考研英语长难句之分隔结构
考研英语长难句结构拆分技巧
考研英语长难句结构拆分技巧考研英语长难句结构拆分技巧一、从状语等修饰语的角度出题考研英语阅读的文章句子一般较长，出题人往往只从句子当中的某一个成分处设题，特别是定语成分和状语成分。
例如：Still，Jefferson freed Hemings‘s children —though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington，who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier，such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.40. Washington‘s decision to free slaves originated from his[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.【解析】题干问的是华盛顿给奴隶自由的决定是源于什么，也就是问原因，显然我们需要找原因状语的分。
文中最后一段的“Washington，who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.”明确指出是因为：after observing the bravery of the black solders during the Revolutionary War，华盛顿才做了这个决定，所以答案选[B]“军事经历”。
英语阅读基本功—长难句过关之分隔结构
英语阅读基本功—长难句过关之分隔结构第三章分隔结构含有分隔结构得复杂句通常是指那些句子结构主谓、谓宾、宾补之间存在着其他成分。
而有时这些介入成分又较长，从而使本来应该紧联在一起得句子成分被分隔开了。
另外还有一种分隔结构是同位语和定语同它们所修饰得成分分隔，由于作同位语和作定语得句子太长，而后面得部分又太短，为了保证全句意思表达得完整性常常把同位语或定语放到句子最后，形成分隔得结构。
一般来说分隔结构本身不难辨认，但当句子较长，成分较多，被分隔得部分又相距较远时就容易造成理解障碍，而且常常被分隔得成分又恰恰是句子得主干。
因此准确判断分隔结构，理顺句子主干就成了理解这类句子得关键。
Exercise:We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about. Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitler’s life.Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.要点分析和参考译文要点：定语从句“people are moving about”被比较状语“more than ever before in history”分隔。
此现象为“分隔定语”参考译文：我们生活在一个四处奔波甚于历任何时期得时代。
要点：the last of Adolf Hitler’s life 作为evening得同位语，因为比较长而放在了句子后面，使句子平衡。
参考译文：夜晚已经来临，这是阿道夫希特勒生命中最后的一个夜晚。
一、拆分英语长难句三原则
一、拆分英语长难句三原则一、拆分英语长难句三原则1. 并列转折原则长难句由于句子较长，多表现为并列结构。
可以破折号、分号、并列连词and或or、转折连词but、yet、while等为切入点，将各个长句断为分句。
2. 主句从句原则各种从句的交替出现是长难句的显著特点之一，我们可以从各种从句的标志性引导词入手（定语从句的关系代词或副词who，whom，whose，which，that，as，when，where，while，how；名词性从句的关系代词或关系副词who，whom，which，what，that，whether，when，where，why，how等；状语从句的when，as，since，until，before，after，where，because，though，although，so that等）将各个分句断为主句和从句。
3. 短语成分原则无论是主句还是从句，都是由词和短语构成的。
其中，介词短语或者不定式短语由于充当定语或状语的枝叶成分而成为我们解决的重点。
常见的介词有on, in, with, at, of, to, by等；而不定式短语的标志词是to（后接动词原形）。
找出并暂时去掉介词短语或不定式短语能帮助我们迅速抓住句子的主干，而将其妥善还原，则有利于对句子的正确理解。
E.g.Television is one of the means by which these feelings are createdand conveyed---and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.二、长难句释例定语从句1. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different from others.2. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.名词从句1. Responsible public officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative(积累的) over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime.2. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animals species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict.3. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact; if they are notlooking , the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. 4. Advanced learners from this kind of background will not evaluate a dictionary on how user-friendly it is but will also have definite views about the scope and appropriateness of the various socio-cultural entries.状语从句1. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most arereluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.2. It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once required, enable one to use a computer.3. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.4. In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication.5. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot besaid that warlike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.分词作状语（非谓语动词）1. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.2. Given the complexities, and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents, the executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.分割结构1. A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly.2. Besides, the ability to read music notation（乐谱）has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomeswidespread, on the music-culture as a whole.3. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.4. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce thewealth.5. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.GCT-2009Lazy? Shy? Live in a cave? Those might not be positive attributes for the average human, but they sure are good for animals trying to survive in a changing environment. According to a new study, beasts that hibernate (冬眠) or crawl into holes are less likely to be listed as endangered than those that don't.Following up a previous study on extinct animals, which showed that species exhibiting "sleep or hide" (SLOH) behaviors did better than others, the researchers wanted to see if the same was true of modern creatures like moles and bears. To find out if our more timid animals have a leg up in the survival game, researchers made a master list of 443 sleep-or-hide mammals.With their list in hand, the team compared their 443 to the "red list" of endangered species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. As suspected, a sleepy or hiding animal was less likely to be on the red list than a regular animal, and a red-list animal was also less likely to be a SLOH-er.This makes a lot of sense, as animals that hide away in a cave or a tree hole are protected by their physical shelters from a variable environment outside, while hibernators enjoy a flexible metabolism (新陈代谢) that can help them adapt to a changing climate.16. On the list of extinct animals studied, there were _____________.A. fewer SLOH-ers than regular animalsB. more SLOH-ers than expectedC. as many SLOH-ers as regular animalsD. hardly any SLOH-ers17. The phrase "a leg up" in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.A. an instinctB. an advantageC. a fightD. a chance18. The study of modem creatures ___________.A. is unrelated to the study of extinct animalsB. finds evidence missing in the study of extinct animalsC. has findings similar to those of the study of extinct animalsD. reveals a different pattern from the study of extinct animals19. According to the passage, red-list animals are more likely to ____________.A. be lazyB. be timidC. live longD. sleep less20. In the last paragraph the author ____________.A. compares the behaviors of sleepers and hidersB. offers an explanation for the survival of sleepers and hidersC. analyzes how a changing environment affects SLOH-ersD. emphasizes what can be learned from SLOH-ers。
英语长难句结构分析
英语长难句结构分析杨国平英语中的句子分为简单句、并列句、主从复合句和并列复合句。
1简单句：最简单的句子只有一个独立存在的主谓结构（有时甚至只有谓语）e. g. It being his birthday today, he will hold a party at home this evening. (只有一个主谓结构)Look out.2 并列句：用并列连词连接起来的至少两个简单句。
e. g. He is a doctor and his wife (is) a nurse.3 主从复合句：至少一个主句包含至少一个从句。
e. g. If producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase thesupply offered by seller-producers.如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给。
4 并列主从复合句：至少包含一个从句的并列句。
e. g. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task offinding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他／她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招架。
不论句子结构多么复杂，只要认真分析，就能化繁为简，下面是分析句子结构的有效办法：（根据结构判定成分后敲定形式）1 找出句子中的谓语动词，确定谓语（并列的谓语动词为一个谓语）2 根据各谓语找出其主语并确定各个主谓结构3 根据句子中主谓结构前的并列连词或从属连词判定各个主谓结构之间的关系——是并列关系还是主从关系4判定该主谓结构内各部分的作用及形式和主谓结构外各部分的作用及形式（没有并列连词时，主谓结构外的部分一般为状语，可能用简单的非谓语动词，也可能用状语从句或独立主格结构）5 几个主谓结构并列时后面的主谓结构前面一般有并列连词或分号，从属于另一个主谓结构的主谓结构为从句，一般应有从属连词。
近几年来关于长难句八大类型的总结
近几年来，考研英语出现了很多难句。
并且这些难句主要是长难句。
英语长难句不限于并列句和复合句，简单句有时也很长。
它的一个重要特点便是修饰语较长，而这些较长的修饰语一般都是短语和从句，它们或是位于名词后面的定语短语或从句，或是位于动词后面的状语短语或从句。
这类修饰语在句子中还可以一个套一个连用，甚至一连套上好几个也很普通。
于是，英语文章中出现的长句少则四、五行，多则十余行，甚至整个一段就是一个长句。
对于考研英语的考生来说，英语长句的理解，关键在于语法分析。
具体地说，理解长句大体可以分两个步骤进行：(1)判断出句子是简单句，并列句，还是复合句；(2)先找出句中的主要成分，即主语和谓语动词；然后再分清句中的宾语、状语、表语、宾语补足语、定语等。
一般说来考研英语的句式往往具有以下特点：1)句子偏长，多为复杂句。
2)句子修饰语多，层次复杂。
3)使用插入语和分隔结构4)成分省略5)多枝共干6)改变语序7)否定结构8)比较结构这八种方式往往可以相互结合．从而形成更长的难句。
形成长难句的目的却只有一个。
就是打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯。
从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。
下面分别对这八种方式一—解析。
第一节：句子偏长，多为复杂句具体表现在以下几点：I. 主语为长句，且放在前面如果句子的主语比谓语长许多，可用各种修饰手段变成主谓语两头基本平衡。
阅读理解短文中大多数也是这种句子。
但是，也有相当一部分长句不是这样，而是头顶一个长长的主语，其后的谓语却非常短。
例如：【例1】Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science.【简析】本句的主语部分是: Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", 长达24 个单词，而谓语只是一个词make.对中国学生来说，这样长的主语往往会打乱我们的思维习惯，使我们摸不清句子结构关系，导致理解错误。
