2017年中石化第一次分级测试真题(阅读+翻译+写作)名师制作优质教学资料

阅读 篇章1 当前题号：第1-10题，总题数：50题

Line Low wages, chronic unemployment and underemployment lead to low income,

lack of property ownership, absence of savings, absence of food reserves in

the home, and a chronic shortage of cash. These conditions reduce the

possibility of effective participation in the larger economic system. And as

a r e s p o n s e t o t h e s e c o n d i t i o n s w e f i n d i n t h e culture of poverty a high incidence of pawning personal goods, borrowing from local

money-lenders at higher rates of interest, spontaneous informal credit devices organized by neighbors, the use of secondhand clothing and

furniture, and the pattern of frequent buying of small quantities of food

many times a day as the need arises.

People with a culture of poverty produce very little wealth and

receive very little in return. They have a low level of literacy and education,

usually do not belong to labor unions, are not members of political parties,

generally do not participate in the national welfare agencies, and make

very little use of banks, hospitals, department stores, museums or art gal l eri e s. T he y h a ve a c ri t i c al a t t i t u de t o w a rd s om e or

the basic institutions of the dominant classes, hatred of the police,

mistrust of government, and a cynicism that extends even to the church.

This gives the culture of poverty a high potential for protest and for

Being used in political movements aimed against the existing social

order.

People with a culture of poverty are aware of middle-class values,

talk about them and even claim some of them as their own, but on the

whole they do not live by them. Thus it is important to distinguish

betweenwhat they say and what they do. For example, many will tell

you that marriage by law, by the church, or by both is the ideal form of

marriage, but few will marry. To men who have no steady jobs or other

sources of income, who do not own property and have no wealth to pass

on to their children, who are present-time oriented and who want to

avoid the expense and legal difficulties involved in formal marriage and

divorce, free unions or consensual marriages make a lot of sense.

Women will often turn down offers of marriage because they feel it ties

them down to men. Women feel that consensual union gives them a

better break; it gives them some of the freedom and flexibility that men

have. By not giving the fathers of their children legal status as husbands,

the women have a stronger claim on their children if they decide to

leave their men. It also gives women exclusive rights to a house or any

other property they may own.

1. According to the passage, a defining characteristic of poverty is that poor people

__________.

A. are isolated from the mainstream of society

B. lack the skills to find decent jobs

C. are responsible for their own poverty

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10 15

20 25 30 35

D.are constantly in a state of crisis

2.The author of the passage uses the phrase “culture of poverty” (Line 6) to suggest

that __________.

A.there are several classifications of poor people

B.poor people often take pride in their poverty

C.poor people share a common ethnicity

D.poverty has become a prevailing way of life for some people

3.The word “incidence” in Line 6 is closest in meaning to __________.

A.inflation

B.introduction

C.accident

D.occurrence

4.The word “literacy” in Line 12 refers to the ability to __________.

A.go to school

B.read and write

C.understand math

D.receive an education

5.By asserting that the culture of poverty can be used by political movements (Line

19), the author is __________.

A.cautioning against an uprising by the poor

B.showing how poverty may threaten social stability

C.calling upon the middle class to fight against the poor

D.justifying the motives of politicians

6.Which of the following best describes people with a culture of poverty?

A.They work hard but receive little in return

B.They’re cynical to all but the church

C.They usually ignore the national welfare agencies

D.They are economically active

7.According to the last paragraph, consensual union can provide poor women who

refuse to get married legally with all of the following EXCEPT __________.

A.a free church wedding or civil ceremony

B.some of the freedom and flexibility that men have

C. a stronger claim on their children when they want to leave their men

D.rights to a house or any other property

8. A conclusion can be drawn from the last paragraph that men and women in the

culture of poverty __________.

A.consider themselves unworthy of legal marriage

B.prefer not to be in relationship

C.avoid legalized marriages for practical and economic reasons

D.do not trust each other to be faithful husbands and wives

9.In the discussion of poverty, the author is most likely to agree that poverty

__________.

A.is more widespread than most people think

B.cannot be eliminated

C. weakens the fabric of society

D. means more than lack of money

10. The word “it” in Line 37 refers to __________.

A. a better break

B. legal status

C. consensual union

D. illegal marriage

篇章2 当前题号：第11-20题，总题数：50题；

Line Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U.S., about half the urban pollution and one-fourth of the greenhouse gases. They take a

similar toll of resources in other industrial nations and in the cities of the

developing world. As vehicle use continues to increase in the coming

decade, the U.S. and other countries will have to deal with these issues or else face unacceptable economic, health-related and political costs. It

is unlikely that oil prices will remain at their current low level or that

other nations will accept a large and growing U.S. contribution to global

climate change.

Policymakers and industry have four options: reduce vehicle use,

increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions of conventional

gasoline-powered vehicles, switch to less harmful fuels, or find less

polluting driving systems. The last of these — in particular the

introduction of vehicles powered by electricity — is ultimately the only

sustainable option. The other alternatives are attractive in theory but in

practice are either impractical or offer only marginal improvements. For

example, reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of

social and environmental problems, but evidence from around the world

suggests that it is difficult to make people give up their cars to any

significant extent. In the U.S., mass-transit ridership and carpooling

have declined since World War II. Even in Western Europe, with fuel

prices averaging more than ＄1 a liter (about ＄4 a gallon) and with easily

accessible mass transit and dense populations, cars still account for 80

percent of all passenger travel.

Improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive fuel

economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. Alternative fuels

such as natural gas, burned in internal-combustion engines, could be

introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal

reductions in pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (especially

because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every

year to develop less polluting types of gasoline).

11. It can be learned from the passage that the increased use of cars will __________.

A. consume half of the oil produced in the world

B. have serious consequences on the well-being of all nations

C. impose an economic burden on residents of large cities 5 10 15 20 25