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《2021关于加强临时用电管理通知.doc1[范文模版]》
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《xx关于加强临时用电管理通知.doc1[范文模版]》目前工程进行装修施工阶段。
而且即将进入雨季施工。
项目安全部在日常检查中，发现各施工单位临时用电管理比较混乱，乱拉乱接现象比较严重。
为了确保施工现场临时用电安全，防止触电和电气火灾的发生。
现要求各单位加强对施工现场临时用电的管理，对临时用电存在的不安全因素进行全面整改。
具体要求如下：1.进入本施工现场的用电设备，必须采用三级配电，二级漏电保护系统，采用tn—s接零保护系统。
2.各单位电工作业人员必须具有国家考核合格，持有效上岗证，操作证，通过安全教育培训和技术交底的专业人员。
才能从事施工用电作业。
严禁施工作业人员乱拉乱接。
3.施工现场采用的电缆线必须含有保护零线，其中绿/黄颜色为保护零线，蓝色为零线，严禁混用。
电缆线路应采用穿管或瓷珠架设。
严禁沿地面明设、拖地，及不采取任何保护措施。
4.配电箱应安装端正、牢固固定在电箱支架上。
配电箱必须分设n线端子板和pe线端子板。
每台用电设备必须有各自专用的开关箱。
严禁一个开关箱控制二台或二台以上的用电设备。
配电箱要标注、单位、责任人、编号。
接线必须规范。
分配电箱应装设总隔离开关，分路隔离，熔断器及漏电保护器。
5.特殊照明场所应采用安全电压供电。
潮湿场所的照明、电压不得大于24v。
变压器必须使用双绕组安全隔离变压器。
6.施工现场使用的电焊机必须配备专用的焊机保护器，焊机的接线要牢固，严禁随意搭在接线柱上。
并到项目安全部办理动火证，配备看火人，灭火器。
7.施工现场严禁使用地拖线，插板线、家用插座、花胶线、二芯线。
应配用带漏电保护的开关箱。
电源线应采用三芯电缆线。
8.电箱必须有防雨措施，破损的电箱必须更换。
电缆线架立地面。
严禁随意放在地上。
各施工队单位及班组接通知后立即安排专业电工进行整改，达到临时用电规范要求。
项目机电部、安全部（并邀请甲方、监理），将于xx年9月9日对施工现场临时用电的检查，对达不到整改要求的单位及班组，项目部将进行严厉批评及处罚。
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让抽象的物理知识鲜活起来教案背景:本节课内容涉及到很多杠杆的实例，而且有的例子还不能当堂演示（例如撬地球的例子），为了让学生更容易理解和接受，本课利用互联网强大的影音,图片,动画等资料把课本上所有静态的画面都做成了动态形式，让抽象的物理知识鲜活起来.并利用这些资料制成课件,效果非常好.教案课题:<杠杆>教材分析:本课为人教版初中物理教材第一册第十三章《简单机械杠杆》.本课的主要内容是认识杠杆、杠杆特征、力臂画法、平衡条件. 本节的重点在于杠杆的定义,力臂的划法及其平衡条件.它们同时也是本节的难点.为了让学生更容易理解和接受.教师在授课时可借助与互联网.使教学内容由抽象变得形象生动起来，为了做到这一点，本课件在动画的制作上力求做到色彩鲜明、动作逼真。
为了更有利于教师讲授和学生学习，课件中还设计了“参考资料”链接，对教学内容作必要的补充，这样，既便于教师备课和教学，又便于学生课前预习和课后复习和理解巩固。
此外，课件中还设计了一个实用的功能菜单，其中有“小小作品赏析”、“笑一笑十年少”、背景音乐选择、课件帮助、退出课件等项目，使课件功能更齐全，使用更方便。
课件中还设计了课件运行时间的显示，以便于师生掌握时间。
教学方法:本课用到的教学方法有:启发诱导,互助合作,共同探究,感受推理等.教学过程:课前予习: 请学生用2-3分钟的时间预习一下这这节。
然后,从互联网上找出与本节课有关的资料.引言：伟大的科学家阿基米德曾说过这样一句话：“如果给我一根足够长的杠杆和支点，我能撬起整个地球。
”这究竟是科学家的狂言呢？还是有一定的科学道理呢？杠杆为什么有这么大的力量呢？就让我们通过认真学习这节课找出答案，好吗？板书简单机械 -----杠杆其实古代人很早就知到利用杠杆了。
这是古埃及人修建金字塔的一个画面，请同学们看大屏幕：观察并回答，你从图中看到了什么？引导学生回答：许多人用木棒和凳子正在撬起一块大石块。
这根木棒就是这节我们要学习问题--杠杆。
幼儿园园长管理案例.doc1（推荐5篇）
幼儿园园长管理案例.doc1（推荐5篇）第一篇：幼儿园园长管理案例.doc 1幼儿园园长管理案例A幼儿与B幼儿是同桌，有一天，他们为了一件玩具吵了起来。
争吵之中，A幼儿在B幼儿的腿上抓了一道伤痕，B幼儿也不甘示弱地抓伤了A幼儿。
由于幼儿并没有向老师报告这件事，老师完全不知情，直到双方家长找到学校，老师则认为孩子已经交到了家长手中，幼儿又不曾向她报告，故把这件事置身事外，并没有对这件事进行调查和劝架的疏导工作，导致双方家长越吵越激烈，谁也不肯让谁。
分析与思考这起纠纷发生时园长已经离园。
园长在第二天上课时间获悉此事后，便立即采取补救与协调工作。
园长首先向两位幼儿的负责教师师了解事情的来龙去脉，再把两位幼儿叫到办公室来，在检查他们伤势后，详细对证事情发生的经过与两位幼儿在事情发生后的反应。
后来，园长电约双方家长亲临面谈。
园长先代表园方与幼儿的老师向他们道歉，并把事情的来龙去脉向双方家长叙述一遍，然后进行劝说，双方家长在园长的协调下，彼此敌意也渐趋缓和；他们都表示愿意冰释前嫌，A幼儿与B幼儿看见家长握手言和、重归于好，心中的恐惧与不安顿时消失，他们的脸上再现灿烂的笑容。
这起冲突与纠纷在园长的耐心调节与诚挚致歉的工作原则之下，终于取得了家长的谅解和接受，双方家长与幼儿带着舒畅与平静的心情离开了幼儿园。
我认为，针对此问题，所应采取的措施如下：1．强化岗位责任制园长有必要强化园内教师的岗位责任感，使教师明确其职责，增强责任感。
本案例中：家长的争吵虽然是发生在放学后的时间，但家长发生争吵的起因却是幼儿在园内发生的纠纷事件，教师本身应该自觉其责任意识，立即采取适当行动，让双方家长面对面地了解事情的真相，避免互相指责、谩骂。
教师需把握时机，让家长们心平气和地聆听解释，同时还要设法从中斡旋，促使大事化小、小事化无，而不是采取不闻不问、置身事外的态度以致把事情闹到警察局.2．明确幼儿园以保教或教养工作为中心的宗旨幼儿园应让家长明确幼儿园的任务是：依据保育和教育相结合的原则，对幼儿实施体、智、德、美等方面全面发展的教育，以促进幼儿身心的和谐发展。
英国文学作品分析Doc1
