美赛A题翻译
2013年美赛MCM题目A评委点评中文翻译
介绍今年的焦点问题是如何实现质量和数量的平衡。
在质量方面，尽可能使热量均匀地分布。
目标是降低或避免矩形烤盘四个边角发生热量聚集的情况。
所以解决热量均匀分布这方面的问题，使用圆形烤盘是最佳的选择。
在数量方面，应该使烤盘充分的占据烤箱的空间。
所以我们的目的是使用尽可能多的烤盘来充分占据烤箱的空间，此时矩形烤盘是最佳选择。
对于这方面的问题的解决，就要考虑烤盘在烤箱水平截面上所占的比率。
在这个评论中，我们首先描述判断步骤，然后再讨论队伍对于三个问题的求解。
下一个话题就是论文的灵敏度和假设，紧随其后讨论确定一个给定方法的优势和劣势。
最后，我们简短的讨论一下参考和引用之间的区别。
过程第一轮的判别被称为“分流轮”。
这些初始轮的主要思想是确定论文应被给予更详细的考虑。
每篇论文应该至少阅读两次。
在阅读一篇论文的时候，评审的主要问题是论文是否包含所有必要的成分,使它成为一个候选人最详细的阅读。
在这些初始轮中，评审的时间是有限制的，所以我们要尽量让每一篇论文得到一个好的评判。
如果一篇论文解决了所有的问题，就会让评审觉得你的模型建立是合理的。
然后评审可能会认为你的论文是值得注意的。
有些论文在初轮评审中可能会得到不太理想的评论。
特别值得注意的是，一篇好的摘要应该要对问题进行简要概述，另外，论文的概述和方法，队员之间应该互相讨论，并且具体的结果应该在某种程度上被阐述或者表达出来。
在早期的几轮中，一些小细节能够有突出的表现，包括目录，它更便于评委看论文，同时在看论文的时候可能会有更高的期待。
问题求解也很重要。
最后，方法和结果要清晰简明的表达是至关重要的。
另外，在每个部分的开始，应该对那个部分进行一个概述。
在竞赛中，建模的过程是很重要的，同时也包括结论的表达。
如果结果没有确切和充分的表达，那么再好的模型和再大努力也是没有用的。
最后的回合最后一轮阅读的第一轮开始于评委会会议。
在这个会议中，评委将进行讨论，他们会分享他们各自认为的问题的关键方面。
2013年美赛A中文翻译(标准版)
问题A：终极布朗妮平锅当用长方形平底锅炒菜时，热集中于四个角，因此四个角的食物就炒糊了（四个边上的食物炒糊的程度略微轻一点）。
用圆形平底锅时，热会均匀地分布在整个外部边缘，因此锅边的食物就不会炒得太过。
然而，大多数炉子在形状上都是长方形的，那么考虑到炉子的空间使用，用圆形平底锅就不是很经济。
建立一个模型来说明热在不同形状的平底锅外部边缘的分布——长方形平底锅，圆形平底锅或介于两都者之间的其他形状的平底锅。
假设：1.长方形炉子的宽长比为W/L。
2.每个平底锅必须有一个面积A。
3.最初的时候，炉子里两个层架的空间是均匀的。
建立一个模型，基于以下条件，用以选择最好的平底锅（形状）：1.使适合炉子的平底锅的数量最大化（N）。
2.使平底锅上热（H）的平均分布最大化。
3.优化条件（1）和（2）的组合，条件（1）和（2）的权重P和（1－P）是用来表示结果是如何随着W/L和p的取值变化而变化的。
除了根据MCM格式要求的解决方案外，你还需为新一期的“布朗妮美食杂志”准备一到两页的广告页来突出你的设计和结果。
Hewlett-PackardHP LaserJet 1018PROBLEM A: The Ultimate Brownie PanWhen baking in a rectangular pan heat is concentrated in the 4 corners and the product gets overcooked at the corners (and to a lesser extent at the edges). In a round pan the heat is distributed evenly over the entire outer edge and the product is not overcooked at the edges. However, since most ovens are rectangular in shape using round pans is not efficient with respect to using the space in an oven.Develop a model to show the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes - rectangular to circular and other shapes in between.Assume1. A width to length ratio of W/L for the oven which is rectangular in shape.2. Each pan must have an area of A.3. Initially two racks in the oven, evenly spaced.Develop a model that can be used to select the best type of pan (shape) under the following conditions:1. Maximize number of pans that can fit in the oven (N)2. Maximize even distribution of heat (H) for the pan3. Optimize a combination of conditions (1) and (2) where weights p and (1- p) are assigned to illustrate how the results vary with different values of W/L and p.In addition to your MCM formatted solution, prepare a one to two page advertising sheet for the new Brownie Gourmet Magazine highlighting your design and results.。
2011AMC10美国数学竞赛A卷附中文翻译和答案
2011A M C10美国数学竞赛A卷附中文翻译和答案2011AMC10美国数学竞赛A卷1. A cell phone plan costs $20 each month, plus 5¢ per text message sent, plus 10¢ for each minute used over 30 hours. In January Michelle sent 100 text messages and talked for 30.5 hours. How much did she have to pay?(A) $24.00 (B) $24.50 (C) $25.50 (D) $28.00 (E) $30.002. A small bottle of shampoo can hold 35 milliliters of shampoo, Whereas a large bottle can hold 500 milliliters of shampoo. Jasmine wants to buy the minimum number of small bottles necessary to completely fill a large bottle. How many bottles must she buy?(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 14 (E) 153. Suppose [a b] denotes the average of a and b, and {a b c} denotes the average of a, b, and c. What is {{1 1 0} [0 1] 0}?(A) 29(B)518(C)13(D) 718(E) 234. Let X and Y be the following sums of arithmetic sequences:X= 10 + 12 + 14 + …+ 100.Y= 12 + 14 + 16 + …+ 102.What is the value of Y X?(A) 92 (B) 98 (C) 100 (D) 102 (E) 1125. At an elementary school, the students in third grade, fourth grade, and fifth grade run an average of 12, 15, and 10 minutes per day, respectively. There are twice asmany third graders as fourth graders, and twice as many fourth graders as fifth graders. What is the average number of minutes run per day by these students?