英语100篇精读荟萃(中级篇)
满分网—资料下载—雅思Passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice) In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‘Talk, talk, talk,’ the advocates of violence say, ‘all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.’ It’s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‘Possible, my lord,’ the barrister replied, ‘none the wiser, but surely far better informed.’ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1.What is the best title for this passage?[A] Advocating Violence.[B] Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2.Recorded history has taught us[A] violence never solves anything.[B] nothing.[C] the bloodshed means nothing.[D] everything.3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men[A] can’t get a hearing.[B] are looked down upon.[C] are persecuted.[D] Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4.“He was none the wiser” means[A] he was not at all wise in listening.[B] He was not at all wiser than nothing before.[C] He gains nothing after listening.[D] He makes no sense of the argument.5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is[A] law enforcement.[B] knowledge.[C] nonviolence.[D] Mopping up the violent mess.V ocabulary1.acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的v.抢劫，掠夺；n.赃物2.loot3.pillage v.抢劫，掠夺4.crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂声when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。
5.war-paint 出战前涂于身上的颜料。
（美印第安战士用）e to light = become known 显露，为人所知7.sap 剥削，使伤元气，破坏I was sapped by months of hospital treatment. 我住院治疗几个月，大伤元气。
8.mop up 擦去，对付，处理9.wake 船迹，航迹in the wake of sth. = come after 随某事之后到来。
难句译注1.What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when itcomes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.【结构简析】when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes.当关键时刻来到时。
07年考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit55
Unit 55 When Ellen M. Roche, 24, volunteered for the asthma experiment, she didn't expect to benefit from it——except for the $365 she'd be paid. Unlike clinical trials, in which most patients hope that an experimental therapy will help them, this study was designed just to answer a basic question: how does the way a normal lung reacts to irritants shed light on how an asthmatic lung responds? To find out, scientists led by Dr. Alkis Togias of Johns Hopkins University had Roche and other healthy volunteers inhale a drug called hexamethonium. Almost immediately Roche began to cough and feel short of breath. Within weeks her lungs failed and her kidneys shut down. On June 2 Roche died——a death made more tragic by the possibility that it was preventable. Last week the federal Office for Human Research Protections （OHRP） ruled that Hopkins's system for protecting human subjects is so flawed that virtually all its U.S.-supported research had to stop. The worst part is that Hopkins, one of the nation's premier medical institutions, is not alone. Two years ago the inspector general of the Department of Health and Human Services warned that the system safeguarding human subjects is in danger of a meltdown. The boards that review proposed studies are overburdened, understaffed and shot through with conflicts of interest. Oversight is so porous that no one knows how many people volunteer to be human guinea pigs （21 million a year is an educated guess）, how many are hurt or how many die. "Thousands of deaths are never reported, and adverse events in the tens of thousands are not reported," says Adil Shamoo, a member of the National Human Research Protections Advisory Committee and professor at the University of Maryland. Greg Koski, head of OHRP, has called the clinical-trials system "dysfunctional." The OHRP findings on Hopkins are nothing short of devastating. After a three-day inspection last week, OHRP concluded that the Hopkins scientists failed to get information on the link between hexamethonium and lung toxicity, even though data were available via "routine" Internet searches and in textbooks. The drug is not approved for use in humans; the hexa-methonium Togias used was labeled [F]OR LABORATORY USE ONLY. The review board, OHRP charges, never asked for data on the safety of inhaled hexamethonium in people. The consent form that Roche signed states