汉英跨文化交际翻
汉英翻译在跨文化交际中的体现
汉英翻译在跨文化交际中的体现汉语属于汉藏语系（Sino-Tibetan Family）；英语属于印欧语系（Indo-European Family）。
汉语是世界上最古老的语言之一，已有6000多年的历史并经历了诸多变迁；英语源自公元5世纪盎格鲁撒克逊人（Anglo-Saxon People）入侵英伦群岛，至今也有1500多年的历史了。
就其本质而言，汉语是分析性的（Analytical）语言；而英语是综合性的（Synthetic）语言。
例如英语中的“Uncle”一词，在汉语中就可以翻译为：堂叔、表叔、舅舅、姨夫、姑父等。
这个称呼完全取决于父母亲的兄长或弟弟，或是父母亲姐妹的丈夫等家庭成员，通过这一称呼，家庭成员之间的关系便可知晓。
另外一个例子是英语中的“Cousin”，这个词可用来表示男性或女性、年长或年轻、既可以是父方的，也可以是母方的亲戚；但在汉语中则完全不同了，有堂兄弟、堂姐妹、表兄弟、表姐妹诸多不同的称谓。
汉字重形音会意，英语则重拼读。
用汉字的“流”与英语的“Flow”一比较，就可以看出它们之间的巨大差异。
如表示心理活动的“忄”旁的字有“性”、“情”、“愉”、“悦”、“惧”、“怕”、“恼”、“忏”、“忧”、“恤”等，这些都是通过“部首”（Meaning parts）来反映事物的性质和状态；而英语是表音的拼读语言，它的核心是“字母效应”（Alphabet effect）。
盎格鲁萨克逊人学会了这门语言之后，也学会了字母智能的内涵与外延，如排列组合、逻辑抽象思维、分析演绎、理性与分类等能力，从而造就了独特的字母文化。
从汉英两种语言的特征来看，汉语表达习惯更讲究匀称，用词趋向于重复；而英语表达习惯则忌重复，重简洁。
请看下例：我想预订一张能够坐十个人的桌子，桌子要靠窗户边的，然后请在桌子上放一个圆转盘。
I’d like to book a table for ten by the window with a lazy-susan on it.正是由于这种语言文化上的差异，在汉英两种语言中，切不可字对字进行翻译，而是应该考虑原文要表达的意图，再着手进行翻译；此外，还有一些词看似相对，其实不然，如上句中的Lazy-susan（a revolving tray placed on a dining table）其实和Susan一点关系也没有，而是指大餐桌中央的圆形转盘，转动大餐盘用于放各色食品，便于就餐者转动取食，据说是由一位名叫Susan的女侍者发明，故名lazy susan。
跨文化交际翻译
跨文化交际翻译-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1landscape engineer园林工人 tonsorial artist理发师 sanitation engineer清洁工shoe rebuilder 补鞋匠 soft in the head发疯的 reckless disregard for truth说谎to take things without permission偷窃 industrial climate劳资关系紧张nether garments下面穿的衣服 trousers裤子 plain(朴素的;简单的ugly丑陋的 patient耐心的 lunatic疯狂的call your carriage for you=ask you to go away请你离开a man of doubtful taste=a man of doubtful taste一个低级趣味的人a lady of the town=a prostitute妓女（镇上的女人）Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏Diamond cut diamond.棋逢对手golden saying金玉良言 fat office肥缺You will cross the bridge when you get to it.船到桥头自然直Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.宁为鸡头，不为凤尾drink like a fish牛饮 tread upon eggs如履薄冰Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕Haste makes waste.欲速则不达Beauty is only skin deep.美貌是肤浅的Spare the rod and spoil the child.玉不琢不成器Give a person a dose of his own medicine.以其人之道还治其人之身Frank’s advice is like good herbal medicine: hard to take, but ultimately beneficial.良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果，医生远离我Let sleeping dogs lie.莫惹是非You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.年逾花甲不堪教You can’t have your cake and eat it too.鱼与熊掌不可兼得Gilding the lily.画蛇添足2。
跨文化交际中英文化对比课文参考译文U5
第五单元休闲饮品：茶和咖啡Section 中国的茶和茶文化Passage 1 中国的茶1 中国被称为茶之故乡。
传说神农曾经在一天之内中了72种毒草的毒，是茶发挥了解药的作用。
最新研究证明，中国是世界上最早生产茶叶的国家。
在中国，茶有时被用作药物。
从周代开始，茶从药变成了饮料，而饮茶在唐朝才成为风尚。
东汉著名内科和外科医生华佗说：“苦茶久食，益意思。
”茶圣陆羽写下了已知的世界上第一部茶专著《茶经》，详细记述了制茶、沏茶、饮茶以及其他的关于茶的知识。
对陆羽来说，茶象征着和谐和宇宙的神秘统一。
2 当今，茶在中国已经非常流行，即使是一顿便餐也会以一杯茶结束。
中国有句俗话说：“开门七件事，柴米油盐酱醋茶”。
但是，不同地区的人可能偏爱不同的茶。
从加工工艺来看，中国茶主要分为六类。
绿茶3 绿茶是最早的茶叶之一，以未发酵的茶叶为特征。
绿茶以其浓郁的香气、良好的口感和优雅的外形而闻名，并给人持久的力量感。
传统绿茶在国内外都很受欢迎。
著名的绿茶品种有西湖龙井、洞庭碧螺春、黄山毛峰、六安瓜片等。
乌龙茶4 乌龙茶，字面意思是黑龙茶，是一种介于绿茶和红茶之间的氧化茶。
乌龙茶的味道和红茶不同，更接近绿茶。
不具红茶的玫瑰、香甜味，但同样也没有绿茶特有的刺鼻的青草味。
乌龙茶被认为有助于脂肪分解，帮助减肥和保持健康。
这种茶一般沏成浓茶，回甘甜美。
乌龙茶通常受福建人和广东潮汕人偏爱。
大红袍、铁观音、冻顶乌龙茶是乌龙茶中的极品。
白茶5 白茶的特点是叶子几乎不经过氧化处理。
作为一种微发酵的茶，白茶具有淡淡的清香，冲泡时呈淡黄色。
白茶是用最新、最嫩、手工采摘的叶尖和芽制成的。
白茶是福建省的特产，是世界上最稀有、最壮观的茶叶之一。
白茶有着200多年的历史，它的发源地是福鼎市，那里种植着一种大叶型的茶树，叫做福鼎大白。
最受欢迎的白茶品种包括白毫银珍和白牡丹。
红茶6 红茶是一种比绿茶、乌龙茶和白茶氧化程度更高的茶。
一般来说，其味道比氧化程度低的茶更浓郁，含有更多的咖啡因。
从跨文化交际角度谈英汉谚语翻译
从跨文化交际角度谈英汉谚语翻译作者：张月辉王文静来源：《西部论丛》2018年第11期摘要：通过谚语，我们能够了解到一个民族的生产和生活状态。
谚语能够反映一个民族的语言与文化。
甚至可以这么认为，谚语跟社会的多个方面息息相关。
通过进一步分析，我们可以了解到谚语跟文化和风俗习惯、宗教信仰有着密切的关系。
英语和汉语中的谚语不仅在表达方面存在一定的差异，而且在寓意上差异非常大。
在当今跨文化交际的时代，谚语的翻译显得非常重要。