(A) 12(B) 373 (C) 887 (D) 13 (E) 146. Set A has 20 elements, and set B has 15 elements. What is the smallest possible number of elements in A ∪B, the union of A and B?(A) 5(B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 35 (E) 3007. Which of the following equations does NOT have a solution?(A)2(7)0x +=(B) -350x += 20=80=(E) -340x -=8. Last summer 30% of the birds living on Town Lake were geese, 25% were swans, 10% were herons, and 35% were ducks. What percent of the birds that were not swans were geese?(A) 20(B) 30 (C) 40 (D) 50 (E) 609. A rectangular region is bounded by the graphs of the equations y=a, y=-b, x=-c, and x=d, where a, b, c, and d are all positive numbers. Which of the following represents the area of this region?(A) ac + ad + bc + bd(B) ac – ad + bc – bd (C) ac + ad – bc – bd (D) –ac –ad + bc + bd(E) ac – ad – bc + bd10. A majority of the 20 students in Ms. Deameanor’s class bought pencils at theschool bookstore. Each of these students bought the same number of pencils, and this number was greater than 1. The cost of a pencil in cents was greater than the number of pencils each student bought, and the total cost of all the pencils was $17.71. What was the cost of a pencil in cents?(A) 7(B) 11 (C) 17 (D) 23 (E) 7711. Square EFGH has one vertex on each side of square ABCD. Point E is on AB with AE=7·EB. What is the ratio of the area of EFGH to the area of ABCD?(A)4964 (B) 2532 (C) 78 (D) 8 (E) 412. The players on a basketball team made some three-point shots, some two-pointshots, some one-point free throws. They scored as many points with two-point shots as with three-point shots. Their number of successful free throws was one more than their number of successful two-point shots. The team’s total score was 61 points. Howmany free throws did they make?(A) 13 (B) 14 (C) 15 (D) 16 (E) 1713. How many even integers are there between 200 and 700 whose digits are all different and come from the set {1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9}?(A) 12 (B)20 (C)72 (D) 120 (E) 20014. A pair of standard 6-sided fair dice is rolled once. The sum of the numbers rolled determines the diameter of a circle. What is the probability that the numerical value of the area of the circle is less than the numerical value of the circle’s circumference?(A) 136(B)112(C)16(D) 14(E) 51815. Roy bought a new battery-gasoline hybrid car. On a trip the car ran exclusively on its battery for the first 40 miles, then ran exclusively on gasoline for the rest of the trip, using gasoline at a rate of 0.02 gallons per mile. On the whole trip he averaged55 miles per gallon. How long was the trip in miles?(A) 140 (B) 240 (C) 440 (D) 640 (E) 84016. Which of the following in equal to(A)(B) (D) (E) 617. In the eight-term sequence A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, the value of C is 5 and the sum of any three consecutive terms is 30. What is A + H?(A) 17(B) 18 (C) 25 (D) 26 (E) 4318. Circles A, B, and C each have radius 1. Circles A and B share one point oftangency. Circle C has a point of tangency with the midpoint of AB. What is the area inside Circle C but outside Circle A and Circle B? (A) 32π- (B) 2π(C) 2 (D) 34π (E) 12π+19. In 1991 the population of a town was a perfect square. Ten years later, after anincrease of 150 people, the population was 9 more than a perfect square. Now, in 2011, with an increase of another 150 people, the population is once again a perfect square. Which of the following is closest to the pe rcent growth of the town’s populationduring this twenty-year period?