2014年职称英语综合类ABC级讲义
2014年职称英语（综合类）考试辅导课程讲义目录概述 (4)一、词汇选项题精讲 (6)（一）解题技巧 (6)1、直接选 (6)2、解题原则 (7)3、查字典 (7)（二）例题讲解 (8)【第一组】 (8)【第二组】 (14)【第三组】 (16)【第四组】（自我检测） (18)【第五组】（自我检测） (21)【第六组】（自我检测） (24)2012年“词汇选项”例题讲解（A级） (28)2012年“词汇选项”例题讲解（B级） (32)2012年“词汇选项”例题讲解C级） (35)二、阅读判断题精讲 (37)（一）解题技巧 (37)1、题型介绍 (37)2、解题技巧 (37)3、解题步骤 (37)（二）例题讲解 (41)例题1 (41)例题2 (44)例题3 (47)例题4 (50)例题5 (54)三、概括大意与完成句子例题精讲 (58)（一）解题技巧 (58)1、题型介绍 (58)2、概括大意 (58)3、完成句子 (58)（二）例题讲解 (59)例题1 (59)例题2 (62)例题3 (64)四、阅读理解例题精讲 (68)（一）解题技巧 (69)3、问题类型及提问方式 (69)（二）例题讲解 (71)例题1. (71)例题2 (73)例题3 (78)例题4 (81)例题5 (83)例题6 (86)例题7 (89)例题8 (93)例题9 (96)例题10 (99)例题11 (102)例题12 (105)例题13 (108)例题14 (111)例题15 (114)例题16 (118)五、补全短文题精讲 (122)（一）解题技巧 (122)1、题型介绍 (122)2、解题思路 (122)3、关键词法 (122)（二）例题讲解 (123)例题1 (123)例题2 (124)例题3 (127)例题4 (129)例题5 (130)例题6 (132)例题7 (135)六、完形填空题精讲 (139)（一）解题技巧 (140)1、题型介绍 (140)2、解题思路 (140)3、解题方法 (140)（二）例题讲解 (140)例题1 (140)例题2 (144)例题3 (147)例题4 (151)例题5 (155)例题6 (158)例题7 (161)例题8 (164)综合C级完形填空 (179)第一篇：A Life with Birds (179)第二篇：A Lucky Break (182)第三篇：Global Warming (185)第四篇 A Success Story (186)综合C级阅读 (187)第一篇The Travels of Ibn Battuta (187)第三篇Shark Attack! (191)卫生类B级阅读理解（课本第29篇）“Don’t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning (196)概述广东外语外贸大学职业能力培训网开展的职称英语考试辅导，是以《全国职称英语等级考试用书（2013）》为基本依据，详细讲解教材各部分的重点和难点。
建议各位学员认真阅读教材，掌握学习方法，吃透教材内容，提高语言基本功。
这有这样，才能在考试的过程中应对自如。
教材中“词汇选项”部分有150道例题，“阅读判断”、“概括大意与完成句子”、“阅读理解”、“补全短文”和“完形填空”这五大题型共有文章110篇，其中标注“加号”的文章是考“A级”的学员需要特别关注的文章，标注“星号”的文章是考“B级”的学员需要特别关注的文章，没有加“加号”或“星号”的文章是考“C级”学员需要特别关注的文章。
按照叠加的标准，考“A级”的学员同时也要认真学习“B级”和“C级”学员应该关注的词汇和文章，考“B级”的学员也要关注考“C级”学员关注的词汇和文章。
对于“词汇选项”，建议考“A级”的学员通篇复习；建议考“B级”的学员特别关注“星号（要求B级掌握）”和“没有任何标记（要求C级掌握）的词汇；考“C级”的学员可以不看“加号”和“星号”部分的词汇。
对于“阅读判断”、“概括大意与完成句子”和“补全短文”，建议考“A级”的学员通篇阅读每部分的15篇文章；建议考“B级”的学员特别关注“星号（要求B级掌握）”和“没有任何标记（要求C级掌握）的词汇。
考“C级”的学员可以不看“加号”和“星号”部分的词汇。
对于“阅读理解”，建议考“A级”的学员扎扎实实熟读50篇文章；建议考“B级”的学员扎扎实实读33篇（第1篇到第33篇）文章。
对于考“C级”的学员，可将重点放在第1篇到第16篇上。
之所以希望大家熟读50篇，主要是培养扎实的语言基本功。
对于各个级别必考的新增篇目，考“A级”的学员特别关注第34、37、38、47这四篇文章；考“B级”的学院特别关注第19、20、26、30这四篇文章；考“C级”的学员特别关注第1、3、5、10、11、16这六篇文章。
新增篇目，每年必考，事实上是给分题目（15分）。
对于其他两篇（共30分），需要在不断扩大阅读量、培养扎实的语言基本功的基础上来应对。
对于“完形填空”，考各个级别（A、B、C）的学员必须熟练掌握新增篇目，这项题目实际上也是给分题。
考“A级”的学员需要熟练掌握第11、12、14、15篇；考“B级”的学员需要熟练掌握第6、7、9、10篇；考“C级”的学员需要熟练掌握第1、2、3、4篇。
本讲义中的“词汇选项”和各类阅读文章均选自课本，目的是指导和帮助大家熟练掌握教材内容，培养语言基本功，这是考试的基础。
本次辅导（共四次）会在第四次课给大家提供两套模拟试题。
在模拟试题中，“词汇选项”中考查的词汇本身来自教材，但不是教材中的原题。
“阅读判断”、“概括大意与完成句子”和“补全短文”都是课外内容，目的是检查大家运用课堂上介绍的学习方法和做题技巧来应对类似题型的能力。
“阅读理解”（三篇文章共45分）中有一篇来自各个级别中的“必考文章（也就是新增篇目）”，另外两篇来自课外，主要还是考查大家的语言基本功和熟练运用解题技巧的能力。
对于“必考文章”，建议大家不仅能够熟读，而且尽量能够背下来，确保万无一失。
“完形填空”来自课本原文章，但是，有些空格可能会和原文不同，这也是考试的要求。
因此，对于“完形填空”，不仅仅是要掌握课文填空部分的内容，更重要的是掌握原文中的语法、词汇、句式结构、上下文逻辑关系等各项中的重点和难点，如有可能，把这篇文章背下来，确保“完形填空”15分一分不丢。
“必考阅读”和准备职称英语考试，要着手早，在熟练掌握讲义内容的基础上，认真学习讲义中没有涉及的教材内容。
同时，制定详细的学习计划，合理安排课上和课下的学习。
只要持之以恒，本着不断提高英语语言基本功的态度，就能够在最终的考试中获得优异的成绩。
最后，祝大家学习愉快！考试取得优异的成绩！一、词汇选项题精讲在职称英语三个类别（综合、理工、卫生）的不同等级中，词汇选项是基础，在总分中占15分。
熟练掌握这部分基本词汇对于做后面不同类型的阅读理解都是裨益良多。
事实上，词汇部分的15道题就是给分题，这部分分数最容易拿到，所以一定要确保此项15分拿到满分。
要做到拿满分，需要注意以下四点。
第一，熟练掌握教材第一部分（词汇选项）中的例句。
因为从历年考试真题内容来看，在各类各级真题中，词汇部分题目中涉及的词汇大都出自教材例句。
第二，注意这些重点词汇的词性、同义词、近义词，以及在例句中的表现形式。
例如，如果是名词，那要看是可数名词还是不可数名词，是普通名词还是抽象名词；如果是可数名词，它的单、复数是规则的，还是不规则的。
如果是动词，要注意动词的时态、语态以及非谓语表达形式；如果是形容词，要注意形容词的比较级、最高级等。
即使对于这些语法概念不是很熟悉，在做词汇题目时，也不用过于紧张。
因为这部分题目不是考语法，所以，题目选项中给出的四个备选答案同题干中划线的词汇语法形态是一样的。
也就是说，如果题干中要求你判断的重点词是名词，四个备选答案也一定是名词，并且形式和题干中词语的形式相同。
第三，一定要熟练掌握最近三年到四年考试真题词汇部分的内容，因为根据历年真题情况来看，考点确实在不断重复。
这一点我们将在下面的例题精讲中详细阐述。
第四，如果确实遇到生词，可以借助词典。
建议大家使用牛津或者朗文英汉双解词典。
（一）解题技巧1、直接选直接看目标词与备选项，如果认识就直接选择答案。
例子：（1）We almost ran into(遭遇，撞上) a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signalling. （2012年B级第10题）A. overtookB. hitC. passedD. found答案选择B（2）A large crowd assembled(聚集) outside the American embassy. （2012年B级第3题）A. watchedB. shoutedC. walkedD. gathered答案选择D（3）The city was wiped out(摧毁) by the bomb. （2012年B级第1题）A. coveredB. reducedC. destroyedD. moved答案选择C（4）Her comments about men are utterly rediculous. （2012年A级第5题）2、解题原则（1）及物性与不及物性一致原则。
例如：We should not complain about taxes.A. feel unhappyB. say bad thingsC. careD. praise【解析】complain为不及物动词，praise为及物动词，D排除。
应选B。
（2）单（复）数一致原则。
例如：Passengers and planes are often equipped with air-to land radio telephones.A. highwaysB. railwaysC. sailboatsD. aircraft【解析】aircraft单复数同型，这里为复数形式，选择D。
