2019-2020年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.1Friendship真题回放含解析
2019版高考英语一轮基础练习Unit1Friendship(含解析)新人教版必修1
Unit 1 Friendship李仕才一、阅读理解。
Golden Gate BridgeLocated in San Francisco ，the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connectthe San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County.It was finally thrown open to publicin 1937.It cost more than$35 million in the construction.Till the year 1957 ， the Golden Gate Bridge，at a length of 2,737 meters, was the longest suspension bridge in theworld.The Brooklyn Bridge is located in Brooklyn.It is one of the oldest bridges in the United States ，opened in the year 1883.The length of the bridge is 1,825 meters.The bridge has been featured in several Hollywood movies.George Washington BridgeAlso known as the Hudson River Bridge ，the George Washington Bridge which connects Fort Lee to Manhattan came into use in 1931 after a construction period of almost 4years.It is a two-level suspension bridge.Mackinac BridgeThis is the third biggest suspension bridge in the world at a length of 8,038meters.The architect of this bridge was Dr.David B．Steinman who directed the construction of the bridge which started in the year 1954 and opened to the publicin 1957.People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.Navajo BridgeLocated in Arizona ， this bridge crosses the Colorado River and is almost 250 meters long.The construction of this bridge started in the year 1927， ending two years later，costing $390,000.In the 1990s a second bridge was built which was opened to the publicin 1995.The first bridge is still used by pedestrians now.1． What do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge?A． It consists of two bridges.B． It costs the least of the five bridges.C． It is the longest suspension bridge in the world.D． It takes about 4 years to complete the construction.2． Which of the following bridges was built the earliest?A． Golden Gate Bridge.B． Brooklyn Bridge.C． George Washington Bridge.D． Navajo Bridge.3． What will you do if you drive across Mackinac Bridge?A． Have to pay some money.B． Use the second bridge.C． Cover nearly 250 meters.D． See the statue of Dr.David B． Steinman.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国五座有名的大桥。
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit1 Friendship对点练习 新人教版必修1
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 Unit1 Friendship对点练习新人教版必修1Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1．The big earthquake that happened in Yushu destroyed the town of Yushu________(entire)．2．Our parents are________about our health and future.As far as I'm________(concern)，we should talk with them.3．Never before has our country been so________(power)as it is today.4．He stood up suddenly，________(upset) a cup of tea.5．The doctor had given her up but she made an excellent________(recover)．6．Some people say that man is naturally a hunter.I express________(disagree) with this view.7．This race，which went on for________(exact) four months，was the last of its kind.8．European________(settle) began in 1840 when the British arrived.答案：1.entirely 2.concerned；concerned 3.powerful4．upsetting 5.recovery 6.disagreement7.exactly8．settlementⅡ.短语填空2．I ________________ him the first time I saw the young man.3．He's amazingly cheerful considering all he's had to__________.4．She had a few thousand dollars ________________ for her retirement.5．________________ the weather broadcast，there will be a snowstorm this evening.6．If you want to know the total，you'd better____________the numbers.7．Why don't you ________________ your ideas on paper?8．Do you often ________________ headaches in winter?9．I will ________________ to finish the job ahead of time.10．I am going to have an interview with your manager.I mean that I'm going to interview him____________.答案：1.get along with 2.fell in love with 3.go through4．put away 5.According to 6.add up7.set down8．suffer from9.make an effort10.face to faceⅢ.完成句子1．The father ________________(对……感到担心) the son's bad performance at school.2．He took a deep breath to ________________(使他自己平静下来)．3．All these gifts must be mailed immediately________________(为了被收到)in time for Christmas.4．________________(遭受) serious brain damage for many years，Mrs Brown doesn't remember what happened to her.5．With a local guide ________________(带路)，they had no trouble walking out of the forest.6．________________(多久之后才) the professor makes another visit to China?7．________________(当被问到) about the secret of this game，he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.8．I have never heard of the names________________(你添到)the list.9．Since we all live under one room，we should learn________________________(如何相处好) one another.10．That was the last time that he________________________________(与父亲面对面地谈话)．答案：1.was concerned about 2.calm himself down3．so as to be received 4.Having suffered 5.leading the way6．How long will it be before7.When asked8．you added to9.how to get along well with10．had talked with his father face to faceⅣ.单元考点作文串记(一)根据提示翻译句子1．去年，李华前往(set out)美国读书。
【高考推荐】2019-2020高考英语一轮选练习题Unit1Friendship(含解析)新人教版必修1