笔者从跨文化的角度对英汉谚语翻译进行了探究。
关键词：跨文化交际英汉谚语翻译前言在文化交流越来越频繁的过程中，我们对语言的翻译不仅仅只注重于技巧的研究，更要注意从文化的角度去进行翻译。
翻译的本质是对语言和文字之间进行灵活转换。
而通过英汉谚语的翻译，我们能够对多种文化之间的转换有更为深入的认识和研究。
1.英语谚语翻译跨文化因素分析通过对文化的内容及本质进行分析，我们知道文化是较为复杂的。
文化不但包括了知识和道德，还包括了法律、风俗等。
另外，语言和文化有着紧密的联系，文化在语言中占据了非常重要的地位。
我国和以英语为母语的国家的民族差异较大，所以也就导致了文化内容的差异化。
如何实现英汉谚语之间的翻译，这是非常重要的。
1.1跨文化概念阐述所谓的跨文化，就是指的是“对于与本民族文化有差异或冲突的文化现象、风俗、习惯等有充分正确的认识，并在此基础上以包容的态度予以接受与适应。
”跨文化的表现形式不仅包括地理环境和风俗传统，还包括传统习惯、价值观观念诸多因素。
要想使谚语的翻译更加准确，我们就有必要深度了解文化的差异和历史、背景。
唯有如此，我们使学习谚语的翻译的效果更好。
1.2影响英汉谚语互译的跨文化因素分析我们中华民族具有几千年的历史文化，其中的谚语非常丰富。
由于以英语为母语的国家跟我们中华民族的差异较大，不仅文化背景不同，而且风俗信仰存在显著的差异。
所以，我们在翻译谚语的时候，一定要考虑跨文化因素的影响。
【VIP专享】跨文化交际 unit1~6 课后translation中英对照
Unit 1 Page 22The growth of intercultural communication as a field of study is based on a view o f history that clearly demonstrates people and cultures have been troubled by a pers istent inability to understand and get along with groups and societies removed by sp ace, ideology, appearance, and behavior from their own. What is intriguing about m any of human civilization's failure is that they appear to be personal as well as globa l. The story of humankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-face conflicts as well as international misunderstanding--major and minor quarrels that range from simple name-calling to isolationism or even armed conflict.It is obvious that increased contact with other cultures and subcultures makes it i mperative for us to make a concerted effort to get along with and to try to understa nd people whose beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our own. Th e ability, through increased awareness and understanding, to peacefully coexist with people who do not necessarily share our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only in our own neighborhoods but could be the decisive factor in maintaining world pea ce.纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
跨文化交际中英文化对比课文参考译文U1
第一单元语言：汉语与英语Section A 汉语Passage 1 中文的方方面面1汉语是汉藏语系的一个分支，由数百种地方语言组成，其中许多语言互不相通。
据估计，10多亿人的第一语言是某种形式的汉语作。
历史2古汉语是经证明最古老的汉语，是所有现代汉语变体的始祖。
从先秦到晋代都使用过古文。
中国最早的文字记载出现在3000多年前，最早的例子是商代末年甲骨上的占卜铭文。
在随后的周朝，青铜器铭文变得丰富起来。
周朝后半期文学繁荣发展，包括《论语》、《孟子》、《春秋》等经典著作。
这些作品都是文言文的典范。
3中古汉语是南北朝和隋唐宋时期使用的语言，可以分为以韵书《切韵》为标志的早期中古汉语，和以切韵系统的指南“韵表”为标志的晚期中古汉语。
中古汉语是恢复早期汉语发音的口传的起点。
4北宋灭亡后，在晋朝和元朝时期，中国北方出现了一种通用语（现在称为旧官话）。
明清时期的官员们使用基于普通话变体的“官话”来管理国家。
在明清时期的多半时间里，这种语言是以南京地区的方言为基础的，但与任何一种方言都不完全相同。
到1909年，即将灭亡的清朝将北京话定为“国语”5中华人民共和国继续推行共同的国语，于1956年正式确定了中国的标准语言。
普通话是现代汉语的标准形式，以北京语音系统为发音规范，以北方方言为方言基础，以白话文学语言为语法规范。
在中国，普通话现在被用于教育、媒体和正式场合。
汉语是联合国六种官方语言之一。
发音7 汉字不能可靠地指明其发音。
因此，对于那些不识汉字的人来说，将汉语音译成拉丁字母是很有用的。
拼音系统是在20世纪50年代由许多语言学家在早期汉语罗马化形式的基础上发展起来的。
1958年由中国政府出版，并多次修订。
国际标准化组织（ISO）于1982年将拼音作为一项国际标准，随后于1986年被联合国采用。
8声母和韵母构成拼音的基本要素。
普通话的每个音节都可以用一个声母后跟一个韵母拼写，或者在某些情况下只有一个韵母，但特殊音节er或后缀-r被视为音节的一部分时除外。
跨文化交际-浅谈英汉文化差异与翻译
跨文化交际—浅谈英汉文化差异与翻译摘要：语言是文化的一部分，又是文化的映像。
语言和文化相互作用，相互影响，理解语言必须了解文化，理解文化必须了解语言。
只有对文化有了的充分了解之后，了解到它们之间的文化差异，才能实现对原文的原貌再现。
英汉文化差异主要在于受价值观念、文化心理与象征、审美取向、宗教意识等特征的影响，因此译者必须十分熟悉英汉语言文化的差异，提高双语的文化修养，才能更完整地传递文化信息。
关键词：文化差异语言翻译《圣经·旧约·创世纪》中有记：大洪水过后，诺亚的子孙在示拿地安下身在，其时人们言语相同，口音相通，然而安身并非意味着立命，为了给自己扬名，以免被驱散于地之四级，众人便决定建造一座城，城中竖起一座塔，塔顶高耸入云，名曰通天塔（the Babel,或译为“巴别塔”）；忤逆之举一出，耶和华大为震怒，于是上帝变乱了人类的语言，并将其遣散于地之四方，以示惩戒。
至此，上帝借以命名万物的纯语言（pure language）不复存在，人类再也无法以同样的言语相互交流，而要实现彼此间的沟通，就只有借助于翻译来重建那传说中的通天塔了。
然而又谈何容易，翻译从来就不是以举手之劳所能成就的事情或事业，谓翻译之难，难于上青天，此言并非空穴来风，亦无些微渲染之嫌，如其不然，英国学界之执牛耳者瑞查兹（I.A.Richards）当年概不至于作如下感发：在宇宙演化过程中，翻译堪称最为复杂之事件，亦未可知。
语言是意义的载体，因此要完整的把一国语言翻译为另一国语言，译者则必须了解这两国的双语文化知识。
