专八人文(美国文学部分)

3.The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿
the Prairie大草原
the pathfinder探路人
the Deerslayer杀鹿者
Edgar Allan Poe爱伦·坡(poet, novelist)
Father of the American detective stories
Tales of the Grotesque andArabesque怪诞奇异故事集
站在大贵族大资产阶级立场上观察描述现实社会，被称为“温和现实主义”
O. Henry欧亨利
1.The father of modern American short stories;
2.American life humor encyclopedia
3.Short prose writer laureate as Manhattan
2Focus on commonness of the lives of the common people;
3Objective rather than idealistic view of human nature;
4Present moral visions;
5Usually open ending.(开放式结局)
2.pen name: Samuel Langhorne Clemens
3.Three giants of American realistic writers.
1.TheAdventures of TomSawyer;
2.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(“all modern American literature comes”---Hemingway)
themes:religion,life,death ,love, marriage,nature
American Realism(19世纪中——20世纪初,美国第二次文学繁荣期)
1.Social environment for literary shifts of the time
1Disillusionment and frustration;
The American Scholar（America’s declaration of intellectual independence）
Self-Reliance论自助
1.TheTranscendental Club: The Dial
2.Transcendentalism: oversoul, nature, individualism(Self-reliance,divinity)
The Rise of Silas Lapham
赛拉斯.拉帕姆的发迹
（his masterpiece, a fine example of the American realistic novels）
A Modern Instance
一个现代的例证
A Hazard of New Fortunes
新财富的危害
Thanatopsis死亡随想（most famous nature poem）
“To a Waterfowl”致水鸟
Stress the American self-consciousness
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow朗费罗
(The firstAmerican poet to write thenarrative poems)
The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子
The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇
The Marble Faun玉石雕像
Symbolism & American puritan moralism
Herman Melville梅尔维尔
novelist
Moby Dick白鲸（the first American prose epic）
5Transportation and communication;
6A relative rise in middle-class affluence.
2. Major features of Realism in American Literature:
1Straightforward or matter-of-fact manner;
4. Three giants of American realistic writer
The Cop and the Anthem
The Gift of the Magi
O. Henry's twist endings欧亨利式结局
Mark Twain马克·吐温
1.The true father of ournational literature;
Poor Richard’s Almanac穷理查德年鉴
The Autobiography自传（13美德）
Thomas Jefferson
第三届总统，弗吉尼亚大学创始人，独立宣言起草人
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩
Pamphleteer
Common Sense常识（most famousandgreatest political pamphlet）
2.Democratic ides
3. most poems sing of“en-mass”& the self
Emily Dickinson迪金森（女）
This is My Letter to the World
I Heard aFly Buzz When I Died
Because I Could Not Stop for Death
2Increasing rates of democracy and literacy;
3Rapid growth in industrialism and urbanization(big-city bossism);
4An expanding population base and ensuing immigration;
John Smith (the“first author”in thehistory of American literature)
1.A True Relation of Virginia(the“first book”in American literature)关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述
2.A Map of Virginia with a Description of the County
James Cooper库珀(novelist)
The Spy间谍（the Revolutionary War）
The Pilot领航者——sea novels
Leather Stocking Tales——frontier novels：
the Pioneers拓荒者
the last of the Mohicans
Harriet Beecher Stowe斯托夫人
UncleTom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋
“the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war.”——Lincoln
William Dean Howells（Threegiants of American realistic writers）
美国文学：
Literatureof Colonial America（16世纪末——17世纪中期）
The first American literature was neither American nor really literature.——an interesting mixture of travel accounts and religious writings by European immigrants.
1.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说
2.Rip Van Winkle瑞普凡温克尔(escape from societyand return to nature)
3.Tales of a Traveler旅行者的故事
4.The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉
Famous for his tales about America
Henry David Thoreau梭罗
Civil Disobedience论公民的不服从权利
Walden瓦尔登湖
Transcendentalism
Nathaniel Hawthorne Novelist
Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔
The Scarlet Letter红字
Washington Irving
1.The first prose stylist of American Romanticism;
2.Father of American Literature: the first to achieveinternational literaryreputation
Typee泰比
Billy Budd比利·伯德
William Cullen Bryant
One of ica’s earlist naturalist poets
The Fountain泉
The White-footed Deer白蹄鹿
A Forest Hymn森林赋
The Flood of Years似水流年
The British Prison Ship英国囚船