Song (John Donne)This poem chiefly concerns the lack of constancy in women. The tone taken is one of gentle cynicism and mocking. John Donne has lost his naive views of love. His confidence in the power of love has been waned and now he appears more cautious and almost bitter. Each stanza is nine lines, it allows for the more complex and abstract ideas, which are archetypal of metaphysical poetry.The first stanza is the most forceful, employing the imperative to achieve a sense of command. The second stanza is full of convoluted images and hyperbole; The final stanza begins in a sardonic manner. He appears to be expressing the opinion that a woman of character and beauty is implausible.On his blindness (John Milton)In this sonnet, the speaker meditates on the fact that he has become blind. He expresses his frustration at being prevented by his disability from serving God as well as he desires to. All the lines in the poem are in iambic pentameter. the first eight lines of this poem describe the poet’s meditation alone in the dark. The last six lines show the vast bright and infinite space, open the realm of the narrow, change the concept of pain into a calm tone. Form this poem, there will be more profound appreciation in life: there are many tremendously pain in life, the people with courage and wisdom, suffering the gate of torture in silence, never give up hope and stand.Tiger (William Blake)“the tiger” originally called “the tyger”, is a lyric poem focusing on the nature of God and his creations. It was published in a collection entitled songs of experience.The poem consists of six quatrains in rhymed couplets. the question in the final stanza repeats the wording of the first stanza.The poem is more about the creator of the tiger than it is about the tiger itself. in contemplating the terrible ferocity and awesome symmetry of the tiger, the speaker is at a loss to explain how the same God who made the lamb could make the tiger. Hence, humans are incapable of fully understanding the mind of God and the mystery of his handwork.A red red rose (Robert Burns)It is one of his famous songs that Robert burns wrote in the ballad meter. in this song, he expressed his deep love towards his lover.It is written in four-line stanzas. beginning with a quatrain containing two similes, the poet shows the beauty of his lover with happy, proud tone. the second and third stanza express the poet’s blazing love. the poet use the rhetorical device of incremental repetition to emphasis and musicality and it also help to subtend the poet’s unforgettable love. the final stanza shows his farewell to his lover again and a promise of return. “I will come again though it was ten thousand mile”, exaggerated words convey the poet’s infinitely affectionate feelings.I wondered lonely as a cloudThis poem was written by William Wordsworth, one of the most representative poet of the earlyromanticism. It consists of four six-line stanzas, in iambic tetrameter and an ABABCC rhyme scheme. At the beginning of the poem, Wordsworth compares himself to a