五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题12 文学与艺术- Word版含解析

专题12 文学与艺术“文学与艺术”是高中新课标24话题之一。

该话题主要包括各种文学类型、艺术形式、文化名人以及艺术家等方面。

“文学与艺术”这个话题与我们的实际生活密切相关，对于学生了解国内外的文学与艺术形式，还有它们的特点、历史、发展与创新等都有帮助。

该话题能够引导学生接受和尊重不同国家和民族的文学及艺术，并亲身感受文学与艺术的魅力。

“文学与艺术”话题是近几年的高考英语必考话题之一，而且常以阅读理解、完形填空、七选五以及书面表达的形式来考查，例如2018年浙江卷阅读理解A篇，2017年浙江阅读理解A篇，2016年全国卷III 阅读理解B篇；2015年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇；2015年重庆卷阅读理解E篇；2014年新课标全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇；2012年天津卷书面表达；2011年山东卷完形填空等。

Passage 1（2018年·浙江卷）In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatn ess is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to understand.B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响。

在他200年诞辰之际，让我们永远记住这位对文学艺术做出重大贡献的小说家。

22.D 【解析】推理判断题。

根据第二段Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.和列举的Charles Dickens小说的影响可知，把他和Mona Lisa相比是为了说明Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要性和Mona Lisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的，故选D。

23.A 【解析】写作意图题。

根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于Charles Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。

故选A。

Passage 2（2018年·新课标III卷）Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cat’s lot was about to impro ve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings（版画） by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said,＂Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.＂While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.21. What is the text mainly about?A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.B. Williams’ influence on Be njamin.C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.22. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A. The cat would be closely watched.B. The cat would get some medical care.C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.23. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.B. He provided him with painting materials.C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D. He taught him how to make engravings.24. Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to ________.A. master the use of paintsB. appreciate landscape paintingsC. get to know other paintersD. make up his mind to be a painter【文章大意】本文属于记叙文，主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。

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五年高考(2014-2018年)英语满分作文解析及写作素材积累话题03 人际关系

