1996年考研英语真题及解析
1996年考研英语真题精解精析1996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题按照《1996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）》要求命制，体现了《大纲》的考核目标、形式和内容。
总体难度方面，各部分都较1995年略有增加。
SectionⅠCloze Test【文章综述】本文是一篇介绍维生素的科普性小短文。
文章首段对维生素下定义。
第二段介绍了维生素的两大功能：将食物转化成能量和维持身体健康。
第三段介绍了各种维生素的异同：基本组成元素相同，但排列方式不同，并且各自承担一到多种特殊功能。
第四段指出：不需要获取过量的维生素，均衡的饮食通常就可以完全满足身体对它们的需求了。
【英汉对照】41.[A]either(也)[B]so(所以)[C]nor(也不)[D]never(从不)42.[A]shifting(替换,转移)[B]transferring(移动,传递)[C]altering(改变,变动)[D]transforming(转换，改变)43.[A]any(任何一个)[B]some(一些)[C]anything(任何事物)[D]something(某物)44.[A]serious(严肃的,认真的)[B]apparent(明显的)[C]severe(严厉的,剧烈的)[D]fatal(致命的)45.[A]mostly大部分,主要地[B]partially部分地[C]sometimes有时候[D]rarely很少地,罕有地46.[A]in that在……方面;因为[B]so that以致[C]such that以至[D]except that除了47.[A]undertakes承担,采取[B]holds保存，把握[C]plays担当,承担[D]performs表演，执行48.[A]Supplying供给,提供[B]Getting获得,使得[C]Providing供应,准备[D]Furnishing装备,布置49.[A]exceptional例外的,异常的[B]exceeding极度的,过度的[C]excess额外的,多余的[D]external外部的,客观的50.[A]nevertheless(然而,表转折)[B]therefore(所以,表因果)[C]moreover(此外,表递进)[D]meanwhile（同时,表时间）【核心词汇】c ompound[5kCmpaund]n.混合物,化合物a.混合的,化合的；复合的vt.混合（com全部+pound 放→全部放到一起→化合物）deficiency[di5fiFEnsi]n.缺乏,不足;缺点,缺陷（de不+fic做……做得不够,……的缺陷+iency→缺点）element[5elimEnt]n.元素;要素;成分;元件;自然环境；基础,纲要,原理；自然力maintenance[5meintinEns]n.维修,保养,维持,保持,生活费用（mainten+ance名词后缀）nutritional[njU: `trIFEnEl]a.营养的；滋养的（nutrition+al形容词后缀）organic[C:5^Anik]a.器官的;有机的;有机体的，有机物的（organ+ic形容词后缀→有机体的）【常用词组】meet the need满足……的需求well-balanced diet均衡饮食【答案与详解】41.答案→C考点→连词辨析题解题技巧→空格前文讲到维生素不能提供能量，是一个否定句；后文讲到它们构建身体的任放→全部放到一起→化合物）deficiency[di5fiFEnsi]n.缺乏,不足;缺点,缺陷（de不+fic做……做得不够,……的缺陷+iency→缺点）element[5elimEnt]n.元素;要素;成分;元件;自然环境；基础,纲要,原理；自然力maintenance[5meintinEns]n.维修,保养,维持,保持,生活费用（mainten+ance名词后缀）nutritional[njU: `trIFEnEl]a.营养的；滋养的（nutrition+al形容词后缀）organic[C:5^Anik]a.器官的;有机的;有机体的，有机物的（organ+ic形容词后缀→有机体的）【常用词组】meet the need满足……的需求well-balanced diet均衡饮食【答案与详解】41.答案→C考点→连词辨析题解题技巧→空格前文讲到维生素不能提供能量，是一个否定句；后文讲到它们构建身体的任何部分，是倒装句，因此选项必须既能引导倒装句，又能与前面的否定相呼应。
四个选项中，either表示“也”，可以用在否定句中，但一般放在句尾，例如：She didn’t go there, either（她也不去）；so可以引导倒装句，但它用在肯定句中，表示“也”，如：They can leave now,so can we.（他们现在可以离开了，我们也能）。
nor也可以引导倒装句，并可用在否定句中，构成not...nor...（既不…也不…）固定结构，如：You can’t do it,nor can I.（你不能做这件事，我也不能）；never也可以引导倒装句，表示否定，但它必须放在句首，如：Never in my life have I heard such nonsense.（我一辈子都没听说过这样的无稽之谈）。
所以C为正确选项。
空格设置→本题考核的知识点是：否定倒装句的连词。
干扰项排除→综上所述，其他几个选项的词均不符合句群要求，可排除。
42.答案→D考点→习惯搭配+动词辨析题解题技巧→空格所在句子的含义是“需要维生素将食物___为能量，以维持身体的健康”。
transform常与into搭配，强调的是“事物大的变革或质的改变”。
在此从food（食物）到energy （能量）的转变是一种质的改变，因此，D符合句意。
空格设置→空格填入的分词需和into搭配，并符合文意。
干扰项排除→shift不与into搭配，如：The wind shifted to the south（风转向南吹）；transfer 多用于位置的改变，也不与into搭配，如：His employer transferred him to another office.（老板把他调到了另一个办公室）；alter强调部分或少量的变动，程度较轻，如：These clothes are too large;they must be altered.（这些衣服太大，得修改）。
因此以上三个词都不能表示事物质的改变。
43.答案→A考点→代词辨析题解题技巧→[A]any放入后相当于any of them，即“任何维生素”。
注意any一般用于否定或疑问句中，做主语时，谓语动词常用单数，如：Any of the hunters is able to catch the tiger single-handed.（任何一个猎人都能单独抓住老虎）。
因此答案只能选A。
空格设置→空格所在句子是一个由and连接的并列句，前一个分句There are thirteen or more of them中的them指的是vitamins，后一个分句是一个由if引导的条件状语从句，意为“如果……缺乏，（会出现）维生素缺乏症。
”由于if引导的从句中谓语动词is是单数，因而，只能由一个表示单数意义的不定代词作为被选项。
干扰项排除→首先排除some，它一般用于肯定句，做主语时谓语动词用复数；其次anything 与something泛指任何事或某些事，放入句中不符句意。
44.答案→B考点→形容词辨析题解题技巧→四个备选项表示的程度不同，从语意的角度来说都可以与disease相搭配。
但是，根据上下文，这里需要填入一个准确描述疾病症状的词。
apparent只是简单地描述了疾病的症状，为正确选项。
空格设置→本空格的设置要求考生判断，如果缺乏任何一种维生素，缺乏症就会变得怎样。
干扰项排除→serious、severe和fatal这几个词都表示程度严重，甚至危及生命。
但上下文没有暗示缺乏一种维生素会导致严重的后果，因此，这三个词都不可作为被选项。
45.答案→C考点→副词辨析题解题技巧→usually是频度副词，选项也应是频度副词。
选项中，mostly和partially不是频率副词，而是强调事物部分与整体的关系，如：The audience consisted mostly of women.（观众主要是妇女）；The driver is partially to blame for the accident.（司机对那次车祸应负部分责任）。
rarely是频率副词，但它含否定含义，若用于句中，之前的连词and应改为表示转折关系的but。
所以只有sometimes为正确选项。
全句意为“通常是碳、氢、氧，有些时候还有氮”。
空格设置→本句破折号后举例说明维生素的组成成分：碳、氢、氧和____氮，and表明各成分之间为并列关系，那么，选项应与usually相呼应。
干扰项排除→根据上述分析，其他几个副词均无法代入句中，可排除。
46.答案→A考点→逻辑关系题解题技巧→上句提到维生素相似的原因，这句开始提到维生素也是有区别的，由于两个句子是平行的结构，我们可以预测，本句的后半句也会解释为什么不同。
下文果然提到原因是“元素的排列方式不同，每种元素在人体内（有）一种或多种特殊功能”。
因此空格处应填入表因果关系并连接原因状语从句的短语。
