纯电动汽车外文翻译
新能源汽车外文文献翻译
文献出处：Moriarty P, Honnery D. The prospects for global green car mobility[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008, 16(16): 1717-1726.原文The prospects for global green car mobilityPatrick Moriarty, Damon HonneryAbstractThe quest for green car mobility faces two major challenges: air pollution from exhaust emissions and global climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. Vehicle air pollution emissions are being successfully tackled in many countries by technical solutions such as low-sulphur fuels, unleaded petrol and three-way catalytic converters. Many researchers advocate a similar approach for overcoming transport's climate change impacts. This study argues that finding a technical solution for this problem is not possible. Instead, the world will have to move to an alternative surface transport system involving far lower levels of motorised travel.Keywords：Green mobility; Fuel efficiency; Alternative fuels; Global climate change; air pollution1. IntroductionProvision of environmentally sustainable (or green) private transport throughout the world faces two main challenges. The first is urban and even regional air pollution, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of the industrialising world. The second is global climate change, caused mainly by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. These two barriers to green car mobility differ in several important ways. First, road traffic air pollution problems are more localised, because of the short atmospheric lifetimes of most vehicle pollutants and . Thus regional solutions are often not only possible, but also essential – Australian cities, for example, can (and must) solve their air pollution problems themselves. Matters are very different for global climate change. Except possibly for geo-engineering measuressuch as placing large quantities of sulphate aerosols in the lower stratosphere or erecting huge reflecting mirrors in space, one country cannot solve this problem alone. Climate change is a global problem. Nevertheless, it is possible for some countries to ‘freeload’ if the majority of nations that are important GHG emitter。
专业英语课件Electric Vehicles 电动汽车
– This system helps accomplish vehicle propulsion by means of an electronic throttle without any cables from the accelerator pedal to the throttle valve of the engine. In electric vehicles, this system controls the electric motors by sensing the accelerator pedal input and sending commands to the power inverter modules.
dollars), CalTech’s cost $600
EVs 101
1970 - Clean Air Car Race
• 50+ cars raced from MIT to Caltech using many alternative powertrains
• CalTech – Regenerative braking • Boston Electric Car Club – Battery
• 1910’s
– Mass-produced Ford cars undercut hand-built EV’s
– EV’s persist as status symbols and utility vehicles until Great Depression
Ford Electric #2
EVs 101
Kinds of Electric Vehicles
Locomotives
新能源汽车类英语作文
新能源汽车类英语作文英文回答：New energy vehicles (NEVs) are vehicles that use alternative fuel sources, such as electricity, rather than traditional fossil fuels like gasoline or diesel. NEVs offer a number of advantages over conventional vehicles, including reduced emissions, lower operating costs, and improved performance.Types of NEVs.There are a variety of different types of NEVs, including:Battery electric vehicles (BEVs): BEVs run solely on electricity, which is stored in a large battery pack. They produce zero emissions and have the lowest operating costs of all NEVs.Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs): PHEVs have both a gasoline engine and an electric motor. They can run on either gasoline or electricity, and they can be plugged in to recharge the battery. PHEVs have lower emissions than conventional vehicles, and they can save money on fuel costs.Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs): HEVs have a gasoline engine and an electric motor, but they cannot be plugged in to recharge the battery. The electric motor assists the gasoline engine, which improves fuel efficiency. HEVs have lower emissions than conventional vehicles, but they have higher operating costs than BEVs or PHEVs.Benefits of NEVs.NEVs offer a number of benefits over conventional vehicles, including:Reduced emissions: NEVs produce significantly lower emissions than conventional vehicles, which helps to improve air quality and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Lower operating costs: NEVs have lower operating costs than conventional vehicles, because electricity is a cheaper fuel than gasoline or diesel.Improved performance: NEVs often have better performance than conventional vehicles, due to their electric motors, which provide instant torque.Challenges of NEVs.NEVs also face a number of challenges, including:Limited driving range: BEVs have a limited driving range, which can make them impractical for long trips.Long charging times: BEVs take a long time to charge, which can be inconvenient.High purchase price: NEVs are often more expensive to purchase than conventional vehicles.Future of NEVs.NEVs are a promising technology with the potential to revolutionize the transportation sector. As the technology continues to improve, NEVs are expected to become more affordable, more efficient, and more popular.中文回答：新能源汽车。
