八年级英语下册语法汇总
八年级英语下册语法汇总
重点语法1
一般将来时态的应用
do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done
一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few
years.
一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years?
重点语法2
过去将来时
一、过去将来时的结构
should/would+动词原形
do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do
do/does的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑问句例句:What should I do?
重点语法3
过去进行时
do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doing
do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO
landed.
否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO
landed.
一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a
UFO landed?
特殊疑问句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?
动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词,while 后加
延续性动词。
例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO
landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO
landed.
重点语法4
宾语从句
结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/
表语)
1、引导名词性从句的连接词
(1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分
(2)whether/if:表示是否,宾语从句中不做成分。
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many
years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。
(3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾
语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)
连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
2、在做宾语从句的题目时应注意时态
(1)当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐
姐昨天回来了。
(2)当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是
谁的钢笔。
(3)当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候
都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过
地球绕着太阳转。
重点语法5
if 引导的条件状语从句
结构:主句 + if + 条件状语从句
if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意:
在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一
般现在时态。
例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
重点语法6
现在完成进行时态
do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式:have/has been doing
do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态:have/has been
being done
现在完成进行时态所应用的场合:
①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做
②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响
I have been making progress since he talked with me that
time.自从那次他与我谈过心后,我天天都在进步。
现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑问句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑问句例句:How long have you been skating?
重点语法7
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的结构
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时
用has,其余人称用have.)
否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他.
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
二、现在完成时用法、定义详细讲解
1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着
眼点在现在,主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。
He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。
We’ve had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。
2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去
的动作。
He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有
20多年了。
3、表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一
般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等
时间状语。
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。
重点语法8
反意疑问句
反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成,或者由否定陈述句加肯
定问句构成。
He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的,则必须
用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的,则必须用 no 回答。
