广州天河学年八年级上期末考试
2022-2023学年广东省广州市天河中学八年级(上)期末生物试卷(附答案详解)

2022-2023学年广东省广州市天河中学八年级(上)期末生物试卷1. 水螅消化不了的食物残渣怎样排出体外()A. 由肛门排出体外B. 由体表渗透到体外C. 由口排出体外D.通过芽体排出2. 蛔虫是常见的人体寄生虫,与其在肠道中寄生生活相适应的特点不包括()A. 体表有角质层B. 消化管结构简单C. 生殖能力强D. 感觉器官发达3. 小明在村边清澈的小溪里发现一个蠕动的小动物,用放大镜仔细观察到,它的身体呈两侧对称,背腹扁平,有口无肛门,这个小动物所属的动物类群是()A. 腔肠动物B. 扁形动物C. 线形动物D. 软体动物4. 下列动物中,与蚯蚓属于同一类群的是()A. 沙蚕B. 血吸虫C. 海蜇D. 钉螺5. 昆虫适应陆地生活防止体内水分蒸发的结构是()A. 外骨骼B. 皮肤C. 角质层D. 鳞片或甲6. 下列属于环节动物的是()A. 蛔虫B. 线虫C. 水蛭D. 涡虫7. 下列不属于鱼类适应水中生活的特征是()A. 体形大多呈流线型B. 主要用鳃呼吸,皮肤辅助C. 体表常有鳞片覆盖D. 通过躯干和尾鳍摆动游泳8. 下列动物中,身体表面有外套膜,具有贝壳的是()A. 虾B. 文蛤C. 沙蚕D. 蜘蛛9. 以下四类动物的通俗名称都含有“鱼”字,其中进化程度最高等的是()A. B. C. D.10. 下列关于两栖动物的说法错误的是()A. 两栖动物的生殖发育离不开水B. 有的两栖动物终生生活在水中C. 既能在水中生活,又能在陆地上生活D. 污染和水域缩减使其种类和数量减少11. 蛇没有四肢,但它却属于爬行动物,是因为()A. 蛇有外骨骼保护B. 蛇符合爬行动物的特征C. 蛇有脊椎,属于脊椎动物D. 蛇的运动方式是爬行12. 青蛙和乌龟都既可以在水中游泳,也可以在陆地生活,但青蛙属于两栖动物,而乌龟属于爬行动物,下列关于其原因的叙述正确的是()A. 青蛙的肺比龟的肺发达B. 青蛙的皮肤比乌龟的甲更容易保持水分C. 青蛙生殖和发育离不开水D. 青蛙的四肢发达而乌龟的四肢短小13. 下面属于鸟类特有特征的是()①体表有羽毛②用肺呼吸并用气囊辅助呼吸③体温恒定④通过产卵繁殖后代⑤前肢覆羽成翼⑥善于飞行.A. ①③⑥B. ②③④C. ①②⑤D. ②⑤⑥14. 下列动物中,不属于恒温动物的是()A. 大熊猫B. 野鸭C. 眼镜王蛇D. 猕猴15. 鲫鱼的运动方式是游泳,其游泳主要依靠()A. 尾鳍的作用B. 胸鳍和腹鳍的摆动C. 各种鳍的共同作用D. 尾部和躯干部的摆动以及鳍的协调作用16. 成语“闻鸡起舞”蕴含丰富的生物学知识,下列说法不正确的是()A. 打鸣的公鸡体温恒定,有气囊辅助肺呼吸B. “闻鸡起舞”从获得途径判断属于先天性行为C. “闻鸡”的听觉是在大脑皮层中形成的D. “起舞”需要骨、关节和肌肉协调配合17. 如图为哺乳动物的两种牙齿组成示意图,下列相关叙述正确的是()A. ②是门齿B. ③是臼齿C. ⑤是犬齿D. 兔的牙齿组成与甲相同18. 海马终身生活在水中,有脊柱,用鳃呼吸,靠鳍摆动前进,海马属于()A. 鱼类B. 两栖动物C. 哺乳动物D. 爬行动物19. 某果农发现果园内有许多昆虫,于是喷洒农药将昆虫全部杀死,但这一季节果实产量却是历年来最低的,这是因为昆虫能帮助植物()A. 光合作用B. 传粉C. 受精D. 传播种子20. 下列动物中,学习能力最强的是()A. 大山雀B. 黑猩猩C. 蚯蚓D. 鳄鱼21. “稻花香里说丰年, 听取蛙声一片。
2022-2023学年广东省广州市天河中学八年级上学期期末数学试卷及参考答案

2022-2023学年广东省广州市天河中学初二数学第一学期期末试卷一、单项选择题(本题有8个小题,每小题3分,满分24分,下面每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的.)1.如图是2022年北京冬奥运会吉祥物冰墩墩的图形,是轴对称图形的是( )A .B .C .D .2.世界上最小的鸟是生活在古巴的吸蜜蜂鸟,它的质量约为0.056盎司.将0.056用科学记数法表示为( )A .15.610−⨯B .25.610−⨯C .35.610−⨯D .10.5610−⨯3.下列长度的三根木条首尾相连,能组成三角形的是( )A .10,7,5B .10,7,3C .10,5,3D .4,4,104.点(2,3)P −关于x 轴的对称点是( )A .(2,3)−B .(2,3)C .(2,3)−−D .(2,3)−5.下列运算中正确的是( )A .2510x x x ⋅=B .448()a a =C .224()xy xy =D .826x x x ÷=6.如图,在ABC ∆和ABD ∆中,已知CAB DAB ∠=∠,在不添加任何辅助线的前提下,要使ABC ABD ∆≅∆,只需再添加的一个条件不可以是( )A .AC AD =B .BC BD = C .C D ∠=∠ D .CBE DBE ∠=∠ 7.使分式12x x −+有意义的x 的取值范围是( ) A .2x − B .2x − C .2x >− D .2x ≠−8.甲、乙二人做某种机械零件,已知每小时甲比乙少做8个,甲做120个所用的时间与乙做150个所用的时间相等,设甲每小时做x 个零件,下列方程正确的是( )A .1201508x x =−B .1201508x x =+C .1201508x x =−D .1201508x x =+ 二、多项选择题(本题有2个小题,每小题5分,共10分,每小题有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得5分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错的得0分.)9.如图,DE AB ⊥于E ,DF AC ⊥于F ,若BD CD =,BE CF =,则下列结论中正确的是( )A .DE DF =B .AD 平分BAC ∠ C .AE AD = D .AF AB BE −= 10.若关于x 的方程221a x a x =−−有解,则a 的值不能是( ) A .13 B .12 C .1 D .2二、填空题(本题有6个小题,每小题4分,满分24分)11.如图,若ABE ACF ∆≅∆,且5AB =,2AE =,则EC 的长为 .12.如果一个多边形的内角和等于720︒,则它的边数为 .13.计算:021( 3.14)()3π−−+−= . 14.已知4x y −=,3xy =,则22x y xy −的值是 .15.如图,在ABC ∆中,AC 的垂直平分线交AB 于点D ,垂足为点E ,CD 平分ACB ∠,若30B ∠=︒,则A ∠为 度.16.已知(,)a b ,(,)x y 是平面直角坐标系中的两点,规定(a ,)(b x ⋅,)y ax by =+.若(x ,1)(1x⋅,1)2−=,则221x x += . 四、解答题(共6小题,共62分,解答要求写出文字说明,证明过程或计算步骤.)17.如图,AB BC ⊥,AD DC ⊥,垂足分别为B ,D ,12∠=∠,求证:AB AD =.18.(1)分解因式:2218x −;(2)计算:(2)(2)(1)x x x x +−+−.19.如图,ABC ∆三个顶点的坐标分别为(1,1)A 、(4,2)B 、(3,5)C .(1)若△A B C '''与ABC ∆关于y 轴成轴对称,请画出△A B C ''';(2)填空:点B '的坐标是 ;(3)若P 为x 轴上一点,使得线段PA PB +的值最小,请在图中作出点P .(保留作图痕迹,不写作法)20.如图,在Rt ABC ∆中,90ACB ∠=︒,30B ∠=︒.(1)尺规作图:在线段AB 上作一点D ,使得CD BD =(不写作法,保留作图痕迹);(2)若点D 到直线BC 的距离为2cm ,求AD 的长.21.已知2112()1121a W a a a a =+÷−+−+. (1)化简W ;(2)若a ,3,6恰好是等腰ABC ∆的三边长,求W 的值.22.在平面直角坐标系中,(5,0)⊥交y轴于点E,连A−,(0,5)B,点C为x轴正半轴上一动点,过点A作AD BC接DO,则DO平分ADC∠.(1)如图(1),若(3,0)C,则点E的坐标为;(2)如图(2),若点C在x轴正半轴上运动,当OC CD AD∠的度数.+=时,求OBC答案与解析一、单项选择题(本题有8个小题,每小题3分,满分24分,下面每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的.)1.