不同的语言转换必须服从特定的文化要求，翻译不仅是语言的转换，更是文化信息的传递，语言的转换只是翻译的表层，而文化信息的传递才是翻译的实质。
因此，要更深刻，更贴切地传递原文的内在信息，译者必须探明英汉双语的文化特征及其差异，并将双语的文化内涵适当对接，真实地再现原文的面貌。
由此可见，译者的双语文化知识在其成功的翻译中起着决定性作用。
【免费下载】跨文化交际 unit1~6 课后translation中英对照
Unit 1 Page 22The growth of intercultural communication as a field of study is based on a view o f history that clearly demonstrates people and cultures have been troubled by a pers istent inability to understand and get along with groups and societies removed by sp ace, ideology, appearance, and behavior from their own. What is intriguing about m any of human civilization's failure is that they appear to be personal as well as globa l. The story of humankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-face conflicts as well as international misunderstanding--major and minor quarrels that range from simple name-calling to isolationism or even armed conflict.It is obvious that increased contact with other cultures and subcultures makes it i mperative for us to make a concerted effort to get along with and to try to understa nd people whose beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our own. Th e ability, through increased awareness and understanding, to peacefully coexist with people who do not necessarily share our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only in our own neighborhoods but could be the decisive factor in maintaining world pea ce.纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
跨文化交际课文翻译
关于跨文化交流，跨文化市场才是第一的真正的首要的范本。
考虑到古罗马帝国的市民，他们是第一个诞生商店的地球文明。
商人们通过在商店的上面树立旗帜来展示他们商品货物的图片来解决跨文化市场的困扰。
这种做法不仅能为罗马帝国中未受过教育的市民服务还能帮助罗马商人们获得被他们用武力征服的殖民地的商业信息。
回顾过去，我们会发现两千多年前的亚里士多德曾明确说过：“有效劝服基本的信念仍可以把他应用到今天的买卖商品上然而在古代的雅典可能会引起一场大的争论”。
很明显的可以看出，交流是现代市场的根基。
毋庸置疑，全球化市场的时代已经到来。
每年超过4万件的商品货物进入国际市场，其中超过一半是来自美国。
这里面85%的商品都不合格。
通往国际化市场成功的道路是建立在失败的市场垃圾碎片和广泛的广告活动之上的。
他们中的大多数之所以会失败，是因为跨文化交流被曲解了。
在跨文化市场里，如果你想把低劣的语言举止降低到最小，那么就不假定任何事情。
几乎我们都听说过关于美国通用汽车公司，他们尽力想把他们的雪佛兰牌汽车销往拉美国家。
但是雪佛兰在说西班牙语的拉美国家按字面意思是不能行走。
当公司发现汽车买不出去的原因时，他们就把车重新命名，然后销往这些国家。
福特汽车公司，美国又一个汽车界的领头羊，也有类似的问题。
他们的pinto 牌汽车在当地也没有达到预期的销售，原因时他们的汽车其意思在当地为男性生殖器。
最终福特公司把所有的名牌汽车重新命名为corcel，其意思为骏马。
伊莱克斯，一个日用电器制造者，其在英国获得了很大的成功。
不幸的是，他们的广告招牌的意思在美国和英国大不相同。
在美国，suck的意思是多虱子的。
英国的牙膏生产商在法国制造出来了一种牙膏叫cue。
它被人们所耻笑。
因为它的名字使人想起了臭名昭著的色情杂志——Cue。
但是市场中的文化意识更多于细心的翻译。
每一文化都有其微妙之处，当然也有其鲜明的禁忌。
尽管大多数的人不能列出他们自己文化的规则，但是他们很明白什么时候这些禁忌被触碰了。
跨文化交际课后翻译原文1--8单元
Translation1The growth of intercultural communication as a field of study is based on a view of history that clearly demonstrates people and cultures have been troubled by a persistent inability to understand and get along with groups and societies removed by space, ideology, appearance, and behavior from their own. What is intriguing about many of human civilization’s failure is that they appear to be personal as well as global. The story of humankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-face conflicts as well as international misunderstanding--major and minor quarrels that range from simple name-calling to isolationism tr even armed conflict. It is obvious that increases contact with other cultures and subcultures make it imperative for us to make a concerted effort to understand and get along with people whose beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our own. The ability, through increased awareness and understanding, to peacefully coexist with people who do not necessarily share our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only in our own neighborhoods but could be the decisive factor