纯电动汽车术语解释 -回复
纯电动汽车术语解释-回复什么是纯电动汽车？纯电动汽车（Battery Electric Vehicle，BEV），顾名思义，是指完全依靠电能驱动的汽车。
与传统的燃油汽车相比，纯电动汽车不需要使用传统的内燃机，而是通过电动机将电能转化为动力，并借助高容量的电池组提供能量。
这种特殊的驱动方式使纯电动汽车在环保性、能源效率、动力输出和驾驶体验等方面具有显著优势。
纯电动汽车的核心技术是电池组。
电池组是由众多电池单体组合而成，负责储存和释放电能。
目前市场上主要使用的电池类型是锂离子电池，这种电池具有高能量密度和长循环寿命等优点。
随着科技的发展，电池技术逐渐成熟，纯电动汽车的续航里程得以大幅提升，进一步推动了其发展。
在纯电动汽车中，电动机是关键的动力装置。
电动机将电能转化为驱动力，通过传动装置将动力传递给车轮驱动汽车前进。
纯电动汽车通常采用交流电动机（AC）或直流电动机（DC），它们具有高效率、高扭矩和高响应的特点。
电动机的控制系统可以根据驾驶人员的需求实现加速、减速和巡航等功能，从而提供更灵活、平顺的驾驶体验。
除了电池和电动机外，纯电动汽车还涉及多项辅助技术。
充电技术是其中最为重要的一项。
纯电动汽车通过外部电源将电能输入电池组进行充电，以补充电池能量。
随着电动车充电设施的普及和发展，充电方式也越来越多样化，包括普通家用电源充电、快速充电桩充电以及无线充电等。
此外，纯电动汽车还涉及能量回收技术。
通过制动系统和降低电动机输出扭矩等方式，纯电动汽车可以将部分动能转化为电能，回馈给电池组储存以延长续航里程。
这种能量回收技术被称为再生制动，能够提高能源利用效率。
纯电动汽车的发展带来了许多术语和概念。
以下是一些常见的纯电动汽车术语解释，以帮助更好地理解和使用这些技术：1. 续航里程（Driving Range）：指一辆纯电动汽车在单次充电后能够行驶的最长距离。
这个数值主要受电池容量和电动机能效等因素影响。
2. 快充（Fast Charging）：一种快速充电技术，可以在较短的时间内将电池充电至大部分容量。
新能源汽车外文文献翻译
文献出处：Moriarty P, Honnery D. The prospects for global green car mobility[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008, 16(16): 1717-1726.原文The prospects for global green car mobilityPatrick Moriarty, Damon HonneryAbstractThe quest for green car mobility faces two major challenges: air pollution from exhaust emissions and global climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. Vehicle air pollution emissions are being successfully tackled in many countries by technical solutions such as low-sulphur fuels, unleaded petrol and three-way catalytic converters. Many researchers advocate a similar approach for overcoming transport's climate change impacts. This study argues that finding a technical solution for this problem is not possible. Instead, the world will have to move to an alternative surface transport system involving far lower levels of motorised travel.Keywords：Green mobility; Fuel efficiency; Alternative fuels; Global climate change; air pollution1. IntroductionProvision of environmentally sustainable (or green) private transport throughout the world faces two main challenges. The first is urban and even regional air pollution, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of the industrialising world. The second is global climate change, caused mainly by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These two barriers to green car mobility differ in several important ways. First, road traffic air pollution problems are more localised, because of the short atmospheric lifetimes of most vehicle pollutants and . Thus regional solutions are often not only possible, but also essential – Australian cities, for example, can (and must) solve their air pollution problems themselves. Matters are very different for global climate change. Except possibly for geo-engineering measures such as placinglarge quantities of sulphate aerosols in the lower stratosphere or erecting huge reflecting mirrors in space, one country cannot solve this problem alone. Climate change is a global problem. Nevertheless, it is possible for some countries to ‘freeload’ if the majority of nations that are important GHG emitter。
新能源汽车外文翻译文献
新能源汽车外文翻译文献Electric Cars: XXX?As the XXX crises。
wars。
and increasing oil n。
the need for alternative XXX not a renewable resource。
and we must find a replacement before XXX and social progress。
the n of electric cars XXX.Faced with high XXX costs。
growing XXX。
XXX and American automakers。
XXX Prius has e the world's best-selling hybrid car。
Tesla Motors。
a new American automaker。
has launched its first battery-powered car。
the Tesla Roadster。
As of the end of 2010.XXX hybrid car。
and XXX a similar plan is underway.Currently。
XXX vehicles。
XXX。
key components。
and system n。
They have established a research institute with "three verticals" of hybrid electric vehicles。
pure electric vehicles。
and fuel cell vehicles。
and "three horizontals" of vehicle controlsystems。
motor drive systems。
and power XXX industry。
电动汽车部分相关词汇(2009-09-08)