解:A ,B ,C 三个选项中的图形都找不到一条直线能够使直线两旁的部分重合,所以不是轴对称图形; C 选项中的图形能够找到这样的一条直线,使直线两旁的部分能够完全重合,所以是轴对称图形.故选:C .2.解:将0.056用科学记数法表示为25.610−⨯,故选:B .3.解:A 、1057<+,能构成三角形,故此选项符合题意;B 、3710+=,不能构成三角形,故此选项不符合题意;C 、3510+<,不能构成三角形,故此选项不符合题意;D 、4410+<,不能构成三角形,故此选项不符合题意.故选:A .4.解:点(2,3)P −关于x 轴的对称点坐标为:(2,3).故选:B .5.解:A 、257x x x ⋅=,故此选项错误;B 、4416()a a =,故此选项错误;C 、2224()xy x y =,故此选项错误;D 、826x x x ÷=,故此选项正确.故选:D .6.解:A 、添加AC AD =,利用SAS 即可得到两三角形全等,不符合题意;B 、添加BC BD =,不能判定两三角形全等,符合题意;C 、添加D C ∠=∠,利用AAS 即可得到两三角形全等,不符合题意;D 、添加CBE DBE ∠=∠,利用ASA 即可得到两三角形全等,不符合题意;故选:B .7.解:由题意,得20x +≠,解得2x ≠−.故选:D .8.解:设甲每小时做x 个零件,可得:1201508x x =+,故选:D .二、多项选择题(本题有2个小题,每小题5分,共10分,每小题有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得5分,选对但不全的得2分,有选错的得0分.)9.解:DE AB ⊥于E ,DF AC ⊥于F ,90E DFC ∴∠=∠=︒,在Rt BDE ∆和Rt CDF ∆中,BD CD BE CF=⎧⎨=⎩,Rt BDE Rt CDF(HL)∴∆≅∆,DE DF ∴=,故A 正确;DE AB ⊥,DF AC ⊥,AD ∴平分BAC ∠,故B 正确;由垂线段最短可得AE AD <,故C 错误,在Rt ADE ∆和Rt ADF ∆中,AD ADDE DF =⎧⎨=⎩,Rt ADE Rt ADF(HL)∴∆≅∆,AE AF ∴=,AB BE AF ∴+=,AF AB BE ∴−=,故D 正确;故选ABD .10.解:解分式方程221a x a x =−−,得:(22)a x a ∴−=,当220a −≠时,22ax a =−,1a ∴≠时,方程有解,方程有解,0x a ∴−≠,且210x −≠,x a ∴≠且0.5x ≠,∴220.522a a a a a⎧≠⎪⎪−⎨⎪≠⎪−⎩, 解得:12a ≠. 故选:BC .二、填空题(本题有6个小题,每小题4分,满分24分)11.解:ABE ACF ∆≅∆5AC AB ∴==523EC AC AE ∴=−=−=,故答案为:3.12.解:这个正多边形的边数是n ,则(2)180720n −⋅︒=︒,解得:6n =.则这个正多边形的边数是6.故答案为:6.13.解:原式1910=+=,故答案为:10.14.解:4x y −=,3xy =,∴原式()3412xy x y =−=⨯=.故答案为:12.15.解:DE 垂直平分AC ,AD CD ∴=,A ACD ∴∠=∠又CD 平分ACB ∠,ACD BCD ∴∠=∠,3180A B ∴∠+∠=︒, 18030503A ︒−︒∠==︒.故答案为:50.16.解:由题意得:12x x −=,则221()2x x−=, 221124x x x x −⋅⋅+=, 22142x x +=+, 2216x x +=. 故答案为:6.四、解答题(共6小题,共62分,解答要求写出文字说明,证明过程或计算步骤.)17.证明:AB BC ⊥,AD DC ⊥,90B D ∴∠=∠=︒,在ABC ∆和ADC ∆中,12B D AC AC ∠=∠⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩,()ABC ADC AAS ∴∆≅∆,AB AD ∴=.18.解:(1)2218x −22(9)x =−2(3)(3)x x =+−;(2)(2)(2)(1)x x x x +−+−224x x x =−+−4x =−.19.解:(1)如图,△A B C '''即为所求;(2)(4,2)B'−;(3)如图,点P即为所求.20.解:(1)如图,点D即为所求;(2)由(1)可知:DE是BC的垂直平分线,∴=,DC DB∴∠=∠=︒,30DCB BADC B DCB∴∠=∠+∠=︒,60在Rt ABC∠=︒,30∠=︒.BACB∆中,90∴∠=︒,A60∴∠=︒,60ACD∴∆是等边三角形,ADC∴==,AD DC DB点D到直线BC的距离2B∠=︒,=,30DE cm∴==,24()DB DE cm4()AD DB cm ∴==, 答:AD 的长为4cm .21.解:(1)2(1)(1)(1)[](1)(1)2a a a W a a a++−−=⨯+− 22(1)(1)(1)2a a a a a−=⋅+− 11a a −=+; (2)a ,3,6恰好是等腰ABC ∆的三边长, 6a ∴=,则11a W a −=+;6161−=+57=.22.(1)解:如图1,AD BC ⊥,AO BO ⊥,90AOE BDE BOC ∴∠=∠=∠=︒, 90OAE ACD ∴∠+∠=︒, 90OBC ACD ∠+∠=︒, OAE OBC ∴∠=∠,(5,0)A −,(0,5)B ,5OA OB ∴==.在AOE ∆和BOC ∆中,第11页(共11页)OAE OBC OA OBAOE BOC ∠=∠⎧⎪=⎨⎪∠=∠⎩, ()AOE BOC ASA ∴∆≅∆,OE OC ∴=,∴点C 坐标为(3,0),3OE OC ∴==,(0,3)E ∴.故答案为:(0,3);(2)如图②,在DA 上截取DP DC =,连接OP ,又PDO CDO ∠=∠,OD OD =,()OPD OCD SAS ∴∆≅∆,OC OP ∴=,OPD OCD ∠=∠,OC CD AD +=,OC AD CD ∴=−,AD DP OP ∴−=,即AP OP =,PAO POA ∴∠=∠,2OPD PAO POA PAO OCB ∴∠=∠+∠=∠=∠, 又90PAO OCD ∠+∠=︒,390PAO ∴∠=︒,30PAO ∴∠=︒,OAP OBC ∠=∠,30OBC PAO ∴∠=∠=︒.。
广东省广州市天河区2023-2024学年八年级上学期语文期末试卷 解析版

广东省广州市天河区2023-2024学年八年级上学期语文期末试卷24分)1.下列词语中,每对加点字的读音都相同的一项是()A.荒僻./辟.邪嘹.亮/眼花缭.乱B.序幕./暮.年俯.瞰/五脏六腑.C.悔.恨/教诲.粗拙./咄咄..逼人D.器.宇/喧嚣差..使/参差.不齐2.下列词语中,没有错别字的一项是()A.仲裁厌厌欲睡蹒跚春寒料俏B.记载藏污纳诟斟酌慷概激昂C.婆娑任劳任怨踌躇长途跋涉D.嶙峋巧妙绝仑簇拥诚皇诚恐3.下列句子中,加点词语使用最恰当的一项是()A.他无动于衷....地分析棋局,沉着冷静地应对对手的攻击,最终取得胜利。
B.这个人穿着讲究,举止文雅大方,待人和颜悦色....,散发着无限的魅力。
C.只要大家齐心协力,一定可以赢得决赛的资格,冠军仿佛妙手偶得....。
D.庆功宴上,大家送来的问候、祝福摩肩接踵....,我内心感到无比温暖。
4.下列句子中,没有语病的一项是()A.专家建议卧室内不要摆放绿色植物的主要原因是绿色植物夜间会消耗氧气。
B.通过精心打造,使广东体博会成为粤港澳大湾区规模最大的体育用品盛会。
C.在琶洲南丰国际会展中心举办的国际艺术博览会,展出超2万件左右精品。
D.深秋的火炉山森林公园,空气清新,风景宜人,真是适合出行的好时节。
某中学开展“走进博物馆,传承传统文化”活动,请你完成以下任务。
5.任务一:小天和同学们一起去参观广东省博物馆,他发现广东省博物馆馆徽的图案很有特色,请你从形状和寓意两个方面为小天介绍。
6.任务二:小天对博物馆中展出的广彩藏品产生了浓厚的兴趣,他搜集了广彩的相关资料。
请你根据小天找到的资料,用四字词语概括广彩的两个特点。
广彩是广州织金彩瓷的简称,是在各种白瓷器皿上彩绘后烧成的一种具有浓厚的东方特色的传统手工艺品。
广彩产品主要有陈列艺术瓷、日用欣赏瓮、工艺瓷三大类,仅工艺瓷就有500多个品种、2000多个花式。
广彩除了运用大红、西红、水青、大绿等多种彩料,还使用两种或两种以上调料调出复色,使作品呈现出丰富的层次感。
广东省广州市天河中学2022-2023学年部编版八年级上学期期末考试历史试题