---You're not ready, are you?你还没有准备好,对吧?
---No, I'm not.是的,我没有准备好。
---Yes, I am.不,我准备好了。
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结
八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结如下:一、动词时态一般现在时:描述经常发生的动作或状态。
主语为第三人称单数时,动词要加-s或-es。
例子:She often reads books in the evening. (她晚上经常看书。
)一般过去时:描述过去发生的动作或状态。
动词要用过去式。
例子:I went to the park last Sunday. (我上周日去了公园。
)现在进行时:描述正在进行的动作或状态。
结构为“be动词(am/is/are)+动词-ing”。
例子:They are playing football now. (他们现在正在踢足球。
)过去进行时:描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。
结构为“was/were+动词-ing”。
例子:When I called you, you were studying. (我打电话给你时,你正在学习。
)二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级:用于比较两个事物或人的特征。
一般在形容词或副词后加-er。
例子:This book is cheaper than that one. (这本书比那本便宜。
)最高级:用于比较三个或更多事物或人的特征。
在形容词或副词后加-est,或在前面加the most。
例子:She is the tallest girl in her class. (她是她班级里最高的女孩。
)三、情态动词can/could:表示能力或可能性。
例子:I can swim. (我会游泳。
)may/might:表示可能性或请求。
例子:You may borrow my book. (你可以借我的书。
)must:表示必须或义务。
例子:You must finish your homework tonight. (你今晚必须完成家庭作业。
)四、被动语态被动语态用于描述事物的状态或描述被动发生的动作。
结构为“be动词(am/is/are/was/were)+动词的过去分词”。
人教八年级英语下册知识讲解及必考语法点大汇总-全
人教八年级英语下册知识讲解及必考语法点大汇总-全一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则(1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。
①单音节单词small→smaller→smallestshort→shorter→shortesttall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest②少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowest(2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。
large→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicestable→abler→ablest(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
big→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottestfat→fatter→fattest(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
easy→easier→easiestheavy→heavier→heaviestbusy→busier→busiesthappy→happier→happiest(5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautifuldifferent→more different→most differenteasily→more easily→most easily(6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。
good→better→bestwell→better→bestbad→worse→worstill→worse→worstold→older/elder→oldest/eldestmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastfar →further/farther→furthest/farthest2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。
(完整版)人教版英语八年级下册重点词组、句型及语法点汇总,推荐文档
13.be back 回来14.be angry with sb 生某人的气15.throw down 扔下16.the minute=as soon as 一…就…e over 过来18.sit down 坐下19.take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步20.all the time 频繁;反复21.all day / evening 整日/夜22.shout back 大声回应23.walk away 走开24.in surprise 惊讶地25.share the housework 分担家务26.hang out 闲逛27.do chores 做杂务28.go to the store 去商店29.buy drinks and snacks 买饮料和点心30.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事31.have enough stress from 有来自…足够的压力32.a waste of time 浪费时间33.in order to 为了34.get good grades 取得好成绩35.depend on 依赖;依靠36.have no idea 不知道37.develop children’s independence 发展孩子独立性38.look after=take care of 照顾;照看39.as a result 结果40.agree with sb 同意某人的观点/意见disagree with sb 不同意某人的观点/意见二、常见搭配1.finish doing sth. 完成做某事2.a few “几个”,后接可数名词复数few “很少,几乎没有”,后接可数名词复数a little “一点儿”,后接不可数名词little “很少,几乎没有”,后接不可数名词3.1> question “问题”,需要回答的问题,与ask或answer 搭配2> problem “问题”,需要解决的问题,与solve 搭配in the front of “在…前面”,在所说范围之内5.as…as… “与…一样…”,中间加形容词或副词原级,。
Unit1语法知识点梳理人教版英语八年级下册