(A) 42(B) 47 (C) 52 (D) 57 (E) 6220. Two points on the circumference of a circle of radius r are selected independently and at random. From each point a chord of length r is drawn in a clockwise direction. What is the probability that the two chords intersect? (A) 16 (B) 15 (C) 14 (D) 13 (E) 1221. Two counterfeit coins of equal weight are mixed with 8 identical genuine coins. The weight of each of the counterfeit coins is different from the weight of each of the genuine coins. A pair of coins is selected at random without replacement from the 10coins. A second pair is selected at random without replacement from the remaining 8 coins. The combined weight of the first pair is equal to the combined weight of the second pair. What is the probability that all 4 selected coins are genuine?(A) 711(B) 913(C) 1115(D) 1519(E) 151622. Each vertex of convex pentagon ABCDE is to be assigned a color. There are 6 colors to choose from, and the ends of each diagonal must have different colors. How many different colorings are possible?(A) 2500 (B) 2880 (C) 3120 (D) 3250 (E) 375023. Seven students count from 1 to 1000 as follows:·Alice says all the numbers, except she skips the middle number in each consecutive group of three numbers. That is Alice says 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, …, 997, 999, 1000.·Barbara says all of the numbers that Alice doesn’t say, except she also skips the middle number in each consecutive grope of three numbers.·Candice says all of the numbers that neither Alice nor Barbara says, except she also skips the middle number in each consecutive group of three numbers. ·Debbie, Eliza, and Fatima say all of the numbers that none of the students with the first names beginning before theirs in the alphabet say, except each also skips the middle number in each of her consecutive groups of three numbers.·Finally, George says the only number that no one else says.What number does George say?(A) 37(B) 242 (C) 365 (D) 728 (E) 99824. Two distinct regular tetrahedra have all their vertices among the vertices of the same unit cube. What is the volume of the region formed by the intersection of the tetrahedra?(A)112 (B) 12 (C) 12 (D) 16 (E) 625. Let R be a square region and 4n an integer. A point X in the interior of R is called n-ray partitional if there are n rays emanating from X that divide R into Ntriangles of equal area. How many points are 100-ray partitional but not 60-raypartitional?(A) 1500(B) 1560 (C) 2320 (D) 2480 (E) 25002011AMC10美国数学竞赛A 卷1. 某通讯公司手机每个月基本费为20美元, 每传送一则简讯收 5美分（一美元=100 美分）。
05年美国大学生数学建模竞赛A题特等奖论文翻译
在每一时刻流出水的体积等于裂口的面积乘以水的速率乘以时间：
h h Vwater leaeing = wbreach (
−
lake
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dam
water
leaving ttime
step
其中：V 是体积， w 是宽度， h 是高度， s 是速度， t 是时间。
我们假设该湖是一个大的直边贮槽，所以当水的高度确定时，其面积不改变。 这意味着，湖的高度等于体积除以面积
在南卡罗莱那州的中央，一个湖被一个 75 年的土坝抑制。如果大坝被地震破坏 将会发生什么事？这个担心是基于1886年发生在查尔斯顿的一场地震,科学家们 相信它里氏7.3级[联邦能源管理委员会2002]。断层线的位置几乎直接在穆雷湖 底(SCIway 2000;1997，1998年南CarolinaGeological调查)和在这个地区小地震 的频率迫使当局考虑这样一个灾难的后果。
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这里的上层指数表示时间和较低的空间， λ 是时间与空间步长的大小的比值。
（我们的模型转换以距离和时间做模型的单位，因此每个步长为 1）。第二个条 件的作用是受潮尖峰，因为它看起来不同并补偿于在每个点的任一边上的点。
我们发现该模型对粗糙度参数 n 高度敏感（注意，这是只在通道中的有效粗 糙度）。当 n 很大（即使在大河流的标准值 0.03）。对水流 和洪水堆积的倾向有 较高的抗拒，这将导致过量的陡水深资料，而且往往使模型崩溃。幸运的是，我
我们的任务是预测沿着Saluda河从湖穆雷大坝到哥伦比亚的水位变化，如果 发生了1886年相同规模的地震破坏了大坝。特别是支流罗尔斯溪会回流多远和哥 伦比亚南卡罗来纳州的州议会大厦附近的水位会多高。
数学建模美赛题目及翻译
PROBLEM A: The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass RuleIn countries where driving automobiles on the right is the rule (that is, USA, China and most other countries except for Great Britain, Australia, and some former British colonies), multi-lane freeways often employ a rule that requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle, in which case they move one lane to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane.Build and analyze a mathematical model to analyze the performance of this rule in light and heavy traffic. You may wish to examine tradeoffs between traffic flow and safety, the role of under- or over-posted speed limits (that is, speed limits that are too low or too high), and/or other factors that may not be