nowhere that hexamethonium is not approved by the FDA （the form describes it as a "medication"） and didn't warn about possible lung toxicity. Hopkins itself concluded that the review board did not do all it could to protect the volunteers, and suspended all 10 of Togias's studies. Still, the university——whose $301 million in federal grants for 2,000 human studies made it the largest recipient of government research money last year——is seething. "Hopkins has had over 100 years of doing clinical trials," says Dr. Edward Miller, CEO of Johns Hopkins Medicine. "We have had one death in all of those years. We would have done anything in the world to prevent that death, but [suspending the studies] seems out of proportion." Hopkins calls the shutdown of its experiments "unwarranted, unnecessary, paralyzing and precipitous." OHRP is letting trials continue "where it is in the best interests" of subjects. The rest of the studies can resume once Hopkins submits a plan to restructure its system for protecting research subjects. How quickly that happens, says a government spokesman, depends on Hopkins. 注（1）：本⽂选⾃Newsweek; 7/30/2001, p36； 注（2）：本⽂习题命题模仿对象2005年真题Text 1； 1.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by [A]explaining a phenomenon [B]justifying an assumption [C]stating an incident [D]making a comparison 2. The statement “The OHRP findings on Hopkins are nothing short of devastating.”（Line 1, Paragraph 3） implies that [A]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too impressive. [B]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too shocking. [C]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too convincing. [D]The OHRP findings on Hopkins are much too striking. 3. The main reasons for Roche's death are as following, except that _______. [A]the protecting system hasn't been set up [B]the review board has neglected their duty [C]the research team was not responsible enough for its volunteers [D]the possibility of lung toxicity was overlooked 4. The OHRP has found that [A]Hopkins has loose control over the experiment. [B]the volunteers knew nothing about the experiment. [C]there is something wrong with every aspect of the experiment. [D]there exist many hidden troubles in human subjects safeguarding system. 5. What can we infer from the last paragraph? [A]Hopkins had no fault in this accident. [B]Hopkins seemed not to quite agree with The OHRP [C]Togias's studies shouldn't be suspended. [D]Hopkins wanted to begin their experiments as soon as possible. 答案:CBACB 篇章剖析 本⽂采⽤提出问题——分析问题的模式，着重分析了约翰-霍普⾦斯⼤学参与医学实验的⾃愿者死亡事件发⽣的原因以及产⽣的后果。
强烈推荐的考研英语书籍
英语复习参考书及相应的使用方法一.阅读部分1.历年英语考研真题（必备）适合整个阶段使用。
2.张锦芯的200篇这本书阅读题出的很简单，这是公认的。
但是有一点希望大家重视，就是它的后半部分有几章，是关于阅读方法技巧的讲解，对阅读很有帮助。
我建议大家把这本书买下来，只看这一部分的内容。
3.吴永鳞的《考研英语必备精读100篇荟萃》把张锦芯的200篇后半部分关于阅读方法技巧的讲解看完后，就可以使用本书来打基础，练习阅读了。
主要使用基础篇和中级篇。
高级篇太难，并且和考研题出题思路相去甚远。
本书的阅读题目出得非常简单，所以使用本书的人应该把注意力放在如何读懂文章，如何分析长难句上。
4.石春祯的《考研英语阅读220篇》这本书中的阅读文章是所有考研复习书中最难的。
建议不要在复习前期使用本书。
可以在使用完吴永鳞的《考研英语必备精读100篇荟萃》后再使用本书。
尤其是基础不好的考研者建议不要轻易使用它。
5.曹其军的阅读复习书，索玉柱的阅读复习书这两人的书都是比较好的。
如果石春祯的《考研英语阅读220篇》对你来说很难，那么就选择曹或者索编的任一本。
6.《英语世界》杂志（必备）现在的考研阅读题，有个趋势，就是文体越来越偏向现代报刊文章。
所以，考研复习伊始，就要不间断地读英语报刊杂志。
而《英语世界》杂志是同类中最好的一本。
就是价格偏贵（5元一期）。
这本杂志，小说部分和文学部分没有必要看。
阅读的时候，最好是一气呵成的看下去，不要一遇到看不懂的地方就看中文翻译，这样对英文水平提高不大。
当然，如果你的基础不好，实在是做不到，就中英对照着看，并注意把长难句摘录下来，以遍日后再次复习之。
以上1-6中，无论你的基础如何，1，6是必备的。
就我这几年的了解，发现很多人对英语阅读如何去读，如何去解题都没有一个系统的方法，所以2对与大多数人也是必备的。
3-5可以根据个人的情况自由选择。
但是基础不好的人（尤其是长难句还没有过关的），3是必须要买的。
英语阅读理解100篇(中级篇)-2_英语题库
英语阅读理解100篇（中级篇）-2_英语题库Passage Two(The Tourist Trade Contributes Absolutely Nothing to IncreasingUnderstanding between Nations)The tourist trade is booming.With all this coming and going,you’d expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world.Not a bit of it! Superb systems of communication by air,sea and land make it possible for us to visit each other’s countries at a moderate cost.What was once the‘grand tour’, reserved for only the very rich,is now within everybody’s grasp?The package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at.Modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldn’t have dreamed of.But what’s the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other?Many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. They deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population.The