（3）时态一致原则。
例如：She left for Beijing yesterday.A. comeB. wentC. getsD. reach【解析】left为一般过去式，只有went为过去式形式，选择B。
（4）词性一致原则。
例如：In this match, he is likely to win.A. perhapsB. possibleC. friendlyD. deadly【解析】likely是形容词，perhaps是副词，排除，根据意思，选B。
3、查字典碰到不认识的单词就查词典，先查目标词，再选答案。
2014年职称英语考试综合类A级试题及参考答案
2014年职称英语考试综合类A级试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A. pointB. tendencyC. result d. finding2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.a. amazingb. depressingc. predictabled. dull3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.a. furnishb. copyc. publishd. summarize4. The group does not advocate the use of violence.a. limitb. regulatec. opposed. support5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.a. reproducedb. inventedc. designedd. reported6. The department deferred the decision for six months.a. put offb. arrived atc. abided byd. protested against7. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.a. easedb. appearedc. improvedd. relieved8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.a. seriousb. ridiculousc. beautifuld. impressive9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.a. silentb. motionlessc. seatedd. true10. The country was torn apart by strife.a. povertyb. warc. conflictd. economy11. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.a. actb. homeworkc. justiced. model12. A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.a. equalb. certainc. larged. opposite13. His professional career spanned 16 days.a. startedb. changedc. movedd. lasted14. His stomach felt hollow with fear.a. sincereb. respectfulc. terribled. empty15. This was disaster on a cosmic scale.a. modestb. hugec. commerciald. national参考答案：bdada abbbc adddb第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2014年职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(一)
职称英语卫生类C级考试试题及答案解析(一)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题What influenced you to do it?A affirmedB affectedC invitedD interested【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】influenced意思为“影响”，四个选项中，意思最接近的是B项affected“影响”，另外三项的意思分别为A．affirmed“证实”；C．invited“邀请”；D．interested“使……感兴趣”。
第2题According to many sources, the safest drinking water is from a piped supply.A many resourcesB a great deal of informationC many sausagesD a great deal of salvage【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】B．many sources=a great deal of information“许多信息”；many resources“许多资源”；many sausages“许多香肠”；a great deal ofsalvage“大量的抢救费用”。
句意：许多信息表明，最安全的水是管道提供的水。
第3题When once you have caught the disease, you are immune from it for the rest of your life.A freeB busyC calmD impatient【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】immune“免疫的”；free“免于”；busy“忙于”；calm“安静”；impatient“不耐烦”。
2014年职称英语教材新增文章(综合类)
2014年职称英语综合类教材新增第二部分阅读判断第九篇What Is a Dream？（B级）For centuries，people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however，think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact，many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person‘s mind and emotions.Before modern times，many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist，Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book，The interpretation of Dreams （1900），Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a p erson‘s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings，thoughts，and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freud‘s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example，people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand，people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example，psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California，Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person‘s daily life，thoughts，and behavior. A criminal，for example，might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff，dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example，the people in men‘s dreams are often other men，and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world，including both modern and traditional ones.1Can dreams help us understand ourselves？Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However，one thing they agree on this：If you dream that something terrible is going to occur，you shouldn‘t panic. The dream may have meaning，but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist n.心理学家psychiatrist n.精神病学家（医生）Austrian adj.奥地利的gender n.性别注释：1.Sigmund Freud西格蒙德弗洛伊德（1856—1939），犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