必修1 Unit 1 Friendship李仕才一、阅读理解ATaylore is a kid who passes by to ride sometimes and help us with chores. Barely 15, she’s never short of advice, and one of her favorite pastimes is teasing me about being afraid to go too fast on a horse.Last summer four of us rode down the trail behind our woods: my wife Karen, Taylore, Taylore’s friend Kendall and me. I was riding my 13-year-old, Tawny.We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason, I pushed Tawny into a gallop（飞驰）. The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.Taylore brushed past my left leg and, seconds later, Kendall went by on my right. I realized Tawny was covering ground faster than I’d ever seen her. She strained every muscle in her body to catch up with the girls. It was like a truck winding over a mountain road without brakes (闸). Part of me felt perfectly in control, while another part screamed that I wasn’t. In half a mile I knew we’d be crossing the highway, so I prayed that the girls would be fine. I gave up calculating how long it might take before my horse would be tried enough to want to slow down.I was just about out of answers when I saw the girls slowing in front of me. Their horses were relaxed and comfortable, not even breathing hard. Taylore’s face glowe d. She gave me a high five. ＂Wow, you did well, ＂she said. ＂I knew you’d go fast when you were ready.＂No one in the group had even broken a sweat, except me. I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. Karen claims I was showing off for the girls that day, and maybe she’s right. But I think I had something to prove. Because despite my wrinkles (皱纹), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart. And, like a horseon a warm summer day, I’m always ready to kick up my heels.1. How did the race between the girls and the author begin?A. His horse’s gallop made the other horses want to catch up.B. He wanted to show off his riding skills for the girls.C. They wanted to know whose horse could run fastest.D. They teased him about being afraid to go too fast on a horse.2. During the race, ___________.A. the author’s horse outran the girl’s horses the whole timeB. the author was confident that Tawny was in controlC. the girls were so anxious to win that they sweated a lotD. the author’s good performance took Taylor e by surprise3. When the race ended, the author’s heart pounded because ________.A. he was feeling thrilled and youngB. it was really tough exercise for himC. he was worried that the girls might be in dangerD. he felt quite embarrassed that he had lost the race4. The phrase ＂ kick up my heels＂ at the end can be replaced by _________.A. devote myselfB. enjoy myselfC. accept my challengeD. take part in running competition【文章大意】文章描述作者和两个女孩骑马比赛，这让作者感到兴奋，也感到虽然自己上了年纪，但是有一颗年轻的心。
【2019-2020】高考英语一轮复习练习题Unit1Friendship(含解析)新人教版必修1
【2019-2020】高考英语一轮复习练习题Unit1Friendship（含解析）新人教版必修1李仕才一、阅读理解。
During the last decade the number of people living past 100 has increased by 71 percent. While one expert believed this figure will continue to rise, he stated that anyone hoping to live for double or triple(三倍) this time will be disappointed. Speaking at a conference, Colin Blakemore, 70, a British scientist, claimed there is a ceiling on how long humans can live, and six score years “might be a real absolute limit to human lifespan. ”A group of scientists discussed the future of medicine, global health concerns and life expectancy. It agreed that medicines will have a limited impact on extending human life, and it was more important to improve the health and quality of life for older people, rather than prolonging it. The group also stated it was important to improve the life expectancy in poorer areas where people typically die much younger than other areas.The 2014 Global Age Watch Index(全球年龄指数), which ranks 96 nations on the quality of life for the elderly, recently stated that by 2050, the number of over 60s will be 21 percent of the global population. This is almost double the current figure of 12 percent. The percentage of over 80s is growing fastest, too—expected to rise from 2 percent now to 4 percent of the global population by 2050.While it could take years of research to extend humans’ lives, the study raises the possibility of anti-ageing treatments in a new way, according to Dr Kapahi.The research, reported in the journal Cell Reports, may explain why it has proved so difficult to identify single genes(基因) responsible for the long lives enjoyed by humans. “It’s quite probable that interactions b etween genes are critical in those fortunate enough to live very long, healthy lives, ” said Dr Kapahi. Future research is expected to use mice to see if the same effects occur in mammals.【文章大意】在过去十年里, 寿命达到100岁以上的老人的数量激增了71%。
2020高考英语一轮复习必修1：Unit 1 Friendship 综合提升训练附答案
2020高考一轮复习教材串讲必修1 Unit 1 Friendship练习Ⅰ.阅读理解In 1812,the year Charles Dickens was born,there were 66 novels published in Britain.People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages;the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors,often with something like “By a lady.”Novels,for the most part,were looked upon as silly,immoral or just plain bad.In 1870,when Dickens died,the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher,famous and beloved,who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to the top?For all the feelings readers attach to stories,literature is a numbers game,and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age,from 1837 to 1901;today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them.It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life.It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social,political and scientific progress.But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent,ambition,energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches,it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.1.Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A.They were difficult to understand.B.They were popular among the rich.C.They were seen as nearly worthless.D.They were written mostly by women.2.Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress .A.his reputation in FranceB.his interest in modern artC.his success in publicationD.his importance in literature3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To remember a great writer.B.To introduce an English novel.C.To encourage studies on culture.D.To promote values of the Victorian age.Ⅱ.完形填空(2019·江苏省溧水二模)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
【推荐】2019年高考英语一轮复习1.1Friendship讲含解析.doc
Word文档，精心制作，可任意编辑1.1 Friendship单元知识预览晨读范文背诵[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。
请你回复邮件,内容包括:1.到达时间;2.合适的礼物;3.餐桌礼仪。
注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】Dear Terry,How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to put forward some advice.Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice.If you have any other problems, please don't hesitate to contact me.Yours,Li Hua语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1．upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦，打乱(upset; upset)【教材原句】Your friend comes to school very upset.【例句研读】(1)I am upset about the bad news.我对那则坏消息感到________。
2019年高考英语一轮复习1.1Friendship(测)(含解析)
1.1 Friendship单元检测卷（时间50分钟；满分100分）班级_________________姓名_____________考号_________________得分_______________________I 语言知识及应用 (共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】（共20小题；每小题1.5分,满分30分）阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A Good ManIt’s a la te Saturday afternoon in early March, and I am sweating in search of the only gift my son wants from Los Angeles: a ___1___ to the homes of the stars such as Brad Pitt and Jet Li.A cheerful taxi driver says, “No problem. Map sellers are everywhere!” When the taxi stops, a fellow ___2___ with a thin folded sheet and says: “Ten dollars.”Ten dollars! With absolute ___3___, I inform him, “That’s too much.” The map man leaves. I begin walking, certain I’ll find a (an)____4__ star map soon.I am ___5___. There’s hardly anybody on the street. There don’t seem to be many real stores, just cars and bars. No maps. No stars. Blocks pass. The sun begins to sink. At the edge of West Hollywood,___6___ fellow wanders ahead, selling star maps to some teenage girls.Ten dollars ___7___. Forget it. My son will ___8___.That night, I call my wife. “Did you get one of those maps to the stars? He’s been talking about ___9___ else.”This ___10___ is hard to ignore, It’s late. At all-night markets: no maps. I head back to the hotel. Morning is coming. There will be one last ___11___. After I check out, I take a taxi. But at nine in the morning, map sellers are ___12___ to be found. “You know,” says the driver, “The guys with the maps just ain’t up yet!” He’s right.“Forget it. Let’s go to the airport.”“Well,” says the driver, “I could ___13___ you one if you like.”Sure. Trust this guy? I might as well throw cash onto the freeway. But exiting the taxi, I ___14___ my last chance. I hand him $13 and my business card. Three weeks pas s. I’ve ___15___ on the star map. My son has stopped mentioning it.Then one afternoon, sticking out from under piles of flyers, there it is: a big white envelope. There is a small note. I can hardly read it,___16___ I make out a few phrases一“forgive ___17___,” “taxi’s been down” and, finally, “here’s map for your son.” There’s no return address. It’s signed, “kind regards, M.”I hold the note in my hand,___18___ what my son said to me when I got back from Los Angeles.“Did you meet any ___19___, Dad?” he a sked.Now I know what to tell him.“Yes, I did. I met a guy named M.”If you never __20____ anybody, you’ll never find the good guys.1．A. decoration B. map C. book D. symbol2．A. argues B. requests C. competes D. approaches3．A. assurance B. permission C. anxiety D. bargain4．A. perfect B. inexpensive C. proper D. detailed 5．A. shocked B. confused C. impatient D. wrong6．A. one B. some C. another D. either7．A. still B. even C. almost D. yet8．A. believe B. regret C. understand D. admit9．A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing10．A. idea B. news C. change D. reason11．A. try B. journey C. action D. minute12．A. everywhere B. somewhere C. anywhere D. nowhere13．A. give B. mail C. show D. spare14．A. create B. recognize C. deserve D. blow15．A. given up B. thrown doubts C. refused offers D. dropped in 16．A. and B. or C. but D. for17．A. fault B. delay C. carelessness D. rudeness18．A. remembering B. reminding C. reviewing D. realizing 19．A. admirers B. friends C. stars D. heroes20．A. look up to B. turn to C. have faith in D. agree with 【答案】1．B2．D3．A4．B5．D6．C7．A8．C9．D10．B11．A12．D13．B14．B15．A16．C17．B18．A19．C20．C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit1Friendship分层演练直击高考新人教版必修