explicitly called out in this problem statement. Is this rule effective in promoting better traffic flow? If not, suggest and analyze alternatives (to include possibly no rule of this kind at all) that might promote greater traffic flow, safety, and/or other factors that you deem important.In countries where driving automobiles on the left is the norm, argue whether or not your solution can be carried over with a simple change of orientation, or would additional requirementsbe needed.Lastly, the rule as stated above relies upon human judgment for compliance. If vehicle transportation on the same roadway was fully under the control of an intelligent system – either part ofthe road network or imbedded in the design of all vehicles using the roadway – to what extent would this change the results ofyour earlier analysis?问题A ：除非超车否则靠右行驶的交通规则在一些汽车靠右行驶的国家（比如美国，中国等等），多车道的高速公路常常遵循以下原则：司机必须在最右侧驾驶，除非他们正在超车，超车时必须先移到左侧车道在超车后再返回。
2021美赛A题翻译
2021美赛A题翻译2021 MCM Problem A A Hot Bath 热水浴A person fills a bathtub with hot water from a single faucet and settles into the bathtub to cleanse and relax. Unfortunately, the bathtub is not a spa-style tub with a secondary heating system and circulating jets, but rather a simple water containment vessel. After a while, the bath gets noticeably cooler, so the person adds a constant trickle of hot water from the faucet to reheat the bathing water. The bathtub is designed in such a way that when the tub reaches its capacity, excess water escapes through an overflow drain.一个人用热水从一个水龙头里灌满一个浴缸，然后躺在浴缸中，清洗和放松。
不幸的是，这个浴缸不是一个具有二次加热系统和循环射流的温泉式浴缸，而是一个简单的水容器。
过了一会儿，洗澡水就会明显变凉，所以这个人增加了一个可以恒定流出热水的水龙头来重新加热洗澡水。
该浴缸的设计是：当浴缸达到最大容量时，多余的水可以通过溢漏排出去。
Develop a model of the temperature of the bathtub water in space and time to determine the best strategy the person in the bathtub can adopt to keep thetemperature even throughout the bathtub and as close as possible to the initial temperature without wasting too much water. Use your model to determine the extent to which your strategy depends upon the shape and volume of the tub, the shape/volume/temperature of the person in the bathtub, and the motions made by the person in the bathtub. If the person used a bubble bath additive while initially filling the bathtub to assist in cleansing, how would this affect your model’s results? In addition to the required one-page summary for your MCM submission, your report must include a one-page non-technical explanation for users of the bathtub that describes your strategy while explaining why it is so difficult to get an evenly maintained temperature throughout the bath water. 在空间和时间上开发一个浴缸的水的温度模型，以确定在浴缸的人可以采取的最佳策略以来保持温度，并用最节省的水量来使整个浴缸的温度尽可能接近的初始温度。
2023年AMC10美国数学竞赛A卷附中文翻译和答案
2023AMC10美国数学竞赛A卷1. A cell phone plan costs $20 each month, plus 5¢ per text message sent, plus 10¢ for each minute used over 30 hours. In January Michelle sent 100 text messages and talked for 30.5 hours. How much did she have to pay?(A) $24.00 (B) $24.50 (C) $25.50 (D) $28.00 (E) $30.002. A small bottle of shampoo can hold 35 milliliters of shampoo, Whereas a large bottle can hold 500 milliliters of shampoo. Jasmine wants to buy the minimum number of small bottles necessary to completely fill a large bottle. How many bottles must she buy?(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 14 (E) 153. Suppose [a b] denotes the average of a and b, and {a b c} denotes the average of a, b, and c. What is {{1 1 0} [0 1] 0}?(A) (B)(C)(D) (E)4. Let X and Y be the following sums of arithmetic sequences:X= 10 + 12 + 14 + …+ 100.Y= 12 + 14 + 16 + …+ 102.What is the value of(A) 92 (B) 98 (C) 100 (D) 102 (E) 1125. At an elementary school, the students in third grade, fourth grade, and fifth grade run an average of 12, 15, and 10 minutes per day, respectively. There are twice as many third graders as fourth graders, and twice as many fourth graders as fifth graders. What is the average number of minutes run per day by these students?