2014年职称英语考试综合类A级真题全文翻译汇总
When Our Words Collide"Wanna buy a body?"That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S.News.Like many in the mainstream press,I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them",who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana,and"us",the serious news people. But after16years in that role,I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.“想买尸体的照片吗？”自从我当上《美国新闻》的图片编辑之后，我接到的自由摄影师打来的电话很多都是以这么一句开场的。
跟很多主流媒体一样，我想把这些买卖尸体照片或者整天跟着像戴安娜王妃这样的名人后面追拍的摄影师，归到“那些人”里面，而我们“这些人”自然是严肃的新闻人。
但是在这个位置上做了16年以后，我开始怀疑这两个世界是不是真的能轻易区分开。
Working in the reputable world of journalism,I toldphotographers to cover other people's difficult life situations.I justified marching into moments of sadness,under the appearance of the reader's right to know.I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines.And I wasn't alone.既然在新闻界这种声誉卓著的行业工作，我就要求摄影师们去采访其他人艰难的生活状况。
2014年职称英语真题及答案综合类A级(阅读理解)
第一篇The National TrustThe National Trust in Britainplays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoymentof the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although theTrust has received practical and moral support from the Government,it is not arich Government department.It is a voluntary association of people who care forthe unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain.It is a charitywhich depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of thepublic'.Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and placesof historical interest.The attention of the publicwas first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles ofBritain by the death of Lord Lothian,who left his great seventeenth-centuryhouse to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it.Thisgift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's"Country HouseScheme”. Under this scheme,with the help of the Government and the generalpublic,the Trust has been able to save and makeaccessible to the public aboutone hundred and fifty of these old st year about one and three quartersof a million people paid to visit these historic houses,usually at a verysmall charge.In addition to country housesand open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and watermills3,nature reserves4,five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousandfive hundred cottages or small village houses,as well as some completevillages.In these villages no one is allowed to build,develop'or disturb theold village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in theiroriginal sixteenth-century style.Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline,woodland,and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development ordisturbances of any kind are permitted.The public has free access to theseareas and is only asked to respect the peace,beauty and wildlife.Soit is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and importantorganization and an essential and respected part of national life,preservingall that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only forfuturegenerations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who eachyear invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.31.The national trust is aB、non-profit organization depenging on voluntary service32、The national trust is dedicated toD、protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic33、We can infer from paragraph2that Lord Lothion____C、saved many old country houses in britain34、All the following can be inferred from the passage except_____A、the trust more interested in protecting the16century houses35、the word“invade”in pargraph41s closest in meaningtoC、visit in large number第二篇How we form first impressionWe all have first impressionof someone we just met.But why? Why do we form an opinion about someonewithout really knowing anything about him or her–aside perhaps from a fewremarks or readily observable traits.The answer is related to how yourbrain allows you to be aware of the world.Your brain is so sensitive inpicking up facial traits,even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes,ears,nose,or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him orher as different.In fact,your brain continuously processes incoming sensoryinformation–the sights and sounds of your world.Theses incoming“signals”are compared against a host of“memories”stored in the brain areas called thecortex（大脑皮层）system to determine what thesenew signals“mean”.If you see someone you know and like at school,your brainsays“familiar andsafe”.