话题03 人际关系人际关系指人与人之间的交往与友谊，与家人、朋友、邻居、亲戚或他人之间的情感交流或沟通，如师生关系、父子关系、同学之间的友情等；对他人的感谢、感恩、宽容、道歉、赞扬、微笑等，请求他人同意和帮助、解决问题、处理矛盾冲突、和解，等等.针对个人感情话题，高考命题人可能会要求考生叙述发生在身边的一件事，并表达自己的情感；描述考生在学校所参加的一次活动，并谈谈自己的体会.人际关系方面，高考命题人可能会选择上述“课标解读”中的某一个话题，如宽容、赞扬等，要求考生通过自己或他人的一次经历来发表看法.以下几个具体话题值得关注：(1)有的同学抱怨父母的期望高、作业多、压力太大，或对生活中的其他方面感到不满，请写一篇短文，准备在“我们应该抱怨生活吗”的主题班会上发表你的看法.(2)假如你是李华，一年前你随父母迁移到某地并进入一所当地高中就读，由于不懂当地的话，学习、生活很不顺心，请你向某中学英文报写一封求助信.(3)写一篇短文，参加“增进父母与孩子之间的理解，构建和谐家庭”的演讲比赛.(4)就“如何构建和谐班集体”谈谈你的看法.(5)描写你和你的同学是怎样建立起友好关系的.（6）与中国礼仪有关的相关话题.一、话题常用单词1. acquaintance熟人2.admiration敬佩3. candidate候选人4. communicate交流5. face to face面对面6. contact联系7. relationship关系8. interact互动9.privacy隐私10.mutual相互的二、话题常用短语1. learn from each other 互相学习2. promote the friendship 增进友谊3. improve the relationship改善关系4. show love and concern for sb. 爱护和关心某人5. with the booming of the economy随着经济的繁荣6. with the remarkable improvement of people's living standard随着人民生活水平的显著提高7. advanced science and technology 先进的科学技术8. add much spice / flavor to our daily life为我们的日常生活增添了情趣9. It is commonly believed that …人们普遍认为10. I give my vote to the former / latter opinion.我同意前者(后者)的观点11. exchange ideas/emotions/information交流思想/情感/信息12. Undoubtedly/There is no doubt that毫无疑问13. relieve stress/burden解压减负14. financial burden经济负担15. widen one's horizen/broaden one's vision开阔眼界16. It is undeniable that./There is no denying that. 不可否认17. take effective measures to do sth./something effective must be done to. 采取措施18. make full use of/take advantage of充分利用19. do good to/be beneficial to大有裨益20. lead to/give rise to/contribute to导致、引起21. do harm to/be harmful to对…..有害22. make contributions to society奉献社会三、参考语句话题常用句型1. Good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.善于倾听使我们彼此走得更近.2. A good relationship between teachers and students is of great importance for our studies. 良好的师生关系对我们的学习很重要.3. To build a good relationship, we should trust in each other. 要建立良好的关系，我们应该彼此信任.4. Only in this way can we enjoy an equal relationship. 只有这样我们才能享有平等的关系.5. They find it easy to communicate with their teachers.他们发觉很容易和老师沟通.6. With their help, I tried my best to study hard and succeeded in entering a key university. 在他们的帮助下，我努力学习，成功地被一所重点大学录取.7. We should value this harmonious relationship between teachers and students.我们应该珍惜师生之间这种和谐的关系.8. With the encouragement and support of my father, I have overcome many difficulties in our life. 在父亲的鼓励和支持下，我克服了生活中的许多困难.9. There’ll be a football game in our school this week.本周我们学校有一场足球比赛.10. Think twice before you do. 三思而后行.11. Great hopes make great man.伟大的抱负造就伟大的人.12. Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算.13. Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. 当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈.14. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境.15. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的.16. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.人们普遍认为现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步.17. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历.【典例01】（2018·新课标卷I）假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗.请你回复邮件，内容包括：1．到达时间；2．合适的礼物；3．餐桌礼仪.注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【思路点拨】本文是一篇电子邮件类应用文写作.餐桌礼仪也是考生比较熟悉的话题.成文时注意以下几点：一、内容要点要齐全1．到达时间；2．合适的礼物；3．餐桌礼仪.二、时态：主要用一般现在时和将来时；三、人称：第二、三人称.四、注意使用恰当的高级词汇、短语或句型，以提高作文的水平；五、适当使用一些连接词和插入语，使文章表达自然、流畅.1. 浏览信息要点2.三个任务点，第一段内容：问候对方，马上呈现对方所涉及的话题，拜访中国家庭，做客时间的要求和忌讳! 第二段内容：做客拜访的合适礼物，可以适当延展，初次拜访，亲密朋友之间拜访，二次拜访，家庭情况适合的礼物，通用的礼物等.第三段：table manners,可以描述两三个通常的中国人的餐桌礼节和忌讳的地方，有鲜明特色之处，最后一句表达祝愿.3.时态，给对方的建议和说明，用一般现在时，描述风俗礼仪这是客观规律性的东西，用一般现在时.4.头脑风暴短语、句型结构，开始打草稿5.行文6.检查拼写和语法.【满分范文】Dear Terry,How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to put forward some advice.If you have any other problems, please don’t hesita te to contact me.YoursLi Hua 【素材积累】做客礼仪：1. 预先约定一个时间以便对方事先作好安排.如果事先已经约定好了时间，就应遵守约定，准时到达，如需提早十分钟二十分钟之内可以接受，不要迟到，以免主人等候，也不要太早到，以免主人未作好准备.这是一个基本礼节问题.2.如果有专属地域文化特色的礼物是最好的.如果朋友家有长辈，带点烟酒和茶叶或一些老人家用的保健品等；如果朋友家有小孩，带点儿童玩具或买箱牛奶，然后加点烟酒或茶叶；不要送钟、梨、伞等这些东西，被认为不吉祥.3.主人会请客人入座上席，再请长辈入座客人旁.入座的时侯要从椅子的左边进入.在中餐结束时，筷子应整齐地放在靠碗右边的桌上，并应等客人们都放下筷子以后，主人示意离席后方可以离开，不能自己吃完了放下筷子就走，这样做是很没礼貌的表现.【典例02】（2016新课标I卷）假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（ resume ）.给外教MS Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format）.注意：1. 词数 100 左右;2. 可以适当增加细节，已使行文连贯.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【写作指导】这是一篇书信类作文，要求给外教 MS Jenkins 写信，请她帮修改申请书和个人简历的文字和格式.考生成文时应注意：1. 要点要齐全：（1）说明目的；（2）请求帮忙；（3）表示感谢.2. 时态：以一般现在时为主；3. 人称：第一人称为主；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅.5. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次.【范文赏析】Dear Ms Jenkins,Yours,Li Hua【典例03】（2016新课标Ⅲ卷）假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约.请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.表示歉意；2.说明原因；3.另约时间.注意：1.词数 100 左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【写作指导】这是一篇书信类作文，要求给留学生朋友Bob写信，告知展览情况和不能去的原因.考生成文时应注意：1. 要点要齐全：（1）表示歉意；（2）说明原因；（3）另约时间.2. 时态：以一般将来时为主；3. 人称：第一人称为主；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅.5. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次.【范文赏析】Dear Bob,Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua【典例04】（2016天津卷）假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津.一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动.现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞.请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿.1．回顾双方的交流活动（如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面）；2．谈谈收获或感想；3．表达祝愿与期望.注意： 1．词数不少于 100；2．可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数.Dear friends,____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you.【写作指导】这是一篇提纲类作文，要求写一篇发言稿.考生成文时应注意：1. 要点要齐全：（1）回顾双方的交流活动（如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面）；（2）谈谈收获或感想；（3）表达祝愿与期望. 2. 时态：以现在完成时为主；3. 人称：第一人称为主；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅.5. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次.【范文赏析】Dear friends,At last, on behalf of all the students in our school, I wish you have a safe and happy journey home and that there will be more programs like this in the future.Thank you.（1）假定你是李华，亚洲冬季运动会将在你居住的地方举办，现在正在招募志愿者，你希望成为其中一员.请按要求用英文给组委会写一封申请信，内容应包括：1. 个人情况：年龄、性别、学历；2. 个人条件：英语好、爱好体育、善于交往、乐于助人、熟悉本地情况；3. 承诺：提供最佳服务.注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头语已为你写好；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；参考词汇：申请 apply（v.）,application (n.)；志愿者 volunteerDear Sir /Madam,My name is Li Hua. I would like to work as a volunteer for the Winter Asian Games.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________（2）假如你是某英文杂志负责“与读者对话”栏目的编辑.请根据下面这封读者来信写一封回信，帮助解决读者来信中提出的问题.注意：1. 词数120左右；2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总数；3. 可根据要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯.Dear Editor,I am going to take the college entrance examination soon. I have to work harder and harder to prepare for it so that I could enter a good college. However, it’s hard for me to understand what my teachers say in class. Though I tell myself again and again I should hold on, I have little confidence in myself. What should I do now?Best wishes,Li Hua Dear Li Hua,Thank you for your letter.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes.Editor 【范文】Dear Li Hua,Thank you for your letter. As for the entrance exams, you have come too far and worked too hard to quit now. There are only a few months left until the exams so you can make a final push to get the best result you can. I have some tips for you and I hope they are helpful.Above all, building up confidence is essential to success. Only when you believe in yourself, can you keep up your spirits and be successful.Now, take some time to be with your family and enjoy yourself for Spring Festival, then get to work.Best wishes,Editor 【写作指导】本文对考生的要求较高，要求考生首先读懂原文，再根据文字提示写作.原文是一位高三的学生学习上遇见困难在寻求帮助.回信的要点都隐含在信中，再读懂文章的基础上，要考生自己归纳出来，再一一进行解决，考生需要使用合适的连接词把这些要点连接成文，如to begin with首先；besides而且；what’s more 等.也要注意运用适当的高级句型如定语从句，强调句等让文章不显得那么平淡，而有文采.在词汇的运用上也要注意，使用相对高级的词汇提升文章的档次.【亮点说明】所给范文语言简洁，运用了一些词组：make the most out of充分利用， have a good knowledge of 很好了解，Above all最重要的是, building up增强，范文中的句式多变，运用不同的语法知识：The first thing you should do is to make a good study plan. 这句话用了定语从句和不定式，If you follow the plan and concentrate on what you’re doing, it helps you study effectively. 这句话用了宾语从句， Do review what is done wrong and learn lessons from mistakes.这句话用个强调句， Only假如你是新华中学的学生李华，上周在外教Mr. Jackson的口语课上使用手机被老师发现,手机被收走.请用英语给Mr. Jackson写一封道歉信，内容应包括以下要点:1.表示歉意；2.解释上课使用手机的原因；3.提出自己的请求并适当表态.注意：1. 词数：120左右；2. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数.3. 可适当添加细节以使行文连贯.Dear Mr. Jackson,I am really sorry about my using the mobile phone in your class last week.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes!Yours sincerely,Li Hua（4）假定你是李华，刚刚以优异成绩从美国某大学毕业.你的美国朋友Tony邀请你去他的公司工作，但是你想回国工作.请给Tony写一封邮件婉拒他的邀请.内容要点包括：1.报效祖国；2.照顾父母；3.发展空间大.注意：1.词数100左右;2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数.Dear TonyThanks for offering me a job in your company, but I have decided to go back to work in China.________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________Yours truly,Li Hua 【范文】Dear Tony,Thanks for offering me a job in your company, but I have decided to go back to work in China. The reasons are as follows.I would appreciate it if you can understand my choice. Wish you a splendid future.Yours truly,Li Hua 【写作指导】本文要求用英文给Tony写一封邮件婉拒他邀请你去他的公司工作.要点包括：1）报效祖国； 2）照顾父母； 3）发展空间大.学生写作的时候重点是将要点全覆盖，不要遗漏了任何一个要点.同时注意遣词造句，用自己最熟悉的单词、句型来表达自己的意思.在写作过程中还要注意使用起承转合的连词和高级词汇，这样作文就能得到比较高的分数.【素材积累】此文语言流畅，言简意赅，要点齐全.关联词语运用得恰到好处，使整个语篇衔接紧密,逻辑清楚.而短文中较多高级词语和句式的使用也提升了文章的得分档次.关联词语：Firstly, Secondly, besides, lastly等.亮点词汇：as follows, devote, take good care of, offers more opportunities, familiar environment 等.（5）假定你是李华，你的外教Mr. Pick回国前向你推荐了American School Life网站，希望你借此提高英语水平.请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他你的收获，要点如下：1.表达思念；2.上网收获；3.表示感激.注意：1. 词数100词左右；2.可适当发挥，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数.Dear Mr. Pick,____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua。