人教版八年级英语下册语法知识点Unit1. What’s the matter?▶短语归纳1.have a cold 感冒2. have a stomachache 胃痛3. have a headache 头痛4. have a sore throat 喉咙痛5. have a fever 发烧6. have a cough 咳嗽7. have a heart problem 有心脏病8.hurt oneself伤到自己9.cut oneself割伤自己10.fall down 摔倒;跌倒11.get hit/sunburned 被击中/晒伤12. lie down 躺下13. take breaks/take a break 休息14. go to a/the doctor 看医生15.see a dentist 看牙医16. get an Xray 拍个X光片17. take one's temperature 量体温18. put some medicine on...在…上敷些药19.take sb. to the hospital带某人去医院20. take risks/take arisk冒险21.lose one’s life 失去生命22.run out(of)用尽;耗尽23.cut off 切除24.away from 远离25. make a decision /make decisions 做决定26.sound like 听起来好像27.get out of离开;从………出来28. get off 下车29. get to 到达30.get into 陷人;参与31.wait for 等待32.think twice 慎重考虑,再三考虑33.think about 考虑34. go mountain climbing 去爬山35. give up 放弃36. tell of叙述;描述37. the importance of……的重要性38. be interested in 对……感兴趣39. be in control of掌管;管理40.to one ’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是; 出乎某人的意料 41.thanks to 多亏;由于 42.in time 及时43.right away=at once 立即;马上 44. because of 因为 45.by oneself 独自;单独 46. too much 太多 47.a few 一些48.all weekend 整个周末 49. so that 以便▶用法集萃sth.需要某物1. needto do sth.需要做某事doing sth.某事需要被做2. see sb ..doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 do sth.看见某人做了某事3.mean to do sth.打算做某事 doing sth.意味着做某事4. expect/want (sb. ) to do sth 期待(某人)做某事/想要(某人)做某事 6. seem(to be)+形容词 好像……seem to do sth.好像做某事 seem + that 从句 好像.…7. agree/happen to do sth. 同意做某事/碰巧做某事 8.help sb.(to)do sth. 帮助某人做某事9.tell sb.(not)to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事10.have problems(in)doing sth. 做某事有困难11. use sth. to do sth.= use sth. for doing sth.用某物做某事12. give up/ keep on doing sth. 放弃做某事/继续做某事13.mind doing sth.介意做某事14.so+形容词/副词+that从句15.It is/was+形容词+ that 从句如此……以至于…"某事是…▶语法专项一.询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦时的常用表达1.询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达: What's the matter (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?What's wrong (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?What's the trouble ( with sb.)?/ (某人)出什么事了?What happened (to sb.)?(某人)发生什么事了?Are you OK?你没事吧?Is there anything wrong( with sb. )?(某人)有什么事吗?2.要表达身体某一部位疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构:(1)某人+have/has+病症The twins have colds.这对双胞胎感冒。
八年级下册英语语法必看
八年级下册英语语法必看八年级下册英语语法的重点内容包括:
1. 时态与语态:
- 现在进行时:主语 + be动词 + 现在分词
- 一般过去时:主语 + 过去式动词
- 一般现在时:主语 + 动词原形
- 一般将来时:主语 + will + 动词原形
- 被动语态:主语 + be动词 + 过去分词
2. 比较级和最高级:
- 比较级的构成:主语 + 比较级 + than + 宾语
- 最高级的构成:主语 + the + 最高级 + of
3. 名词的单复数:
- 一般情况下,在名词后加-s表示复数形式
- 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词,在后面加-es表示复数形式
- 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es表示复数形式
4. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级:
- 比较级的构成:原级 + er
- 最高级的构成:原级 + est
- 不规则形式:good-better-best, bad-worse-worst
5. 状语从句与定语从句:
- 状语从句:连词 + 从句
- 定语从句:关系词 + 从句
6. 直接引语和间接引语:
- 直接引语:用引号将原始对话内容包起来
- 间接引语:将原始对话内容改写为陈述句,并将引号去掉
7. 祈使句和感叹句:
- 祈使句:动词原形 + 宾语
- 感叹句:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 动词!
以上是八年级下册英语语法的必看内容,希望对你有帮助!。
人教版八年级下册英语——知识点语法归纳总结
