人教版新课标高三英语一轮复习语法讲解 句子成分32张ppt
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高考英语一轮复习语法精讲精练英语句子结构和成分分析
第一章英语句子结构和成分分析英语属于结构性语言。
英语的句子成分要按照特定的顺序（句子结构）来组织。
特定的句子成分要用特定的词性或语法结构来充当，特定的词性或语法结构只能充当特定的成分。
因此，要学好英语，一定要掌握好词性、句子成分和句子结构等内容。
学好这些内容是学习好其他语法知识的基础。
第1讲相关概念考点1. 词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词口诀：n.为名，v.为动；adv.副adj.形；prep.借，pron.代；num.数a rt.冠，conj.连interj.感叹考点2. 及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。
) He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。
)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
A.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。
如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>B.有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。
高考英语一轮复习英语语法专题复习名词性从句讲解教学课件-PPT
真题解析
His presentation will show you contexts. A. that you have observed B. that how you have observed C. how that you have observed D. how what you have observed
模拟题解析
As they usually receive the same score in standardized
examinations, there is often disagreement as to
is the
better student, Bob or Helen.
A. which
better student, Bob or Helen.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
【解析】句意为“因为鲍勃和海伦在考试中总是得到同样的分数， 所以关于他们俩谁是更好的学生，总是有分歧”。
宾语从句 Object Clause
(2) 宾语从句的位置： a. 放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)之后
宾语从句 Object Clause
(2) 宾语从句的位置： c. 可由形式宾语it代替，而从句本身放在句子末尾。
(1) 宾语从句的连接词★ ： a. 由that引导； b. 由whether/if引导； c. 由连接代词what, which, who, whatever, whichever, whoever等引导； d. 由连接副词when, where, why, how等引导。
真题解析
【2016阅读】 He hopes that whoever finds the loot will relish the riches and the adventure of finding them.
人教新课标高考英语一轮复习定语从句教学课件(共29张PPT)
Huawei company, gains much popularity.
P30
• It is a food. • It is a traditional Chinese food. • It is a traditional Chinese food, which is made of
rice wrapped by bamboo leaves.
Journey to the West is an interesting novel. It is popular with teenagers. Journey to the West is an interesting novel w__h_ic_h_/_t_h_a_t is popular with teenagers.
No. 1 先行词与从句紧密相连的是__限__制__性定语从 句，如果去掉，则意思含糊不清；而No. 2先行词 与从句被_逗__号_隔开的是非__限__制__性_定语从句，它对 主句起_补__充__说_明_的作用。如果去掉，不会影响全 句的理解。
Practice
• 区分下列几组句子的不同含义： • Her brother who is now a soldier always
T.hought is the key.
It unlocks the door of success.
Thought is the key_w_h__ic_h_/_th_a_t_ unlocks the door of success.
Step 5 Summarize the usages of relative pronou
and cheif executive officer(CEO) of Huawei.
P30
• It is a food. • It is a traditional Chinese food. • It is a traditional Chinese food, which is made of
rice wrapped by bamboo leaves.
Journey to the West is an interesting novel. It is popular with teenagers. Journey to the West is an interesting novel w__h_ic_h_/_t_h_a_t is popular with teenagers.
No. 1 先行词与从句紧密相连的是__限__制__性定语从 句，如果去掉，则意思含糊不清；而No. 2先行词 与从句被_逗__号_隔开的是非__限__制__性_定语从句，它对 主句起_补__充__说_明_的作用。如果去掉，不会影响全 句的理解。
Practice
• 区分下列几组句子的不同含义： • Her brother who is now a soldier always
T.hought is the key.
It unlocks the door of success.
Thought is the key_w_h__ic_h_/_th_a_t_ unlocks the door of success.
Step 5 Summarize the usages of relative pronou
and cheif executive officer(CEO) of Huawei.
高考英语一轮复习——句子结构(共69张PPT)
Ｖ （不及物动词）
flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing have gone
Your father is standing there. His teacher came in with a book in his hand. The bus started and arrived there at eight
➢你可否把书单用电子邮件发给我？
Can you e-mail me the book list?
➢把那本书扔给我。
Throw me that book.
基本句型 五 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及 物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整 的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语， 才能使意思完整。
补语
补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特
征。
可以用做补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、 分词、介词短语等.
Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补） He is called Jack.（主补）
主语 及物动词 宾语
宾补
1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I
主语 谓语 间接宾语
直接宾语
或：
She gave her telephone number to me.