(A) 12 (B) (C) (D) 13 (E) 146. Set A has 20 elements, and set B has 15 elements. What is the smallest possible number of elements in A∪B, the union of A and B?(A) 5 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 35 (E) 3007. Which of the following equations does NOT have a solution?(A) (B) (C)(D) (E)8. Last summer 30% of the birds living on Town Lake were geese, 25% were swans, 10% were herons, and 35% were ducks. What percent of the birds that were not swans were geese?(A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 40 (D) 50 (E) 609. A rectangular region is bounded by the graphs of the equations y=a, y=-b, x=-c, and x=d, where a, b, c, and d are all positive numbers. Which of the following represents the area of this region?(A) ac + ad + bc + bd (B) ac – ad + bc – bd (C) ac + ad – bc – bd(D) –ac –ad + bc + bd (E) ac – ad – bc + bd10. A majority of the 20 students in Ms. Deameanor’s class bought pencils at the school bookstore. Each of these students bought the same number of pencils, and this number was greater than 1. The cost of a pencil in cents was greater than the number of pencils each student bought, and the total cost of all the pencils was $17.71. What was the cost of a pencil in cents?(A) 7 (B) 11 (C) 17 (D) 23 (E) 7711. Square EFGH has one vertex on each side of square ABCD. Point E is on AB with AE=7·EB. What is the ratio of the area of EFGH to the area of ABCD?(A) (B)(C)(D) (E)12. The players on a basketball team made some three-point shots, some two-point shots, some one-point free throws. They scored as many points with two-point shots as with three-point shots. Their number of successful free throws was one more than their number of successful two-point shots. The team’s total score was 61 points. How many free throws did they make?(A) 13 (B) 14 (C) 15 (D) 16 (E) 1713. How many even integers are there between 200 and 700 whose digits are alldifferent and come from the set {1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9}?(A) 12 (B)20 (C)72 (D) 120 (E) 20014. A pair of standard 6-sided fair dice is rolled once. The sum of the numbers rolled determines the diameter of a circle. What is the probability that the numerical value of the area of the circle is less than the numerical value of the circle’s circumference?(A) (B)(C)(D) (E)15. Roy bought a new battery-gasoline hybrid car. On a trip the car ran exclusively on its battery for the first 40 miles, then ran exclusively on gasoline for the rest of the trip, using gasoline at a rate of 0.02 gallons per mile. On the whole trip he averaged55 miles per gallon. How long was the trip in miles?(A) 140 (B) 240 (C) 440 (D) 640 (E) 84016. Which of the following in equal to(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)17. In the eight-term sequence A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, the value of C is 5 and the sum of any three consecutive terms is 30. What is A + H?(A) 17 (B) 18 (C) 25 (D) 26 (E) 4318. Circles A, B, and C each have radius 1. Circles A and B share one point of tangency. Circle C has a point of tangency with the midpoint of AB. What is the area inside Circle C but outside Circle A and Circle B?(B) (C) (D) (E)(A)19. In 1991 the population of a town was a perfect square. Ten years later, after an increase of 150 people, the population was 9 more than a perfect square. Now, in 2023, with an increase of another 150 people, the population is once again a perfect square. Which of the following is closest to the percent growth of the town’s popu lation during this twenty-year period?(A) 42 (B) 47 (C) 52 (D) 57 (E) 6220. Two points on the circumference of a circle of radius r are selected independently and at random. From each point a chord of length r is drawn in a clockwise direction. What is the probability that the two chords intersect?