五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题08 健康饮食类- Word版含解析

专题08健康饮食类＂饮食与健康＂是高中英语新课标话题当中非常重要的两个话题，饮食与健康自古以来都是人们所关心的重大问题，尤其是随着社会进步和人们物质生活水平的提高，食物质量和安全问题以及身体健康更是受到了人们空前的关注，因此顺应时代潮流，高考英语对这两个话题更是有所体现。

由于饮食与健康是热点话题，高考英语中对这两个话题会涉及较多的考查内容，常以阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达的形式出现，例如2018年新课标卷II阅读理解B篇，2017年新课标卷I 语言知识运用的第二节（语法填空），2016年四川卷阅读理解D篇，2016年全国卷Ⅲ七选五，2015年广东卷基础写作，2015课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇，2013新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇等。

Passage 1（2018年新课标卷II）Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in ab undance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, s elect ripe bananasfor freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.1. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.2. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.3. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.4. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper.D. A travel brochure.【文章大意】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。

2014-2018年高考真题英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解之科普类说明文(精编+解析版)

2015-2018年高考真题英语试题分类汇编阅读理解之科普类说明文（试题部分）答案及解析页码为39～632015年高考试题1、【2015·新课标全国II】BYour house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places –and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock –or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.25. The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.their home comfortstheir body shapehouse buyinghealthy diets26. A home environment in blue can help people ____.digest food betterreduce food intakeburn more caloriesregain their appetites27. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?Eat quickly.Play fast musicUse smaller spoonsTurn down the lights28. What can be a suitable title for the text?Is Your House Making You Fat?Ways of Serving DinnerEffects of Self-ConsciousnessIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?2、【2015·新课标全国I】DConflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers - some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session - care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”A cafésociety where no intellect ualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle - longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And th ey need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist”, she says, “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.32. What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?A. Learn a new subjectB. Keep in touch with friends.C. Show off their knowledge.D. Express their true feelings.33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?A. They are less frequently visited.B. They stay open for longer hours.C. They have bigger night crowds.D. They start to serve fast food.34. What are theme cafes expected to do?A. Create more jobs.B. Supply better drinks.C. Save the cafe business.D. Serve the neighborhood.35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?A. They bring people true friendship.B. They give people spiritual support.C. They help people realize their dreams.D. They offer a platform for business links.3、【2015·江苏】BIn the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole. Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste —all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their con tribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take backpackaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place? Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television?From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.58.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .A. the weight of e-goods is rather smallB. E-waste deserves to be made good use ofC. natural minerals contain more precious metalsD. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste59.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _________ .A. from producers to governmentsB. from governments to producersC. from individuals to distributorsD. from distributors to governments60. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The increase in e-waste.B. The creation of e-waste.C. The seriousness of e-waste.D. The management of e-waste.4、CSuppose you become a leader in an organization. It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, to expand their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people’s wish of participation from an internal factor (e.g.,“I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., “I volunteer because I’m required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question, researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance, one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may not surprise you, it leads to i mportant practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience”.Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “V olunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.” Consistent with the researchers’ expecta tions, they found a positive correlation (正相关) between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead to concrete advice: “Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity.... Items like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role identity”.61.People volunteer mainly out of ______ .A. academic requirementsB. social expectationsC. financial rewardsD. internal needs62.What can we learn from the Florida study?A. Follow-up studies should last for one year.B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.C. Strategy training is a must in research.D. V olunteers are provided with concrete advice.63.What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?A. Individual differences in role identity.B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.C. Role identity as a volunteer.D. Practical advice from researchers.64.What is the best title of the passage?A. How to Get People to V olunteerB. How to Study V olunteer BehaviorsC. How to Keep Volunteers’ InterestD. How to Organize V olunteer Acti vities5、【2015·广东】CDaniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes it’s important to distinguish television’s influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn’t really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child’s ability to think and to understand the world. While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, children learn early thepsychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree, children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, explaining new words and ideas. Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. But according to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability. TV doesn’t take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents’ educational background have a stronger influence on a child’s reading. “A child’s reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads.” Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ (智商) scores and affects school performance. But here, too, Anderson notes that no studies have proved it. In fact, research suggests that it’s the other way around. “If you’re smart young, you’ll watch less TV when you’re older,” Anderson says. Yet, people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television vi ewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children. However, by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed, Anderson suggests that television cannot be condemned without considering other influences.36. By watching TV, children learn _________.A. images through wordsB. more than explicit meaningsC. more about images than wordsD. little about people’s psychology37. An educational program is best watched by a child _________.A. on his ownB. with other kidsC. with his parentsD. with his teachers38. Which of the following is most related to children’s reading ability?A. Radio-listeningB. Television-watchingC. Parents’ reading listD. Parents’ educational backg round39. Anderson believed that _________.A. the more a child watches TV, the smarter he isB. the younger a child is, the more he watches TVC. the smarter a child is, the less likely he gets addicted to TVD. the less a child watches TV, the better he performs at school40. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To advise on the educational use of TV.B. To describe TV’s harmful effects on children.C. To explain traditional views on TV influences.D. To present Anderson’s unconventional ideas.6、【2015·陕西】CThe production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out.On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.54. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques.B. It leads to air pollution and global warming.C. It slows down the loss of shade trees.D. It improves local soil conditions.55. The purpose of the text is to .A. entertainB. advertiseC. instructD. persuade56. Where does this text probably come from ?A. An agricultural magazine.B. A medical journal.C. An engineering textbook.D. A tourist guide.57.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?7、【2015·湖北卷】DThe oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat,”Your inner ear thinks you’re falling . Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —truly terrible days for some —astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass. That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.63.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?A. Deciding on a proper sleep positionB. Choosing a comfortable sleeping bagC. Seeking a way to fall asleep quicklyD. Finding a right time to go to sleep.64.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when _____.A. the y circle around on their bikesB. they use microcomputers without a stopC. they exercise in one place for a long timeD. they watch a movie while pedaling65.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because _____.A. their senses stop workingB. they have to stand up straightC. they float out of their seats unexpectedlyD. whether they are able to go back to the station66.One of the NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is _____.A. how much exercise they do on the stationB. how they can remain healthy for long in spaceC. whether they can recover after returning homeD. whether they are able to go back to the station8、【2015·北京卷】CLife in the ClearTransparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It’s trickier than you might think.The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter lig ht, at least not very much, Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it ----you see the things behind it.To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors oflight. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. A ccording to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.Animals are built of many different materials----skin, fat, and more----and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see—through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it . Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.63. According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_______.A. stay in groupsB. can be easily damagedC. appear only in deep oceanD. are beautiful creatures64. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means__________.A. silentlyB. graduallyC. regularlyD. completely65. One way for an animal to become transparent is to ________.A. change the direction of light travelB. gather materials to scatter light.C. avoid the absorption of lightD. grow bigger to stop light.66. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals________.A. move more slowly in deep waterB. stay see-through even after deathC. produce more tissues for their survivalD. take effective action to reduce light spreading7.【2015·四川】DTheir cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could p ut the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy."And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep."Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise. However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.42.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what cause robins to sing so much?A. The breeding season.B. The light in modern lifeC. The dangerous environment.D. The noise from heavy machinery.43.What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?A. The environment might be polluted.B. The birds' health might be damaged.C. The industry cost might be increased.D. The people's hearing might be affected.44.What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Active at night.B. Inactive at night.C. Active during the day.D. Inactive during the day.45.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?A. Because there are fewer dangers.B. Because there is more food to eat.C. Because there is less light pollutionD. Because there are more places to take shelter.8.【2015·四川】ENo one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden pole s to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said.People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way , who led the new study . West said , “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction . I thought , ‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things?’ “A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides , he realized . That , he notes , should make a block of stone” a lot easier to roll than a square”.So he tried it.He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.46.It’s widel y believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ______.A. rolling them on roadsB. pushing them over the sandC. sliding them on smooth pathsD. dragging them on some poles47.The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 me ans____.A. made the path wetB. made the path hardC. made the path wideD. made the path slippery48.What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?A. Rolling the blocks with poles attached.B. Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.C. Rolling poles to move the blocks.D. Rolling the blocks with fat.49.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West ?A. Because more force is needed for sliding.B. Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.C. Because sliding on smooth road is more dangerous.。