Electric Vehicle Terms电动汽车部分相关词汇tram有轨电车trolley无轨电车battery electric vehicle 纯动力电池车辆hybrid vehicle 混合动力电池车辆fuel cell vehicle 燃料电池车辆electric traction 电子牵引regenerative braking 再生制动Faraday shield 法拉第屏蔽electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射double-layer capacitor 双层蓄电池power batter 动力电池battery pack 电池组charging station 充换电站lead acid battery 铅酸电池nickel metal battery 镍氢电池zebra battery 钠-氯化镍电池lithium ion polymer battery (li-ion battery) 锂离子聚合物电池（锂离子电池）World Electric Vehicles Association 世界电动车协会World Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exposition (EVS) 世界电动车大会及展览会Some Background Info about Electric VehicleAn electric vehicle (EV), also referred to as an electric drive vehicle, is a vehicle which uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. Depending on the type of vehicle, motion may be provided by wheels or propellers driven by rotary motors, or in the case of tracked vehicles, by linear motors. Electric vehicles can include electric cars, electric trains, electric airplanes, electric boats, electric motorcycles and scooters, and electric spacecraft.Electric vehicles first came into existence in the mid-19th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for automobile propulsion, providing a level of comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. At one time the internal combustion engine (ICE) had completely replaced the electric drive as a propulsion method for automobiles, but electric power has remained commonplace in other vehicle types, such as trains and smaller vehicles of all types.Electric vehicles are distinct from fossil fuel-powered vehicles in that they can receive their power from a number of sources, including fossil fuels themselves, nuclear power, and renewable sources such as tidal power, solar power, and wind power. This energy is then transmitted to the vehicle through use of overhead lines, wireless energy transfer, or a direct connection through an electrical cable. The electricity may then be stored onboard the vehicle using a battery, flywheel 调速轮, supercapacitor 法拉电容, or fuel cell 燃料电池. Vehicles making use of engines working on the principle of combustion can usually only derive their energy from a single or a few sources, usually non-renewable fossil fuels. A key advantage of electric or hybrid electric vehicles is their ability to recover braking energy as electricity to be restored to the on-board battery or sent back to the grid. When fossil fuel vehicles brake, they simply dump the energy into the environment as waste heat. This gives electric vehicles a greater efficiency gain in city traffic.At the beginning of the 21st century, increased concern over the environmental impact of the petroleum-based transportation infrastructure, along with the spectre of peak oil, led to renewed interest in an electric transportation infrastructure. As such, vehicles which can potentially be powered by renewable energy sources, such as hybrid electric vehicles or pure electric vehicles, are becoming more popular.Nowadays, electric vehicles are hitting the mainstream.All major carmakers, such as Daimler AG, Toyota Motor Corp., General Motors Corp., Renault SA, Peugeot-Citroen, VW and Mitsubishi Corp., are developing new-generation electric vehicles.Electricity sourcesThere are many ways to generate electricity, some of them more ecological than others:on-board rechargeable electricity storage system (RESS), called Full Electric Vehicles (FEV). Power storage methods include:chemical energy stored on the vehicle in on-board batteries: Battery electric vehicle (BEV) static energystored on the vehicle in on-board electric double-layer capacitors纯动力电池kinetic energy storage 动能: flywheels 调速轮direct connection to generation plants as is common among electric trains, trolley buses, and trolley trucks 发电厂renewable sources such as solar power: solar vehicle 太阳能generated on-board using a diesel engine: diesel-electric locomotive 柴油电力generated on-board using a fuel cell: fuel cell vehicle 燃料电池generated on-board using nuclear energy: nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers 核动力It is also possible to have hybrid electric vehicles 混合动力电池车辆that derives electricity from multiple sources. Such as:on-board rechargeable electricity storage system (RESS) and a direct continuous connection to land-based generation plants for purposes of on-highway recharging with unrestricted highway range；充换电站on-board rechargeable electricity storage system and a fueled propulsion power source (internal combustion engine): plug-in hybrid 插电型油电混合Batteries, electric double-layer capacitors and flywheel energy storage are forms of rechargeable on-board electrical storage. By avoiding an intermediate mechanical step, the energy conversion efficiency can be improved over the hybrids already discussed, by avoiding unnecessary energy conversions. Furthermore, electro-chemical batteries conversions are easy to reverse, allowing electrical energy to be stored in chemical form.Another form of chemical to electrical conversion is fuel cells, projected for future use.For especially large electric vehicles, such as submarines, the chemical energy of the diesel-electric can be replaced by a nuclear reactor. The nuclear reactor usually provides heat, which drives a steam turbine, which drives a generator, which is then fed to the propulsion. See Nuclear PowerA few experimental vehicles, such as some cars and a handful of aircraft use solar panels for electricity. Vehicle typesIt is generally possible to equip any kind of vehicle with an electric powertrain.