cloud, enjoying freedom but suffering from loneliness. But the sight of a cloud of dancing daffodils makes him drunk. What's more, it brings him great courage to face depression and loneliness in the following days. Here,the daffodils is the nature. All the time,his poems concentrate on the relationship between human and nature.As William Wordsworth believed,nature can have greet healing power effect on the mind.The solitary reaperIt is written by William Wordsworth as a memorial of a tour in Scotland in 1803.This poem contains four stanzas of iambic tetrameter with a rhyme sch eme of ABABCCDD in each stanza. It describes a nameless listener'sdelight in a young woman's melancholy song, as reaping grain by herself in a Scottish valley. Her song, like a found poem, springs directly f rom nature. Her "music" runs like water"(overflowing" the valley) and surpasses the beauty of two celebrated English song-birds, the nightingale and the cuckoo. Whattransfixes him in song is not its content, but its emotionally expressive music. Despite its sadness, the song helps the speaker to Mount up the hill.She Walks in Beauty (Lord Byron )She walks in beauty is universally considered as one of Byron’s most powerful works . It is an eighteen-line lyric poem. As the title says, she walks in beauty, the main theme of the poem is the description of a beautiful lady, the enumeration of certain qualities that the author considers give her beauty . What’s more, the author uses images of light and darkness interacting to describe the wide spectrum of elements in a beautiful woman's personality and looks. The three six-line stanzas of this poem all follow the same rhyme scheme and the same metrical pattern . This poem rhyme ababab , cdcdcd, efefef. And the meter of this poem is iambic tetrameter.Ode to the west windThis is one of Shelley’s best known lyrics. The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of it. The final line of the poem, "If the winter comes, can Spring be far behind" has often been cited to illustrate Shelley’s optimistic belief in the future of mankind.This poem is an ode on freedom and revolution. The west wind symbolizes the revolution, which is both destroyer and preserver----it can destroy the old world and create a new world. Each of the seven parts of this poem contains five stanzas —four three-line stanzas and a two-line couplet, all metered in iambic pentameter with an scheme of ABA BCB CDC DED EE.Ode on a Grecian UrnEach of the five stanzas in “Grecian Urn” is ten lines long, metered in a relatively precise iambic pentameter, and divided into a two part rhyme scheme, the last three lines of which are variable. The first seven lines of each stanza follow an ABABCDE rhyme scheme, but the second occurrences of the CDE sounds do not follow the same order.In "Ode on a Grecian Urn" Keats talks about aesthetic beauty and perfection. The urn---art, represents beauty. Beauty is truth