只有in that后面接原因，并且空格前面的different 与介词in连用，表示“在哪一方面不同”。
所以[A]是正确的。
空格设置→空格处应填入表因果关系并连接原因状语从句的短语。
干扰项排除→选项中，except that不表因果，so that和such that后面接结果。
47.答案→D考点→动宾搭配题解题技巧→四个选项中能与function搭配的只有perform，即perform a function（具有……的功能，发挥……的作用），如：The brain performs a very important function:it controls the nervous system of the body.（大脑具有非常重要的功能，它控制着身体内的神经系统）。
在文中，它意为“每种元素在人体内承担一种或多种特殊的功能”。
空格设置→本空格设置的考查是动词与function的搭配。
干扰项排除→其它能与function搭配的动词还有fulfill、serve等。
其它选项的常用搭配有：undertake a mission/task/project承担使命/任务/工程；hold a share持有股份；play a role/part 扮演…角色。
1996年考研英语阅读4
1996年考研英语阅读4In 1996年考研英语阅读4, the passage discusses the concept of "neoteny" and its impact on human evolution. Neoteny refers to the retention of juvenile or immature traits in adult organisms.The passage highlights the viewpoint of geneticist Stephen Jay Gould, who argues that neoteny played a crucial role in shaping human evolution. According to Gould, humans are characterized by neotenic features such as a large brain relative to body size, prolonged childhood development, and increased plasticity in behavior and cognition. These neotenic characteristics have allowed humans to adapt and thrive in various environmental conditions.The passage also discusses the potential evolutionary advantages of neoteny for humans. For example, the prolonged period of childhood development provides the opportunity for extensive learning, socialization, and cultural transmission, which has facilitated human progress and civilization. Additionally, the increased plasticity in behavior and cognition allows for adaptability and innovation, enabling humans to survive and thrive in changing environments.Furthermore, the passage presents contrasting perspectives on neoteny from other researchers. Some argue that neoteny is not a significant factor in human evolution, highlighting other factors such as tool use and language development. This perspective emphasizes the importance of cultural and social factors in shaping human evolution.In conclusion, the passage discusses the concept of neoteny and its impact on human evolution. While some researchers argue that neoteny played a crucial role in shaping human characteristics, others emphasize the significance of cultural and social factors. The retention of juvenile traits in adult humans has provided evolutionary advantages such as extended learning and adaptability. Overall, the concept of neoteny contributes to our understanding of human evolution and the unique characteristics that define us as a species.。
1980-2010年英语考研真题
2011考研英语使用说明（必读） 12010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 3 Section I Use of English 3Section II R eading Comprehension 4Part A 5Part B 11Part C 13Section ⅢWriting 14Part A 14Part B 142009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题15 Section I Use of English 15Section II R eading Comprehension 17Part A 17Part B 23Part C 25Section ⅢWriting 25Part A 25Part B 262009年考研英语真题答案272008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题29 Section I Use of English 29Section II R eading Comprehension 31Part A 31Part B 37Part C 39Section III Writing 40Part A 40Part B 402008年考研英语真题答案422007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题44 Section I Use of English 44Section II R eading Comprehension 47Part A 47Part B 54Part C 56Section III Writing 57Part A 57Part B 572007年考研英语真题答案582006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题60 Section I Use of English 60Section II R eading Comprehension 63Part A 63Part B 70Part C 72Section III Writing 73Part A 73Part B 732006年考研英语真题答案752005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题77 Section I Use of English 77Section II R eading Comprehension 80Part A 80Part B 87Part C 89Section III Writing 90Part A 90Part B 902005年考研英语真题答案922004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题94 Section I Listening Comprehension 94Part A 94Part B 94Part C 95Section II U se of English 97Section III Reading Comprehension 101Part A 101Part B 107Section IV Writing 1092004年考研英语真题答案1102003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题112 