2022学年第一学期天河中学期末质量测试问卷(八年级历史)使用时间:2022.12.30本试卷共6页,分两部分,共28小题,满分90分。
考试用时60分钟。
一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题,每小题2分,共50分。
每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是最符合题目要求的)1.茅海建在《天朝的崩溃》中写道:“这场战争把中国拖入世界。
从此开始,中国遭受了列强的百般蹂躏;从此开始,中国经受了寻找新出路的百般苦难。
”这场战争A.使中国半殖民地化程度进一步加深B.成为中国近代史的开端C.客观上促进了中国民族资本主义的产生 D.使清政府沦为洋人的朝廷2.《给葛罗男爵先生的训令》(1857年5月9日)中说到:“我们所想的正是为了要在更大的程度上,为我们的商业打开通向天朝帝国(中国)的道路。
”据此判断,当时英国发动对华战争的根本原因是A.割占香港岛,在中国沿海建立侵华据点B.广东水师搜查商船“亚罗号”C.进一步打开中国的市场,扩大侵略权益D.法国天主教神甫马赖被处死3.近代某条约规定凡是有义和团活动的地方,停止科举考试五年;规定条约内容及附件都要以皇帝的名义在全国各地张榜公布,以警告全国官民。
这出自A.《南京条约》B.《北京条约》C.《马关条约》D.《辛丑条约》4.蒋廷黻在《中国近代史》中写道:“鸿章窃以为天下事穷则变,变则通……中国欲自强则莫如学习外国利器。
”“自强”的具体做法是创办A.轮船招商局B.汉阳铁厂C.湖北织布局D.江南制造总局 5.有学者认为,戊戌变法所传播的西方政治学说和自然科学知识,将统治中国人几千年的封建思想打开了缺口。
这说明戊戌变法A.起到了思想启蒙作用B.使西方政治学说深入人心C.创立了君主立宪政体D.动摇封建思想的统治地位6.在中国近代化的探索中,一些先进分子梦想有西方的政治制度。
下列哪些探索活动是为了实现这一梦想①洋务运动②戊戌变法③辛亥革命④新文化运动A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④ 7.某校兴趣小组整理了以下历史信息,由此推断他们研究的主题是①英国割占香港岛②火烧圆明园③《马关条约》④八国联军侵华战争A.列强的侵略B.近代化的探索C.内战烽火D.抗日战争8.中国近代史上伟大的民主革命的先行者是A.李鸿章B.康有为C.孙中山D.毛泽东9.1915年,一场高举“民主”“科学”大旗的思想解放运动——新文化运动在中国大地上兴起。
2020-2021学年广东省广州市天河区八年级(上)期末物理试卷(附答案详解)

2020-2021学年广东省广州市天河区八年级(上)期末物理试卷1.如图示意的长度约为1英尺,则1英尺约为()A. 30mB. 30dmC. 300cmD. 300mm2.在东西向直线轨道上的观光车内,小明给小芳连拍两张照片如图所示,则下列描述正确的是()A. 广州塔相对于车向东运动B. 车处于静止状态C. 车向东运动D. 车向西运动3.如图所示,监测器测得同一声源发出的甲、乙两声音的特性如下表,甲乙相比()声音声音强弱的等级/dB频率Hz甲110700乙701100A. 甲音调较高B. 声源在发甲声音时每秒内振动次数较少C. 乙响度较大D. 甲在真空中的传播速度较慢4.二胡有内、外两根弦,拉二胡时,外弦比内弦振动快,外弦发声的波形如图所示,把内弦的声音输入同一设置的示波器,波形是图中的()A.B.C.D.5.某物质从固态变为液态,如图是该过程物质的温度−时间图象,这种物质()A. 发生了液化B. 属于非晶体C. 在t1~t2过程需要吸热D. 在0~t3,过程一直处于物态变化过程6.物质M因发生物态变化吸热,M在该物态变化前后都具有流动性,则这种物态变化为()A. 汽化B. 液化C. 凝固D. 熔化7.如图所示的四种光现象不能用对应的光路图解释的是()A. B.C. D.8.如图1、图2分别是光通过晶状体P、透镜Q的光路图,则()A. 图1的眼睛属于远视眼B. 晶状体P的折光能力比正常眼睛的弱C. 透镜Q是凸透镜D. 图1的眼睛可戴装有透镜Q的眼镜加以矫正9.如图是标准大气压下,质量为1g的某液体的密度−温度图象,以下说法正确的是()A. 4℃时,液体体积最大B. 温度升高,液体密度不变C. 1℃时液体的密度比5℃时的大D. 10℃时液体的体积比4℃时的大10.几种物质的密度在下表,在表格所列的条件下,以下说法正确的是()物质密度(×103kg/m3)(常温常压)物质密度(×103kg/m3)(常温常压)冰(0℃)0.9海水 1.03蜡0.9干松木0.5铝 2.7植物油0.9A. 干松木的密度比海水的密度大B. 当体积相同时,铝的质量是蜡的3倍C. 相同质量的蜡和植物油,蜡的体积比植物油的小D. 一杯植物油用去一半,杯内剩余植物油的密度为0.45×103kg/m311.如图,一束光由空气中的A点射向界面上的S点。
2023-2024学年广东省广州市天河区八年级(上)期末数学试卷(含解析)

2023-2024学年广东省广州市天河区八年级(上)期末数学试卷一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分。
在每小题给出的选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.近年来,国产汽车发展迅速,我国已成为全球第一汽车生产国.下列图形是我国国产汽车品牌的标识,在这些标识中,不是轴对称图形的是( )A. B.C. D.2.若一个三角形的两边长分别为3和7,则第三边长可能是( )A. 2B. 3C. 5D. 113.若一个多边形的内角和是1080°,则这个多边形是( )A. 十边形B. 九边形C. 八边形D. 七边形4.下列计算正确的是( )A. a3+a2=a5B. a3⋅a2=a6C. (a2)3=a5D. a6÷a2=a45.如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC=4,∠BAC=120°,则BC边上的高AD的长为( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 46.若分式|x|−3的值为0,则x的值为( )x+3A. ±3B. 0C. −3D. 37.如图,AB=AD,∠1=∠2,请问添加下列哪个条件不能得△ABC≌△ADE的是( )A. BC=DEB. AC=AEC. ∠B=∠DD. ∠E=∠C8.若关于x的方程x+m=3的解为正数,则m的取值范围是( )x−3A. m>−9B. m>−9且m≠−3C. m<−9D. m>−9且m≠0二、多选题:本题共2小题,共8分。
在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求。
9.如图,将长为a,宽为b的长方形纸板,在它的四角都切去一个边长为x的正方形,然后将四周突起部分折起,制成一个长方体形状的无盖纸盒.下列说法正确的有( )A. 纸盒的容积等于x(a−x)(b−x)B. 纸盒的表面积为ab−4x2C. 纸盒的底面积为ab−2(a+b)x−4x2D. 若制成的纸盒是正方体,则必须满足a=b=3x10.如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,∠BAC=45°,BD⊥AC,垂足为点D,AE平分∠BAC,交BD于点F,交BC于点E,点G为AB的中点,连接DG,交AE于点H,下列结论正确的是( )A. AF=2BEB. DH=DFC. AH=2DFD. HE=BE三、填空题:本题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分。
广东省广州市天河区2023-2024学年八年级上学期期末英语试题

