虚拟语气重点和难点解析(二)

虚拟语气重点和难点解析（二）

四、你会正确使用虚拟语气的倒装形式吗

______ your address, I would have written to you.

A. Did I know

B. Were I to know

C. Had I known

D. If I should know 此题应选C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有were, had, should, could等动词时, 可以将if省略, 然后将were, had, should, could 等词移至句首：

1. If he should fail, he would kill himself.

→Should he fail, he would kill himself.

万一失败, 他就会自杀。

2. If I were you, I would do it at once.

→Were I you, I would do it at once.

假若我是你, 我就会马上做。

3. If I could do it, I would.

→Could I do it, I would.

要是我能做此事, 我一定会做。

4. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.

→Had he seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.

他昨天要是看到了你, 他就会问你这事了。

顺便说一句, 以上移至句首的had不一定是助动词, 如果是实义动词也可倒装：

If he had money, he would buy a car.

→Had he money, he would buy a car.

他要是有钱, 他就会买一辆小车。

五、哪些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气

The guard at the gate insisted that everyone ______ the rules.

A. obeys

B. obey

C. will obey

D. would obey

此题应选B。一般说来, 在一些表示坚持(insist), 命令(order, command), 建议(suggest, advise), 要求(require, demand)等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should+动词原形”(其中的should在美国英语常省略, 但是引导从句的that通常不省略)：

He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent bya special plane. 他命令用专机来运送药品。

I demanded that I (should) be allowed to call mylawyer. 我要求准我找我的律师。

注意insist和suggest的用法要分两种情况：

2. insist 表示“坚持要”、“一定要”, 从句多指尚未实现的想法, 谓语通常用虚拟语气(should+v)；表示“坚持说”、“坚持认为”，从句所指的多为已经发生的事或已存在的状态, 谓语用陈述语气：

I insisted that he (should) go. 我坚持要他去。

I insisted that he was wrong. 我坚持认为他错了。

3. suggest表示“建议”, 其后接that从句, 一般要用虚拟误气；若表示“暗示”、“表明”, 则

其后所接that从句要用陈述语气：

She suggested that we (should) leave early. 她建议我们早点动身。

Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的表情表明了她生气了。

六、I wish 后从句用虚拟语气的三种形式

I wish you ______ him my telephone number, but you did.

A. didn’t give

B. hadn’t given

C. wouldn’t give

D. shouldn’t give

此题应选B。I wish后接宾语从句时, 谓语有三种可能：

1. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望, 用过去时：

I wish I were a teacher. 我要是一位老师就好了。

I wish I remembered her address. 我要是记得她的地址就好了。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望, 用过去完成时：

How I wish I had seen her off at the station, but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了, 但我太忙了。

3. 表示与将来事实相反的愿望, 用could / would+ / might+动词原形：

I wish he would come at once. 我真希望他马上来。

类似地, 以下结构也与wish情况类似(从句分三种情况)：

(1) If only(但愿)：用法与含义均与I wish相似, 以上各例中的I wish均可用If only代之, 含义大致相同。

(2) as if / though(好象)：

She loves the child as if he were her own. 她疼爱这孩子, 就像是她自己的孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)

He talks as if he had been there many times. 他说起话来好像是去过那儿多次似的。(与过去事实相反)

He speaks as if he would die soon. 听他说话那语气好像不久就要死似的。(与将来事实相反)