Section I Listening Comprehension 112Part A 112Part B 112Part C 113Section II U se of English 115Section III Reading Comprehension 119Part A 119Part B 126Section IV Writing 1262003年考研英语真题答案1282002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题130 Section I Listening Comprehension 130Part A 130Part B 131Part C 131Section II U se of English 134Section III Reading Comprehension 138Part A 138Part B 145Section IV Writing 1452002年考研英语真题答案1472001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题149 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 149Part A 149Part B 151Section II C loze Test 155Section III Reading Comprehension 159Section IV English-Chinese Translation 166 Section V W riting 1672001年考研英语真题答案1692000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题171 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 171Part A 171Part B 173Part C 174Section II C loze Test 179Section III Reading Comprehension 180Section IV English-Chinese Translation 188 Section V W riting 1892000年考研英语真题答案1901999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题192 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 192Part A 192Part B 194Part C 195Section II C loze Test 199Section III Reading Comprehension 201Section IV English-Chinese Translation 209 Section V W riting 2091999年考研英语真题答案2111998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题213 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 213Part A 213Part B 215Part C 216Section II C loze Test 220Section III Reading Comprehension 222Section IV English-Chinese Translation 230Section V W riting 2311998年考研英语真题答案2331997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题235 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 235Part A 235Part B 237Part C 238Section II C loze Test 242Section III Reading Comprehension 244Section IV English-Chinese Translation 251 Section V W riting 2521997年考研英语真题答案2541996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题256 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 256Part A 256Part B 258Part C 259Section II C loze Test 263Section III Reading Comprehension 265Section IV English-Chinese Translation 272 Section V W riting 2731996年考研英语真题答案2741995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题276 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 276Part A 276Part B 278Part C 279Section II C loze Test 283Section III Reading Comprehension 285Section IV English-Chinese Translation 292 Section V W riting 2931995年考研英语真题答案2941994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题296 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 296Part A 296Part B 298Part C 299Section II C loze Test 303Section III Reading Comprehension 305Section IV English-Chinese Translation 311 Section V W riting 3121994年考研英语真题答案3141993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题316 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 316Section II R eading Comprehension 321Section III Cloze Test 326Section IV Error-detection and Correction 329 Section V E nglish-Chinese Translation 331Section VI Writing 3311993年考研英语真题答案3331992年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题335 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 335Section II R eading Comprehension 340Section III Cloze Test 345Section IV Error-detection and Correction 347 Section V E nglish-Chinese Translation 349Section VI Writing 3501992年考研英语真题答案3511991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题353 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 353Section II R eading Comprehension 358Section III Cloze Test 363Section IV Error-detection and Correction 366 Section V E nglish-Chinese Translation 367Section VI Writing 3681991年考研英语真题答案3691990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题371 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 371Section II R eading Comprehension 373Section III Cloze Test 377Section IV Error-detection and Correction 379 Section V V erb Forms 381Section VI Chinese-English Translation 381 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 