“If you see someone new,it says,“new—potentially threatening”.Thenyour brain starts to match features of this stranger with other“known”memories. The height,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures and tone of voice areall matched up.The more unfamiliar the characteristics,the more your brainmay say,“This is new.I don’t like this person.”Or else,“I am intrigued.”Oryour brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes,ethnicity, gestures–like your other friends;so your brain says:“I like this person.”But thesespreliminary“impressions”can be dead wrong.When we stereotype people,we use aless mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very youngchild) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather thanlearn about the depth and breadth of people–their history,interest,values,strengths,and true character–we categorize them as jocks,geeks,or freaks.However,if we resist initialstereotypical impressions,we have a chance to be aware of what a person istruly like.If we spend time with a person,hear about his or her life,hopes,dreams,and become aware of the person’s character,we use a different,moremature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex,which allowus to be humane.36.Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her_____-facial feature37.If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likelyto say____I like the person38.The word“preliminary”means____initial39.Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because_____we neglect their depth and breath40.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of thepassage?Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain第三篇A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPost-menopausal(绝经后)women who walkfor an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a studyhas suggested.The report,which followed73,000women for17years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease.TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week,but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers.This study,published inCancer Epidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed 73.615women out of97,785aged50-74who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992and1993,so it couldmonitor the incidence of cancer in the group.They were asked to completequestionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active andparticipating in activities such as walking,swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much timethey spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the samequestionnaires at two-year intervals between1997and2009.Of the women,47%said walking was their only recreational activity.Those who walked for atleast seven hours per week had a14%lower risk of breast cancer compared tothose who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr.Alpa Patel,a senior epidemiologistat the American Cancer Society in Atlanta,Georgia,who led the study, said:”Giventhat more than60%of women report some daily walking,promoting walking as ahealthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasingphysical activity amongst post-menopausal women.We were pleased to find thatwithout any other recreational activity,just walking one hour a day wasassociated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longeractivities lowered the risk even more.”Baroness Delyth Morgan,chief executiveof Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”This study adds further evidence that ourlifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer andeven