虚拟语气学习要点
虚拟语气学习要点
虚拟语气一直都被认为是英语学习中的一个难点，因此也便成为了各类考试的热点。现就虚拟语气的一些问题归纳如下，以帮助解决拟语气这个语法难点。
一、动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1．用wish表示现在的祝愿和报歉。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：I wish the were at home this time.
2．用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时或could+现在完成时。例：I wish I hadn‘ t hurt him so much。
3．用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。
其句子结构为宾语从句的谓语为would/could/might+动词原形。例：I wish I might be able to come tomorrow.
二、用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气
（一）表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设
1．与现在事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：if+主语+动词的过去式（be变were）+其他
主句：主语+would(should, could, might)+动词原形+其他
例：If I were you, I would go with him.
2．与过去事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他
主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他。例：If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.
3．表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。
其句子结构为：
从句：If+主语+should (were to )+动词原形+其他
主句：主语+would (could, should, might)+动词原形例：If he were to go tomorrow. He might tell you.
(二) 从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式
1．从句表示过去，主句表示现在。
If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.
2．从句表示将来，主句表示过去。
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, I would have gone to see the film with you last night。
3．从句表示过去，主句表示将来。
If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, we shouldn‘ t dare to do the experiment next week。
4．从句表示将来，主句表示现在。
If we shouldn’ t have an exam this afternoon. I would go shopping now.
三、可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句，用虚拟语气
由as if、as though引起的与事实相反的句子，不论主句的谓语是现在时或者说过去时，其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构，都基本上与wish后的宾语从句相同。例：John pretends as if he didn‘ t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.
(用过去式表示与现在事实相反的假设)
The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.
（用过去完成式表示与过去相反的事实）
They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形，表示与将来事实相反)
四、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气常用的此类动词有：
表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote
表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order
表示“主张”的：maintain, urge
表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist
例：The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
上述动词的名词形式，demand, desire, requirement, advice, order, decision, recommendation, suggestion, 以及necessity, preference, plan, motion, idea等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句，也用“should+动词原形“表示虚拟语气。现代英语，特别是美国英语，常省去“should”，例：
The advice is that we (should) leave at once.
He idea that we (should)visit Great Wall was warmly welcomed.
五、在“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中，主语从句的谓语也用“should+原形动词“表虚拟语气
美国英语中省去should, 常用的形容词和过去分词有：
表示“要求”的：required, demanded, requested, desired, desirabl。
表示“建议”的：suggested, recommended,
表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的：imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, important, vital
表示“适当、较好”的：appropriate, advisable, better, preferable
表示“可能”的：probable, possible
表示“命令”的：ordered
例：It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.
It is required that nobody (should)smoke here.
六、由下列名词或短语引导，或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气
1．“Lest 以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“should+动词原形”。
He took a map with him lest he (should ) lose his wag there.
2．“whether不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句，有时用动词原形。
All things, whether you know or don’t know, exist in the world.
3．用“would rather/had rather‘would just as soon"表示“宁愿、但愿”，后面的宾语从句谓语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求，用过去时表示对现在的愿望，用过去完成时表示对过去做的事的懊悔。
Don’ t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.
I would rather you go tomorrow.
I would rather everything hadn‘ t happened in the past.
4．用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.
5．在“It is（high/about）time+that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时，偶尔也可以用would(或should)+动词原形，或had rather (would rather)+动词原形。
It is high (about)time that we left/should leave/ had better leave/had rather leave/ were leaving.(注意与“This is the first/second…time”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。
6．用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要
不是”，“如果没有”（相当于if it were not for…）表示条件时，句中一般用虚拟语气。（也可用陈述语气）Without your help, I couldn’ t finish my work on time.
In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.
7．由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引导的条件从句或目的从句，根据情况，可用虚拟语气。（有时也可用陈述语气）They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.
8．在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should, 在书面语中可省去if ,将were等提到主语前，形成倒装。
Should there be a good film tomorrow. I would go to the theatre with you.
Were it not for your help. I wouldn‘ t be succeed.
if条件句中的虚拟语气讲解
虚拟语气(一) 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 If I were a boy, I would join the army. If she had time, she should go with you. If h e had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. If i t were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America 如果我是你，我就会努力学习 If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了 If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛． If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.
使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： １．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了． If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了． If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) ２．省略句 在条件句中，可省略if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。 表现在过去时 表过去过去完成时 表将来would, might, could＋动词原形 I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I would\could go.