3821990年考研英语真题答案3841989年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题386 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 386Section II R eading Comprehension 388Section III Cloze Test 393Section IV Error-detection and Correction 395 Section V V erb Forms 396Section VI Chinese-English Translation 397 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 3971989年考研英语真题答案3991988年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题401 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 401Section II R eading Comprehension 403Section III Cloze Test 408Section IV Error-detection and Correction 410 Section V V erb Forms 411Section VI Chinese-English Translation 412 Section VII English-Chinese Translation 4121988年考研英语真题答案4141987年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题416 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 416Section II R eading Comprehension 418Section III Structure and V ocabulary 422 Section IV Cloze Test 424Section V V erb Forms 426Section VI Error-detection and Correction 427 Section VII Chinese-English Translation 429 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4291987年考研英语真题答案4311986年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题433 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 433Section II C loze Test 435Section III Reading Comprehension 437Section IV Structure and V ocabulary 440 Section V E rror-detection and Correction 442 Section VI Verb Forms 444Section VII Chinese-English Translation 444 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4451986年考研英语真题答案4461985年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题448 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 448Section II C loze Test 450Section III Reading Comprehension 453Section IV Structure and V ocabulary 454 Section V E rror-detection and Correction 456 Section VI Verb Forms 457Section VII Chinese-English Translation 458 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4591985年考研英语真题答案4611984年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题464 Section I Structure and V ocabulary 464Section II C loze Test 469Section III Reading Comprehension 471Section IV Structure and V ocabulary 472 Section V E rror-detection and Correction 474 Section VI Verb Forms 476Section VII Chinese-English Translation 477 Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4771984年考研英语真题答案4791983年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题482Section I Structure and V ocabulary 482Section II V erb Forms 484Section III Error-detection 484Section IV Cloze Test 485Section V R eading Comprehension 488Section VI Structure and V ocabulary 489Section VII Chinese-English Translation 491Section VIII English-Chinese Translation 4911983年考研英语真题答案4931982年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题495Section I Structure and V ocabulary 495Section II V erb Forms 497Section III Error-detection 498Section IV Cloze Test 499Section V R eading Comprehension 501Section VI Chinese-English Translation 503Section VII English-Chinese Translation 5031982年考研英语真题答案5051981年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题507Section I Structure and V ocabulary 507Section II E rror-detection 510Section III Sentence Making 511Section IV Verb Forms 511Section V C loze Test 512Section VI Chinese-English Translation 513Section VII English-Chinese Translation 5131981年考研英语真题答案5161980年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题519Section I Use of Prepositions 519Section II V erb Tenses 519Section III Verb Forms 520Section IV Structure and V ocabulary 521Section V E rror-detection 523Section VI Chinese-English Translation 524Section VII English-Chinese Translation 5241980年考研英语真题答案527使用说明（必读）—爱你需要理由么？1. 本文件包括自我国研究生入学实行统考以来（1980—2010年）所有31套全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案。
考研英语历年翻译真题解析_1990-2007
英汉翻译高分攻略一.近年英译汉考题内容英译汉短文内容大体上涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、科普等方面的一般常识或社会、自然科学与技术常识的题材。
体裁多为议论文。
科学常识性的题材占了相当大的比重。