电力传动Hybrid electric vehicleA hybrid electric vehicle combines a conventional (usually fossil fuel-powered) power train with some form of electric propulsion. Common examples include hybrid electric cars such as the Toyota Prius. Lithium ionMost other EVs are utilizing new variations on lithium-ion chemistry that sacrifice energy density to provide extreme power density, fire resistance, environmental friendliness, very rapid charges (as low as a few minutes), and very long life-spans.Disadvantages of electric vehicles:Many electric designs have limited range, due to the low energy density of batteries compared to the fuel of internal combustion engined vehicles. Electric vehicles also often have long recharge times compared to the relatively fast process of refueling a tank. This is further complicated by the current scarcity of public charging stations.Advantages of electric vehicles：MechanicalElectric motors are mechanically very simple.Electric motors often achieve 90% energy conversion efficiency[29] over the full range of speeds and power output and can be precisely controlled. They can also be combined with regenerative braking systems that have the ability to convert movement energy back into stored electricity. This can be used to reduce the wear on brake systems (and consequent brake pad dust) and reduce the total energy requirement of a trip. Regenerative braking is especially effective for start-and-stop city use.They can be finely controlled and provide high torque from rest, unlike internal combustion engines, and do not need multiple gears to match power curves. This removes the need for gearboxes and torque converters.Electric vehicles have less vibration than internal combustion engines.EnvironmentalElectric vehicle release almost no air pollutants at the place where they are operated. In addition, it is generally easier to build pollution control systems into centralised power stations than retrofit enormous numbers of cars.Another advantage is that electric vehicles typically have less noise pollution than a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, whether it is at rest or in motion.Energy resilienceElectricity is a form of energy that remains within the continent where it was produced and can be multi-sourced. As a result it gives the greatest degree of energy resilience.Cost of rechargeStabilisation of the gridThere is potential to allow battery powered electric vehicles to enhance electric grid response by feeding electricity into the grid during peak air conditioning times (mid-afternoon) while allowing sufficient charge for expected evening use as determined by the vehicle's predicted use profile.Furthermore, our current electricity infrastructure will most likely have to cope with increasing shares of variable-output power sources such as windmills and PV solar panels. This variability could to some extent be compensated for by, in real time, adjusting the speed at which EV batteries are charged, or possibly even discharged in the future.Savings of liquid fossil fuelChinaMany electric car companies are looking to China as the leader of future electric car implementation around the world. In April 2009, Chinese officials announced their plan to make China the world’s largestproducer of electric cars. The Renault-Nissan Alliance will work with China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MITI) to help set up battery recharging networks throughout the city of Wuhan, the pilot city in the country’s electrical vehicle pilot program. The corpo ration plans to have electric vehicles on the market by 2011. According to an April 10 2009 New York Times Article entitled “China Outlines Plans for Making Cars,” auto manufacturers will possess the opportunity to successfully market their cars to Chinese consumers due to the short and slow commutes that characterize Chinese transportation, and Chinese consumers generally diminished experience with high powered gasoline-powered cars, subsequently diminishing the hindering nature of lower powered electric vehicles. Furthermore, in an attempt to design a program with incentives for buyers, MITI intends to give