广东省广州市天河区2023-2024学年八年级上学期期末英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、语法选择Serena and her family were driving on the road. Suddenly she heard a loud “POP”. “A flat tire (轮胎)! This is making the boring trip even 1 .” she said.“No big deal! We 2 our adventure soon!” Her dad jumped out to change the tire. Feeling bored, Serena decided 3 her phone. “Ally is on a real adventure. She 4 Africa! Look at the pictures of wild animals on her Wechat Moments!”“Amazing!” Tony agreed. “You can show 5 , too.”“There’s 6 fun here! Nobody would like to see Dad changing a flat tire in the middle of nowhere!”“ 7 that’s the great thing about this whole trip!” Tony continued 8 , “We don’t know what surprises we might have! We’re on a true adventure! And I read that there’s 9 amazing place here. I found pictures online....”Serena put down her phone and listened to Tony. She looked out of the window, and wanted to know when to get there. But then she held her breath. “We 10 be quiet...”, she said to Tony in a low voice. Just on 11 side of the road, was a large group of wild horses walking slowly through the grasses. It was her 12 time to see animals like them.“Well, maybe we’re having a real adventure after all,” said Serena as she quickly took a picture of the horses 13 the window.“Exactly!” Tony said. “And all 14 we got a flat tire. So try to be as 15 as possible whatever we meet!”“Right. Maybe more surprises are waiting for us!”1.A.bad B.badly C.worse D.worst 2.A.continue B.continued C.will continue D.is continuing 3.A.to check B.checked C.checking D.has checked 4.A.went to B.will go to C.has gone to D.goes to 5.A.us B.our C.we D.ours 6.A.something B.nothing C.everything D.anything7.A.Or B.But C.And D.So 8.A.excited B.exciting C.excitement D.excitedly 9.A.a B.an C.the D./ 10.A.could B.may C.had better D.would 11.A.another B.other C.others D.the other 12.A.one B.the first C.first D.the one 13.A.through B.across C.in D.of 14.A.so B.if C.when D.because 15.A.cheerful B.more cheerful C.most cheerful D.cheerfully二、完形填空waited for his men to serve him, such as giving him food, drinks and so on. He lay on bed allAll his people were sorry about it.19 , a wise man heard the news. He visited the king and said that he could help him. He asked the king to come to his house 20 the palace. And the king had to walk to his house on his own.The king 21 . After staying in bed for 20 years, the king walked on the road again. It was a long way to walk. When he reached the wise man’s house, he was really 22 . After taking a seat and drinking some water, the king felt better. The wise man brought out a special, heavy ball and asked the king to carry the ball with both hands and walk for an hour twice a day. “That is the 23 to help you get well,” he said.The king followed the man’s advice. After two months, the king lost a lot of weight and all his sickness 24 . From then on, the king kept 25 every day. He knew it was the secret to good health.16.A.silly B.lazy C.slow D.careless 17.A.working B.talking C.sleeping D.moving 18.A.reason B.difference C.feeling D.opinion 19.A.Successfully B.Luckily C.Similarly D.Usually20.A.in the center of B.next to C.across from D.far from 21.A.apologized B.answered C.realized D.agreed 22.A.unhappy B.unhealthy C.uncomfortable D.unfriendly 23.A.list B.price C.secret D.introduction 24.A.disappeared B.continued C.returned D.remained 25.A.relaxing B.exercising C.playing D.eating三、阅读理解Ants are social insects. They live together in groups. There are more than 10,000 different kinds of ants. Ants are found almost everywhere in the world.AppearanceThe body of an ant has three parts: the head, the thorax, and the abdomen. The mouth is important for most ants. It is used for fighting, eating, carrying food and other materials. On the top of the head there are two antennae. Ants use them to smell, communicate, and look for directions.Life CycleThere are four stages in the life cycle of the ant. The larvae have no eyes or legs. After the larvae come out of the