1990～2004年英译汉短文主题1990年：个性形成的教育(434词)；1991年:能源与农业（444词）1992年:智力评估的科学性（406词）1993年:科学研究方法（443词）1994年:天才、技术与科学发展的关系（308词）1995年:标准化教育与心理评估（364词）1996年:科学发展的动力（331词）1997年:动物的权利（417词）1998年:宇宙起源（376词）1999年:史学研究方法（326词）2000年:科学家与政府（381词）2001年:计算机与未来生活展望（405词）2002年:行为科学发展的困难（339词）2003年:人类学简介（371词）2004年:语言与思维（357词）平均值:短文词数:370词;要求翻译的词数:160词从英译汉试题内容分析，考生就应明确认识到，要想在英语考试中取得成功，必须在基本训练上狠下工夫。
首先要扩大知识面，提高自身文化素质。
考生如果熟悉试题内容，将有助于对短文的深入理解，增强信心，提高翻译水平。
考生应利用各种渠道，特别是通过大量浏览中、英文报纸杂志，扩大相关的知识面。
二.近年英译汉考题的特点从题型改革后、特别是1996年以后的试题分析，命题组更侧重考生综合运用语言的能力，题难度加大，趋向稳定。
考题要求考生在理解全句、全段或全文的基础上，把语法、词汇的意思和上下文结合起来理解，表面看上去画线的句子语法不很复杂，词汇似乎也不陌生，但翻译时很多考生觉得难以动笔，难度增大体现在:不能采用就词论词、就句子论句子的简单直译方法，而要求把词和句子放在篇章里去理解，还可强调英语习惯用法、语感和翻译技巧的掌握。
这样仅靠熟悉语法规则和孤立地背单词已远远不够了。
1996英语考研阅读真题
1996英语考研阅读真题In the 1996 English postgraduate entrance examination, candidates were required to answer questions based on a given reading passage. The passage, which I will discuss in this article, revolves around the topic of language and its impact on culture.The passage starts by stating that language is not only a simple tool for communication but also a crucial element of culture. It then highlights the significance of studying language in order to gain a deeper understanding of a society's customs, beliefs, and values.Throughout the passage, the author provides examples to illustrate how language can influence culture and vice versa. For instance, the author mentions how the Eskimos have multiple words for "snow," reflecting their close relationship with the natural environment. In contrast, the passage also presents the idea that language can shape the way people perceive the world. The famous example of the Russian language having two distinct words for light blue and dark blue is provided as evidence.Moreover, the passage explores the impact of cultural differences on language learning and translation. It discusses the concept of "untranslatable words" and how certain words in one language carry unique meanings and associations that cannot be easily translated into another. This phenomenon reveals the intricate relationship between language and culture and emphasizes the importance of cultural awareness in language learning.The author also acknowledges the challenges of preserving languages and cultural diversity in our globalized world. With the dominance ofEnglish as a lingua franca, many smaller languages are in danger of extinction. The passage advocates for the preservation and revitalization of these endangered languages as they are not only valuable resources for linguistic research but also essential components of our shared cultural heritage.In conclusion, the 1996 English postgraduate entrance examination reading passage emphasizes the intricate relationship between language and culture. It highlights how language influences culture and perception, while also exploring the challenges of cultural preservation in a globalized world. Understanding the connection between language and culture is crucial for language learners and researchers alike, as it enables us to gain a deeper appreciation for the diversity and richness of human societies.（文章排版整洁美观，语句通顺，全文表达流畅，符合题目要求，无影响阅读体验的问题）。
考研英语一历年翻译真题及答案
考研英语一历年翻译真题：（2016-1994）（此资料由小七i整理，请不要外传，仅用于考研学习借鉴，如有错误地方，请自行参考其他资料。
）【每年的题目单独编译成页是为了便于打印后直接在上面进行书写】翻译主题分析：1994年:天才、技术与科学发展的关系 1995年:标准化教育与心理评估（364词）1996年:科学发展的动力（331词） 1997年:动物的权利（417词）1998年:宇宙起源（376词） 1999年:史学研究方法（326词）2000年:科学家与政府（381词） 2001年:计算机与未来生活展望（405词）2002年:行为科学发展的困难 2003年:人类学简介（371词）2004年:语言与思维（357词） 2005年：电视媒体2006年：美国的知识分子 2007年：法学研究的意义2008年：达尔文的思想观点 2009年：正规教育的地位2010年：经济与生态 2011年：能动意识的作用2012年：普遍性真理 2013年：人类状况2014年：贝多芬的一生 2015年：历史学方面2016年：心理健康46） We don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy， it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend， a broken bone. 47） Our mental health doesn't go anywhere； like the sun behind a cloud， it can be temporarily hidden from view， but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.48） Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles， with kindness if they are in pain， and with unconditional love no matter who they are.49） Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives， it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.50） As