drawings may be attributed to her shortened stay in South America.40. Merian often sat up the whole night through to observe and draw insects.41. Merian acknowledged the help she got from natives of South America.42. Merian contributed greatly to people's better understanding of medicine and science.43. Merian occasionally made mistakes in her drawings of insects and birds.44. Now, Merian's role as a female forerunner in sciences has been re-established.45.Merian made a long voyage to South America to study jungle insects over three centuries ago.Section C 仔细阅读Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.While human achievements in mathematics continue to reach new levels of complexity, many of us who aren't mathematicians at heart (or engineers by trade) may struggle to rememberthe last time we used calculus (微积分).It’s a fact not lost on American educators, who amid rising math failure rates are debating how math can better meet the real-life needs of students. Should we change the way math is taught in schools, or eliminate some courses entirely?Andrew Hacker, Queens College political science professor, thinks that advanced algebra and other higher-level math should be cut from curricula in favor of courses with more routine usefulness, like statistics.“We hear on all sides that we're not teaching enough mathematics, and the Chinese are running rings around us,” Hacker says. “I'm suggesting we're teaching too much mathematics to too many people…not everybody has to know calculus. If you're going to become an aeronautical(航空的) engineer, fine. But most of us aren't.”Instead, Hacker is pushing for more courses like the one he teaches at Queens College：Numeracy 101. There, his students of “citizen statistics” learn to analyze public information like the federal budget and corporate reports. Such courses, Hacker argues, are a remedy for the numerical illiteracy of adults who have completed high-level math like algebra but are unable to calculate the price of, say, a carpet by area.Hacker's argument has met with opposition from other math educators who say what's needed is to help students develop a better relationship with math earlier, rather than teaching them less math altogether.Maria Droujkova is a founder of Natural Math, and has taught basic calculus concepts to5-year-olds. For Droujkova, high-level math is important, and what it could use in American classrooms is an injection of childlike wonder.“Make mathematics more available,” Droujkova says. “Redesign it so it's more accessible to more kinds of people: young children, adults who worry about it, adults who may have had bad experiences.”Pamela Harris, a lecturer at the University of Texas at Austin, has a similar perspective. Harris says that American education is suffering from an epidemic of “fake math”—an emphasison rote memorization (死记硬背) of formulas and steps, rather than an understanding of howmath can influence the ways we see the world.Andrew Hacker, for the record, remains skeptical.“I'm going to leave it to those who are in mathematics to work out the ways to make their subject interesting and exciting so students want to take it,” Hacker says. “All that I ask is that alternatives be offered instead of putting all of us on the road to calculus.”46. What does the author say about ordinary Americans?A)They struggle to solve math problems.B)They think math is a complex subject.C)They find high-level math of little use.D)They work hard to learn high-level math.47. What is the general complaint about America's math education according to Hacker?A)America is not doing as well as China.B)Math professors are not doing a good job.C)It doesn't help students develop their literacy.D)There has hardly been any innovation for years.48.What does Andrew Hacker's Numeracy 101 aim to do?A)Allow students to learn high-level math step by step.B)Enable students to make practical use of basic math.C)Lay a solid foundation for advanced math studies.D)Help students to develop their analytical abilities.49. What does Maria Droujkova suggest math teachers do in class?A)Make complex concepts easy to understand.B)Start teaching children math at an early age.C)Help children work wonders with calculus.D)Try to arouse students' curiosity in math.50. What does Pamela Harris think should be the goal of math education?A)To enable learners to understand the world better.B)To help learners to tell fake math from real math.C)To broaden Americans' perspectives on math.D)To exert influence on world development.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passageFor years, the U.S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.So what's the solution? Robots.Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ‘face’ would be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A 2016 study found that users had a “consistently positive attitude” about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body On the less cute and more scary side there is Actroid F, which is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in its eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in its interactions. During a month-long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and “only three or four said they didn't like having it around.”It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.51. What does the author say about Japan?A)It delivers the best medications for the elderly.B)It takes the lead in providing robotic care.C)It provides retraining for registered nurses.D)It sets the trend in future robotics technology.52. What do we learn about the robot Terapio?A)It has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals.B)It provides specific individualized care to patients.C)It does not have much direct contact with patients.D)It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.53.What are telepresence robots designed to do?A)Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.B)Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.C)Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock.D)Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.54.What is one special feature of the robot Actroid F?A)It interacts with patients just like a human companion.B)It operates quietly without patients realizing its presence.C)It likes to engage in everyday conversations with patients.D)It uses body language even more effectively than words.55.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A)Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.B)The robotics industry will soon take off.C)Robots will not make nurses redundant.D)Collaboration will not replace competition.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。
大学英语六级第2套真题及答案解析
2021 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题〔第二套〕特别说明：2021 年 6 月大学英语六级试卷的三套试题有重叠局部，本试卷〔第二套〕只列出与第一、第三套不重复的试题。