small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make adifference.”She added:”We know that the best weaponto overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the firstplace.The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”41.All of the following factorsrelating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage____EXCEPT________A.breathingexerciseB.regular walkingC.recreational activityD.lifestyle choices42.It can be inferred from Dr.AlpaPatel’s study that____.A.women have fewer chances of physicalactivityB.dailywalking could cut the chance of breast cancerC.leisure-time activity is notassociated with cancer riskD.walking is not recommended for womenwith breast cancer43.Dr.Alpa Patel was_____.A.headof the survey studyB.chief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyC.chair of the American Cancer SocietyD.chief executive of Breast CancerCampaign44.Which of the following statements istrue according to the passage?A.Most women take walking as their onlyrecreational activity.B.The study aims to track the healthconditions of its subjects.C.Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the womenD.Irregular walking increased the riskof breast cancer in post-menopausal women45.The word“sustainable”in the lastparagraph is closest in meaning toA.continuableB.affordableC.availableD.persistent 答案：ABACA。
2014年职称英语综合类A级考试试题答案及解析(四)
职称英语综合类A级考试试题答案及解析(四)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题She is slender, with delicate wrists and ankles.A sickB weakC slimD pale【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 本句意思：她很苗条，手脚纤细。
sick：有病的，例如：He fell sick with flu他得了流感。
weak：虚弱的，例如：She spoke in a weakvoice．她有气无力地说话。
slim：苗条的，最符合题意，如：It is not good for young ladies to keep slim at the cost of their health．年轻女士牺牲健康来减肥是不可取的。
pale：苍白的，例如：She has a pale face．她脸色苍白。
第2题The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A smilingB laughingC shoutingD staring【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】[解析] 本句意思：女孩盯着镜子里的自己。
stare：目不转晴地盯着，最符合题意。
gaze：凝视，注视；后接at，例如：The climbers stood on the top of the mountain．gazing at the splendid view．登山队员们站在山顶，凝视壮丽的景色。
smile：微笑。
laugh：带笑的，可笑的；注意laugh at是嘲笑的意思。
shout：喊叫，呼喊，例如：You'd better stop shouting at the children．你最好别冲孩子们喊叫了。
2014年职称英语综合类A级考试试题答案及解析(七)
职称英语综合类A级考试试题答案及解析(七)一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题All foreign troops must withdraw from the country.A. retainB. retireC. reviseD. retreat【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】withdraw：收回、撤销、撤出，和retreat(撤退、退却)意思相近；retain：停留、维持；retire退休、隐退；revise：修改、校阅。
第2题Three straight lines meeting at three points constitute a triangle.A. center onB. come down toC. consist ofD. form【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】constitute：形成、组成、构成，和form意思相同；center on：围绕、以……为中心；come down to：变为、成为、归结为；consist of：由……组成、由……构成。
第3题The local authorities will take measures to deal with noise pollution in the areA. controlB. learningC. powerD. government【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】authority：当局、官方，和power(权力、势力、政权)意思相近；control：控制、抑制、支配；learning：学问、知识；government：政府。
第4题A bare hill appears behind the jungle.A. baldB. humidC. immenseD. level【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】bare和bald意思相同，都表示“赤裸的、光秃秃的”；humid：潮湿的；immense：巨大的；level：平的、水平的。
2014年职称英语真题及答案综合类B级(阅读理解)
第一篇The Making of a Success StoryIKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer,and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad,one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs.Born in Sweden in1926,Kamprad was a natural businessman.As a child,he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches,seeds,and pencils in his community.When Kamprad was17,his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades.Naturally he used it to start up a business一IKEA.IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials(I.K.)and the place where he grew up('E'and'A').Today IKEA is known for its modern,minimalist furniture1,but it was not a furniture company in the beginning.Rather,IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods.Kamprad's wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices2,including watches, pens and stockings.IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in1947.The fUrniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home.Initial sales were veryencouraging,so Kamprad expanded the product line.Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in1951.In1953IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult,Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture iti attractive settings,but in the early1950s,people ordered from catalogues.Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelmiig:people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it.This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive.By1955,IKEA was designing all its own furniture.In1956Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport.Kamprad was inspired.The man had given him a great idea:flat packaging3.Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared.The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves,but over time,even this grew into an advantage for IKEA.Nowadays,IKEA is often seen as having connotations of self-sufficiency.This image has done wonders for the company,leading to better sales and continuedexpansion.Today there are over200stores in32countries.Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company.In2004he was named the world's richest man.He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA.IKEA itself,though,just keeps on growing.31.Kamprad established IKEA withA.his personal savingsB.his father’s reward for his school performancerge profits from selling thingsD.his school’s support32.The author states in Paragraph5that flat packagingA.needs large space to assembly fumitureB.is a business concept inspired by KampradC.helps reduce transportation costsD.makes the company self-sufficient33.According to the passage.which of the following is NOT true？A.IKEA experienced rapid expansion since the late1950sB.IKEA designd its own products since1955C.IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods originallyD.Kamprad said his company after retirement34.what is the auther’s attitude towards IKEA’s future according toA.indifferentB.DoubtfulC.OptimisticD.Pessimistic35.The passage is developed primarily in terms ofA.analysis of a processB.examples that illustrate a problemanson and contrastD.sequence events答案：BCDCD第二篇Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt bays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a goodreader.Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of informationprocessing by the brain.Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He think that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the Brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has Identified8different kinds of intelligence;linguistic,mathematical,spatial,musical, Interpersonal,intrapersonal,body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic.36.What is the main idea of this passage？A.The importance of intelligenceB.The development of intelligence testsC.How to understand intelligenceD.How to become intelligent37.Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence？A.Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence testsB.Intelligent people do not do well on group testsC.Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral testsD.People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests38.Gardner believe thatA.all children are alikeB.children have different intelligencesC.children should take one intelligence testD.there is no general intelligence39.According to Gardner schools shouldA.promote development of all intelligencesB.test student's who do poorly on testsC.train students who do poorly on testsD.focus on finding the most intelligent students40.Gardner thinks that his theory has aA.musical foundationB.intrapersonal foundationC.linguistic foundationD.biological foundation答案：CDBAD第三篇The Workers'Role in ManagementTraditionally，it has been the workers'role to work and management's role to manage.Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought to consulting the labor force.Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers'opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.At most，companies have provided“suggestion boxes”in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures.In recent years，however，many managementspecialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore，major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents.This is particularly true of plant closings，which may put thousands on the unemployment lines.Should workers，then play a stronger role in management？Workers should have a role in management.At the very least the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions.（A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.）Between 1980and1985about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs，often with no warning. At least90days——notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.Management should consult workers before closing a plant because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making.There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups.If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow，they will help to make improvements，their morale will rise，and their productivity will increase.As a further incentive they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans，bonuses，or rewards for efficiency and productivity.Finally，when a plant can no longer operate at a profit，the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.41.It can be inferred from Paragraph1that managersA.were not qualifiedB.seldom obtain workers opinionC.dislike suggestion workers opinionsD.never consulted the tapor torce42.In recent years，many management specialists have been arguing theyA.should have a say in management of the companyB.are no longer sellers of the productsC.are less affected by company decisions than beforeD.are able to make final decisions for the company43.The word rank-file Paragraph2is closest in meaning toA.seniorB.ordinaryC.intelligentD.capable44.According to the passage，what happened between1980 and1985A.About five million workers were laid off without advance noticeB.Managers consulted workers before closing a plantC.Workers did not make necessary concessionD.Many companies were closed because of strikes45.If not give a voice in managerial decision making，workersA.may lack the incentive to increase their productivityB.cannot get a share in the company’s profitsC.can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivityD.will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant 答案：BABAA。
2014年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类B级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类B级真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. London quickly became a flourishing port.A. majorB. largeC. successfulD. commercial【答案】C【解析】句意：伦敦迅速成为一个繁荣的港口。
flourishing繁荣的。
successful成功的。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
major主要的。
large大的。
commercial商业的。
因此，本题正确答案为C。
2. It was a magic night until the spell was broken.A. charmB. timeC. spaceD. opportunity【答案】A【解析】句意：在咒语被打破之前，那是个神奇的夜晚。
spell魅力；咒语。
charm魅力。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
time时间。
space空间。
opportunity机会。
因此，本题正确答案为A。
3. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.A. proveB. discoverC. considerD. imagine【答案】B【解析】句意：他们正尝试发现现行制度的弊端。
identify确定，发现。
discover 发现。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
prove 证明。
consider 考虑。
imagine想象。
因此，本题的正确答案为B。
4. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A. copyB. publishC. summarizeD. furnish【答案】D【解析】句意：委员会被要求提交关于住房情况的报告。
2014年职称英语语法讲义1
4）加“-er ／- or(表示“从事于……的人”)”为主 动，加“-ee ”为被动 examiner 主考人 examinee 参加考试者、受试 人 employer 雇主 employee雇员 interviewer会见者 interviewee被接见者, 被访问者 5）有时会直接用表示人的词构词，像-boy , -girl, man, -woman, cowboy牛仔, playboy花花公子, salesgirl女店员, salesperson推销员, workman工人, postman邮递员
8. -ish childish（幼稚的），womanish（女人气的），foolish （愚昧的） selfish（自私的
9. -ive由动词构成形容词 sensitive灵敏的， imaginative想象、富有想象力的，
10. -less表示没有…的 useless无用的，lifeless无生命的，hopeless绝望的 11. -ous表示具有…的、有…特性的。 dangerous有危险的 continuous连续性的、连续的 serious严重的 various各种的 previous以前的
hypothesis → hypotheses 假说；假设
medium → media 媒体 mouse → mice 老鼠 nucleus → nuclei 核心；原子核 phenomenon → phenomena 现象
shelf → shelves 架子 thief → thieves 贼 wife → wives 妻子 wolf → wolves 狼 scarf → scarfs, scarves 围巾 knife → knives 刀子 leaf → leaves 树叶 life → lives 生命