in maintaining would peace. Translation 2Culture is something referred to as our mental programming, our “software of the mind.”But we can take that computer analogy further and say that culture is the operating environment that enables software programs to run. Culture is like DOS or Unix or Windows:it is what enables us to process information in various specific applications. The metaphor of windows seems to be very appealing to describe culture：culture is a mental set of windows through which all of life is viewed. It varies from individual to individual within a society, but it shares important characteristics with members of a society. Culture is like the water fish swim in--a reality that is taken for granted and rarely examined. It is in the air we breathe and is as necessary to our understanding of who we are as air is to our physical life. Culture is the property of a community people, not simply a characteristic of individuals. Societies are programmed by culture, and that programming comes from similar life experiences and similar interpretations of what those experiences mean. If culture is mental programming, it is also a mental map of reality. It tells us from early childhood what matters, what o prefer, what to avoid, and what to do. Culture also tells us what ought to be . It gives us assumptions about the ideal beyond what individuals may experience. It helps us in setting priorities. It establishes codes for behavior and provides justification and legitimization for that behavior.Translation 3Although each of us has a unique set of values, there also are values that tend to permeate a culture. These are called cultural values. Cultural values generally are normative in that they inform a member of a culture what is good and bad, right and false, positive and negative, and the like. Cultural values define what is worthwhile to die for, what is worth protecting, what frightens people and their social systems, what are considered proper subjects for study and for ridicule, and what types of events lead individuals to group solidarity. Cultural values also specify what behaviors are of importance and which should be avoided within a culture. Values represent a learned organization of rules for making choices and for resolving conflicts. The values held by participants in intercultural communication are important because values develop standards and guidelines that establish appropriate and inappropriate behaviors in a society. Values, in other words, help determine how people ought to behave with the result that people will exhibit and expect behaviors according to their value systems. To the extent that cultural value systems differ, we may expect that intercultural communication participants will tend to exhibit and to expect different under similar circumstance.Translation 4When we say that language is always ambiguous, what we mean is that we can never fully control the meaning of the things we say and write. The meanings we exchange by speaking and by writing are not given in the words and sentences alone but are also constructed partly out of what our listeners and our readers interpret them to mean. To put this quite another way, meaning in language is jointly constructed by the participants in communication. Language is inherently ambiguous. It means that in order to communicate we must always jump to conclusions about what other mean. There is no way around this. When someone says something, w must jump to some conclusion about what he or she means. We draw inferences based on two main sources. 