具体重叠局部：本卷全部听力题与第一套试卷有重复，本试卷不再列出。
Part I Writing (30 minutes)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e-learning. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Directions:Part III Reading comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear—man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26 : Who will be responsible when they do something wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27 of computational power and engineering advances will 28 enable lower-cost in- home care for the disabled, 29 use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk- and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30 to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone ( 遥控飞行器 ) operator will 31 someone’s privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor’s cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32 of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33 and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34 space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35 and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price the risk of the robots based on the manufacturer’s driving record, not the passenger’s.注意：此局部试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题、听力原文及参考答案(第2套)
2016年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e-learning. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Question 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A.The project the man managed at CucinTech.B.The updating of technology at CucinTech.C.The man’s switch to a new career.D.The restructuring of her company.2. A.Talented personnel.B.Strategic innovation.petitive products.D.Effective promotion.3. A.Expand the market.B.Recruit more talents.C.Innovate constantly.D.Watch out for his competitors.4. A.Possible bankruptcy.B.Unforeseen difficulties.C.Conflicts within the company.D.Imitation by one’s competitors.Question 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A.The job of an interpreter.B.The stress felt by professionals.C.The importance of language proficiency.D.The best way to effective communication.6. A.Promising.B.Admirable.C.Rewarding.D.Meaningful.7. A.They all have a strong interest in language.B.They all have professional qualifications.C.They have all passed language proficiency tests.D.They have all studied cross-cultural differences.8. A.It requires a much larger vocabulary.B.It attaches more importance to accuracy.C.It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.D.It puts one’s long-term memory under more stress.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Question 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A.It might affect mothers’ health.B.It might disturb infants’ sleep.C.It might increase the risk of infants’ death.D.It might increase mothers’ mental distress.10. A.Mothers who breast-feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.B.Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.C.Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies’ health.D.Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.11. A.Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies’.B.Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.C.Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.D.Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Question 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A. A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.B.The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.C.The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.D.More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.13. A.To set up more language schools.B.To document endangered languages.C.To educate native American children.D.To revitalize America’s native languages.14. A.The US government’s policy of Americanizing Indian children.B.The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C.The US government’s unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.D.The long-time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.15. A.It is being utilized to teach native languages.B.It tells traditional stories during family time.C.It speeds up the extinction of native languages.D.It is widely used in language immersion schools.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hoar a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Question 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A.It pays them up to half of their pervious wages while they look for work.B.It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for 99 weeks.C.It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.D.It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.17. A.Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.B.Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.C.Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.D.Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18. A.To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.B.To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.C.To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.D.To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.Question 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A.They measured the depths of sea water.B.They analyzed the water content.C.They explored the ocean floor.D.They investigated the ice.20. A.Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.B.Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.C.The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.D.The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.21. A.Arctic ice is a major source of the world’s fresh water.B.The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.C.The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.D.Arctic ice is essential to human survival.22. A.It will do a lot of harm to mankind.B.There is no easy way to understand it.C.It will advance nuclear technology.D.There is no easy technological solution to it.Question 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A. The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.B.The relation between children’s self-control and their future success.C.The health problems of children raised by a single parent.D.The deciding factor in children’s academic performance.24. A. Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.B.Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.C.Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.ck of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25. A. Self-control can be improved through education.B.Self-control can improve one’s financial situation.C.Self-control problems may be detected early in children.D.Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.The robotics revolution is set to bring humans face to face with an old fear --man-made creations as smart and capable as we are but without a moral compass. As robots take on ever more complex roles, the question naturally 26 : Who will be responsible when they dosomething wrong? Manufacturers? Users? Software writers? The answer depends on the robot.Robots already save us time, money and energy. In the future, they will improve our health care, social welfare and standard of living. The 27 of computational power and engineering advances will 28 enable lower-cost in-home care for the disabled, 29 use of driverless cars that may reduce drunk-and distracted-driving accidents and countless home and service-industry uses for robots, from street cleaning to food preparation.But there are 30 to be problems. Robot cars will crash. A drone (遥控飞行器) operator will 31 someone's privacy. A robotic lawn mower will run over a neighbor's cat. Juries sympathetic to the 32 of machines will punish entrepreneurs with company-crushing 33 and damages. What should governments do to protect people while 34 space for innovation?Big, complicated systems on which much public safety depends, like driverless cars, should be built, 35 and sold by manufacturers who take responsibility for ensuring safety and are liable for accidents. Governments should set safety requirements and then let insurers price theSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Reform and Medical Costs[A] Americans are deeply concerned about the relentless rise in health care costs and health insurance premiums. They need to know if reform will help solve the problem. The answer is that no one has an easy fix for rising medical costs. The fundamental fix --reshaping how care is delivered and how doctors are paid in a wasteful, abnormal system -- is likely to be achieved only through trial and error and incremental (渐进的) gains.[B] The good news is that a bill just approved by the House and a bill approved by the Senate Finance Committee would implement or test many reforms that should help slow the rise in medical costs over the long term. As a report in The New England Journal of Medicine concluded, "Pretty much every proposed innovation found in the health policy literature these days is contained in these measures."[C] Medical spending, which typically rises faster than wages and the overall economy, is propelled by two things: the high prices charged for medical services in this country and the volume of unnecessary care delivered by doctors and hospitals, which often perform a lot more tests and treatments than a patient really needs.[D] Here are some of the important proposals in the House and Senate bills to try to address those problems, and why it is hard to know how well they will work.[E] Both bills would reduce the rate of growth in annual Medicare payments to hospitals, nursing homes and other providers by amounts comparable to the productivity savings routinely made in other industries with the help of new technologies and new ways to organize work. This proposal could save Medicare more than $100 billion over the next decade. If private plans demanded similar productivity savings from providers, and refused to let providers shift additional costs to them, the savings could be much larger. Critics say Congress will give in to lobbyists and let inefficient providers off the hook(放过). That is far less likely to happen if Congress also adopts strong "pay-go" rules requiring that any increase in payments to providers be offset by new taxes or budget cuts.[F] The Senate Finance bill would impose an excise tax (消费税) on health insurance plans that cost more than $8,000 for an individual or $21,000 for a family. It would most likely cause insurers to redesign plans to fall beneath the threshold. Enrollees would have to pay more money for many services out of their own pockets, and that would encourage them to think twice about whether an expensive or redundant test was worth it. Economists project that most employers would shift money from expensive health benefits into wages. The House bill has no similar tax. The final legislation should.[G] Any doctor who has wrestled with multiple forms from different insurers, or patients who have tried to understand their own parade of statements, know that simplification ought to save money. When the health insurance industry was still cooperating in reform efforts, its trade group offered to provide standardized forms for automated processing. It estimated that step would save hundreds of billions of dollars over the next decade. The bills would lock that pledge into law.[H] The stimulus package provided money to convert the inefficient, paper-driven medical system to electronic records that can be easily viewed and transmitted. This requires open investments to help doctors convert. In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments.[I] Virtually all experts agree that the fee-for-service system -- doctors are rewarded for the quantity of care rather than its quality or effectiveness -- is a primary reason that the cost of care is so high. Most agree that the solution is to push doctors to accept fixed payments to care for a particular illness or for a patient's needs over a year. No one knows how to make that happen quickly. The bills in both houses would start pilot projects within Medicare. They include such measures as accountable care organizations to take charge of a patient's needs with an eye on both cost and quality, and chronic disease management to make sure the seriously ill, who are responsible for the bulk of all health care costs, are treated properly. For the most part, these experiments rely on incentive payments to get doctors to try them.[J] Testing innovations do no good unless the good experiments are identified and expanded and the bad ones are dropped. The Senate bill would create an independent commission to monitor the pilot programs and recommend changes in Medicare's payment policies to urge providers to adopt reforms that work. The changes would have to be approved or rejected as a whole by Congress, making it hard for narrow-interest lobbies to bend lawmakers to their will.[K] The bills in both chambers would create health insurance exchanges on which small businesses and individuals could choose from an array of private plans and possibly a publicoption. All the plans would have to provide standard benefit packages that would be easy to compare. To get access to millions of new customers, insurers would have a strong incentive to sell on the exchange. And the head-to-head competition might give them a strong incentive to lower their prices, perhaps by accepting slimmer profit margins or demanding better deals from providers.