五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练-专题07 史地常识类

专题07史地常识类历史地理类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况，相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或选择。

文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代；命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题；涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。

阅读史地类文章时，要重点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。

如果文章或试题有附图或附表，一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。

附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章，辅助我们做好有关试题。

＂历史与地理＂是高中英语课程标准话题之一，也是高考常考话题。

本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。

通过＂历史与地理＂这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修养，促进学生的身心健康。

【高考探究】近几年的高考英语中，＂历史与地理＂这个话题屡见不鲜。

在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达中，出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地概况、风土人情等，例如2018年新课标卷III阅读理解B篇；2017年浙江卷阅读理解C篇；2016年浙江卷阅读理解C篇、2016年江苏卷阅读理解D篇、2016年四川卷阅读理解C篇、2016年北京卷书面表达、2015年新课标卷I和2015年新课标卷II的语法填空等。

【相关词汇】Ⅰ.必记单词1. attack vt.进攻；袭击2. disappear vi.消失→ disappearancen.消失；失踪3. escape vi.逃跑4. feed vt.喂养；饲养；靠……为生；向……提供5. local adj.当地的→ locate vt.把……设置(在)；使……坐落(于) → location n.地点；位置6. native adj.本地的；本国的7. raise vt.饲养；提高8. range n.山脉；vi.排列；延伸9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭；n.废墟；毁灭10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓→ threat n.威胁Ⅱ.阅读识记单词12.abolish vt. 废除13.aggression n.侵略→ aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的14.betray vt. 出卖；泄露机密15.distribute vt.发放；分发→ distribution n.分配；配给16.drought n .干旱17.dynasty n .朝代18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发→ eruptionn.爆发19.frighten vt. 使惊恐→ frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→ frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的20.foggy adj.有雾的→ fog n.雾21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的→ freeze vi.&vt.将……冷冻，冻僵→ frozen adj.结冰的，冷冻的22.geography n .地理23.historic adj.历史的；有历史意义的→ history n.历史→ historical adj.历史(上)的；与历史有关的24.historical adj.与历史有关的25.incident n .事变26.independence n .独立27.invade vt.侵略28.monument n .纪念碑29.mountainous adj.多山的30.occupy vt.占领；使忙碌31.origin n .起源；由来32.religion n .宗教33.religious adj.宗教的34.remote adj.偏远的；偏僻的35.racial adj. 种族的36.revolution n .革命37.sacrifice vt. 牺牲38.shortage n .缺乏39.shower n .阵雨；淋浴40.supply vt. 提供；供应；n. 供应；供给41.terrify vt.使恐怖42.urban adj.城市的；都市的43.weapon n .武器II.高频短语1.at war在交战中2.be located in/lie in坐落于/位于3.be rich in富含；盛产4.be separate from与……分离5.be surrounded by被……包围/环绕着6.break out(战争、火灾等)爆发7.clear up清理；清除；天气转晴8.date from起源于；追溯到；始于9.declare war on对……宣战10.defend against抵御11.in peace和平地12.in the long run从长远来看13.take on呈现；接受(工作)；开始雇用14.turn against背叛15.vote for/against投票支持/反对III.固定句型1.so...that...Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage. 有时候，微笑的力量会如此强大以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。

[五年高考]2014年-2015-2016-2017-2018年北京市英语卷高考试题真题卷(含详细答案)

高考试题汇总目录（精心整理）2018年北京卷高考试题word版（含详细答案）2017年北京卷高考试题word版（含详细答案）2016年北京卷高考试题word版（含详细答案）2015年北京卷高考试题word版（含详细答案）2014年北京卷高考试题word版（含详细答案）绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）（考试时间：100分钟试卷满分：120分）考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What’s moreB. That’s to sayC. In other wordsD. Believe it or not答案是D。

1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.A. startB. have startedC. startedD. had started2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. TravelB. TravelingC. Having traveledD. Traveled4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.A. is workingB. was workingC. has workedD. had worked5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC.asD. that6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shareB. to shareC. having sharedD. shared7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.A. pressB. to pressC. pressingD. pressed9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. usedB. to useC. usingD. use11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.A. howB. whenC. whereD. why12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.A. needB. shouldC. canD. must13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.A. droveB. would driveC. were to driveD. had driven14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

[五年高考]2014年-2015-2016-2017-2018年浙江省英语卷高考试题真题卷(含详细答案)

高考试题汇总目录（精心整理）2018年浙江卷高考试题word版（含详细答案）2017年浙江卷高考试题word版（含详细答案）2016年浙江卷高考试题word版（含详细答案）2015年浙江卷高考试题word版（含详细答案）2014年浙江卷高考试题word版（含详细答案）绝密★启用前2018年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语选择题部分第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

学@1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She’s generous.B. She’s curious.C. She’s helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.C. At 10:30.4. How does the woman go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.C. By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

五年高考(2014-2018年)英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练-专题02 人物故事类

专题02人物故事类人物故事类的文章体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。

写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。

命题以细节为主，推理为辅。

主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家、企业家以及影视、体育明星等杰出人物，尤其重视介绍这些杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的困难取得的成功等。

文章一般会歌颂他们在为人类作出巨大贡献的同时，也为自己的事业谱写出了精彩的篇章。

命题方式考点一细节事实理解一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。

细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。

此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：2.Which o4.According to the passage, when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？1.直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。

如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S. This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevatorinside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in ter it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam, one of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .A. between Arizona and NevadaB. in the Black CanyonC. between New York and San FranciscoD. both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。