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题 虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种： 一 .虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 注意:主句中的should通常用于第一人称,would可用于任何人称,同时也可根据意思用情态动词could,might等代替should,would。 1.与现在事实相反 (1) If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. (2) If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately. 2.与过去事实相反 If I’d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country. 3.与将来事实相反
If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be putoff. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean. 4.错综时间虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如: If I were you, I would have gone home. If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite all right now.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。) If the weather had been more favorable ,the crops would be growing still better. 状语从句 1. 方式状语as if(as though) 如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"had+过去分词";表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"would(might,could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) He looks at me as if I were mad. (2) He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.但as if(as though)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。例如:It looks as if our side is going to win. 2. 目的状语in order that,so that , lest ,for fear that等 从句谓语动词用" may/might,can/could)+动词原形"。例如: (1) She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted. (2) We hid behind some bushes for fear that passer-by should see us. 3. 连词引导的条件状语从句:
If条件句和虚拟语气
If条件句和虚拟语气 if 条件句和虚拟语气 包含条件从句的句子叫条件句。条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句（First conditional）,一类是非真实条件句(Second Conditional)。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句；如果是纯属假设情况或是不可能发生或可能性不大的情况，则是非真实条件句。 1.真实条件句,可用if和unless引导 1）一个动作发生，另一动作随之发生 I’ll lend Peter the money if he needs it. If he has time, he will come. If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. I won’t go to her party unless I am invited. 2）表示命令、建议或请求,这时的if等于when If she telephones, let me know. Give my love to Lawrence if you see him. 3)will用于if从句中，不表示将来，而表示愿意或坚持的意思 If you will come this way, I’ll take you to the manager’s office. If you will get drunk every night, it’s not surprising you feel ill. 2. 非真实条件句
非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句和错综时间条件句 1）虚拟条件句分三类，其结构列表如下： If I become president, I’ll make all of my people live a happy life. (竞选总统的候选人这样说) If I became president, I’d make all of my people live a happy life. (一个小学生这样说) l 以下与现在事实相反 He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I hade time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. l 以下与过去事实相反 If you had come here a little earlier, you would have met the pop star. I don’t know what would have happened if Jane hadn’t been able to speak Japanese. l 以下推测将来 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. If it should rain again, what else could we do? 2) 错综时间条件句
虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气用法归纳 1、在非真实条件句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。非真实条件有以下三类： （1）与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下： 从句：过去时 主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。如 If I were you, I would ask our teacher for advice. 如果我是你的话，我就请教老师。 （2）与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下： 从句：过去完成时 主句：would/should/could/ might +have+动词过去分词。如 If I hadn’t taken the wrong bus, I wouldn’t have missed the contest. 如果我没有搭错车，我就不会不参加竞赛。 （3）与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下： 从句：过去时/should /were to +动词原形 主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形。如 If I had enough money next month, I would buy a copy of “The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English”. 如果我下个月有足够的钱，我就会买一本《现代高级英语学习词典》。 （4）混合时间条件句：主句和从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。如 If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend. 假如我以前学过法语，现在就能给我们的法国朋友当翻译。 （注：if从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；而主句与现在事实相反，用would+动词原形。）
可用虚拟语气的用法总结
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句
虚拟语气完整用法
虚拟语气 一、用固定的情态动词表示的虚拟语气 1、 should +动词原形(有时省略should) (1)用在动词如advise, request, require, suggest, urge,demand, desire,command, insist, order, propose, recommend, 等后的宾语从句中。 例如: 1)They requested that we (should) send a invitation to their school、 2)He urged that he acquaint and apply the methods、 2、用在it is suggested,it has been decided, it is desired, it was proposed,it is required, it was ordered, it is necessary (essential, imperative, important, desirable) that等引出的主语从句中。 例如: 1)It is required that we (should) get everything done by tomorrow night、 2)It is imperative that the teachers (should) have a thorough knowledge of the subject they teach、 3、用在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, requirement等引起的表语从句与同位语从句 例如:She drives her vessel carefully lest she should lost her way、 4.用在表示比拟的方式状语从句中 例如:He laughed as if he had never been happier before、 5.用在表示虚拟情况的定语从句中 例如:It is high time you stop bitting your child、 6.用在某些表示主观愿望的名词从句中 例1:I wish I were as tall as you、 例2:He insisted that we (should) catch up the first bus in the morning、 7.用在婉转的请求、建议、批评等句子中
if条件句中的虚拟语气(一)(同步练习)-word文档资料
（答题时间：20分钟） 一、单项选择： 1. —I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday. —I ________, either，if my mother hadn’t reminded me. A. wouldn’t B. wouldn’t have C. didn’t D. hadn’t 2. —Will you accept the job offer? —If I ________ five years younger, I ________ it. A. were; would have taken B. have been; would take C. were; would take D. had been; would have taken 3. —Pity you missed the concert. —I ________ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. must have attended B. had attended C. would have attended D. would attend 4. Don’t complain about your pet dog.Your pet dog _____ like you more, if you ____ him better. A. would, treated B. could, had treated C. can, treated D. would, treat 5. If he _____ tomorrow, we _____ the meeting till next week. A. should not come, would put off B. does not come, would put off C. comes, will put off D. came, would put off 二、翻译下列句子： 1. 如果我是你，我就会努力学习。 ____________________________________________________ 2. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛。 ____________________________________________________ 3. 假如明天他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？ ____________________________________________________ 4. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。 __________________________________________________ 5. 如果我是Tom，我不会做这样的事情。 ____________________________________________________ 6. 如果我很了解她，我会告诉你关于她的一些情况。 ____________________________________________________ 7. 如果我能出国，我会到美国去。
高考if条件句虚拟语气
高考虚拟语气试题 1. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 2. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 3. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 4. If I ___ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have 5. If he had not gone out in the storm _____. A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now C. he would have been alive now 6. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain 7. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should k now D. knew 8. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet. A. is to, should B. were to, would C. were going to, would D. was going to, should 9. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now. A. had lis tened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know 10. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow. ---- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting. A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will not have D. would not have 11. If I had hurried, I ___ the train. A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught 12. If I had known that, I ___ so. A. wouldn’t do B. wouldn’t have done C. won’t do D. have not done 13. If I ___ you, I wouldn’t return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. we re 14. If the doctor had been available, the child ___. 教育是一项良心工程 1