and so art also represents truth. Thepurpose of this is to exaggerate his message of timeless beauty. Keats also express sentimental feeling for the trees‘ condition, almost as if he is envious of their everlasting beauty. Tennyson: Break Break BreakThis short poem has been composed by Alfred Tennyson. In this poem the poet mourns the death of a dear friend who will never come back. It is an expression of his personal grief. But it is more than an individual cry of pain and despair. The whole lyric poem has a pleasing musical quality.In the first stanza, the poet depicts the picture of sea and its waves constantly striking against cold gray stones. In the second and third stanzas, the poet has drawn a picture of permanent and lasting images in contrast with temporariness of human life. In the last stanza, the poet expresses sorrow that the sweet memories of one’s life will finally become a part of the vanished past and will never come back. He will never feel the soft touch of that hand and will never hear that voice again.Shakespeare: sonnet 18Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespeare sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the characteristic thyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The major feature of this poem is analogy. It starts with a line of adoration to the beloved. The speaker then goes on to say that the beloved being described is both more lovely and more temperate than a summer’s day. The speaker lists some things that are negative about summer. It is too short and sometimes the sun shines too hot. However, the beloved being described has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer’s day. By putting his love’s beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever by the power of his written words.1. Daniel Defoe: Robinson CrusoeDaniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe is one of the forerunners of the English realistic novel. It creates the image of an enterprising Englishman, a typical of the English bourgeoisie of the 18th century. The whole book tells a story that the sole survivor of a shipwreck, Robinson Crusoe is isolated from civilization, he has to find ways to make a living all by himself. This novel is famous for its lovely details and its expression of belief in man’s ability when left alone in nature. And it also glorifies labor and the bourgeois men who has the courage and will to face hardship and determination to improve his livelihood. The protagonist, Robinson is a veritable picture of the self-made, hardworking puritan, believing in diligence and the work ethic, laboring from sunrise to sundown, and resourceful and creative with a thinking mind and a skillful pair hands.2. Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s TravelsGulliver’s travels is a novel written by the English author Jonathan Swift. It is one of the most famous literature of Satire. It tells a story of Lemuel Gulliver. When Lemuel Gulliver sets off from London on a sea voyage, little does he know the many incredible and unbelievable misadventures awaiting him. Swift uses Gulliver and his voyages primarily to examine problems with contemporary society, such as the evils of politics, humanity’sfrequent foolishness, and the importance of a thoughtful, self-aware, balanced perspective. In this sense, Gulliver’s Travels addresses issues that still worry people today.3. Jane Austen: Pride and PrejudicePride and Prejudice is the one of the representative works of Jane Austen, The story follows the main character Elizabeth Bennet as she deals with issues of manners, upbringing, morality, education, and marriage. Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy first met on a ball but they were both not satisfied with each other at the first sight. However, Mr. Darcy gradually fell in love with Elizabeth but he was turned down because of his pride. At last, she was able to give up her prejudice against Mr. Darcy and realized that she was also in love with him.It is one masterpiece on the theme of love and marriage. Through the true love between Darcy and Elizabeth, Jane Austen expresses her admiration toward the love established on understanding and sincerity. Besides, she reflects the countryside people’s conservative life attitude and English women’s desire for freedom of marriage.4. Oliver TwistOliver Twist, is the second novel by English author Charles Dickens. This passage tells us the terrible conditions in the English workhouse of the time and the cruel treatment of a poor orphan by the so-called “philanthropists”. Oliver was beaten up and punished merely because he ventured to ask for an extra portion of gruel to alleviate his gnawing hungry. This is one of the details to show the extreme brutality and corruption of the oppression and their agents under the mask of philanthropy. It is in scenes like this that we see the great critical realist writer Dickens voicing the helpless suffering of the poor and the oppressed.5. Wuthering HeightsWuthering Heights is Emily Bronte’s only novel. This is a story of love and revenge. Wuthering Heights reflects the truth that in the 19th century, the people who lived inthe capitalistic society were oppressed from spirit with the modality of artistic imagination. In this novel, there is not idealism and false comfort. The love between Heath cliff and Catherine is the greatest one in the world because their faithful love indomitably resists the old society which is controlled by the evil group. For avenging, he made the terrible plans and started a series of despicable actions. In the end, he gotall the w ealth, however, he lost his love, his conscience and he died with sadness and hatred. Novels reflect real life has shown a strong romantic color.6. TessTess of the d'Urbervilles is a novel by Thomas Hardy. Tess struggles all her life. The