[L] The final legislation might throw a public plan into the competition, but thanks to the fierce opposition of the insurance industry and Republican critics, it might not save much money. The one in the House bill would have to negotiate rates with providers, rather than using Medicare rates, as many reformers wanted.[M] The president's stimulus package is pumping money into research to compare how well various treatments work. Is surgery, radiation or careful monitoring best for prostate(前列腺) cancer? Is the latest and most expensive cholesterol-lowering drug any better than its common competitors? The pending bills would spend additional money to accelerate this effort.[N] Critics have charged that this sensible idea would lead to rationing of care. (That would be true only if you believed that patients should have an unrestrained fight to treatments proven to be inferior.) As a result, the bills do not require, as they should, that the results of these studies be used to set payment rates in Medicare.[O] Congress needs to find the courage to allow Medicare to pay preferentially for treatments proven to be superior. Sometimes the best treatment might be the most expensive. But overall, we suspect that spending would come down through elimination of a lot of unnecessary or even dangerous tests and treatments.[P] The House bill would authorize the secretary of health and human services to negotiate drug prices in Medicare and Medicaid. Some authoritative analysts doubt that the secretary would get better deals than private insurers already get. We believe negotiation could work. It does in other countries.[Q] Missing from these bills is any serious attempt to rein in malpractice costs. Malpractice awards do drive up insurance premiums for doctors in high-risk specialties, and there is some evidence that doctors engage in "defensive medicine" by performing tests and treatments primarily to prove they are not negligent should they get sued.36. With a tax imposed on expensive health insurance plans, most employers will likely transfer money from health expenses into wages.37. Changes in policy would be approved or rejected as a whole so that lobbyists would find it hard to influence lawmakers.38. It is not easy to curb the rising medical costs in America.39. Standardization of forms for automatic processing will save a lot of medical expenses.40. Republicans and the insurance industry are strongly opposed to the creation of a public insurance plan.41. Conversion of paper to electronic medical records will help eliminate redundant tests and prevent drug interactions.42. The high cost of medical services and unnecessary tests and treatments have driven up medical expenses.43. One main factor that has driven up medical expenses is that doctors are compensated for the amount of care rather than its effect.44. Contrary to analysts' doubts, the author believes drug prices may be lowered through negotiation.45. Fair competition might create a strong incentive for insurers to charge less.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developing countries are using raw sewage(下水道污水) to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, according to a new report -- and it may not be a bad thing.While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food."There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers," said Liqa Raschid-Sally, who led the study.The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes. Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers (下水道).When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed. Nearly 2.2 million people die each year because of diarrhea-related (与腹泻相关的) diseases, according to WHO statistics. More than 80% of those cases can be attributed to contact with contaminated water and a lack of proper sanitation. But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he said, while the free water and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty.Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of global fresh water consumption.In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep farmers in business. In some cases, water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers.Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world. But frequently untreated human waste harvested from lavatories is delivered to farms and spread asfertilizer.In most cases, the human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventually cooked, minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50% per metric ton over the last year in some places, human waste is an attractive, and often necessary, alternative.In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer use can be avoided. The mud contains the same critical nutrients."Overly strict standards often fail," James Bartram, a WHO water-health expert, said. "We need to accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason."46. What does the author say about the use of raw sewage for farming?A) Its risks cannot be overestimated.B) It should be forbidden altogether.C) Its benefits outweigh the hazards involved.D) It is polluting millions of acres of cropland.47. What is the main problem caused by the use of wastewater for irrigation?A) Rivers and lakes nearby will gradually become contaminated.B) It will drive producers of chemical fertilizers out of business.C) Farmers and consumers may be affected by harmful bacteria.D) It will make the farm produce less competitive on the market.48. What is environmental scientist Pay Drechsel's attitude towards the use of untreated human waste in agriculture?A) Favorable.C) Indifferent.B) Skeptical. D) Responsible.49. What does Pay Drechsel think of the risks involved in using untreated human waste for farming?A) They have been somewhat exaggerated.B) They can be dealt with through education.C) They will be minimized with new technology.D) They can be addressed by improved sanitation.50. What do we learn about James Bartram's position on the use of human waste for farming?A) He echoes Pay Drechsel's opinion on the issue.B) He challenges Liqa Raschid-Sally's conclusion.C) He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.D) He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.These days, nobody needs to cook. Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals. Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs. Which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modem house: what the great hall was to the medieval castle, the kitchen is to the 21st-century home.The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status. In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion, five times the country's film industry. In the year to August 2007, IKEA, a Swedish furniture chain, sold over one million kitchens worldwide. The average budget for a "major" kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine, was a staggering $54,000; even a "minor" improvement cost on average $18,000.Exclusivity, more familiar in the world of high fashion, has reached the kitchen: Robinson & Cornish, a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens, offers a Georgian-style one which would cost ￡145,000-155,000 --excluding building, plumbing and electrical work. Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it: "You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in the world."The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modern family tells the story of a century of social change. Right into the early 20th century, kitchens were smoky, noisy places, generally located underground, or to the back of the house, and as far from living space as possible. That was as it should be: kitchens were for servants, and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them.But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in, housekeeping became a matter of interest to the educated classes. One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher, sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe. In American Woman's Home, published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management, designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and promote order.Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American, Christine Frederick, who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife. Her 1919 work, Household Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home, was based on detailed observation of a housewife's daily routine. She borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied it to domestic tasks on the kitchen floor.Frederick's central idea, that "stove, sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely", inspired the first fully fitted kitchen, designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schütter- Lihotsky. It was a modernist triumph, and many elements remain central features of today's kitchen.51. What does the author say about the kitchen of today?A) It is where housewives display their cooking skills.B) It is where the family entertains important guests.C) It has become something odd in a modem house.D) It is regarded as the center of a modem home.52. Why does the Georgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price?A) It is believed to have tremendous artistic value.B) No duplicate is to be found in any other place.C) It is manufactured by a famous British company.D) No other manufacturer can produce anything like it.53. What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect?A) Improved living conditions. C) Technological progress.B) Women's elevated status.D) Social change.54. What was the Beecher sisters' idea of a kitchen?A) A place where women could work more efficiently.B) A place where high technology could be applied.C) A place of interest to the educated people.D) A place to experiment with new ideas.55. What do we learn about today's kitchen?A) It represents the rapid technological advance in people's daily life.B) Many of its central features are no different from those of the 1920s.C) It has been transformed beyond recognition.D) Many of its functions have changed greatly.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。
2018年12月英语六级真题答案
2018年12月六级英语听力原文（完整版）第一部分写作Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance academic study and extracurriculum activities. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2018年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance work and leisure. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2018年12月英语六级真题作文(如何平衡工作和休闲)【六级作文一真题原文】Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to balance work and leisure. You have to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words。
2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(第二套完整版)
2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析(第二套完整版)2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案解析（第二套完整版）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in science or humanities at college, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参考范文】Whether to Major in Science or Humanities at College?Nowadays, as the whole society place increasingly considerable value on education, the question of whether to major in science or humanities at college is not only a concern for students, but also a focal point for parents. Some believe that to dig into science is a better choice because it promises us a brighter future; others may hold the opposite view that humanityknowledge is the foundation of humanity quality.As for me, both arguments are justified. However, I believe that the important thing is not about which subject is better, what matters most is people who will have to make the decision. In other words, we should not lay one-sided emphasis on the advantages of either subject; on the contrary, the students themselves, their interests and preferences, pros and cons are supposed to be taken into consideration. For example, if a student is more adept at humanity and that’s where his real interests lie, then he should dedicate to the study on humanity.Whether to major in science or humanities is a critical choice for every student because its result has a profound influence on personal career development and life style. Thus we should figure out what wereally care about so as not to put the cart before the horse.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you mil hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Doing enjoyable work. B) Having friendly colleagues.C)Earning a competitive salary. D) Working for supportive bosses.【解析】对话中关于第一个调查，男士说有十大因素影响着人们在工作中的幸福感。
2018年6月英语六级听力真题及原文答案(第一套)
2018年6月英语六级听力真题及原文答案（第一套全）Section AConversation 1:M: 1.Tonight we have a special guest from the local establishment the Prage Cafe。
Welcome。
W：Hi, thanks for have a meal on your show。
M: Thank you for joining us。
So please tell us why do decide to open a cafe。
W：Well, we saw the opportunity to offer something a little special and different from other establishments。
Cafe certainly is a very competitive market sector。
2.There are more than plenty in our city, and we thought they are all rather similar to each other。
Wouldn’t you agree？M: Certainly yes。
So how is your establishment any different？W：Well, since people we have rabbits wandering freely on the place；our customers come in and enjoy their food and drinks, while a little rabbit playing on their legs。
There is no other place like it。
M: That’s amazing。
How do you come up with the idea？W：So we thought why not rabbit？People love the rabbits, they are very cute animals。