主语 谓语
直接宾语
间接宾语
◆间接宾语放后面时要在其前加”to” 或 “for”
1） I showed him the photo yesterday.
高考一轮复习之句子成分精讲(共22张)
• ( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
• A. Now there the man
B. The man here now
• C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now
• ( ) 2. The weather ____.
象(似乎)是/保持 • look / feel / taste / smell / sound / …看/感觉/尝/
闻/听起来(上去) • become / turn / get / grow / …变得
• 例如： • His job is to teach English.（不定式） • My sister is a nurse.（名词） • They were at home.（介词短语） • She got angry. （形容词） • Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）
句子成分：
• 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英 语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同， 可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语， 状语，宾语补语。
• 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什 么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代 词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
• 例如:
• Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行 车。
•
间接宾语 直接宾语
• Our teacher told us an interesting story.
•
间接宾语 直接宾语
• 宾语补足语: 在宾语的后面补充说明宾语的动作、 状态、特征。英语中有些及物动词的后边，还要 有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补 可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词 短语和从句充当。
高三英语语法总复习句子成分和基本句型讲解PPT课件
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表语：
• 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动 名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面．
I am a teacher.
She is happy.
Everybody is here.
They are at home now.
getting cold. He often went hungry.
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3.能用不定式作表语的系动词有：appear， seem ， get， prove， remain， turn out等。
She appears/ seems to be very young.
• 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式， 现在分词和过去分词充当． • If you let me go, I’ll make you king.
• Leave the door open.
•We found John out when we arrived.
• Make yourself at home.
第19页共81页20218120系动词后的表语可以是名词系动词后的表语可以是名词代词代词数词数词形容形容分词分词动名词动名词不定式不定式副词副词介词短语介词短语词组词组从句从句系动词系动词bebe可用于上述所有情况可用于上述所有情况
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什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
H语e充d当id，it也c可ar由e从fu句lly来. 充 当 ．
Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.
高三英语一轮复习英语语法基本概念(十大词类;句子成分;基本句型;句子类型)课件(4)
英语语法基本概念
十大词类、句子成分、基本句型、句子类型
制作：吴明科
PART 01
十大词类
句子都是由单词组成的。英语单词根据词类或词性(Parts of Speech)可分为：
实词 Notionat Word
名词 Noun 代词 Pronoun 动词 Verb 形容词 Adjective 副词 Adverb 数词 Numeral
No. 8 同位语
1.This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. （ 名词 ） 2. The news that Premier Li Keqiang passed away on Oct.27 made Chinese people deeply sad. （ 同位语从句 ）
主语+复杂及物动词+宾语+宾补
5. 非“动作”
Michael is tall.
主语+系动词+表语
连系动词
Michael is in the room.
Michael looks tall.
SV SVO SVOO SVOC SVP
Five basic patterns of sentences
•Subject + Verb(SV) Michael sleeps. •Subject + Verb + Predicative(SVP) Michael likes you. •Subject + Verb + Object (SVO) I teach you English. •Subject + Verb + Indirect object+ Direct object( SVOO) I consider you smart. •Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement ( SVOC) Michael is tall.
十大词类、句子成分、基本句型、句子类型
制作：吴明科
PART 01
十大词类
句子都是由单词组成的。英语单词根据词类或词性(Parts of Speech)可分为：
实词 Notionat Word
名词 Noun 代词 Pronoun 动词 Verb 形容词 Adjective 副词 Adverb 数词 Numeral
No. 8 同位语
1.This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. （ 名词 ） 2. The news that Premier Li Keqiang passed away on Oct.27 made Chinese people deeply sad. （ 同位语从句 ）
主语+复杂及物动词+宾语+宾补
5. 非“动作”
Michael is tall.
主语+系动词+表语
连系动词
Michael is in the room.
Michael looks tall.
SV SVO SVOO SVOC SVP
Five basic patterns of sentences
•Subject + Verb(SV) Michael sleeps. •Subject + Verb + Predicative(SVP) Michael likes you. •Subject + Verb + Object (SVO) I teach you English. •Subject + Verb + Indirect object+ Direct object( SVOO) I consider you smart. •Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement ( SVOC) Michael is tall.
高三英语一轮复习基本句子成分课件(1)
1. During the 1990s, American country music has become
more and more popular. 名词短语 2. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式
3. Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词
状语从句
让步状语
6. If something happens, let me know.
状语从句 条件状语
Sentence Analysis
Analyse the structure of following sentences
1. Workshops and seminars featuring speakers in academic fields further enrich the learning experience.
Find out the Predicative in following sentences
1. I felt happy that their life had improved. 系动词+adj
2. The duty of a soldier is to defend his country.
hard-earned.