whole story is filled with a feeling of dismal and doom. The tragic of Tess and herfamily was not that of an individual family, but was symbolic of the disintegration ofthe English peasantry: a progress which had reached its final and tragic stage at theend of 19th century. In this work, Hardy’s pessimistic and naturalist view of life is fully expressed: Mankind is subjected to therule of some hostile and mysterious fate, which brings misfortune tohuman life. The novel also gives a fierce attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and destruction.7. The Picture of Dorian GrayThe Picture of Dorian Gray is a philosophical novel by the writer Oscar Wilde. An artist who is impressed and infatuated by Dorian’s beauty; he believes that Dorian’s beauty is responsible for the new mode in his art as a painter. But Dorian soon is enthralled by the aristocrat’s hedonistic worldview. Newly understanding that his beauty will fade, Dorian expresses the desire to sell his soul, to ensure that the picture, rather than he, will age and fade. The wish is granted, and Dorian pursues a libertine life of varied and amoral experiences; all the while his portrait ages and records every soul-corrupting sin. Throughout the story, the narrative presents aestheticism as an absurd abstraction, which disillusions more than it dignifies the concept of Beauty.8.ArabyIn “Araby,”the allure of new love and distant places mingles with the familiarity of everyday drudgery, with frustrating consequences. Mangan’s sister embodies this mingling, since sh e is part of the familiar surroundings of the narrator’s street as well as the exotic promise of the bazaar. The tedious events that delay the narrator’s trip indicate that no room exists for love in the daily lives of Dubliners. The story presents this frustration as universal: the narrator is nameless, the girl is always Mangan’s sister as though she is any girl next door, and the story closes with the narrator imagining himself as a creature. In “Araby,” Joyce suggests that all people experience frustrat ed desire for love and new experiences.。
船舶操作手册.doc1
目录目录……………………………………………………02—1/21 修改记录………………………………………………… 02—2/21 第一章船舶主要要素……………………………………02-3/21 第二章船舶及其设备的说明……………………………02—4/21 第三章检查浮力舱完整的程序…………………………02-6/21 第四章主机及其推进系统的说明和操作………………02—7/21 第五章辅助系统的说明和操作…………………………02—10/21 第六章遥控和警报系统的说明和操作…………………02—11/21 第七章电气系统…………………………………………02—12/21 第八章载荷程序…………………………………………02—13/21 第九章消防设备…………………………………………02—14/21 第十章无线电通讯导航设备使用注意事项……………02—15/21 第十一章损坏控制程序……………………………………02—17/21 第十二章救生设备的说明和操作…………………………02-18/21 第十三章开船前检查………………………………………02—19/21 第十四章维修、保养和上排………………………………02-21/21修改记录1、船名:xx号2、船旗国:中国3、船籍港：xx4、船舶所有人：xx5、建造厂:xx6、船级:中国船级社7、船舶总长：xxm8、船宽：xxm9、型深：xxm10、船体材料：增强纤维塑料11、干舷：xxmm12、结构形式：横骨架式13、总吨：xxT14、净吨:xxT第二章、船舶及其设备1、船体本船为双体、增强纤维塑料体，由二台发动机驱动，载客58名，抗风能力6级。
2、主机本船采用两台斯太尔发动机,主机的功率为205kw、转率为2100转/分.3、救生设备10人救生浮具3只；救生圈4只(30米救生浮索2只，带自亮浮灯1只)成年救生衣62件，儿童救生衣3件。