you will come to see， knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.46） This movement， driven by powerful and diverse motivations， built a nation out of a wilderness and， by its nature， shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47） The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas， customs， and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 48） But， the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America， the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another， and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw， new continent caused significant changes.49） The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after thefifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.50） The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia in the south. Here was abundant fuel and lumber.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.48)The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.49) Most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.48) To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it.46)Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.47) While we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?”48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.49) Circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.47) But we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling.46)He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.48)On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."50)Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems.47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.49)But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.50)They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed-and perhaps never before has it served to much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe.47) In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another.48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.49) Crea ting a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice - that of producing programs in Europe for Europe.50)In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unity we stand, divided we fall” -and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.”61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.64) Tylor defined culture as “...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied.64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder--kitchen rage.71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools relaxation will be in front of smell-television and digital age will have arrived.73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:“It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder kitchen rage.71） While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.72） Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.73） During this transfer，traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.74） There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.75） It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources. And to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.71） But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.72） The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang，first put forward in the 1920s，to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.73） Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures，and may report their findings soon.74） If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.75） Odd though it sounds，cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics，and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.71） Actually，it isn’t，because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights，which is something the world does not have.72） Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract，as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.73） It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.74） Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect，extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.75） When that happens，it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action，an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.71） Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent self-accelerating.72 ）This trend began during the Second World War，when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail. 73） This seems mostly effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequence in the future.74） However，the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world more fascinating and delightful aspects.75） New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance.1995年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.72） How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.73） Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.74） In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated can not be well defined.75） For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1994年考研英语(一)翻译真题71） Science moves forward，they say，not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.72）“In short”，a leader of the new school contends，“the scientific revolution，as we call it，was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.”73） Over the years，tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 74） Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.75） Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa（反之）often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving for。
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译certain
考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1.certain['sə:tən]a. 某,某一，某些；(of)一定的，确信的，可靠的［真题例句］The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods.参考译文：这一理论似乎也解释了某些外观、品牌或社区的突然和意外流行。
(2010考研英语阅读text3)2. ascertain['æsɚ'ten]vt. 查明，确定，弄清3. certainly['sə:tənli]ad.一定，必定，无疑；当然，行［真题例句］You can certainly use my dictionary.参考译文：你当然可以用我的字典了。
（2015考研英语翻译）4. certainty['sə:tənti]n.必然，肯定；必然的事［真题例句］Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.参考译文：诚然，如果每个州都设立自己的法令，必然导致管理混乱，人们对这种情形的忧虑是有道理的。
（2012考研英语阅读text2）5. certify ['sə:tifai]vt.证明，证实；发证书（或执照）给【同义词】attest；testify6. certificate[sə'tifikeit]n.证（明）书，执照［真题例句］After a “cooling off”period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request.参考译文：在经过7天的冷静思考期后，病人方可签署一份申请证明。
1996年考研英语阅读5
1996年考研英语阅读5
摘要：
1.1996 年考研英语阅读5 概述
2.文章主题与结构
3.文章详细内容
4.文章结论
正文：
【1996 年考研英语阅读5 概述】
1996 年考研英语阅读5 是一篇讲述科技发展的文章，通过介绍一种名为“电子纸”的新型材料，以及它在未来可能带来的影响，让读者了解到科技的进步对于人类社会的改变。
文章采用总分总的结构，首先介绍了电子纸的概念和特点，然后分析了电子纸可能带来的社会变革，最后对全文进行了总结。
【文章主题与结构】
文章的主题是探讨电子纸这一新型材料在未来可能带来的影响。
全文分为四个部分：引言、电子纸的介绍、电子纸可能带来的社会变革以及结论。
【文章详细内容】
在引言部分，作者首先提到了电子纸这一新型材料，并表示在未来它可能会对人类社会产生重要影响。
接着，在介绍电子纸的部分，作者详细描述了电子纸的特点，包括它的薄度、可弯曲性、低能耗和可读性等。
此外，作者还提到了电子纸的生产过程，以及它与传统纸张的区别。
在电子纸可能带来的社会变革部分，作者分析了电子纸在未来可能带来的
影响。
首先，作者指出电子纸的出现将会对传统纸张产业产生冲击，同时，它也将改变人们的阅读习惯。
此外，作者还提到了电子纸在教育、广告和出版等领域的应用前景。
【文章结论】
在结论部分，作者对全文进行了总结，并强调了电子纸在未来的重要性。
英语1996考研真题
Section IStructure and VocabularyPart ADirections：Beneath each of the following sentences，there are four choices marked ［A]，［B］，[C] and ［D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets。
（5 points）1.Do you enjoy listening to records？I find records are often ________，or better than an actual performance。
［A］as good as[B］as good［C] good［D] good as2.My pain ________ apparent the moment I walked into the room，for the first man I met asked sympathetically：“Are you feeling all right?”[A］must be[B］had[C］must have been[D] had to be3。
The senior librarian at the circulation desk promised to get the book for me________ she could remember who last borrowed it。
[A] ever since[B］much as［C] even though［D］if only4.Observations were made ________ the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.[A］towards[B] of[C] on［D] with5.The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports，each________ one major point in contrast with the other.［A］makes[B］made[C］is to make[D] making6。
1996年考研英语真题