1, the language they have used, and 2, our knowledge about the world. The knowledge includes expectations about what people would normally say in such circumstances. Language is ambiguous. This means that we can never be certain what the other person means--whether in speaking or writing. To put it another way, language can never fully express our meanings. But what does this mean for intercultural communication? In the first place it should be clear that communication works better the more the participants share assumptions and knowledge about the world. Where two people have very similar histories, backgrounds, and experiences, their communication works fairly easily because the inferences each makes about what the other means will be based on common experience and knowledge. Two people from the same village and the same family are likely to make fewer mistakes in drawing inferences about what the other means than two people from different cities on different sides of the earth.Translation 5Where any two people differ in group membership because they are of different genders, different ages, different ethnic or culture groups, different educations, different parts of the same country or even city, different income or occupational groups, or with very different personal histories, each will find it more difficult to draw inferences about what the other person means.In the contemporary world of international and intercultural communication, the differences between people are considerable. People are in daily contact with members of cultures and other groups from all around the world. Successful communication is based on sharing as much as possible the assumptions we make about what others mean. When we are communicating with people who are very different from us, it is very difficult to know how ti draw inferences about what they mean, and so it is impossible to depend on shared knowledge and background for confidence in our interpretation.It has been found that men and women from the same culture, even from the sane families, often misunderstand each other because of different assumptions they make about the purposes or goals of their communication. A man may wish to make a woman happy by giving her a gift of something she really wants. He asks her what she would like to have for her birthday--- she can ask for anything. Unfortunately, what she wants more than anything else is for him to know intuitively what she would like to have. Men and women, at least in North American society, tend to differ in their concern for explicitness or for indirection. A woman is likely to think it is important for someone to show how well he knows her by not having to ask explicitly what she wants. A man in that situation, however, feels beast about the situation if he is told quiet directly and explicitly how he can make her happy.Translation 6Non-verbal communication might be thought of as any form of communication which is not directly dependent on the use of language. Generally speaking, however, it is very difficult to know where to separate verbal and non-verbal forms of communication. Such non-verbal aspects of communication as nodding the head most often accompany speech and are part and parcel of the verbal system of language use. On the other hand such forms of communication as dance