4、船行设备磁罗经:一台AIS：一部GPS：一台回声测深仪:一台舷灯2盏白桅灯1盏白航灯1盏白环照灯2盏红环照灯2盏黄、白闪光灯各1盏国旗1面DC24V/120dB号笛一具5、消防设备电消防泵1台（0.2MPa，13.8m3）应急消防泵2台消防栓2个消防水带及水枪1套消防桶2个太平斧1把手提式干粉灭火器7个6、通讯设备甚高频无线电话1部，型号IC-M505。
初中立定跳远课堂实录doc.doc1
七年年级体育课立定跳远课堂实录年级七年级人数57 日期教师yjc班级249班场地器材田径场粉笔周次课次教学内容立定跳远重点立定跳远中下肢与髋部肌肉协调快速用力，并与上肢的摆动相配合难点起跳时，膝、踝、髋三个关节的协调用力及爆发用力的能力教学目标认知目标：学生知道立定跳远的基本技术结构和一些基本的锻炼方法。
技能目标: 学生在学习立定跳远时，能体会并掌握预摆、起跳、腾空、落地缓冲的正确技术要领。
情感目标：学生在练习中发挥主动性、积极性，互相学习、互相帮助，增进友谊。
课的部分教学内容运动负荷教与学的活动组织与要求次数时间开始部分课堂常规：1.集合整队，检查并报告出勤人数，做好考勤登记2.师生相互问好3.宣布教学内容，提出本课教学目标与要求。
4.检查服装及请假单或见习条，询问伤、病情况，安排见习生2~3分钟教法：1．教师提前到场，准备场地和器材2．教师用口令指挥3.从左至右按高矮次序依次报数4.明确本节课的内容和要求。
学生：体育委员协助快速整队集合。
组织：迅速集合学生，组织全班成4列队横队站立集合队形：××××××××××××××××○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○△要求：集合要快、静、齐，精神饱满！准备部分一．绕田径场慢跑三圈二．准备活动原地徒手操：1.头部运动1~15分钟教法：成一列纵队绕场慢跑，体育委员带队，位于队首，带领队伍慢跑行进教法：1．正面示范领操，简要讲解各练习要点组织：跑步队形：○○○××××要求：慢跑时队伍整齐、步伐一致，保持队形组织：体操队形：三列横队体预备姿势：直立第一个8拍：①两脚开立与肩同宽，两手叉腰，头向前点②头向后点③头向左④头向右⑤—⑧同①—④第二个8拍同第一个8拍第三个8拍：①—④头逆时针转⑤—⑧头顺时针转第四个8拍同第三个8拍2扩胸振臂运动预备姿势：双脚开立①-②是双肘胸前平曲扩胸，③-④双手侧平举扩胸。
骨科医院会诊制度.doc1
巴中骨科医院会诊制度（2014年修订）一、会诊要求（一）患者入院后不能及时确诊的病例，或者在诊疗过程中患者出现病情变化，经过经治医师诊断治疗无效或紧急需要其他科室协助诊断治疗或需要转科转院的病例或患者及其亲属对治疗结果有异议的，而需要院内、外技术支持，协助诊治的，均应及时申请会诊。
申请会诊的医师应填写《会诊申请单》、《会诊通知单》、《会诊记录》。
但是，在紧急情况下应先电话申请会诊和发出会诊通知，随后补填。
（二）除急诊会诊可口头申请并需明确记录口头通知时间外，科间、院内会诊需由申请会诊科室将《会诊通知单》送达应邀会诊科室和会诊医师。
急诊会诊也应及时填写《会诊申请单》、《会诊通知单》和《会诊记录》，以便会诊医师签署会诊意见和作为医疗活动的依据。
对病情允许能自由移动、或者需要特殊器械和检查场地的患者，可由申请会诊的科室事先与应邀科室协商好，并指定专人携带病历陪同患者到应邀科室会诊。
（三）科间、科内、院内、院外的会诊，由申请会诊的科主任主持，由经治医师报告病历及会诊理由，做好会诊前的准备和《会诊记录》。
会诊中，要详细检查病情，发扬学术民主作风，明确提出会诊意见。
主持人进行会诊小结，并及时认真组织实施诊疗措施。
（四）院内、院外会诊，由经治医师申请，科主任同意，将《会诊申请单》报医务科请示院领导同意后，决定会诊日期，邀请或通知参加会诊的医院、科室和人员，业务副院长和医务科长应参加会诊。
（五）任何科室或个人不得以任何理由或借口拒绝按正常途径邀请的各种会诊要求。
（六）《会诊记录》及时整理归入病历。
（七）会诊前，因病人情况特殊或诊疗技术等因素，申请会诊医师不能够提出明确的会诊理由或诊疗意见时，应及时向上级医师或科主任报告，上级医师或科主任应对申请会诊的医师提出指导性意见，上级医师或科主任直接参与会诊。
（八）会诊结束时，申请会诊医师应同会诊医师一道，在遵守保护性医疗制度的原则下将患者的病情、医疗风险和诊疗意见告知患者及其亲属，解答患方咨询。
圆 亲.doc1
圆亲欧昌海我家的亲戚，有的在贵州新庄坝德，有的在重庆洪安贵棚、梯子岩，有的在湖南茶峒、花垣城西，小时候随父辈走亲，看过很多边区各地的结婚闹热，唯苗、汉土家杂居的边城茶峒人的结婚闹热最引起我童年的回忆。
“那年，后山的柿子熟透了，我父亲说：“茶峒姑母家的儿快结婚了。
’’我妈对他说：“你是舅舅，砍柴卖也要给外甥披红戴花。
"日子到了，我父亲挑着装包谷酒的坛子，酒缸子上面放着彩布和金质的花，我妈拉着我一起去表哥家吃喜酒。
吃喜酒得看结婚闹热，又得吃大米饭，一路上我非常高兴。
到姑母家的第二天早上，头戴插着金花的博士帽、身穿长衫、肩披红彩的表哥在堂屋中等候，不久，街那头传来锣声、唢呐声，花轿来了，表哥家放着鞭炮迎接，等道师先生在花轿前回了喜神，退邪后，花轿抬到堂屋前。
看热闹的人越来越多，我也挤进去，只见堂屋中大桌子上，点起一对龙凤大蜡烛和长香，并摆上酒和猪肝，地上铺起红毯，神龛上香烟缕缕。
屋外锣声有节奏地响着，大桌旁的两位八仙师吹起悠悠扬扬的唢呐，鞭炮声响个不停。
两位阿姨开轿门．搀出头搭蒙蒙帕的新娘，一位阿娘端着筛子，筛子里点青油“齐心灯"在前引路，一位阿姨搀着新娘跨过门槛来到堂屋中央，端筛子的阿姨把筛子放在大桌子下，也来搀扶新娘子与新郎同拜天地，拜祖宗。
阿姨又抬来一条凳子放在大桌子前，让新娘、新郎坐定，两位阿姨一个端一杯酒，一个用筷子夹猪肝，同劝新娘、新郎喝“合心酒’’，吃“合心菜’’糯米饭。
两位阿姨同念道：“酒肉端在手，新娘、新郎喝个够，喝上一口，香甜在口；喝上两口，吃穿都有；喝上三口，富贵长久；夫妻二人，和睦相好，永无分手。
"小孩们乘阿姨扶着新娘同新郎进入洞房之机，哄抢猪肝，引起满堂大笑，多热闹啊!我又钻进房去看个究竟，只见表哥在床边揭开新娘头上搭的蒙蒙帕，现出表嫂的真面目。
两位阿姨奉承道：“新人进洞房，成对成双，夫妻齐眉同到老，百子千孙福寿好。
’’阿姨又去端来一盆洗脸水，先请新郎新娘同洗“和气脸"，再将这盆洗脸水端出去给新娘进屋时躲新娘的姑爷、姑母一家大小洗和气脸。
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设计课題：数控车床主传动分级变速箱设计
一、设计基本参数：
（1）某数控车床，主轴最高转速N max=4000r/min，最低转速N min=40r/min，计算转速160r/min。
（2）采用直流电动机，电动机功率N电=7.5kw，电动机额定转速为N d =1500r/min，最高转速4500r/min，最低转速140r/min。