人教版八年级下册英语——知识点语法归纳总结Unit 1 What’s the matter?1. 短语归纳①have a cold/ fever/ stomachache…感冒、发烧、胃疼……②lie down 躺下③too much 太多④get an X-ray 拍片⑤take one’s temperature量体温⑥sound like 听起来像……⑦take breaks (take a break) 休息⑧go to a doctor 看医生⑨get off 下车⑩on the side of…在……边上have a heart problem 患心脏病wait for 等待to one’s surprise 使……惊讶的;出乎意料? thanks to 多亏;由于in time 及时think about 考虑,认为right away 立刻,马上get into trouble 陷入麻烦fall down 摔倒a few 几个,一些21 have problems breathing 呼吸困难22 get sunburned 晒伤23 look up 查阅24 be interested in…对……感兴趣25 be used to doing…习惯于做某事26 take risks (take a risk) 冒险27 lose one’s life 丧生28 became of 因为29 run out (of) 用尽,耗尽30 be ready to do sth. 准备做某事31 cut off 切除32 climb down 爬下33 get out of 离开;从……出来34 tell of 讲述35 the importance of (doing sth.) (做某事的)重要性36 be in control of 掌管,管理37 make a decision 做决定38 keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事39 give up 放弃40 cut/ hurt oneself 使自己受伤2. 典句必背①What’s the matter?②I have a stomachache.③What should I do?④Should I take my temperature?⑤I think you should lie down and rest.⑥If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.⑦His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.3. 用法集萃(1) 当别人心情不好,身体不适或遇到麻烦时,我们可以用如下表达表示关心:What’s the matter?What’s the matter with you?What’s wrong with …?What’s the trouble\problem with …?(2) 英语中常用have描述身体的不适,此时have意为“患有”,常用结构:①have a + 疾病例:have a cold 感冒;have a fever 发烧;have a cough 咳嗽②have a + 身体部位-ache例:have a headache 头痛;have a toothache 牙痛③have a sore + 身体部位例:have a sore throat 咽喉痛;have a sore back 背痛(3) lie down躺下;tell lies/a lie 说谎含义过去式过去分词躺;平躺lay lain位于撒谎;说谎lied lied(4) maybe & may be①maybe,“或许”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子。
八年级英语下册 Unit 1-5【单元语法】归纳
八年级英语下册Unit 1-5【单元语法】归纳Unit 1 重点语法教学目标:掌握情态动词should的用法掌握反身代词的用法1. 情态动词should的用法( 1 ) 情态动词should后接动词原形,变为一般疑问句时将should 提前,变为否定句时在should后面加not。
We should listen to our teacher carefully in class.Should I tell him the news right now?We shouldn’t come late to school.( 2 ) should常用于以下两种情况:① 提出建议、观点或看法。
You loo tired. You should lie down and rest.② 表示推测,意为“该,按理应当”。
Wait a minute. I thin he should come in a moment.2. 反身代词( 1 ) 反身代词的构成反身代词是表示或强调自身的代词,有人称和数之分。
第一、二人称反身代词由“形容词性物主代词+ self ( 单数)或selves ( 复数)构成;第三人称则由“宾格人称代词+ self ( 单数)或selves ( 复数) ”构成。
详见下表:( 2 ) 反身代词的用法① 做宾语You must loo after yourself well and eep healthy.The child can dress himself.② 做同位语He didn’t often go shopping himself.= He himself didn’t often go shopping.③ 做主语在现代英语中,反身代词一般不能独立用作主语,但是它可以借助and, or, nor等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部),以及用于某些特殊结构(如as...as等)。
人教版八年级英语下册单词-短语-句型和语法总结
⼈教版⼋年级英语下册单词-短语-句型和语法总结Unit1What’s the matter?【重点单词】matter [?m?t?] v.重要,要紧,有关系What’s the matter? 怎么了?出什么事了?sore [s?:(r)] adj. 疼痛的,酸痛的have a cold感冒stomach ['st?m?k]n. 胃,腹部stomachache ['st?m?ke?k] n.胃痛,腹痛have a stomachache 胃痛foot(复数feet) [fu:t] n. 脚neck [nek] n.颈,脖⼦throat[θr??t] n.喉咙fever ['fi:v?]n. 发烧,发热lie [la?]v. 躺,平躺lie down躺下rest [rest] n. 剩余部分,其余;放松,休息cough [k?f] n. & v.咳嗽X-ray ['eksre?] n.X光,X射线toothache[?tu:θe?k] n. ⽛痛takeone's temperature 量体温headache [?hede?k] n.头痛have a fever发烧break [bre?k] n. &v. 休息,暂停;打破take breaks (take a break) 休息hurt [h?:t] v.伤害,损害,使受伤passenger ['p?s?nd??]n. 乘客,旅客off[?f] adv. prep.离开(某处);从…去掉get off 下车to one's surprise 使…惊讶,出乎…意料onto [??nt?]prep. 向,朝trouble[?tr?bl] n. ⿇烦,烦扰,问题hit [hit] n. & v.碰撞,打,打击right away ⽴即,马上get into陷⼊,参与herself [h?:?self]pron.她⾃⼰,她本⾝(she的反⾝代词)bandage ['b?nd?d?]n.& v. 绷带;⽤绷带包扎sick [s?k] adj.患病的,不适的knee [ni:] n.膝盖nosebleed [?n??zbli:d]n. ⿐出⾎breathe [bri:e] v.呼吸sunburned[?s?nb?:nd] adj. 晒伤的ourselves[ɑ:?selvz] pron. 我们⾃⼰(we的反⾝代词)climber [?kla?m?(r)] n. 登⼭者be used to 习惯于… 适应于…risk[r?sk] n. &v. 风险,危险;冒险take risks (take a risk)冒险accident [??ksid?nt] n. 意外事件;事故situation [?sitju?ei??n] n. 状况,形式,情况kg=kilogram[?k?l?gr?m]n.公⽄,千克rock[r?k] n. 岩⽯run out (of) ⽤尽,耗尽knife [naif] n.