eggs, they drop their skin several times. Most of them spin a silken cocoon (茧) around their bodies. Then they rest inside and grow into pupae. When a pupa is ready to come out of its cocoon, other ants bite a hole at the end of the silken cocoon and help the weak little ant leave the cocoon. Then they wash and feed it. Most ants live for 6 to 10 weeks.BehaviorMost ants live in nests made of many different materials, including sand, wood, and leaves. In each nest there is usually a queen, workers, and soldiers. The queen only spends her life producing eggs. The workers collect food, clean the nest, and care for eggs. Soldiers protect the nests.Ants have different ways of protecting themselves. Some attack their enemies with their mouths. Others run away when facing enemies, “play dead,” or send special sounds to tell others there is danger.26.What can an ant do with its mouth?A.Smell and get food.B.Fight and carry materials.C.Communicate and look for directions.D.Eat and find the way.27.Which of the following shows the growth of ants?A.egg—larva—pupa—ant B.egg—pupa—larva—antC.larva—egg—pupa—ant D.pupa—larva—egg—ant28.What can we know about ants from their behavior?A.Ants prefer living in nests made of sand.B.There are three ants in each nest.C.The queen produces eggs and looks after them.D.Ants know how to keep safe by themselves.29.What is the purpose (目的) of this article?A.To show the importance of ants.B.To ask people to protect ants.C.To introduce some facts about ants.D.To compare different kinds of ants.Class was almost over. Tom asked our math teacher, Mr Green, about the answer to a math problem. He thought it was 512. But Mr Green said it was 64.Later that day, Tom asked friends, classmates, and other math teachers. Was it 64 or 512? One of the math teachers they asked was Mr Smith, our math teacher last year. He said it was 512. Then the fun began.The next day, in Mr Green’s class, Tom told him Mr Smith’s answer. Mr Green didn’t change his mind. As soon as the class was over, Tom went to Mr Smith’s office.A few minutes later, Tom returned with Mr Smith and four students from another class.And the classroom became an interesting place. Everyone was excited, waiting for a long, heated discussion between the two teachers.We weren’t disappointed. Right then and there, Mr Smith and Mr Green began their argument (争论). They tried to show their answers on the blackboard. They used some math words and expressions I had never heard of, but at one point, the vocabulary turned simple.“No, ...” Mr Smith said. “Yes, ...” Mr Green answered.“No, ...” Mr Smith said again. “Yes, ...” Mr Green repeated.…At first, we were on our seats listening carefully, trying to follow their ideas. Later, Tom and some other students began to stand together around them. As time passed by, students showed their support for different teachers and became two teams. Everyone worked so hard, just for the answer to a single math problem. That’s the power of maths!When the school bell rang, the problem was still not solved. “Why not ask all the math teachers at school to join us and have a meeting for it?” Mr. Smith said.“How about lunch time? ...” Mr. Green replied.