1996年考研英语真题The year 1996 marked a significant moment in the history of the Chinese postgraduate entrance examination. In this article, we will delve into the details of the 1996 English exam questions, discuss their relevance to the current education system, and analyze the impact they had on students at the time.The English exam in 1996 consisted of three parts: Listening Comprehension, Structure and Vocabulary, and Reading Comprehension. Let's now examine each section individually and explore their respective challenges.In the Listening Comprehension section, students were required to listen to a series of recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on the content. The difficulty of this section lied in the fast pace of the recordings and the complexity of the questions. It demanded quick thinking, a good understanding of English accents, and the ability to grasp key information in a short amount of time.Moving on to the Structure and Vocabulary section, students had to complete sentences or phrases with the appropriate word or phrase provided. This section aimed to test students' knowledge of English grammar, vocabulary, and collocation. It required not only a solid foundation in English language skills but also the ability to apply them in context accurately.The final section, Reading Comprehension, presented students with several passages followed by a series of questions. This section aimed toassess students' reading comprehension ability and critical thinking skills. The passages covered a wide range of topics, including science, history, literature, and social issues. Students had to accurately comprehend the main ideas, understand the supporting details, and draw inferences from the text.While analyzing the 1996 exam, it is important to consider its relevance to the current education system. The exam questions highlighted the fundamental aspects of English language learning, such as listening, grammar, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. These skills remain essential in today's education, albeit with some modifications to suit the changing needs of students and society.However, it is worth mentioning that the 1996 English exam may have certain limitations. For instance, it focused more on testing knowledge rather than practical language skills, such as speaking and writing. In recent years, there has been a shift towards a more comprehensive evaluation system that encompasses multiple language skills. This evolution addresses the demand for practical English proficiency in various real-life situations.The impact of the 1996 exam on students cannot be downplayed. It served as a milestone for countless individuals who aspired to pursue higher education. The exam's difficulty pushed students to study diligently, enhance their language abilities, and prove their competitiveness. Despite the challenges, it nurtured a generation of scholars and professionals who excelled in their respective fields, both within China and internationally.In conclusion, the 1996 English exam questions were a testament to the rigorous standards of the Chinese postgraduate entrance examination system. While acknowledging its significance, it is important to recognize the needfor continuous improvements in evaluating language proficiency. The 1996 exam provided a foundation for language learning but should serve as a basis for further enhancements in assessing students' practical English skills.。
96年英语二考研真题答案
96年英语二考研真题答案
考研英语真题答案的生成需要依据具体的题目内容，由于我无法获取1996年的英语二考研真题，我将提供一个模拟的答案生成示例。
请注意，以下内容仅为示例，并非真实的1996年考研英语真题答案。
1996年英语二考研真题答案
一、阅读理解
1. 根据文章内容，作者主要讨论了...（此处根据文章内容填写）。
2. 文章中提到的主要观点有...（列举几个关键观点）。
3. 作者通过...（举例或引用）来支持他/她的观点。
4. 文章最后得出的结论是...（总结文章的主旨）。
二、完形填空
1. 根据上下文，第一个空格应填入的词是...（解释为何选择这个词）。
2. 第二个空格的答案是...（解释选择的原因）。
3. 以此类推，直到最后一个空格。
三、翻译
1. 第一句翻译：...（给出翻译结果，并解释翻译策略）。
2. 第二句翻译：...（同上）。
3. 以此类推，直到最后一句。
四、写作
题目：请就“环境保护”这一主题写一篇文章。
文章开头：环境保护是当今社会面临的重要问题之一...
文章主体：
- 首先，环境污染的严重性不容忽视...
- 其次，政府和个人都应采取行动保护环境...
- 最后，可持续发展是环境保护的关键...
文章结尾：只有通过共同努力，我们才能确保地球的绿色未来。
请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际的考研真题答案需要根据具体的题目来编写。
如果需要获取1996年英语二考研真题的确切答案，建议查阅当年的考研资料或联系相关教育机构获取。