[配套k12学习]2018-2019年高考英语题型分类专题复习阅读理解Word版

阅读理解题形讲与练(附参考答案)一、考查形式阅读理解是高考英语试卷中的语言运用题，旨在检查高中生在阅读中的语感：特别是在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力。

《考试说明》对阅读理解的要求做了明确的规定，阅读理解部分主要测试考生以下能力：1，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意：2．了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节：3．根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义：4．既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间的逻辑关系：5．根据所读材料进行一定的判断，推理和引申：6．正确领会作者的观点和态度。

二、考查内容阅读理解常考的题材：发展报告，农业报告，经济报告．环境报告，科学报告，教育报告，健康报告，新闻科学，自然灾害，医学(如瘟疫等疾病)，战争，旅游、交通，人物传记、人物特写，故事，探索，语言、语言掌故，音乐、体育与娱乐，文学、艺术，历史、考古、文物出土，英语国家的文化习俗、人口、地理、建设、历史、社会、科技等概况。

三、基本题形以及解题技巧2. 四大题形的解题技巧1）细节理解题解题技能常见的命题方式有：（1）特殊疑问句形式。

以when，where。

what．which．who，how much, many等疑问词开头引出的问题：（2）以是非题的形式。

true / false. not true/ false或EXCEPT：（3）以According to…开头提问方式：（4）以填空题的形式，如：To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised___________.（5）就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。

做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而可采取"带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，对照比较，确定答案。

除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除：2) 细节题干扰项有如下几个特点：(1)与原文有相关信息，但不是题目要求的内容；(2)符合常识，但不是文章内容：(3)与原文的内容极其相似，但在程度上有些变动：(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反：(5)一半正确，一半错误：细节理解题的答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思：有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。

[K12配套]2018-2019年高考英语题型分类专题复习阅读理解Word版

三、基本题形以及解题技巧1. 基本题型及题形特征基本题型及题形特征主旨大意题主要考察学生对所读材料中心思想的概括。

其考察形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想或目的大意等；细节理解题主要考察考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解。

这一题型常见的命题方式有：事实认定题、排序题、图形辨认题、数字运算题；；推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。

推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题；判断词义题主要考察考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词的词义能力。

要求从句子结构、段落、文章中推断或根据构词法推断词义。

2. 四大题形的解题技巧1）细节理解题解题技能常见的命题方式有：（1）特殊疑问句形式。

以when，where。

what．which．who，how much, many等疑问词开头引出的问题：（2）以是非题的形式。

2014-2018年高考真题英语试题分类汇编：阅读理解之社会生活说理议论类(精编+解析版)