“Great! …” All the students shouted …30.What can we learn about Tom from paragraph 1 to 4?A.Tom is in Mr. Smith’s class this year.B.Mr Green taught Tom math last year.C.The writer “I” and Tom are classmates.D.Tom and four students are in the same class.31.In what order did the story happen?a. The students supported their teachers in two teams.b. The two teachers began their discussion.c. Mr Smith agreed with Tom’s answer.d. Tom questioned Mr Green about a math problem.e. Tom returned with Mr Smith and four students.A.d-e-c-a-b B.e-d-c-b-a C.d-c-e-b-a D.e-a-c-d-b 32.What is the best title for this passage?A.Tom, a brave schoolboy B.A creative maths argumentC.Great maths teachers D.An amazing maths problem 33.What might probably happen by the end of that day?A.The two teachers would solve more math problems.B.Students and maths teachers would attend the meeting again.C.The two teachers would teach students to argue for them.D.Students and teachers would work out the problem easily.Are you ready to speak English like a local English speaker? Do you want to travel and make friends in the US? Here are the best language schools in New York City for you.Rennert International(RI)Rennert International(RI) offers small classes and uses conversational teaching methods. Its creator says, “There was very little conversation in class in the past, and the large number of students made learning a language difficult. We wanted a different way to teach languages in small classes.”In addition, students can learn about Dancing, Music and Medicine in English. Other classes help students to enter universities.Brooklyn School of Languages(BSL)In the Brooklyn School of Languages(BSL), there are eight to twelve students in each class, so teachers can give personal care to every student. Students can enjoy learning with friendly classmates and taking field trips around Manhattan City.What’s more, BSL provides accommodations. Students can choose from home-stays and school flats. They can form close friendships by studying and living together.New York English Center(NYEC)Here in New York English Center (NYEC), each class has about five students, so everybody gets enough personalized care. Students can join in parties and weekly field trips, so they can build close relationships with each other easily.NYEC’s teachers are local English speakers with years of experience in teaching in some of the world’s most well-known schools. Students can also get help on problems with housing and so on.34.What does the underlined word “accommodation” mean?A.an attraction to visit B.a place to live inC.a restaurant to enjoy food D.a speech to listen to35.What do the three schools have in common (共同点)?A.Small classes.B.Experienced teachers.C.Nice classmates and host families.D.Interesting outdoor activities.36.Ali from India just moved to New York. He prefers a language teacher with rich experience. He also enjoys travelling with friends. Which school should he choose?A.RI.B.BSL.C.NYEC.D.None of the above.If you are looking for something to kill your time, TikTok is just the app. TikTok is a social media platform (社交媒体平台). There you can watch, share and create short videos. These videos can be about almost everything, from personal lives to the latest news.In February 2021, TikTok has around 1.1 billion users worldwide. Almost 60% of the users are between the ages of 16 and 24. Then, why is it so popular among young people?Firstly, most videos on TikTok last only 15 seconds. Sometimes it seems a15-second video can make you happier than a one-hour TV show. It is relaxing for people who look for fun for a few minutes after busy days.The algorithm (算法) of the app is another reason. Whenever you open the app, the first page you see is the “For You” page. By using algorithm, TikTok can know your interest and provide videos you may like on the “For You” page. If you “heart” the videos you love, similar ones will keep showing up.TikTok also encourages everyone to become a creator. Creators can make videos in any way they want. If they want their videos to appear on the “For You” page of many other users, they should make them attractive. That encourages video creators to