(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)21. Two counterfeit coins of equal weight are mixed with 8 identical genuine coins. The weight of each of the counterfeit coins is different from the weight of each of the genuine coins. A pair of coins is selected at random without replacement from the 10 coins. A second pair is selected at random without replacement from the remaining 8coins. The combined weight of the first pair is equal to the combined weight of the second pair. What is the probability that all 4 selected coins are genuine?(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)22. Each vertex of convex pentagon ABCDE is to be assigned a color. There are 6 colors to choose from, and the ends of each diagonal must have different colors. How many different colorings are possible?(A) 2500 (B) 2880 (C) 3120 (D) 3250 (E) 375023. Seven students count from 1 to 1000 as follows:·Alice says all the numbers, except she skips the middle number in each consecutive group of thre e numbers. That is Alice says 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, …, 997, 999, 1000.·Barbara says all of the numbers that Alice doesn’t say, except she also skips the middle number in each consecutive grope of three numbers.·Candice says all of the numbers that neither Alice nor Barbara says, except she also skips the middle number in each consecutive group of three numbers. ·Debbie, Eliza, and Fatima say all of the numbers that none of the students with the first names beginning before theirs in the alphabet say, except each also skips the middle number in each of her consecutive groups of three numbers.·Finally, George says the only number that no one else says.What number does George say?(A) 37 (B) 242 (C) 365 (D) 728 (E) 99824. Two distinct regular tetrahedra have all their vertices among the vertices of the same unit cube. What is the volume of the region formed by the intersection of the tetrahedra?(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)an integer. A point X in the interior of R is25. Let R be a square region andcalled n-ray partitional if there are n rays emanating from X that divide R into N triangles of equal area. How many points are 100-ray partitional but not 60-ray partitional?(A) 1500 (B) 1560 (C) 2320 (D) 2480 (E) 25002023AMC10美国数学竞赛A卷1. 某通讯公司手机每月基本费为20美元, 每传送一则简讯收 5美分（一美元=100 美分）。
美赛题目翻译
美赛题目翻译————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2012美赛A题：一棵树的叶子（数学中国翻译）“一棵树的叶子有多重？”怎么能估计树的叶子（或者树的任何其它部分）的实际重量？怎样对叶子进行分类？建立一个数学模型来对叶子进行描述和分类。
模型要考虑和回答下面的问题：•为什么叶子具有各种形状？•叶子之间是要将相互重叠的部分最小化，以便可以最大限度的接触到阳光吗？树叶的分布以及树干和枝杈的体积影响叶子的形状吗？•就轮廓来讲，叶形（一般特征）是和树的轮廓以及分枝结构有关吗？•你将如何估计一棵树的叶子质量？叶子的质量和树的尺寸特征（包括和外形轮廓有关的高度、质量、体积）有联系吗？除了你的一页摘要以外，给科学杂志的编辑写一封信，阐述你的主要发现B：沿着Big Long River野营【数学中国翻译】0 i" k1 T3 h' B# u" ]游客在“大长河”(225英里)可以享受到秀丽的风光和令人兴奋的白色湍流。
这条河对于背包客来说是进不去的，因此畅游这条长河的唯一办法就是在这条河上露营上几天。
这次旅行从开始的下水点到最终结束点，共225英里，且是顺流而下的。
乘客可以选择平均4英里/小时的以浆作为动力的橡胶筏或者平均8英里/小时的机动帆船旅行。
整个旅行从开始到结束会经历6至18个夜晚。
负责管理这条河的政府机构希望到这里的每一次旅行都能够享受到野外经历，以最少的接触到在河上其它的船只。
目前，每年在六个月期间(一年的其余部分的天气对于河流旅行来说太冷)，共有X次旅行，有Y 处露营地，露营地均匀的分布整个河道。
由于漂流的受欢迎程度的上升，公园管理者已经被要求允许更多的旅行次数。
所以他们想确定怎样可能安排一个最优的混合的旅行方案，不同的时间(单位为夜)和推动方式(马达或浆)，最大限度的利用露营地。
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2017MCM
ProblemA:Managing TheZambeziRiver管理赞比西河
TheKaribaDamontheZambezi River is oneofthelarger dams inAfrica.Its constructionwas controversial, anda2015report bytheInstitute ofRisk Management ofSouth Africaincludedawarningthatthedamis indire need of maintenance.A numberofoptionsareavailabletotheZambezi River Authority(ZRA) thatmight addressthesituation.Threeoptionsinparticular are ofinteresttoZRA:
赞比西河上的卡里巴大坝是非洲的一个大水坝。
它的建设是有争议的，南非风险管理研
究所2015年的报告包括警告大坝急需维修。
一些由赞比西河管理局（ZRA）所接受的
方案，可能会解决问题。
特别是三个ZRA感兴趣的选择：
(Option1) Repairingthe existingKaribaDam,
修复现有的卡里巴大坝，
(Option2)Rebuildingthe existingKaribaDam,or
改造现有的卡里巴大坝，或者
(Option3) RemovingtheKaribaDam andreplacingitwithaseriesoftento
twentysmaller dams alongtheZambezi River.