large subsidies to buyers of electric cars; the country has 10 billion Yuan, almost 1.5 billion U.S. dollars, to boost the automotive industry’s effort s towards modernization.ProductionElectric vehicles are hitting the mainstream [4]. Automakers are going to showcase at the 2009 Washington Auto Show their commitment to quickly bringing electric hybrid and all-electric vehicles to market as early as 2010 [53].World production raceAll major carmakers, such as Daimler AG, Toyota Motor Corp., General Motors Corp., Renault SA, Peugeot-Citroen, VW and Mitsubishi Corp., are developing new-generation electric vehicles. Really, Automakers are in a new race to be the first to market with an all-electric car so they can claim the mantle as the world's greenest automaker [54].Improved long term energy storage and nano batteriesThere have been several developments which could bring electric vehicles outside their current fields of application, as scooters, golf cars, neighborhood vehicles, in industrial operational yards and indoor operation. First, advances in lithium-based battery technology, in large part driven by the consumer electronics industry, allow full-sized, highway-capable electric vehicles to be propelled as far on a single charge as conventional cars go on a single tank of gasoline. Lithium batteries have been made safe, can be recharged in minutes instead of hours, and now last longer than the typical vehicle. The production cost of these lighter, higher-capacity lithium batteries is gradually decreasing as the technology matures and production volumes increase.Introduction of battery management and intermediate storageAnother improvement is to decouple the electric motor from the battery through electronic control, employing ultra-capacitors to buffer large but short power demands and regenerative braking energy. The development of new cell types combined with intelligent cell management improved both weak points mentioned above. The cell management involves not only monitoring the health of the cells but also a redundant cell configuration (one more cell than needed). With sophisticated switched wiring it is possible to condition one cell while the rest are on duty.。
(完整版)新能源汽车英文资料翻译
New energy vehiclesNew energy vehicles is a new automotive product type, because the development time is not long, the technology is still not mature, so has not yet formed a widely accepted concept, but it certainly is new energy automobile is compared to the traditional fuel vehicles, the new energy vehicles, according to the definition of the scope of the concept size, there are two types of narrow and broad statement.Generalized: used in gasoline and diesel oil as power source of the car.Special: a non conventional vehicle fuel as the advanced technology of powercontrol and drive, the formation of technology has advanced principle, new technology, new structure of automobile.New energy vehicles, including fuel cell cars, hybrid cars, hydrogen powered cars and solar car etc..Hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle equipped with more than two source:battery, fuel cell, solar cell,Turbine locomotive.The current hybrid vehicles generally refers to the diesel generator, plus battery cars.Advantages:Vehicle starting and stopping, driven only by the battery, do not reach a certain speed,The engine will not work, therefore, can make the engine has been maintained in the best condition, good dynamic performance, very low emissions, and the source and power are the engine, gas can only. Its principle is simply the motor and engine the reasonable arrangement of power output machine.Disadvantages:There are two sets of power,Management control system plus two sets of dynamic,Complex structure,Difficult,The price is high and long distance speed is not fuel-efficient.Pure electric vehicle is composed entirely of rechargeable battery (such as lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries or lithium ion batteries provide power source for car).Pure electric vehicle motor fuel to replace machine, low noise, no pollution,and by the use of electrical energy single, electric control system of hybrid electric vehicle is greatly simplified compared. Reduces the cost, the price also can compensate the battery. Pure electric vehicle is mainly used for the airport, community, courts and other places.Disadvantages: only in certain range, the market is smaller. The main reason is because of various categories, the prevailing prices high, life is short, the size and weight of the large, long charging time, serious shortcomings.Fuel cell vehicles refers to the hydrogen, methanol as the fuel, the current through the chemical reaction, depending on the electric motor driven