形容词
2. When we get out of these woods, you'll see her candle
shining in the window. 动名词 正在进行 主动
3. I saw you put the key in your pocket.
动词原形 全过程 主动
实义动词
英语语法：英语句子成分分析课件
My head aches.
主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P)
The song sounds nice.
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S+V+O) She knows French. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 (S+V+O1+O2) He showed me a TV set. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+C) They won’t let me go.
• 转折并列连词： but,however,while,yet • 因果并列连词: for,so
• 选择并列连词: or,either…or
复合句:主句+从句 主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。
从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个 主句连用，不能独立存在.
一、备考策略务必精准
高三备考的不同阶段，目标和任务各不相同，就像打仗一样，攻克不同的 山头有不同的打法，只有抓住要领，才能打赢主动仗。 一是细化“作战地图”
从现在到一模考试前，主要任务是过课本、串教材，把基础知识再夯实， 为专题复习奠定坚实基础。各学科组教师要认真学习新课程、新课标、《中国 考试评价体系及说明》和近三年高考原题，把高考考点和试题变化点做成“作 战地图”，平时考试、练习要对照“作战地图”进行选题，并在“作战地图” 上一一标注，确保考点训练无死角、考点覆盖无遗漏。 二是组织集体攻坚
简单句 (simple sentence)
A.只包含一个主谓结构
B. Mary opened the door.
C.B.两个主语和一个谓 语
主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P)
The song sounds nice.
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 (S+V+O) She knows French. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 (S+V+O1+O2) He showed me a TV set. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+C) They won’t let me go.
• 转折并列连词： but,however,while,yet • 因果并列连词: for,so
• 选择并列连词: or,either…or
复合句:主句+从句 主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。
从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个 主句连用，不能独立存在.
一、备考策略务必精准
高三备考的不同阶段，目标和任务各不相同，就像打仗一样，攻克不同的 山头有不同的打法，只有抓住要领，才能打赢主动仗。 一是细化“作战地图”
从现在到一模考试前，主要任务是过课本、串教材，把基础知识再夯实， 为专题复习奠定坚实基础。各学科组教师要认真学习新课程、新课标、《中国 考试评价体系及说明》和近三年高考原题，把高考考点和试题变化点做成“作 战地图”，平时考试、练习要对照“作战地图”进行选题，并在“作战地图” 上一一标注，确保考点训练无死角、考点覆盖无遗漏。 二是组织集体攻坚
简单句 (simple sentence)
A.只包含一个主谓结构
B. Mary opened the door.
C.B.两个主语和一个谓 语
人教版英语一轮复习知识点复习讲解课件选修ppt
4 ． The new presidentቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱis seen to be unreliable on foreign________(事务)．
5．The minister was ________(陪伴) by his secretary to the hospital.
6．It's right for us to show ________(同情) for the poor. 7．He passed through a difficult period shortly after his ________ (婚姻) broke down.
Li Na announced her
retirement via Sina Weibo on Friday morning.
2．(教材 P11)As she turned around，there stood Gladys Claffern.
她刚一转过身来，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。
[句式仿写] 那会儿，什么都没发生。之后大家一起欢 呼起来。
1 单词拓展识记 一、单词与派生 1．satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物 → satisfactory adj.令人满意的→ satisfy v．使感到满意 2． alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n．警报；惊恐 → alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的 3． favour n．喜爱；恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的→ favourite n．最喜爱的人/物 adj. 最喜欢的
8．There was little time left.He had to walk，________ run to the office.
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traveling.(名词作主语)
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• ③[2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]To bring a small gift is a good idea.＝It is a good idea to bring a small gift.(动词不定式作主 语)
• ④[2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 a．m. next Friday.(从句作主语)
simple and dull. • ④We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. • ⑤[2018·高考浙江卷书面表达]What's more, I have some
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• ①[2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]I can give a brief introduction of these masterpieces from the perspective of a native speaker of China. (“情态动 词＋实义动词”作谓语)
者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。 • 2.主语的成分：主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、
动名词或从句等充当，一般用双横线“=”标出。 • ①[2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]You can watch them in your spare
time.(代词作主语) • ②[2019·北京卷书面表达]Transportation matters so much while
• ②[2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]I have good news to tell you that a music festival will be held in our school hall on June 5 at 2：00 pm. (实义动词作谓语)
• ③[2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]I am good at English and familiar with Chinese paintings. (系表结构作谓 语)
• ⑤Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us.(动名词短语作主语)
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• 即练：用双横线“==== ”标出下列句子的主语。 • ①[2019·江苏卷书面表达]What's more, the traditional Chinese dress can't reflect the
from our school to your Chinese class.