modern tourist leads a cosseted,sheltered life.He lives at international hotels,where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance.Conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored.The tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more.A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own;and anyway,language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way.At its very worst,this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization.The summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire:are temporarily reestablished on the island of Corfu. Blackpool is recreated at Torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips.The sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes.We don’t see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are.You can test this for yourself. Take five nationalities,say,French,German,English,American and Italian.Now in your mind,match them with these five adjectives:musical,amorous,cold,pedantic, native.Far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned,these adjectives actually act as barriers.So when you set out on your travels,the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions.You come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that,say,‘Anglo-Saxons are hypocrites’of that‘Latin peoples shout a lot’.You only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are.But how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you?Carried to an extreme,stereotypes can be positively dangerous.Wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic fact—how trite it sounds!–That all people are human.We are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.1.The best title for this passage is[A]tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.[B]Tourism is tiresome.[C]Conducted tour is dull.[D]tourism really does something to one’s country.2.What is the author’s attitude toward tourism?[A]apprehensive.[B]negative.[C]critical.[D]appreciative.3.Which word in the following is the best to summarize Latin people shouta lot?[A]silent.[B]noisy.[C]lively.[D]active.4.The purpose of the author’s criticism is to point out[A]conducted tour is disappointing.[B]the way of touring should be changed.[C]when traveling,you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.[D]national stereotypes should be changed.5.What is‘grand tour’now?[A]moderate cost.[B]local sight-seeing is investigated by the tourist organization.[C]people enjoy the first-rate comforts.[D]everybody can enjoy the‘grand tour’.Vocabulary1.superb卓越的，杰出的，第一流的2.moderate中庸的，中等的，适度的3.grand tour大旅行，指旧时英国富家子弟教育中，到欧洲大陆观光的旅行，为学业必经阶段。
英语100篇精读荟萃(中级篇)
Passage One (Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice) In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch（事到临头）, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other‘s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. ‗Talk, talk, talk,‘ the advocates of violence say, ‗all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.‘ It‘s rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. ‗Possible, my lord,‘ the barrister replied, ‗none the wiser, but surely far better informed.‘Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1.What is the best title for this passage?A. Advocating Violence.B. Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C. Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D. The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2.Recorded history has taught usA. violence never solves anything.B. nothing.C. the bloodshed means nothing.D. everything.3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable menA. can‘t get a hearing.B. are looked down upon.C. are persecuted.D. have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4.―He was none the wiser‖ meansA. He was not at all wise in listening.B. He was not at all wiser than nothing before.C. He gains nothing after listening.D. He makes no sense of the argument.5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice isA. law enforcement.B. knowledge.C. nonviolence.D. mopping up the violent mess.V ocabulary1.acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的2.loot v.抢劫，掠夺；n.赃物3.pillage v.抢劫，掠夺4.crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂声when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。