2014-2018年高考真题英语试题分类汇编阅读理解之社会生活说理议论类（试题部分）答案及解析页码为84～1312016年高考题社会生活类[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]CA typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it's mostly for show. In reality, it's the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn't have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: all you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become…take immediate action. If you're clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A. To trick the lion.B. To show off his skills.C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices.B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changes.D. They have to do something for show.30. What is the author's attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. Tolerant.B. Doubtful.C. Respectful.D. Supportive.31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”，you're advised to ________．A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidance[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]BSince th e first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” towards the environment.“We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased man y, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports, emissions(排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programmes; today in 1995 there are about 6，600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twenty-five years ago, there were hardly any education programmes for environment.Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of programme.“Until we do that, nothing else will change！” says Bruce Anderson.25. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________．A. the social movementB. recycling techniquesC. environmental problemsD. the importance of Earth Day26. Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A. The grass-roots level.B. The business circle.C. Government officials.D. University professors.27. What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest.B. They have settled their environmental problems.C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.28. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?A. Education.B. Planning.C. Green living.D. CO reduction.[2014·天津卷]AA guide to the universityFoodThe TWU Cafeteria is open 7 am to 8 pm. It serves snacks(小吃), drinks, ice cream bars and meals. You can pay with cash or your ID cards. You can add meal money to your ID cards at the Front Desk. Even if you do not buy your food in the cafeteria, you can use the tables to eat your lunch, to have meetings and to study.If you are on campus in the evening or late at night, you can buy snacks, fast food, and drinks in the Lower Café located in the bottom level of the Douglas Centre. This area is often used for entertainment such as concerts, games or TV watching.RelaxationThe Globe, located in the bottom level of McMillan Hall, is available for relaxing, studying, cooking, and eating. Monthly activities are held here for all international students. Hours are 10 am to 10 pm, closed on Sundays.HealthLocated on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon and 1：00 to 4：30 pm.Academic supportAll students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall. Here, qualified volunteers will work with you on written work, grammar, vocabulary, and other academic skills. You can sign up for an appointment on the sign-up sheet outside the door two 30-minute appointments per week maximum. This service is free.TransportationThe TWU Express is a shuttle(班车) service. The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre, leaving from the Mattson Centre. Operation hours are between 8 am and3 pm, Saturdays only. Round trip fare is $1.36. What can you do in the TWU Cafeteria?A. Do homework and watch TV.B. Buy drinks and enjoy concerts.C. Have meals and meet with friends.D. Add money to your ID and play chess.37. Where and when can you cook your own food?A. The Globe, Friday.B. The Lower Café，Sunday.C. The TWU Cafeteria, Friday.D. The McMillan Hall, Sunday.38. The Guide tells us that the Wellness Centre ________．A. is open six days a weekB. offers services free of chargeC. trains students in medical careD. gives advice on mental health39. How can you seek help from the Writing Centre?A. By applying online.B. By calling the centre.C. By filling in a sign-up form.D. By going to the centre directly.40. What is the function of TWU Express?A. To carry students to the lecture halls.B. To provide students with campus toursC. To take students to the Mattson Centre.D. To transport students to and from the stores.[2014·天津卷]C“Dad，” I say one day，“let's take a trip. Why don't you fly out and meet me？” My father had just retired after 27 years as a manager for IBM. His job filled his day, his thoughts, his life. While he woke up and took a warm shower, I screamed under a freezing waterfall in Peru. While he tied a tie and put on the same Swiss watch, I rowed a boat across Lake of the Ozarks.My father sees me drifting aimlessly, nothing to show for my 33 years but a passport full of funny stamps. He wants me to settle down, but now I want him to find an adventure.He agrees to travel with me through the national parks. We meet four weeks later in Rapid City.“What's our first stop？” asks my father.“What time is it？”“Still don't have a watch？”Less than an hour away is Mount Rushmore. As he stares up at the four Presidents carved in granite(花岗岩), his mouth and eyes open slowly, like those of a little boy.“Unbelievable，” he says. “How was this done？”A film in the information centre shows sculptor Gutzon Borglum devoted 14 years to the sculpture and then left the final touches to his son.We stare up and I ask myself, “W ould I ever devote my life to anything？”No directions，no goals. I always used to hear those words in my father's voice. Now I hear them in my own.The next day we're at Yellowstone National Park, where we have a picnic.“Did you ever travel with your dad？” I ask.“Only once，” he says. “I never spoke much with my father. We loved each other—but never said it. Whatever he could give me, he gave.”That_last_sentence—it's_probably_the_same_thing_I'd_say_about_my_father._And_what_I' d_want_my_child_to_say_about_me.In Glacier National Park, my father says, “I've never seen water so blue.” I have, in several places of the world, I can keep travelling, I realize—and maybe a regular job won't be as dull as I feared.Weeks after our trip, I call my father.“The phot os from the trip are wonderful，” he says.“We've got to take another trip like that sometime.”I tell him I've decided to settle down, and I'm wearing a watch.46. We can learn from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the father ________.A. followed the fashionB. got bored with his jobC. was unhappy with the author's lifestyleD. liked the author's collection of stamps47. What does the author realize at Mount Rushmore?A. His father is interested in sculpture.B. His father is as innocent as a little boy.C. He should learn sculpture in the future.D. He should pursue a specific aim in life.48. From the underlined paragraph, we can see that the author ________．A. wants his children to learn from their grandfatherB. comes to understand what parental love meansC. learns how to communicate with his fatherD. hopes to give whatever he can to his father49. What could be inferred about the author and his father from the end of the story?A. The call solves their disagreements.B. The Swiss watch has drawn them closer.C. They decide to learn photography together.D. They begin to change their attitudes to life.50. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Love nature, love lifeB. A son lost in adventureC. A journey with dadD. The art of travel[2014·天津卷]DPeople aren't walking any more—if they can figure out a way to avoid it.I felt superior about this matter until the other day I took my car to mail a small parcel. The journey is a matter of 281 steps. But I used the car. And I wasn't in any hurry, either. I had merely become one more victim of a national sickness: motorosis.It is an illness to which I had thought myself immune(免疫的), for I was bred in the tradition of going to places on my own two legs. At that time, we regarded 25 miles as good day's walk and the ability to cover such a distance in ten hours as a sign of strength and skill. It did not occur to us that walking was a hardship. And the effect was lasting. When I was 45 years old I raced—and beat—a teenage football player the 168 steps up the Stature of Liberty.Such enterprises today are regarded by many middle-aged persons as bad for the heart. But a well-known British physician, Sir Adolphe Abrhams, pointed out recently that hearts and bodies need proper exercise. A person who avoids exercise is more likely to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly. And walking is an ideal form of exercise—the most familiar and natural of all.It was Henry Thoreau who showed mankind the richness of going on foot. The man walking can learn the trees, flowers, insects, birds and animals, the significance of seasons, the very feel of himself as a living creature in a living world. He cannot learn in a car.The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a_steel_river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic light to turn green.I say that the green of forests is the mind's best light. And none but the man on foot can evaluate what is basic and everlasting.51. What is the national sickness?A. Walking too much.B. Travelling too much.C. Driving cars too much.D. Climbing stairs too much.52. What was life like when the author was young?A. People usually went around on foot.B. People often walked 25 miles a day.C. People used to climb the Statue of Liberty.D. People considered a ten-hour walk as a hardship.53. The author mentions Henry Thoreau to prove that________.A. middle-aged people like getting back to natureB. walking in nature helps enrich one's mindC. people need regular exercise to keep fitD. going on foot prevents heart disease54. What is compared to “a steel river” in Paragraph 6?A. A queue of cars.B. A ray of traffic light.C. A flash of lightning.D. A stream of people.55. What is the author's intention of writing this passage?A. To tell people to reflect more on life.B. To recommend people to give up driving.C. To advise people to do outdoor activities.D. To encourage people to return to walking.