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• 答案
• ①What's more, the traditional Chinese dress can't reflect the unique culture of our school.
• ②I'm pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner. • ③Different people like different seasons; my favourite season is
unique culture of our school.
• ②[2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]I'm pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner.
• ③[2016·高考四川卷书面表达]Different people like different seasons; my favourite season is spring.
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三、谓语
• 1.概念：
• 谓语是用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征的 词，一般用单横线“____”标出。
• 2.作谓语的动词：
• (1)实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称 和数的变化
• (2)系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓 语
• (3)助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动 词/情态动词＋实义动词”可以作谓语
句子成分
高三英语一轮复习
2
1
一、句子成分的含义及分类
• 1.含义：句子由各个组成部分构成，这 些组成部分叫作句子成分。
• 2.分类：句子成分可分为主语、谓语、 宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同 位语等。
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二、主语
• 1.概念 • 主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行
• ④[江西卷书面表达]To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn. • ⑤[2015·高考天津卷书面表达]What I am going to tell you is about donating books
spring. • ④To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn. • ⑤What I am going to tell you is about donating books from our
school to your Chinese class.
2020/7/7
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• 即练：用单横线“____”标出下列句子的谓语。 • ①Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer. • ②When he got up at 7：00 a．m., a big plan occurred to him. • ③The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too
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• ③[2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]To bring a small gift is a good idea.＝It is a good idea to bring a small gift.(动词不定式作主 语)
• ④[2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 a．m. next Friday.(从句作主语)
simple and dull. • ④We may have different opinions in organizing class activities. • ⑤[2018·高考浙江卷书面表达]What's more, I have some
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• ①[2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]I can give a brief introduction of these masterpieces from the perspective of a native speaker of China. (“情态动 词＋实义动词”作谓语)
者，除倒装句外，一般位于句子的开头。 • 2.主语的成分：主语通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、
动名词或从句等充当，一般用双横线“=”标出。 • ①[2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]You can watch them in your spare
time.(代词作主语) • ②[2019·北京卷书面表达]Transportation matters so much while
• ②[2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]I have good news to tell you that a music festival will be held in our school hall on June 5 at 2：00 pm. (实义动词作谓语)
• ③[2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]I am good at English and familiar with Chinese paintings. (系表结构作谓 语)
• ⑤Forming a good habit in our daily life is of great benefit to us.(动名词短语作主语)
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• 即练：用双横线“==== ”标出下列句子的主语。 • ①[2019·江苏卷书面表达]What's more, the traditional Chinese dress can't reflect the
from our school to your Chinese class.
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• 答案
• ①What's more, the traditional Chinese dress can't reflect the unique culture of our school.
• ②I'm pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner. • ③Different people like different seasons; my favourite season is
unique culture of our school.
• ②[2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达]I'm pleased to know your Chinese friend has invited you to dinner.
• ③[2016·高考四川卷书面表达]Different people like different seasons; my favourite season is spring.
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三、谓语
• 1.概念：
• 谓语是用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征的 词，一般用单横线“____”标出。
• 2.作谓语的动词：
• (1)实义动词(短语)可以单独作谓语，有时态、人称 和数的变化
• (2)系动词不能单独作谓语，系表结构才可以作谓 语
• (3)助动词和情态动词也不能单独作谓语，“助动 词/情态动词＋实义动词”可以作谓语
句子成分
高三英语一轮复习
2
1
一、句子成分的含义及分类
• 1.含义：句子由各个组成部分构成，这 些组成部分叫作句子成分。
• 2.分类：句子成分可分为主语、谓语、 宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同 位语等。
2020/7/17
2
二、主语
• 1.概念 • 主语是句子的主体，用于说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行
• ④[江西卷书面表达]To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn. • ⑤[2015·高考天津卷书面表达]What I am going to tell you is about donating books
spring. • ④To get along well with others is the second thing you should learn. • ⑤What I am going to tell you is about donating books from our
school to your Chinese class.
2020/7/7
8
• 即练：用单横线“____”标出下列句子的谓语。 • ①Half an hour later, I managed to find the correct answer. • ②When he got up at 7：00 a．m., a big plan occurred to him. • ③The watch is necessary in our daily life, but its function is too