keep producing more.As TikTok has grown, more and more young people become addicted to short videos. You may find yourself spending an hour or two on hundreds of short videos without realizing it. Maybe you just plan to relax a while before finishing your work but end up doing nothing except for scrolling down the screen the whole afternoon.37.What can we know about TikTok?A.TikTok offers any news you want.B.TikTok helps people make good friends.C.TikTok attracts many young people.D.TikTok helps people make everything.38.How many reasons for the success of TikTok are mentioned in the passage?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five. 39.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 mean?A.Young people use TikTok too much.B.Young people are good at using TikTok.C.TikTok helps young people make videos.D.TikTok helps more young people grow up.40.What does the writer probably agree with?A.Young people should learn to use TikTok.B.Using TikTok makes young people famous.C.Using TikTok has both good and bad effects.D.Using TikTok is harmful to people’s health.阅读短文及文后选项,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
广东省广州市执信中学天河校区2022-2023学年八年级上学期期末英语试题

广东省广州市执信中学天河校区2022-2023学年八年级上学期期末英语试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单项选择1.Can you hear the strange noise from the washing machine? There ________ something wrong with it.A.is B.has C.have D.are2.The great inventor invented five ________ inventions in his life. And the ________ one is the most useful.A.hundred; twelve B.hundreds of; twelveC.hundreds of; twelfth D.hundred; twelfth3.This article is ________ than that one.A.much easier B.most easier C.more easier D.more easy 4.Mike always works very hard, so he can earn twice ________ mine.A.as much money as B.as many money asC.much as money D.many as money as5.—________ you ________ your homework yet?—Yes. I ________ it a moment ago.A.Did, do; finished B.Have, done; have finishedC.Have, done; finished D.Have, do; finished6.I haven’t seen him ________ three years ________ we met in Shanghai.A.for; since B.since; for C.in; since D.for; when 7.________ you brush your teeth every day, you will get a toothache.A.If B.When C.Unless D.Though 8.—You made a mistake. The spelling ________ be “friend”, not “fried”.—Oh, I see. Thanks.A.could B.can C.may D.should 9.You ________ better________ so much spicy food since you have a sore throat.A.had; not eating B.had; not eat C.had not; eating D.had not; eat 10.Don’t worry. She ________ you a call if she ________ Beijing.A.gives; reaches B.will give; will reachC.will give; reaches D.gives; will reach二、语法选择阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从各题所给的A、B、C 和D项中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
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广东省广州市天河区2008-2009学年八年级上学期期末考试数学试卷注意: 本试卷共三大题25小题,共4页,满分150分.考试时间100分钟.1.答卷前,考生务必在答题卡第1、3面上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考号、姓名;再用2B铅笔把对应考号的标号涂黑.2.选择题和判断题的每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号;不能答在试卷上.3.填空题和解答题都不要抄题,必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,涉及作图的题目,用2B 铅笔画图.答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域.不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效.4.考生可以..使用计算器.必须保持答题卡的整洁,考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回. 第Ⅰ卷(100分)一、细心选一选 (本题有10个小题, 每小题3分, 满分30分,下面每小题给出的四个选项中, 只有一个是正确的.)1.观察下列四个图案,其中不是..旋转对称图形的是( ). A .B .C .D .2.下面说法不.正确的是(? ). A .6是36的平方根B .25的平方根是5C .-216的立方根是-6D .36的算术平方根是63.下列各式中,与2(1)a -+相等的是( ).A .21a -B .21a +C .221a a -+D .221a a ++4.下列计算正确的是( ). A .632632x x x=⋅ B .330x x ÷= C .()33326xy x y = D .()m m mx x x =÷235.下列各组数中,以a ,b ,c 为边的三角形不是..