vehicles. The battery power is through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, rather than through the combustion, directly into electrical energy.The chemical reaction process of fuel cell does not produce harmful products,therefore the fuel cell vehicle is a car without pollution, energy conversion efficiency of the fuel cell of high 2 ~ 3 times than the internal combustion engine, so the use of environmental protection and energy, fuel cell vehiclesand is an ideal vehicle.Household car is more and more, oil prices more and more expensive, every car company began to research and development of new energy vehicles.1.IntroductionChery since 2000 we have engaged in the research and development of the new energy vehicles, through more than ten years of independent innovation, the new energy vehicles business experienced three important stages of development; From 2001 to 2005, the company with the national 863 project for the carrier, joint top Chinese universities and research institutes, undertake and completed a number of national 863 electric vehicle research subject, the major projects in just3 years time, complete the ISG moderate hybrid and pure electric vehicles of the rational development model. From 2005 to 2008, approved by ministry of a "by national energy conservation and environmental protection automotive engineering technology research center", based on the basic completion of the new energy vehicles of the industrialization of the research and development, the establishment of a sound energy saving and new energy vehicle development system, the world first-class new energy test center, trial-produce center, in the electric car key components and core technology, the company has formed a set of key parts research, testing, application and industrialization of calibration ability, in the motor, motor drive system, DC/DC, advanced power battery, the battery management system, the vehicle controller, initially forming a batch production ability, have the new energy vehicles, the core technology of the calibration technology and experiment technology. New energy vehicles special vehicle accessories system, including: electric air conditioning, the electric steering (EPS), electric vacuum, electric heating, electronic brake system has been formed series products, with the bulk production ability. The first paragraph A5-BSG hybrid cars in 2008 listed in wuhu, batch, dalian city, as the taxi are greatly welcomed by customers, but also become henan, guangdong, xinjiang, shanxi, fujian, zhejiang and other private user's private cars. Moderate hybrid (ISG) car has entered the small batch production stage, which is DuoGe new energy vehicle demonstration pilot city, as the lease, the first choice of state-owned cars models. Miniature pureelectric vehicles and intermediate pure electric vehicles and miniature electric buses, pure electric taxies, pure electric bus industrialization development also has made a great progress. At the same time, we also pay more attention on high efficiency and energy saving the gasoline engine, the diesel engine technology, flexible fuel automobile technology, strong hybrid technology, fuel cell vehicle technology, comprehensive development, a number of technical are in the leading domestic level. Since 2009, the company launched a new comprehensive energy car large-scale industrialization and application, chery A5ISG, A5BSG, S11EV and S18EV has got a letter issued by the department work products in the country the announcement and saving energy and environmental protection products recommended directory; In January 2009, chery automobile company "energy conservation and environmental protection technology platform construction project" get "country" first prize progress prize in science and technology. In March 2010 the first batch of economical pure electric car delivery customers use and chery new energy vehicle technology Co., LTD. was set up, marked the new energy vehicle company opened a new chapter in the business2.Main discussion1. The advantages of new energy vehicles (strength) analysisThe state information center forecast, China's passenger car market growth situation will continue for at least a further 15 years, annual growth needs roughly equivalent to GDP growth in the 1.5 times or so. In 2009 a car into the family (middle-income families buy have ability). From the qualitative Angle, car market at least will also have 20 years of fast growth. If domestic GDP2020 years than in 2000, around 2020 words to quadruple our country will more than the United States, automobile demand will reach 20 million cars, as the world's largest car market.Since 1988, in fujian province, and become the largest of the special