英语_高中英语阅读理解精读荟萃(中级篇)
Passage OneThe Affect of Electricity on CancerCan electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence "suggests a casual link" between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as "a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans. "The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such "ionizing" radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having "biased the entire document" toward proving a link. "Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that <electromagnetic fields> present in the environment induce or promote cancer," the Air Force concludes. "It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report. " Then Penta gon’s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.1.The main idea of this passage isA. studies on the cause of cancerB. controversial view-points in the cause of cancerC. the relationship between electricity and cancer.D. different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.2.The view-point of the EPA isA. there is casual link between electricity and cancer.B. electricity really affects cancer.C. controversial.D. low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer3.Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report? BecauseA. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.B. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronicequipment.C. the Pentagon’s concern was understandable.D. they had different arguments.4.It can be inferred from physical phenomenonA. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.B. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.C. electromagnetic field may affect health.D. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.5.What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?A. They are indifferent.B. They are worried very much.C. The may exercise prudent avoidance. C. They are shocked.Vocabulary1. preposterous反常的,十分荒谬的,乖戾的2. leukemia白血病3. malignancy 恶性肿瘤4. legitimate 合法的,合理的5. paranoia偏执狂,妄想狂.这里指：无根据的担心.6. lymphoma 淋巴瘤7. carcinogen 致癌物8. minuscule很小的,很不重要9. consensus舆论10. wallop 乱窜,猛冲,冲击力11. epidemiological 流行病学的12. blistering罗嗦的,胡扯的13. critique 评论,批评14. imprimatur 出版许可〔官方审查后的〕,批准难句译注1.Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.[参考译文]由于这问题的证据还不是结论性的,而且常常是矛盾的,所以就难以断定有关电力对身体的影响的顾虑是合乎情理,还是毫无根据的怀疑.2. EPA——U. S. Environmental Protection Agency美国环境保护署3．While the report falls short <缺乏,不够> of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as "a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans. "[参考译文]虽然报告没有把极低频磁场归类为可能致癌物,但它确实指出通常60赫兹的磁场是"一种虽尚未证实,但可能导致人患癌症的因素."4．The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House[参考译文]证据争议性仍然很大,所以报告草案在布什政府内引起巨大的争辩,而环保署无视无角大楼和白宫的强烈反对,公布了这份报告.5.This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.[参考译文]这远比细胞所产生的电磁场低的多.6.…and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body.[参考译文]而且几十年来,科学家专注于更为强大的辐射类别,如Ｘ光射线,其聚合的冲击力足以把电子从组成人体的分子中撞出来.7.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect.[参考译文]可是流行病学的研究发现,几组资料在数据方面有所关联,却没有证实其因果关系.8. a body of laboratory work 一批研究成果.9.In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having "biased the entire document" toward proving a link.[参考译文]在长达33页的对环保署文件的十分尖锐的批评中,空军方面的科学家指责,作者歪曲整个文件以证明癌症和电磁场之间的关联.10.It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its imprimatur on this report.[参考译文]令人惊讶的是环保署竟然批准许可这份报告的出笼.写作方法与文章大意文章以问答的方式,对比的写作方法,写出了围绕电力是否影响健康——是否致癌因素的两种观点,及其观点的依据.一种是美国环境保护署为代表的：极低频磁场是一种可能但还未被证实的致癌因素,而且无视白宫和五角大楼反对,公布了这份报告.理由是科学证据提出了两者之间的关联偶然性.另一种以空军中科学家为主的观点：电磁场不会诱发或触发癌症,而且以歪曲整个文件来证明两者之关系,批评了环保署.其理由人人皆知.因军队中任一单位都有点——从地面雷达到舰艇飞机防卫系统.答案详解1. D 电力对癌症影响的不同观点.文章一开始就提出了"电会致癌吗？"这个问题.十多年来,一大批科学家和新闻界人士都指出：研究结果似乎表示：接触电磁场可能会增加患白血病和其他恶性肿瘤的危险性.所以说到目前为止还难以确定电力对健康的影响究竟是理性的,还是杞人忧天.见难句注释1.第二段公布了环保署的报告,见难句注释3.第三段说明：即使有致癌危险也是极微的.但应予以认真对待,进行更多的研究.而第七段中空军方面的科学家还没有被说服〔见难句注释9〕,明确提出,我们的评论员认为没有迹象说明环境中存在的电力会诱发或促发癌症.A. 对致癌因素的研究.B. 致癌原因方面有争议的观点,这两项根本部队,和文内电力毫无关系.C. 电力和癌症的关系,文中涉及的是电力究竟会不会致癌的两种观点,而不是两者之关系.2. A. 电和致癌有一定难以确定的关系.答案在第二段第三句,环保署目前的结论是据科学证据指出极低频电磁场——具有长波的电磁场——和白血病,淋巴瘤及脑癌之间有着难以确定的联系,见难句注释3.A. 电确实致癌,不对.C. 有争议的.说的不够清楚,争议什么.D. 低频磁场是一个可能致癌因素.这只是论点的一面.3. B. 现代军事的任何部门都一直依赖于应用大量应用电子设备.五角大楼和白宫所以反对环保署公布报告之理由就在此.空军方面的专家所以说环保署方面的报告"歪曲了整个文件以证明两者之间的关系"也在此.见难句注释4.所以文内说"角大楼的关注是可以理解的."A. 报告会在布什政府内引起大规模的辩论,这是结果.C. 五角大楼的关注是可以理解的,这不是原因.D. 