直角三角形的是( ). A .a =1.5,b=2,c=3B .a =7,b=24,c=25C .a =6, b=8,c=10D .a =3,b=4, c=56.若一个实数的算术平方根与立方根是相等的,则这个实数一定是( ).A .0B . 1C .0或1D .1±7.沿着虚线将矩形剪成两部分,(图中实点为对称中心或中点)既能拼成三角形又能拼成梯形的是( ). A. B. C. D.图 18.如图1所示,以数轴的单位长线段为边作一个正方形,以数轴的原点为圆心、正方形对角线长为半径画弧,交数轴正半轴于点A ,则点A 表示的数是( ). A .211B .1.4C .3D9.如图2,平行四边形ABCD 中,CE 垂直于AB ,∠D =53,则∠BCE 的大小是( ).A .o53B .o43C .o47D .o3710.如图3,在Rt ABC △中,AC =5cm ,BC =4cm ,沿直角边BC 所在的直线向右平移3cm ,连结AD 、AE 、DC ,估计所得到的四边形AECD 的周长与( )最接近. A .10cm B . 11cm C .12cm D . 13cm二、耐心填一填 (本题有6个小题, 每小题3分, 共18分) 11. 分解因式:22b b -= .12.计算:32(4)(2)a b a -÷-=_____________________.13.在等腰梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC , AB CD =,60A ∠=︒,则C ∠= . 14.写出两个无理数,使它们的和大于8: .15.如图4所示,已知:∠BAD=90°,∠BDC=90°,AB=3,AD=4, CD=12,则BC= . 15.如果式子b a ab ∙=(a ≥0,b ≥0)成立,则有323412=∙=.请按照此性质化简使被开方数不含完全平方的因数:=18 .三、用心答一答(本题有9个小题,共102分,解答要求写出文字说明,证明过程或计算步骤) 17.(本题满分9分)分解因式:232ax a y -18.(本题满分9分)先化简或因式分解,再求值: 2(2)(2)x x x x x -÷+-∙ 其中x =-1 19.(本题满分10分)在如图5的方格纸中,每个小方格都是边长为1个单位的正方形,ABC △的三个顶点都在格点上(每个小方格的顶点叫格点).(1)画出ABC △向下平移4个单位后得到的111A B C △;A B E C FD图3EDCBA 图2图10图7图6CB A (2)画出ABC △绕点O 顺时针旋转90后得到的222A B C △,并标出点M 旋转后的对应点/M 的位置.(3)求出线段/MM的长度.20.(本题满分12分)已知:如图6所示,等腰梯形ABCD 中,AB ∥CD , AD=BC=4,DC=3,△ADE ≌△ECB , (1)图中有几个平行四边形,请说明理由. (2)求等腰梯形ABCD 的周长. 21.(本题满分12分)如图7所示,在矩形ABCD 中,AB=4,∠BAD 的角平 分线AE 与边BC 交于点E ,且BE ∶EC=4∶3,连结DE . (1)试求DE 的长度.(2)若要使∠AED=90°,则此时矩形的另一边长为多少.第Ⅱ卷(50分)22.(本小题满分12分)441,0,a b ab a b +==+已知:求式子的值.23.(本小题满分12分)己知:如图8,菱形ABCD 中,对角线AC =4,以AC为边长的正方形ACEF 的一边正好经过点B ,求菱形ABCD 的面积. 24.(本题满13分)如图9,△ABC 与△ACD 都是边长为2的等边三角形,如果△ABC 经过旋转后能与△ACD 重合,试求旋转中心到点B 的距离. 25.(本小题满分13分)如图10所示,将长为5米的梯子AB 斜靠在墙上,OB 长为3米. (1)求梯子上端A 到墙的底边的垂直距离OA 的长度. (2)如果梯子顶端A 下滑1米到点C ,则下端B 在地面上向右滑动到点D ,(梯子AB 的长度不变)猜一猜点B 滑动的距离比1大,还是比1小,或者等于1? 设BD=x, 列出点B 滑动距离x 满足的方程, 并尝试用这个方程的解来判断你的结论.(3)如果把题干改成“将长为10米的梯子AB 斜靠在墙上,OB长为6米”,则第(2)小题中的结论又图9是怎样?请说明理由.2007学年上学期天河区期末考试八年级数学评分标准一、 细心选一选 (本题有10个小题, 每小题3分, 满分30分)二、 耐心填一填 (本题有6个小题, 每小题3分, 共18分) 所有分值只给0分或3分三、用心答一答 (本题有9个小题, 共52分) 17.(本题满分9分)解:232ax a y -=222()a x a y -。
4分=()()a x ay x ay +-。
9分18.(本题满分9分)(不化简代入不给分)解法一:2(2)(2)x x x x x -÷+-∙=222x x x -+-。
4分(乘除各2分)=22x x --。
6分(没有合并扣2分)当x =-1时,原式=2(1)(1)20----=。
9分 解法二:2(2)(2)x x x x x -÷+-∙=(2)(2)x x x -+-。
3分 =(2)(1)x x -+。
6分当x =-1时,(1)0x +=所以原式=(2)(1)x x -+=0。
9分图619.(本题满分10分)(1) 。
3分 (2)。
7分 (其中旋转3分,点/M 1分)) (3)在/RtMOM 中,OM=3,/OM =3。
10分(写成4.256不扣分)(没有写连结M /M ,不扣分;没有说明在/Rt MOM ,给分;第2个图画错,第3题做对,给分) 20.(本题满分12分)(1)图中有2个平行四边形.。
2分∵△ADE ≌△ECB∴∠A=∠CEB∴AD ∥CE 。
∵AB ∥CD∴四边形AECD 是平行四边形。
7分 同理:四边形DEBC 是平行四边形。
8分 (用平移说明AD ∥CE 给分)(2)∵四边形AECD 和四边形DEBC 是平行四边形∴DC=AE=EB=3。
10分 ∴等腰梯形ABCD 的周长=3+4+3+3+4=17.。
12分21.(本题满分12分)(1)∵AE 平分∠BAD∴∠1=∠2。
1分 ∵在矩形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC∴∠1=∠3。
3分 ∴∠2=∠3。
4分 ∴BE=AB=DC=4。
6分 ∵BE ∶EC=4∶3∴EC=3。
8分图7在Rt △DCE 中,∠C=90°,5=。
10分(2)在Rt △ABE 中,∠B=90°, 2224432AE =+=∵AD=BC=BE+EC=4+3=7 ∴249AD =∴∠AED=90°不成立。
12分(备注:只写∠AED=90°不成立,而没有说明得1分。
此处可用判断△AED 是否直角三角形来说明) 写8、7、57都给分第Ⅱ卷(50分)22.(本题满分12分)441,0,a b ab a b +==+已知:求式子的值.解法一:000ab a b ===由得:或。
4分01a b ==当时,得,此时44a b +=1。
8分 01b a ==当时,得:,此时44a b +=1。
12分∴44a b +=1解法二:∵1,0a b ab +==∴222()2101a b a b ab +=+-=-=。
6分 ∴442222222222()2()2()101a b a b a b a b ab +=+-=+-=-=。
12分23.(本题满分12分)解:连接DB ,交AC 于点O ,。
1分则有AC ⊥BD ,OB=OD ,OA=OC=2。
3分 又∵正方形ACEF 中,OA ∥BF ,∠FAO=∠AOB=90°。
4分 ∴FA ∥BO 。
5分∴四边形FBOA 是平行四边形。
6分 ∴OB=FA=AC=4(没有过程扣3分)∴BD=2OB=8。
9分 ∴菱形ABCD 的面积=11481622AC BD ⨯=⨯⨯=.。
12分(对于平行四边形的判定,若用没有学过的其它判别方法说明也可。
) (利用正方形面积算也可以;) 24.(本题满13分)解:(1)若以A 为旋转中心,则旋转中心到点B 的距离为AB=2,。
2分 (2)若以C 为旋转中心,则旋转中心到点B 的距离为CB=2。
4分 (3) 连接DB ,交AC 于点O.若以O 为旋转中心,则旋转中心到点B 的距离为OB 。
6分 ∵△ABC 与△ACD 都是边长为2的等边三角形 ∴BC ∥AD,DC ∥AB∴四边形ABCD 是平行四边形。
8分 ∴OA=OC=1。
9分 ∵AB=BC=2∴BD ⊥AC 。
10分 在Rt △BOC中,OB 。
13分(可以过点B 作AC 的垂线) 25.(本题满分13分) (1) 在Rt △AOB中,4OA ==。