移除卡里巴大坝并用沿赞比西河一系列的十到二十个小坝取代它。
There aretwomainrequirementsfor this problem:
这个问题有两个主要的要求：
Requirement1ZRAmanagementrequires a brief assessmentofthethree options
listed, withsufficientdetailtoprovide an overviewof potential costsand benefits
associatedwith eachoption. This requirementshouldnot exceedtwo pages
inlength,and mustbe providedinadditiontoyour mainreport.
要求一：ZRA管理要求对列出的三个选项作简要评价，提供足够的细节，提供与
每个选项相关的潜在成本和效益概述。
这一要求长度不超过两页，并且必须提供
您的主要报告.。
Requirement2Providea detailedanalysis ofOption(3) - removingtheKariba
Damandreplacingitwithaseries oftentotwentysmaller dams alongthe Zambezi river.
This newsystemof dams shouldhave thesame overall water
managementcapabilities as theexistingKaribaDamwhile providingthesameor
greater levels of protectionandwatermanagementoptionsfor LakeKaribathat are in placewith the existingdam.Your analysis mustsupportarecommendation as
tothenumber andplacementofthenewdamsalongtheZambezi River.
要求二：提供方案3的详细分析——去除卡里巴大坝，取而代之的是一系列的十到二十个沿Zambezi河的小坝。
这个新的水坝系统应该和现有的卡里巴大坝一样有
相同的综合水管理能力，并且为卡里巴湖提供现有的保护和水管理相同或更高的水平。
你的分析必须支持推荐为沿赞比西河修建水坝的数量和位置。
Inyour reportfor Requirement 2, youshouldincludeastrategyformodulatingthewater flowthroughyour newmultipledamsystemthat provides areasonable balance betweensafetyandcosts. Inaddition to addressingknown or predictednormal water cycles,your strategyshould provideguidance totheZRAmanagers thatexplains and
justifies the actions thatshouldbetakento properlyhandleemergency water flow situations (i.e.floodingand/orprolongedlowwater conditions). Your strategyshould providespecific guidancefor extremewaterflows rangingfrom maximumexpected discharges tominimumexpecteddischarges.Finally,your recommendedstrategy shouldincludeinformationaddressing anyrestrictions regardingthelocations and lengths oftime thatdifferentareasoftheZambezi River shouldbeexposed tothemost detrimental effectsofthe extremeconditions.
在你要求2的报告中，你应该包括一个战略调整水流量通过您的新的多水坝系统，在安
全和成本之间提供一个合理的平衡。
除了解决已知或预测的正常的水循环，你的策略应
该向ZRA经理提供指导，解释和证明该行动采取适当处理紧急水流量情况（即洪水和/
或延长低水条件）。
你的战略应该提供具体的指导，从极端水流量最大期望放电到最小
期望放电。
最后，您推荐的策略应该包括关于时间和时间长度的任何限制的信息.在赞比
西河不同地区应暴露在极端条件下的最不利的影响。
Your MCMsubmissionshouldconsistofthree elements:astandard1pageMCM Summary Sheet,a1-2pagebriefassessmentreport(Requirement1), andyourmain
MCMsolution(Requirement2) notto exceed20pagesfor amaximumsubmissionof
23pages.Note:Any appendicesor referencepages youincludewill notcounttowards
the23pagelimit.
MCM提交应包括三个要素：一个标准页的MCM的摘要，一个1-2页的简要评估报告（要求1），和你的主要MCM解决方案（要求2）要求不超过20页并最大提交23页。
注意：任何附录或参考页面包括你将不会计算在23页的限制。