怎样划分考研英语长难句结构
怎样划分考研英语长难句结构
来源：文都图书
都说在复习考研英语的初期，要准备单词和语法，其实语法这一部分，主要就体现在对长难句的分析上，对于长难句来说，就是检测大家语法部分最明显的地方。
所以复习了语法，究竟怎么来攻克长难句的难关呢？
对于长那句来说，最重要的就是句子结构，如果搞清结构，长难句的问题基本上就搞定一半了，那么究竟怎样划分长那句的结构呢？
长难句的复杂之处主要体现在两方面，一方面句中修饰成分较多，另一方面从句层层嵌套，结构层次十分复杂。
但是不管句子多么长、句式多么复杂，都离不开基本结构，因此要熟练把握以下五大基本句型：
（1）主语+谓语
（2）主语+谓语+宾语
（3）主语+谓语+宾语补足语
（4）主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
（5）主语+系动词+表语
由上可以看出，五种基本结构都包含一个谓语动词，因此需要找出句子当中的谓语，提炼出句子主干。
而分句之间，主要通过介词、标点、连接词、非谓语动词等手段连接起来，把一个个独立的分句或从句连接在了一起。
具体而言，不管是分句还是从句都有自己的谓语动词。
连词and, but 等连接两个并列的谓语结构，而从属连词which,that, where 等所引导的从句中都各配备有一个属于从句的谓语动词。
所以，在分析长难句的过程中，只要找到了这些连接手段和主从句的谓语动词，句子结构就一目了然了。
更多有关长难句的知识点，准备2017年考研英语的广
大考生们可以多看看2017《考研英语长难句解密》这本书，里面结合着历年真题，讲解详细，而且内容不多都是精华，绝对能让大家提高自己分析长难句的能力。
考研英语长难句拆分的技巧
考研英语长难句拆分的技巧考研英语长难句拆分的技巧考研生们在准备英语长难句的复习时，需要掌握好拆分的技巧。
店铺为大家精心准备了考研英语长难句拆分的秘诀，欢迎大家前来阅读。
考研英语长难句拆分的方法顺序法。
当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时，可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语。
例如：例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for us，driving our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. (84 年考题)分析：该句子由一个主句，三个作伴随状语的现在分词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成，共有五层意思：A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时;B.电仍在为我们工作;C. 帮我们开动电冰箱;D. 加热水;E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。
上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语完全一致，因此，我们可以通过顺序法，把该句翻译成：即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时，电仍在为我们工作：帮我们开动电冰箱，把水加热，或使室内空调机继续运转。
例 2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited,and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”,the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials. (84 年考题) 分析：该句的骨干结构为“It is realized that…” ，it 为形式主语，that 引导着主语从句以及并列的it is even possible to …结构，其中，不定式作主语，the time …是“expectation of life”的同位语，进一步解释其含义，而 time 后面的句子是它的定语从句。
有关考研英语长难句解析
有关考研英语长难句解析考研英语长难句拆分信号：1、标点符号：比方，2个逗号形成插入语，破折号表示解释说明，分号相当于“and”表示并列;2、连词：并列句的并列连词and、or、but、yet、for等，从句的附属连词which、that、when、how、if等;3、介词：介词引导介词短语，介词短语在中可充当定语、状语等修饰成分;4、不定式符号to：不定式符号to引导不定式短语，在句子中除了可以充当主语、宾语、表语、补语等主干成分外，还可做定语、状语等修饰成分;5、分词：分词包括现在分词和过去分词，在句子中可充当定语和状语修饰成分。
下面我们就按照长难句拆分原那么，依照这些拆分信号，结合考研英语阅读或翻译真题中的长难句进展实战演练一下吧!1、{C}This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.(1)句子拆分拆分点：附属连词、介词、标点符号This trend began∥during the Second World War,∥when several governments came to the conclusion∥that the specific demands∥that a government wants to make of itsscientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen∥in detail.(2)句子构造找谓语动词(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);↓找连词(when, that, that)↓前面没有附属连词的动词即为主句的谓语动词↓确定主从句主句：This trend began during the Second World War;从句：定语从句when several governments came to the conclusion修饰the Second World War，本从句嵌套着一个二级从句即同位语从句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修饰conclusion和一个三级从句that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修饰demands。
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考研英语长难句之分隔结构
来源：文都图书
我们对于考研英语的长难句，不是很熟悉，一方面源于我们没能正确拆分句子的结构，而一方面就是源于我们并没有掌握一些在长难句中，经常出现的结构。
这里我们就来说说在长难句中经常出现的分隔结构。
With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the cas e is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be-even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right-it can hardly be classed a s Literature.
[结构分析]
本句的主干是the case is rather difficult, for... it can
hardly be classed as Literature，前面的however表示本句与前一句形成对比，句首的介词结构With regard to Futurist poetry作状语，其中with regard to的意思是"关于... "; for... it can hardly be classed as Literature是一个并列分句，表示原因，主干是it can hardly be classed as Literature; for后面的从句whatever Futurist poetry may be表示让步，作状语;破折号之间的部分even admitting that... 也是让步状语，其中that引导一个宾语从句that the theory... may be right，而从句的主语theory后又带有定语从句on which it is based。
[参考译文]
然而就未来主义诗歌而言，情况就很难说了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么--即使承认其理论基础是正确的--也很难将其归为文学。
此外，在长难句中，还常常出现比较结构、倒装结构、强调句等
句型，同学们可以看看何凯文老师的2017《考研英语长难句解密》，会有很大收获的。