二、设计内容：
（1）设计分级变速箱的传动系，画出其轨迹图和功率特性图。
（2）设计变速箱内部零件及电动机、主轴箱连接件。
（3）画变速箱装配图1张（0#）、零件图3张（带轮、齿轮、轴各1）（3#）。
（4）设计说明书。
三、设计要求：
（1）设计总体方案（计算变速箱级数，作转速图、功率特性图、拟定主传动系、图）。
（2）零件设计、各轴设计（可以不进行变扭组合强度计算）各齿轮设计、滚动轴承设计、带轮、联轴器设计、箱体设计计算。
（3）画装配图（可以只画展开图）、零件图。
（4）设计说明书内容：课题分析、总体方案设计、零件设计、使用安装说明、课题总结。
设计机械零件的一般步骤：
1.根据机器的具体运转情况和简化的计算方案确定零件的载荷。
2.根据零件工作情况的分析，判定零件的失效形式，从而确定其计算准则。
3.进行主要参数选择，选定材料，根据计算准则求出零件的主要尺寸，考虑热处理皮
结构工艺性要求等。
4.进行结构设计。
5.绘制零件工作图，制订技术要求，编写计算说明书及有关技术文件。
对于不同的零件和工作条件，以上这些设计步骤可以有所不同。
此外，在设计过程中，这些步骤又是相互交错、反复进行的。
应当指出，在设计机械零件时往往是将较复杂的实际工作情况进行一定的简化，才能应用力学等理论解决机械零件的设计计算问题。
因此，这种计算或多或少带有一定的条件或假定性，称为条件性计算。
机械零件设计基本上是按条件性计算进行的，如注意到公式的适用范围，一般计算结果具有一定的可靠性，并充分考虑了机械零件的安全性。
机械产品设计应满足以下几方面的基本要求：
1、实现预定功能
设计的机器能实现预定的功能，并在规定的工作条件下、规定的工作期限内能正常运行。
2、满足可靠性要求
机器由许多零件及部件组成，其可靠度取决于零部件的可靠度。
机械系统的零部件越多，其可靠度也就越低，因此在设计机器时应尽量减少零件数目。
但就目前而言，对机械产品的可靠度难以提出统一的考核指标。
3、满足经济性要求
经济性指标是一项综合性指标，要求设计及制造成本低、机器生产率高、能源和材料耗费少维护及管理费用低等。
4、操作系统要简便可靠，有利于减轻操作人员的劳动强度。
要有各种保险装置以消除由于误操作而引起的危险，避免人身及设备事故的发生。
5、造型美观、减少污染
运用工业艺术造型设计方法对机械产品进行工业造型设计，使所设计的机器不仅使用性能好、尺寸小价格低廉而且外形美观，富有时代特点。
机械产品的造型直接影响到产品的销售和竞争力，在当前机械设计中是一个不容忽视的环节。
尽可能地降低噪声，减轻对环境的汚染。
噪声也是反映机械质量的一个综合指标。
齿轮传动的特点：
齿轮传动用来传递任意两轴之间的运动和动力，其圆周速度可达到300m/s，传递功率可达10km，齿轮直径可从1mm到150m以上，是现代机械中应用最广一种机械传动。
齿轮传动与摩擦轮和带轮传动相比主要有以下优点：（1）传递动力大、效率高；（2）寿命长，工作平稳，可靠性高；（3）能保证恒定的传动比，能传递任意夹角两轴间的运动。
它的主要缺点有：（1）制造、安装精度要求高，因而成本也较高；（2）不宜作轴间距离过大的传动。
主传动系设计应满足的基本要求
机床主传动系因机床的类型、性能、规格尺寸等因素的不同，应满足的要求也不一样。
设计机床主传动系时最基本的原则就是以最经济、合理的方式满足既定的要求。
在设计时应结合具体机床进行具体分析。
一般应满足下述基本要求：
(1)足机床使用性能要求。
首先应满足机床的运动特性，如机床的主轴有足够的转速范围和转速级数（对于主传动为直线运动的机床，则有足够的每分钟双行程数范围及变速级数）。
传动系设计合理，操纵方便灵活、迅速、安全可靠等。
（2）满足机床递动力要求。
主电动机和传动机构能提供和传递足够的功率和转矩，具有较高的传动效率。
（3）满足机床工作性能的要求。
主传动中所有零部件要有足够的刚度、精度和抗振性，热变形特性稳定。
（4）满足产品设计经济性的要求。
传动链尽可能简短，零件数目要少，以便节省材料，降低成本。
（5）调整维修方便，结构简单、合理，便于加工和装配。
防护性能好，使用寿命长。
主传动系的传动方式主要有两种：集中传动方式和分离传动方式。
1、集中传动方式
主传动系的全部传动和变速机构集中装在同一个主轴箱内，称为集中传动方式。
其特点是结构紧凑，便于实现集中操纵，安装调整方便。
缺点是这些高速运转的传动件在运转过程中所产生的振动，将直接影响主轴的运转平稳性；传动件所产生的热量，会使主轴产生热变形，使主轴回转轴线偏离正确位置而直接影响加工精度。
这种传动方式适用于普通精度的大中型机床。
2、分离传动方式
主传动系中的大部分的传动和变速机构装在远离主轴的单独变速箱中，然后通过带传
动将运动传到主轴箱的传动方式，称为分离传动方式。
其特点是变速箱各传动件所产生的振动和热量不能直接传给或少传给主轴，从而减少主轴的振动和热变形，有利于提高机床的工作精度。
根据课题要求选择分离传动方式
1、转速图
转速图可以表示出传动轴的数目，传动轴之间的传动关系，主轴的各级转速值及其传动路线，各传动轴的转速分级和转速值，各传动副的传动比等。
在设计和分级变速主传动系时，会用到转速图这个工具。
转速图是由一些互相平行和垂直的格线组成。
其中，距离相等的一组竖线代表各轴，轴号写在上面，从左向右依次标注“电”、I、II、III、IV等分别表示电动机轴、I轴、II轴、III轴、IV轴。
竖线间的距离不代表各轴间的实际中心距。
距离相等的一组水平线代表各级转速，与各竖饯的交点代表各轴的转速。
由于分级变速机构的转速是按等比级数排列的，如纵坐标是对数坐标，则相邻水平线的距离是相等的，表示的转速之比是等比级数的公比ζ。
根据设课题基本参数可得：
主轴要求的恒功率调速范围为
R n N=4000/160=25
电动机可达到的恒功率调速范围为
R dn=4500/1500=3
机械分级变速箱的变速范围为
R f=R nN／R dN＝8.3333≈9
在设计分级变速箱时，考虑机床结构复杂程度，运转平稳性要求等因素，变速箱公比的选取有下列三种情况：
1）取变速箱的公比ζf等于电动机的恒功率调速范围R dN，即ζf＝R dN，功率特性图是连续的，无缺口和无重合。
如变速箱的变速级数为Z则主轴的恒功率变速范围：
变速箱的变速级数Z可由下式算出：
2）若要简化变速箱结构，变速级数应少些，变速箱公比ζf可取大于电动机的恒功率调速范围R dN，即ζ f ＞ R dN。
这时，变速箱每档内有部分低转速只能恒转矩变速，主传动系功率特性图中出现“缺口”范围内的转速时，为限制转矩过大，得不到电动机输出的全部功率。
为保证缺囗处的输出功率，电动机的功率应相应增大。
主轴的恒功率变速范围R nN 为
3）如果数控机床为了恒线速切削需在运转中变速时，取变速箱公比小于电动机的功
率变速范围，即，在主传动功率特性图上有小段重合，这时变速箱的变速级数将増多，仍可由下式算出。