[2014·安徽卷]CYou are the collector in the gallery of your life. You collect. You might not mean to but you do. One out of three people collects tangible(有形的) things such as cats, photos and many toys.These are among some 40 collections that are being shown at “The Museum Of”—the first of several new museums which, over the next two years, will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors. In doing so, they will promote a popular culture of museums, not what museums normally represent.Some of the collections are fairly common—records, model houses. Others are strangely beautiful—branches that have fallen from trees, for example. But they all reveal(显露) a lot of things: ask someone what they collect and their answers will tell you who they are.Others on the way include“The Museum of Collectors”and “The Museum of Me”. These new ones, it is hoped, will build on the success of “The Museum Of”. The thinkers behind the project want to explore why people collect, and what it means to do so. They hope that visitors who may not have considered themselves collectors will begin to see they, too, collect.Some collectors say they started or stopped making collections at important points: the beginning or end of adolescence—“it's a growingup things; you stop when you grow up，” says one. Other painful times are mentioned, such as the end of a relationship. For time and life can seem so uncontrollable that a steady serial(顺序排列的) arrangement is comforting.64．How will the new museums promote a popular culture of museums?A．By collecting more tangible things.B．By showing what ordinary people have collected.C．By correcting what museums normally represent.D．By accumulating 40 collections two years from now.65．What can be learned about collectors from their collections?A．Who they are.B．How old they are.C．Where they were born.D．Why they might not mean to collect.66．Which of the following is an aim of the new museums?A．To help people sell their collections.B．To encourage more people to collect.C．To study the significance of collecting.D．To find out why people visit museums.67．According to the last paragraph, people may stop collecting when they ________．A．become adultsB．feel happy with lifeC．are ready for a relationshipD．feel time to be uncontrollable[2014·安徽卷]EYou may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association，founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty(贫困) and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most promising“changemakers” seeking to solve(解决) urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy contributing adult. In fact, it is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka，which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there.When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka's streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost(把……制成堆肥) this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilizers(化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made, the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14，000.Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious, practicalprogress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.72．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A．Changemakers B．BusinessmenC．Social conditions D．Rubbish problems73．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to “________”．A．the local farmersB．Masqsood and IftekharC．Drayton and his teamD．the poor people in Dhaka74．It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he________．A．considers Drayton's conceptB．gets permission from AshokaC．tries to improve social conditionsD．is a young, happy and healthy adult75．The author's attitude towards Ashoka's programme can be described as “________”．A．changing B．forgivingC．cautious D．positive[2014·福建卷]EAs has been all too apparent in recent days at Balcombe, few issues cause greater concern than energy policy. Many village communities feel their countryside is being ruined by the powerproducing machines of wind farms; yet they never take “direct action”，even though the planning laws put them at a severe disadvantage. And the generous subsidies(财政补贴), which encourage the expansion of wind power, are not favourable to the village communities and set landowners in conflict with other residents(居民)．Those who disagree with the rapid expansion of wind farms state that the damage they cause is out of proportion(比例) to the benefits they bring, because their energy output cannot match that of the carbon-based power stations they are supposed to replace. Supporters insist that wind must be part of a mix of renewables, nuclear and carbon, and that the country is committed to meeting EU (European Union) targets for non-carbon energy generation.Against this background, the fact that there is an argument within the government over whether to publish an official report on wind farms' impact on the countryside becomes even more extraordinary. The two parties in the coalition(联合) government are in disagreement over what it should say.We have some advice for the two parties: publish the report, and let the country be the judge. Even if it contains evidence that wind farms are harmful, it will hardly be a pleasant surprise to people who do not like them. Equally, supporters must argue their case by acknowledging the concerns and explaining why they are either misplaced or worthy of much attention.The suggestion that further negotiations are to take place to produce an “acceptable” report suggests that the politics of coalition government are doing the country harm in a certain way. Given the sensitivities involved, all the information should be available so that people can reach their own conclusions, rather than being left with the suspicion(猜疑) that facts are being replaced by political beliefs.72．We can learn from the first paragraph that________．A．energy policy catches much attention of the publicB．the residents are in favour of the expansion of wind farmsC．many village communities are satisfied with the subsidiesD．the planning laws offer great benefits to the residents73．Supporters think that the expansion of wind power ________．A．is more rapid than that of carbon-based powerB．guarantees an increase in energy outputC．is expected to be much better than that of nuclear powerD．agrees with EU targets for non-carbon energy generation74．It can be inferred from the passage that________．A．an official report will settle the energy problemB．the two parties are divided over the issue of wind farmsC．the two parties have agreed on a further negotiationD．political beliefs concerning energy issue go against facts75．Which of the following reflects the author's opinion?A．Increase political impact on energy policy.B．Release a statement of supporters on wind farms.C．Let the nation judge the facts about wind power.D．Leave the two parties to reach their own conclusions.[2014·湖南卷]CThe behaviour of a building's users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions(排放) by 80 per cent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own—though extremely important—is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency(效率)，which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.“Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything，” explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher，“consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design.”In other words，old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don't have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information，it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback(反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors，could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 per cent energy savings using smart meters.Social science research has added a further dimension(方面)，suggesting that individuals' behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted—whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat(恒温器), for example.Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.66. As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of ________．A. zero-carbon homesB. the behaviour of building usersC. sustainable building designD. the reduction of carbon emissions67. The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to“________”．A. the waysB. their homesC. developmentsD. existing efforts68. What are Katy Janda's words mainly about?A. The importance of changing building users' habits.B. The necessity of making a careful building design.C. The variety of consumption patterns of building users.D. The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.69. The information gap in energy use ________．A. can be bridged by feedback facilitiesB. affects the study on energy monitorsC. brings about problems for smart metersD. will be caused by building users' old habits70. What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?A. The social science research is to be furthered.B. The education programme is under discussion.C. The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.D. The behaviour preference of building users is similar.[2014·江西卷]CClose your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundreddollars less. Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your fingertips.With existing medical knowledge and skills, two thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer. Unfortunately, rich countries possess most of this knowledge, while developing countries do not.ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital. ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide. Inside a DC-8 aircraft, there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people there. Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programmes. ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35，000 doctors and nurses, who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year. ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programmes in China so far. For the seven to ten million blind in China, ORBIS is planning to do more for them. At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long-term plan to develop a training centre and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.For just US$38, you can help one person see; for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people; $1，300 helps teach a doctor new skills; and for $13，000 you can provide a training programme for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.65. The first paragraph is intended to ________．A. introduce a new way of readingB. advise the public to lead a simple lifeC. direct the public's attention to the blindD. encourage the public to use imagination66. What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?A. They are adequate.B. They have not been updated.C. They are not equally distributed.D. They have benefited most of the blind.67. ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________．A. teaching medical studentsB. training doctors and nursesC. running flying hospitals globallyD. setting up non-profit organizations68. What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?A. Appeal for donations.。

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