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit1Friendship分层演练直击高考新人教版必修Ⅰ阅读理解A(xx·惠州高三调研)Following the crowd may not always be in a person’s best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health.That’s true for both teens and adults. The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13. They interviewed each one every year for five years，and also spoke to these teens’ closest friends，who provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27. This time, the questions surveyed each person’s overall health. When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen’s behavior and adult health. Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults. Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health. Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults. The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight，family ine and drug use were all examined. So were mental health issues，such as anxiety and depression. And in these people，such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.Getting along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen, but there are also drawbacks. Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work. And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs. Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge，Allen acknowledges. “Finding the right balance is the key. Teens shouldn’t lose heart for not finding this easy.”And, he adds，“Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”【解题导语】研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。
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2019-2020年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.1Friendship真题回放含解析【真题回放】1. (2017北京）The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A.thatB. asC. whereD. when【答案】A【解析】句意：我们日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是形成伟大发明的灵感。
关系代词that引导定语从句，并且在定语从句中作meet 的宾语。
B、C、D三项无此用法。
2.（2017江苏）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A.whichB.it’sC.whoseD.whom【答案】C3. (2017天津）9. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A.thatB. whoseC. hisD. who【答案】B【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句，关系代词whose引导定语从句并且在定语从句中作work的定语,that,who在定语从句中不能作定语，his不能引导定语从句，故选B。
4. (2017天津）5. Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter ___________, get married, and have kids.A. settled downB. keep offC. get upD. cut in【答案】A考点：考查动词短语。
【名师点睛】辨析动词短语没有捷径，只有加强平时的记忆，包括动词本身的含义、一词多义以及词组的搭配，做题时要弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系再进行判断。
学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。
5. (2017天津）11. It was when I got back to my apartment ___________ I first came across my new neighbors.A. whoB. whereC. whichD. that【答案】D考点：考查强调句型。
【名师点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道题，去掉强调结构后是when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors，这句话是成立的，所以本句是强调句。
考生除了需要掌握强调句的一般形式，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问式和特殊疑问式，还有强调句中的语序问题。
6. (2016·北京)22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.A. whoseB. whyC. whereD. which【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。
a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple 是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。
考点：考查定语从句7.(2016·江苏)23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB.of themC.of whomD.of those【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。
本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom 指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。
故C项正确。
考点：考查定语从句8.( 2016天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather maybe better.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【答案】D【解析】考点：考查定语从句。
9.( 2016浙江)11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.A. whomB. whichC. whatD. that【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。
使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。
故选B。
考点：考查定语从句。
10. 2017全国I（语法填空）第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a methodof fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. Whenfat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ___67___ (be) fullof fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) betweenmeals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。
脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。
61. as 考查介词。
句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。
as表示“作为，以……身份”，故填as。
66. worse 考查比较级。
句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。
故填worse。
67. is 考查主谓一致。
句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。
fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
故填is。
68. eating 考查动名词。
句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。
根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填eating。
69. careful 考查形容词。
句意：然而，注意不要走极端。
分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。
句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。
分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。
11. 2017全国Ⅱ卷第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables ！答案Mr. and Mrs. Zhangall both work in our school. They live far from the school, and it takes them about an/onea hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that whichis on the rooftop of their house.They often get up earlier earlyand water the vegetables together. They have also bought for somegardening tools. beside besides, they often get some useful inf ormations inf ormation from the internet. Whensummer came come , they will invite their students topick the vegetables ！4.that 改为which:考查非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句需要用which 引导，故将that 改为which 。