and music often have no verbal component at all. What we want to here is simply to call attention to the fact that many aspects of human interaction depend upon forms of communication which can not be easily transcribed into words and yet are crucial to our understanding to each other.Of course we have to emphasize the importance of communication in speaking and writing, and yet we should also realize that much much communication also takes place without the use of words. The way a person dresses for a meeting may suggestion to other participants how he or she is prepared to participate in it. In fact, we can use virtually any aspect of our behavior or our presentation which others can perceive as means of communication.Translation 7Many people today want to do many things within so little time. The sense o time might be called time urgency, it is a syndrome of behavior in which the persons continually tries to accomplish more than can be humanly accomplished. Until very recently, time urgency was thought to be a characteristics of Americans, particularly American males in the generation born in the period from the Great Depression through to the end of the World War .It should be obvious that that this sense of time urgency is no longer a cultural characteristic of just this one generation of American males. It is a characteristic of the Asian “salary man”, and is spreading throughout the world rapidly as one aspect of the internationalization of business.One of the most important effects of this sense of time is that in communication it will almost produce a negative evaluation to the slower participants by the faster participants. Those who share in this concept of time urgency will come to see anyone who moves more slowly than they do as conservative, as uncooperative, as resistant to change, and as opposing progress. Behind the concept of time urgency is the idea that what lies ahead in the future is always better than what lies behind in the past; it based solidly on the belief in progress.Translation 8If we accept the belief that our past influences our view of reality and the corresponding tenet that each of us may have similar but not identical personal histories, then it should follow that another person’s picture of the universe will not be exactly like ours. Yet most of us act as if our way of perceiving things is the correct and only way. We often overwork perceptual differences and conclude that if the other person doesn’t see that Pablo Picasso is the greatest artist that ever lived, he simply does not art. Actually, it may well be that he has a different past history and what is great art for him may not match our perception of art.In our daily activities these differences in perception appear between different groups. Various generations, minorities, occupation and cultures have conflicting values and goals that will influence their orientation and interpretation of reality.Our culture is a major of factor in perceptual discrepancies. Culture helps supply us with our perceptive of reality. It therefore plays a dominant role in intercultural communication. Our cultures tell us, in a variety of ways, how to judge others and what to use as criteria for those judgments. The danger of such evaluations is that they are often false, misleading, and arbitrary. It is truly a naive view of the world to believe and behave as if we an our culture have discovered the true and only set of norms.。