他们有不同的观点.4.磁场力太弱不会产生有害作用.答案在第四段第二,三句,当电流通过电缆,产生磁场,对周围物体产生〔影响〕力.许多年来,科学家把任何有关"这些力可能有害的想法"置于一边〔不予考虑〕,主要是因为它们〔所产生的力〕非常弱.B. 磁场力比细胞产生的电磁场弱.只是明确指出的事实.C. 磁场力对人的健康有害.不对.D. 只有更强的辐射才能把人体中的电子击出来.不对.5. C. 他们会采取谨慎小心避开电器的途径.因为他们不可能象A项那样漠不关心.这种问题直接影响人的生命.B. 他们非常担忧.D. 他们感到震惊,这两项都不可能,因为还在争议中,唯一的途径是尽量避开和电器接触.Passage TwoReligion and RationalityYet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate.Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to expresssatisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greed oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death—the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come. The real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained in and natural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? The answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom—I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of all food. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.1.As used in the passage, the author would define "wisdom" asA. the pursuit of rationality through imagination.B. an unemotional search for the truth.C. a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is best.D. a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness2.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions.B. Religion has proved an ineffective tool in solving man’s problems.C. Science seeks a piece meal solution to man’s questions.D. The functions of philosophy and reason are the same.3.According to the author, science differs from religion in thatA. it is unaware of ultimate goals.B. it is unimaginative.C. its findings are exact and final.D. it resembles society and art.4.The author states that religion differs from rationality in thatA. it relies on intuition rather than reasoning .B. it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aims.C. it has disappointed mankind.D. it has inspired mankind.5.According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to beA. imaginative.B. a provider of hope for the future.C. a highly intellectual activityD. ineffectual.Vocabulary1. grace恩赐,仁慈,感化,感思祷告2. chide责备3. sentiment情感4. inviolate 不受侵犯的,纯洁的5. intent意义,含义6. piecemeal一件件,逐渐的,零碎的7. bubble up起泡,沸腾,兴奋8. veer 改变方向,转向9. abortive 夭折的,失败的,中断的,流产的.10. pale X围,界限11. draught 要求12. oracle神谕宣誓,预言,圣言13. antidote 解毒药,矫正方法14. correlate 相互关系15. dislocate 使离开原来位置,打乱正常秩序16. gratuitous无偿的,没有理由的.17. debauch 使失落,放荡18. sanction 支持,鼓励,认可19. impede妨碍,制止20. ineptitude 不恰当,无能,愚蠢21. insinuate 暗示22. remould重塑,重铸23. aspiration 抱负,壮志24. arrogate没来由反把……归于〔to 〕25. literal 朴实的,字面的26. intelligible 可以理解的.27. conceit 幻想,奇想难句译注1.Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs.[参考译文]可是音调和语言的差异必然很快的给我们深刻的印象,就象哲学所说的那样：那种差异应提乡我们,即使##的功能和理性的功能恰好相符的话,其功能也是通过不同的器官在两种不同的情况下完成的.2.Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind.[参考译文]另一方面,理性知识一种原那么或者是潜在的秩序,我们确实可以在此基础上存在于我们心中,没有种种变化,或任何压力.3.We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion.[参考译文]不论我们是否遵循理性,它不会极力或责备我们,除了以事物的本来面目和比例揭示各种事物而自然而然的激起我们的感情,它并不需要我们付出任何感情.4.Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than issociety, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims.[参考译文]##在其意义上,比社会,科学,艺术更自觉,更直接的追求"理性生活",因为这些东西〔社会,科学,艺术〕暂时而又零星的接近和填补理想的生活,无视目的,也不管其本能的目标是否最终证明正确.5. one and all 各个都,全部6.Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind.[参考译文]处于##领域X围之内的人民也许会说服自己对其结果表示满意,这要感谢他们在结实过去和对未来希望宽宏要切上的一种偏爱.可是任何迅速关注##的人,把其成就和理性所要求的一切做一比较,必然感到这种种##为全人类作好的失望是实在太可怕了.7.To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness.[参考译文]以无理的幻想混淆智力,弄乱正常的情感是一种短视的追求幸福的方法.8.Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.[参考译文]因此,##常常会使它要支持的道德堕落沦丧,并妨碍它应该执行的科学任务.9.The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses.[参考译文]生活的目标和条件在##中诗一般的呈现,但这种诗意往往把##所并不具有的朴实真理和道德威力没有来由的归于##.写作方法与文章大意这是一篇用对比手法写出##和理性之差异并着重描述##的文章.有各种中焦,理性只有一个,纵然两者在功能和目的上有不相同之处,但由于##以直觉,想象力,情感为主,无视目的,虽比科学,社会或艺术更自觉,更直接追求理性生活,结果却是失败和失望,而理性那么相反.答案详解1. C. 一种有目的而又不带偏见对最佳事物的探索.答案在最后一段,这种愚蠢的秘密是什么？为什么##在目的上那么接近真理,在其结构和结果上,却没有理性的一切？答案很简单：##是通过想象来追逐理性,当它解释事件或阐明原因时,以虚构的想象来取代科学,当它训诫,暗示理想或者重塑抱负时,以想象代替智慧——智慧的意思是指有意识而又公正的追求一切好东西.A. 通过想象力追求理性.B. 不带感情的探询真理.C. 追求幸福的短视的方法.2. A. ##通过想象力寻求真理,而理性的探索却运用感情.见难句译注3,理性〔智〕是非感情的.B. 在解决人类问题上的##是一种无效的工具.C. 科学寻求逐步解决对人类的问题.D. 哲学和理性的功能是一样的.3. A. ##没有意识〔不知道〕其最终目的的.见难句译注4,说明##不管〔几乎不关注〕其目的,或不关心其本能的目标最终真确与否.B. ##没有想象力.C. 其成果是确切的,最终的.D. ##很象科学和艺术.4. D. 