if虚拟语气
英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气（用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。） 虚拟语气的考点： 1.条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法； 5.虚拟语气时态的判定。 一、If引导的虚拟条件句 区别： If it rains tomorrow，the crops will be saved. 陈述语气 If it rained tomorrow，the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气 真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 真：eg.If he doesn’t hurry up,he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。(真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气） If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） 非真：eg.If I were you,I would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句） 二、虚拟语气在条件从句中： 【例句】1.If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。（与过去事实相反）
2.If it were sunny tomorrow，i would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。（与将来事实可能相反） 3.If i were you，i would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。（与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你）主从句的谓语形式 （一）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 表示与现在事实相反的情况， 例1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder,he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力
虚拟语气用法小结及练习(附答案)
虚拟语气用法小结及相关练习（附答案） 一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。) 1. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟 2. 错综时间条件句：有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。 If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生 的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在) 3. 省略连词if （倒装）。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。 Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. Were I to meet him tomorrow (= if I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。 只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现， 能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气； 假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。 例：⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 2、注意事项： ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。 二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法： 1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。（而事实上得到了你们的帮助） 2.If the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好，我去那儿。（事实天气不好） 3.If I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。（事实上我不是你） 4.If time permitted, I would write it again. 如果时间允许的话，我再写一遍。（事实上时间不允许） 5.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. 要是现在不下雪的话，我们就不会待在屋里。（事实上现在下雪） 6.What would I do if I were in your place?要是我处于你地位我会怎么办？（事实上我不在你的位置上） 7.If he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。（可是他不着急） 8. If I were you, I should buy it. (从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形buy) 9. If I had time, I would study French. (如果有时间，我会学习法文。)（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形study） 10. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. (如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask) 注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……" 14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. (从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking)
虚拟语气的几种用法
虚拟语气的几种用法 1．错综时间条件句 虚拟语气通常用于含条件状语从句的主从复合句中。条件状语从句中表示与现在、过去或将来事实相反的虚拟语气比较容易掌握，但绝不可把它们当作一成不变的数学公式一样对待。就是说，不能只单纯背语法条条框框，而应充分理解句子锁定的语言环境。有时从句动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致。这时就要根据各自表示的时间概念加以调整。如： If he had taken my advice, he would be much better now．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2．含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句的形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词(如：without; butfor)引出的短语，一个连词（如：but; or; otherwise）引出的从句或其它方式来表示。如：Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the job in time．(Without your help＝If you hadn’t helped us) He could have given you more help, but he was busy．(but he was busy＝if he had not been busy) 3．倒装句 如从句中有were, had或should，则可以省去if, 并将were, had或should提前到句首，构成部分倒装。如： Were I to be young again, I would study medicine．(从句正常语序为：If I were to be young again) Had you not left so early, you might have missed the train．(从句正常语序为：If you had not left so early) 4．错综语气 有时从句用虚拟语气，主句却用陈述语气或祈使语气。如： If there should be an earthquake, what will you do﹖ (从句用虚拟语气，主句用陈述语气。) Ask her to leave a message if she should come．（从句用虚拟语气，主句用祈使语气。） 5．It is (high) time (that)句型 这个句型往往用“过去时”形式表示“现在”的动作，有时也用“should＋动词原形”。如：It’s high time (that) we began to work． I think it’s time (that) you made up／should make up your mind． 6．主句中含有suggest, suggestion, propose, proposal, insist, order, demand, request等词时，从句谓语部分常用“(should)＋动词原形”。如： She suggests that they (should) go there right away． Her suggestion is that they (should) go there right away．
虚拟语气用法归纳优选稿
虚拟语气用法归纳文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用
would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来 判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假 设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现 主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间 状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
If 条件句 虚拟语气
If 条件句虚拟语气 if 条件句 If it hadn’t rained ,I would have been out to play If I were to be a doctor,I would help those patients Hadn’t it rained, ,I would have been out to play 情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气： Should have done 本该做。。却没做 Shouldn’t have dong 不该做。。却做了 Needn’t have done 没必要做。。。却做了。。。 例如：I should have called me . 强化训练：虚拟语气 1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we ----- all right. A. would be B. would have been C. were D. may be 2.-------- more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3. If he ------me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call B. should not have been able C. were not able D. are not able 4.----------- today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 5. ______I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were 6. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he-------- our chairman now. A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be
(完整版)if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。 一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断 1、可以把条件句分为两类： 1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如： ⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。 (2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。） 2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如： ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。 ⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his ol d friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。 ⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。） 2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能
够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。 3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例： ⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. ⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. ⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out. 4、注意事项 ①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。 ②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。