economic zone, the provincial capital of hainan province since the haikou city become haikou city won the top ten cities, and national environmental protection model city, national sanitary city, China excellent tourist city, national garden city, national historical and cultural city, a national civilization city advanced city, the work the comprehensive improvement of the urban environment, "China excellent city living environment prize" and so on the city reputation. Hainan consistent development of the island, environmental protection island is travel health island, new energy, cars are the city's another environmental and health. From the economic development prospects and haikou city car market development scale, in the city to see public transport, taxi, business, environmental sanitation and postal and other public service and other fields, new energy vehicles have a large market space.2.New energy vehicles disadvantages (weakness) analysis(1) the traffic congestion, chaos. Nearly five years motor vehicles and drivers haikou number to sustained growth, road traffic management brought unprecedented pressure. According to information, haikou city road 859 existing with a total length of 1797 km, motor vehicle ownership of 250000 vehicles per day, and are at a 200 rate, of which the amount of private cars is as high as 26%, to the current haikou is obviously can't meet the transportation network of motor vehicle driving demand. Second, the city center area road reconstruction speed slow, to the original road reconstruction is not form system engineering, special is ages ago, DuanTouLu neck road has not been effective reform. Constrain the other major trunk and disperse traffic volume ability. Again, there are pure state road traffic and the lagging problems, such as haikou existing parking lot for cannot accommodate next overmuch vehicles, lead to the driver in some sections on both sides of the parking. This makes originally not wide road become more narrow. There is traffic development, citizens behind haikou travel a single pattern, motorcycles, cars, etc, make travel has become the public preferred way material utilization rate reduced. If the road is sabafish intermediary haikou motorcycles and elegant demeanour car most serious place one of the flood. In the waiting by the shop, packed with motorcycles and elegant demeanour car. They ZhanDao rob guest, obstruct the other vehicles, normal traffic caused easily traffic jam. Haikou traffic police is insufficient, the control points, blind area, people's traffic, too weak, the bus lines concept overlap serious, site layout is not reasonable. Some sections of the serious traffic jam, especially holidays or rush, traffic is chaos.(2) for less than for parking. Data shows, at present, haikou has more than 160000vehicles auto possession, and with more than 20000 cars a year speed increases. The current haikou on an average day with more than 60 new car the road, in a day and added between so many parking obviously is not very practical. In the next few years, whether public or parking garage area will be more strained3.Wide range of reading up to dataHybrid cars advantage is: 1, the hybrid power may according to the average need after the power to determine the maximum power of internal combustion engine, right now in oil consumption is low, less pollution the optimal conditions work. Need high power internal combustion engine power shortage, the battery to supplement; Load for a little while and surplus power can power generation to recharge the battery, due to the internal combustion engine, the battery and sustainable work can constantly, so their trip and charging as ordinary cars. 2, for there is a battery, can be very convenient recycling braking, hill and idle when energy. 3, in the noisy city, can shut by internal combustion engines, battery, to achieve "drive alone zero discharge". 4, with internal combustion engines can be very convenient solve energy consumption of the air conditioning, heating, such as pure electric vehicle defrosting problems met. 5, can use the existing gas station come on, don't have to investment. 6, can let the battery to keep in good working condition, not happened, filling put, prolong the service life, and reduce the cost.Faults: long distance high-speed basic can't save fuel4.PresentationThe essay take about chery Hybird car in china.This kind of car is very useful for every family.because of Hybird car can save petrol .so it’s cheaper than other cars. Sometimes,this kind of cars can use electric it can protect environment also can control the climate change. This very accord with China's national conditions. In the future green cars are very popular to use in the world.翻译新能源汽车作为一种新的汽车产品类型，由于发展时间还不长，技术还不成熟，所以尚未形成一个被广泛认可的概念，但是肯定的是新能源汽车的提出是相对于传统燃料汽车而言的，目前关于新能源汽车的概念根据其定义范围的大小，有狭义和广义两种说法。