⼑,餐⼑cut off 切除blood [bl?d] n. ⾎mean [mi:n] v. 意味着,意思是,意欲get out of离开,从… 出来importance [?m?p?:tns] n. 重要性decision [d?'s??n] n. 决⼼,决定,抉择control [k?n'tr??l] v.控制,⽀配,操纵be in control of 掌管,管理spirit['sp?r?t] n.勇⽓,意志death [deθ] n.死亡give up放弃nurse [n?:s]n. 护⼠【重点短语】1.have a fever 发烧2.havea cough咳嗽3.have atoothache⽛疼4.talk too much 说得太多5.drink enoughwater喝⾜够的⽔6.have a cold 受凉;感冒7.have a stomachache胃疼8.have asore back背疼9.have a sore throat喉咙痛10. take risks冒险11.hot teawith honey加蜂蜜的热茶12.see a dentist 看⽛医13.get an X-ray 拍X 光⽚14.takeone’ s temperature量体温15.putsomemedicine onsth. 在……上⾯敷药16.give up 放弃17. sound like听起来像18.all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way 以同样的⽅式20. go to a doctor 看医⽣21. goalong沿着……⾛22. on thesideofthe road 在马路边23. shout for help⼤声呼救24. without thinking twice没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有⼼脏病27. toone’ s surprise另某⼈惊讶的是28.thanksto 多亏了;由于29. in time 及时30.makea decision 做出决定31. get into trouble造成⿇烦32.right away⽴刻;马上33. becauseof由于34. getout of 离开;从……出来35. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事36.put abandage on sth. ⽤绷带包扎37.fall down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶⼼39. have a nosebleed流⿐⾎40.cuthis knee割伤他的膝盖41. put her head back把她的头向后仰42.have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing登⼭运动44. be used to doing sth.习惯做某事45. run out(of) ⽤完;⽤尽46. so that 以便47. so...that... 如此……以⾄于...…48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a difficult situation 在闲境中【重点句型】1. What's the matter with you?=What'the trouble with you?= What's wrong with you? 你怎么了?2. What should she do? 她该怎么办呢?3.Should I take my temperature?我应该量⼀下体温吗?4.You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息⼀会⼉。
八年级下册英语重点语法归纳
05 Sentence structure and types
Simple senses, compound senses, and compound
complex senses
Simple presence
1
A presence with a single subject and predicate
03 Adjectives and Advants
The comparative and superior forms of objections
Comparative objectives are formed by adding "- er" to the end of the objective, or by using the suffix "- ier" for words that are already end in "- y" For example, "happy" behaviors "happier", and "busy" behaviors "busier"
"The book has been read." It is formed by adding "ed," "- d," or "- t" to the base form of the verb, depending on the regularity of the verb. "
Infinitive verb
04 Positions and connections
The usage of commonly used positions
八年级(下)新目标英语语法汇总
八年级(下)新目标英语语法汇总一、一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存有的状态。
本时态标志词:1.含tomorrow; next短语;2.in+段时间;3.how soon;7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时8.another day比较be going to 与will:be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。
如:He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.3. be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而will 则没有这个意思,如:She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to, 而多用will, 如:If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.掌握了它们的这些不同,你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。
一般将来时常见的标志词1.含tomorrow; next短语;2.in+段时间;3.how soon;4.by+将来时间;5.祈使句句型中:or/and sb. will do例Be quick, or you will be late=If you don’t be quick, you will be late6.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时(另见Unit 5)二、过去实行时(Past Progressive Tense)句型:S + was/were +V-ing…例A:She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.(昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。