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纯电动汽车1 电动汽车技术概述电动汽车的优点是具有简单的机械传动机构。
电动汽车能够像传统的汽车一样将本身的能量转变成汽车的动能，但它却还可以沿相反方向进行转换，利用能量再生制动系统将动能转换成汽车的电能储备，这说明它的能源和工作回路是双向的。
此外，电动汽车的运动部件电动马达主要由电枢（直流电机）或转子（交流电机）和轴承组成，电机不仅仅具有结构简单效率高的优点，而且它的输出扭矩适合车辆的扭矩曲线。
电动汽车的动力传动系统往往只需要一个传动比，不需要倒档，因为旋转运动方向的变换可以通过改变电力输入的极性来实现。
电池系统的充电是相当复杂的。
通过电源插座传送的是交流电，必须转换成直流电，才能被用来为电动汽车电池充电。
如果电动汽车采用了直流电动机，来自电池的能源必须被“切”成具有一定周期的可变占空比，才能用以控制发动机的速度和扭矩。
随着电动汽车越来越多的采用交流电机，为了提供交流电和控制汽车动力输出的能量，从电池来的直流电必须进行复杂的能源转换。
纯电动汽车的主要缺点是电池能源有限，而混合电动汽车的复杂的动力系统是困扰其质量提高和成本的居高不下的原因。
2 纯电动汽车纯电动汽车，也叫电池电动汽车，它有一部分作为一些专用汽车，另一部分作为汽油车的替代品。
下面介绍一些电动车，像通用公司的EV1、福特的Ranger和丰田的Prius。
2.1 通用电动车EV1第二代的通用EV1的主要设计目的在于提高其软件方面的品味，使其具有良好的通过性和操作性能，通用EV1的主要零部件见图1。
首先EV1具有两种蓄电池技术：分别是更先进、容量更大的铅酸蓄电池和可选装的镍氢电池。
2.1.1 动力/电子设备♦发动机布置形式：横置安装、前轮驱动。
♦电动机形式：三相交流电机。
♦额定功率：在7000转每分钟时的功率是102千瓦(137马力)。
♦驱动桥类型：双级主减速器。
♦电源管理系统：绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT）逆变电源。
♦蓄电组：标准：26组阀控式大容量铅酸模块。
可选择的：26组阀控式镍氢模块。
♦蓄电池组的额定容量：标准：大容量铅酸电池组容量是18.7千瓦时每60安时(312伏)。
选配：镍氢电池组容量是26.4千瓦时每77安时(343伏)。
电池重量：标准：大容量铅酸电池是594.21千克。
图1 通用汽车EV1的部件选配：镍氢电池组520.27千克。
♦充电及充电器端口：根据美国保险商实验室标准制造。
♦蓄电池组、充电系统：按美国保险商实验室制定的标准制造的室内充电系统。
2.1.2 车身/底盘♦2人座。
♦车身类型：通过焊接、铆接和粘结剂粘接的方式组合的铝合金结构车身。
♦抗弯/耐蚀的复合材料的蒙板：发动机罩、车门、底板和行李箱（复合式装饰板）、前挡泥板、后翼子板、平衡板、后轮侧板、尾翼。
♦车身底板采用了100%的可重复利用的轻量化材料。
2.1.3 悬架♦前悬架：由铝制长臂螺旋弹簧和带有稳定杆的减震器构成。
♦后悬架：采用多连杆式铝制梁。
2.1.4 转向系统♦转向类型：电控液力齿轮齿条式助力转向（速度灵敏，作用力可变）。
♦转向传动比：16.5：1。
♦转弯半径：32.5英尺(10.21米)。
♦转向车轮转动极限：3.0（从最左边到最右边）。
2.1.5 制动系统♦制动系统：前轮制动系统采用电控液力助力式，后轮制动系统则具有制动力混合再生和防抱死功能。
前轮：9.65英寸(245.11毫米)铝制整体结构盘式制动器。
后轮：8.9英寸(226.06毫米)电动助力装置的鼓式制动器。
♦驻车制动：由棘轮机构和按钮开关组成。
2.1.6 车轮♦车轮：14英寸(355.6毫米)、铝合金结构。
♦轮胎：P175/65R14米其林轮胎，全季节型、自封闭式和刺穿自修补功能。
2.1.7 安全功能♦防抱死制动系统。
♦牵引力控制系统。
♦轮胎压力监测系统。
♦安全气囊和三点式安全带。
♦具有低投影光束和反射光线功能的远光灯。
♦日间运行灯。
♦电子键盘输入、车辆激活系统与可编程的个人识别号码。
♦电动车窗除霜器。
♦电子控制后车窗加热器。
2.1.8 舒适性和方便性功能♦电动车窗、门锁和双后视镜。
♦具备速度上下调整的巡航控制系统。
♦具有调幅/调频功能立体声磁带机和CD播放机，具有4个扬声器，附带数字时钟功能。
♦采用无氟制冷剂的电控加热泵气候控制系统，具有空气温度调节功能，采用全新设计的电热水器。
♦中控台安装有真空荧光屏。
♦可反射和吸收太阳光的玻璃。
♦间歇性风窗玻璃清洗的洗涤系统。
♦可远程控制发动机罩和行李箱盖的打开和关闭。
♦轻量级合金结构的四方向可调式座椅。
♦地毯。
♦带有清理功能的货物区。
2.1.9 性能♦0-60英里(0-96.56千米)加速时间不超过9秒。
♦电力作用时最高速度达到80英里每小时(128.75千米每小时)。
♦空阻系数为0.19（比其它的任何汽车低25%）。
♦估计续驶里程：标准：大容量铅酸电池组—每55-95英里(88.51-152.89千米)充一次电。
选配：镍氢电池组—每75-130英里(120.70-209.21千米)充一次电。
♦估计能量消耗信息（千瓦时每100英里）：标准：大容量铅酸蓄电池组—能量消耗26千瓦时每100英里在城市工况及高速公路工况。
选配：镍氢电池组--能量消耗34千瓦时每100英里在城市工况；30千瓦时每100英里在高速路工况♦在正常湿度和70摄氏度的条件下，完全充满电估计所用的时间：标准：大容量铅酸蓄电池组用220伏(6.6千瓦)充电器要用5.5到6小时；用110伏(1.2千瓦)简易充电器则需22到24小时。
选配：镍氢蓄电池组用220伏(6.6千瓦)充电器需6到8小时。
♦60-0英里每小时的制动距离是160英尺（48.77米）。
♦尺寸（图2.2）：轴距：98.9英寸(2512毫米)。
车长：169.7英寸(4310毫米)。
车宽：69.5英寸(1766毫米)。
车高：50.5英寸(1282毫米)。
轮距（前）：49.0英寸（1270毫米）。
轮距（后）：49.0英寸（1244毫米）。
车辆的载重量：铅酸蓄电池：3086磅（1400千克）。
镍氢蓄电池：2908磅（1320千克）。
♦最小离地间隙：5.0英寸，如图2所示通用汽车是127毫米。
♦头部空间：37.6英寸（955毫米）。
♦肩部空间：54.4英寸（1381毫米）。
♦腿部空间：42.6英寸（1083毫米）。
♦环保局标准客运承载力：50.4立方英尺2.2（1427毫米）。
♦环保局标准货物承载力：9.7立方英尺2.2（275升）。
2.2 福特Ranger汽车特点说明（图3）：♦零排放车。
♦可用铅酸和镍氢两类蓄电池。
♦轴距112英寸（2845毫米）。
♦采用90马力（67.1千瓦）、140磅（190牛米）扭矩的高效三相交流电机。
♦单速后轮驱动桥。
♦行驶里程：采用镍氢电池：65-80英里（105-129千米）。
♦低滚动阻力轮胎。
图2 通用电动汽车 图3 福特Ranger♦驾驶员及乘客侧面安全气囊。
♦4轮防抱死和能量再生制动系统。
♦车辆的载重量：镍氢：1250磅（567千克），铅：650磅（294.8千克）。
♦车载充电系统。
♦轻型铝制车轮。
电池容量：♦23千瓦时（在85%放电时18千瓦时）。
估计续驶里程：♦在地铁或公路路况下是77英里（124千米时）。
（在正常的气候和驾驶条件下，最佳续驶里程大约是50英里（80.5千米）。
）额定时速：♦在动力模式下可达到75英里每小时（120千米每小时）。
♦在经济模式下可达到65英里每小时（105千米每小时）。
达到0-50英里每小时的速度需时间：♦12.5秒。
车辆特点：♦短轴距，长驾驶室的车身风格。
♦90马力（67.1千瓦）的高效三相交流电机。
♦单速后轮驱动变速器。
♦4轮防抱死和再生制动系统。
♦有效载重量700磅（371.5千克）。
♦双安全气囊。
♦电子液压助力转向。
♦车载充电。
♦气候控制。
♦轻型铝制车轮。
♦低滚动阻力轮胎。
Ranger电动汽车燃料规格（镍氢）：为了即将到来的1999年，福特推出的Ranger电动汽车采用镍氢燃料。
在该电动车上还可以通过进行改进使有效载重量增加到1250磅（567千克）。
规格：♦25个112伏的镍氢模块；300伏系统。
♦有效载重量：1250磅（567千克），车辆总重5350磅（2427千克）。
估计行驶里程：♦在地铁或公路路况下90英里（美国东部地区，145千米）。
♦（在正常的气候和驾驶条件下，续驶里程约为68-85英里（104.6-136.8千米）。
全负荷运转时距离可能会降低到45英里（72.4千米））。
2.3 本田电动车Plus本田电动车Plus是一辆全新打造的电动汽车，并非通过改装现有的汽油车制造的，如图2.4所示。
这是一个双门掀背车，有4个座位，后排座椅折叠后可增加货舱容积。
它的汽车座椅厂计划制造阿库拉NSX跑车。
本田汽车公司打算于1998年在加利福尼亚州租赁出约400辆电动汽车，以评估潜在电动车客户的驾驶习惯和生活方式。
该电动汽车是非卖品，只是通过了本田的36个月的“宪章租赁计划”。
图4本田EV Plus2.3.1 性能♦续驶里程：环保局规定的城市工况100英里（160.9千米），怠速工况84英里（135.2千米）。
♦加速时间：0-30英里需4.9秒，0-60英里加速17秒（该车的表现相当不错）。
♦最高速度：大于80英里每小时（129千米每小时）。
2.3.2 驱动系/电池/充电器♦电机：高效永磁电机。
输出功率：在1700-8500转每分的输出功率是49千瓦（约66马力）；在0-1700转/分时输出扭矩是275牛米。
♦变速器：一个档位，直接驱动。
♦充电器：车载充电系统（需110伏或220伏的电源输出支持）。
♦充电时间：6-8小时（220伏80％放电的情况下）。
本田电动车业主需要安装一个220伏调节/隔离的电源用于在车库中充电（安装费用1905美元）。
2.3.3 底盘/悬挂♦前轮驱动，承载式车身结构。
♦前麦弗逊滑柱、后横梁悬架结构。
♦电动助力齿轮齿条式转向系统。
♦基于高灵敏度传感器的再生制动和防抱死制动系统（再生制动可让您获得上下坡时散失的动力，使用电动机作为发电机，从而延长汽车的行驶里程）。
♦14英寸（355.6毫米）低滚动阻力195/65轮胎，铝合金轮毂。
2.3.4 舒适性/方便性♦电动车窗、车门、后视镜，和自动对气候进行加热和冷却控制的气候自调节系统（该系统通过“热泵”进行气候调节）。
♦AM/FM/CD：拥有无钥匙进入警报和解除警报的多功能遥控器（你可以使用这种遥控器优先决定驾驶室温度和控制电池充电！）。
♦反射玻璃，可折叠后排座椅：它可以很方便的让乘客从后座通过（折叠后可大大的增加后座腿部空间）。
2.3.5 安全/防盗♦双安全气囊，在座位边上配有3点式安全带。
♦盗窃威慑系统。
♦在地板设置导轨来布置电池。
♦电力隔离控制系统。