它激起人类情感.第一段中说"##的挣扎与不断变化的力量似乎促使人追求某种永恒的东西,它似乎追求灵魂的最终和谐以及灵魂与灵魂所依赖的一起事物之间的永恒的和谐."A. ##依赖于直觉而不是推理.第一段最后一句：##也有本能和盲目的一面,在各种各样的偶然实践和直觉中沸腾.可不久它又向事物内心摸索前进,然而不论从哪个方向来,都转想最终方向〔最终多转想这个方向——直觉〕,文章的最后一句：##的目的和理想的目的一样,而其实现目的方法是通过直觉和无限止的诗一般的幻想来进行的.B. 它不关心其本能的目标最终是否真确.C. 它使人类很失望.5. D. 无效.第二段开始就点出：我们得承认##追求理性生活一直是很失败〔流产了〕.A. 有想象力的.B. 为未来提供希望的.C. 是一个高度的智力活动.Passage ThreeCryptic ColoringCryptic coloring is by far the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence. It is employed for the purpose of attack <aggressive resemblance or anticryptic coloring > as well as of defense <protective resemblance or procryptic coloring >. The fact that the same method concealment, may be used both for attack and defense has been well explained by T. Belt who suggests as an illustration the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations. Cryptic coloring is commonly associated with other aids in the struggle for life. Thus well-concealed mammals and birds, when discovered, will generally endeavorto escape by speed and will often attempt to defend themselves actively. On the other hand, small animals which have no means of active defense, such as large, numbers of insects, frequently depend upon concealment alone. Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey. In the case of insectivorous Vertebrata and their prey such differences exist in an exaggerated form. Cryptic coloring, whether used for defense of attack, may be either general or special. In general resemblance the animal, in consequence of its coloring, produces the same effect as its environment, but the conditions do not require any special adaptation of shape and outline. General resemblance is especially common among the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of the earth’s surface, such as an ocean or a desert. In the former, animals of all shapes are frequently protected by their transparent blue color, on the latter, equally diverse forms are defended by their sandy appearance. The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast. Thus the black and white stripes of the zebra blend together at a little distance, and "their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight. " Special resemblance is far commoner than general and is the form which is usually met with on the diversified surface of the earth, on the shores, and in shallow water, as well as on the floating masses of algae on the surface of the ocean, such as the Sargasso Sea. In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes. Complete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land; but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized, and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is effected. In special resemblance the combination of coloring, shape, and attitude is such as to produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of the objects in the environment, such as a leaf of twig, a patch of lichen, a flake of bark. In all cases the resemblance is to some object which is of no interest to the enemy or prey respectively. The animal is not hidden from view by becoming indistinguishable from its background as in the case of general resemblance, but it is mistaken for some well-know object.In seeking the interpretation of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations, attempts have been made along two lines. The first seeks to explain the effect as a result of the direct influence of the environment upon the individual <G. L. L. Buffon>, or by the inherited effects of efforts and theuse and disuse of parts <J. B. P. Lamarck>. The second believes that natural selection produced the result and afterwards maintained it by the survival of the best concealed in each generation. The former suggestion breaks down when the complex nature of numerous special resemblances is appreciated. Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude. The latter is instinctive and thus depends on the central nervous system. The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural selection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival. A few of the chief types of methods by which concealment is effected may be briefly described. The colors of large numbers of vertebrate animals are darkest on the back and become gradually lighter on the sides, passing into white on the belly. Abbot H. Thayer has suggested that this gradation obliterates the appearance of solidity, which is due to shadow. The color harmony, which is also essential to concealment, is produced because the back is of the same tint as the environment <e. g. earth>, bathed in the cold blue-white of the sky, while the belly, being cold blue-white and bathed in shadow and yellow earth reflections produces the same effects. This method of neutralizing shadow for the purpose of concealment by increased lightness of tint was first suggested by E. B. Poulton in the case of a larva and a pupa, but he did not appreciate the great importance of the principle. In an analogous method an animal in front of a background of dark shadow may have part of its body obliterated by the existence of a dark tint, the remainder resembling, e. g. , a part of a leaf. This method of rendering invisible any part which would interfere with the resemblance is well know in mimicry.1.The black and white stripes of the zebra are most useful formA. hunters.B. nocturnal predatorsC. lions and tigers.D. insectivorousVertrbrata2.Aggressive resemblance occurs whenA. a predaceous attitude is assumed.B. special resemblance is utilized.C. an animal relies on speed.D. an animal blends in with its background.3.Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that the animal relies onA. its ability to frighten its adversary.B. speed.C. its ability to assume an attitude.D. mistaken identify4.The title below that best expresses the ides of this passage isA. Cryptic coloration for Protection.B. How Animals Survive.C. The uses of Mimicry in Nature.D. Resemblances of Animals.5.Of the following which is the least common?A. protective resemblance.B. General resemblance.C. Aggressive resemblance.D. Special resemblance.Vocabulary1. cryptic 隐藏的,保护的cryptic coloring 保护色,隐藏色2. predaceous 食肉的,捕食其他动物的.3. vertebrate 脊椎动物门4. tint 色泽,色彩5. zebra 斑马6. Sargasso 果本马尾藻7. twig嫩枝8. lichen 地衣9. flake 一片10. gradation 等级,层次,分等11. obliterate 涂抹,擦去,使消失12. larva 幼虫,幼体13. pupa 蛹14. mimicry 模仿,拟态15. nocturnal 夜间发生的,夜出的16. insectivorous 食虫的17. procryptic 有保护色的,保护性的难句译注1.…the rapidit y of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued, which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations.[参考译文]追捕动物和被追的动物也利用快速的动作.这种快速的运动同样是通过几代更迭,逐渐消除了慢速,而发展到快速顶峰.2.Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance, in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey.[参考译文]保护性模仿远比侵犯行模仿要普遍得多,这是和下述的情况想配合的：食肉的〔形式〕动物,按惯律总是比他们捕食的对象要大而且多得多.3.The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast.[参考译文]在惊人的对比中,色泽的综合可能产生外形一致的效果.4.…their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.[参考译文]〔这里指斑马的黑白条〕比例正好和在月光下观看贫瘠土地所具有的苍白色泽相吻合.5.In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape, and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes.[参考译文]在这些环境中,动物的保护色常常得到特定的形状变化和本能的协作,这种本能会使动物采取特定的姿势.plete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land; but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized…[参考译文]绝对静态和采取一般姿势在陆地的一般模仿中起很大作用,而在专门模仿中,姿势常常是高度专门化的.7.Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude.[参考译文]因此许多类颜色排列成恰当的模式/形式,要求把合适的外形和严格的采用一定的精心设计的姿势相结合.8.The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors; and in the present state of science, the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural selection, which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival.[参考译文]保护效果是由于所以这些因素确切合作而形成.根据目前科学水平,唯一的解释〔此种现象〕就是自然选择理论,它可以累积要生存的各种变异/变种.。
英语阅读理解100篇大全.doc
英语阅读理解 100 篇大全高考英语阅读理解100 篇： presidentThere are stories about two U.S . presidents，Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren，which attempt to explain theAmerican English term OK.We dont know if either story is true，but they are both interesting. The first explanation is basedon the fact that President Jackson had very littleeducation.In fact，he had difficulty reading and writing.When important papers came to Jackson，he tried to read them andthen had his assistants explain what they said.If he approvedof a paper.he would write“all correct”on it.The problem was that he didnt know how to spell.So what he really wrotewas“ol korekt”.After a while，he shortened that termto “OK”.The second explanation is based on the place wherePresident Van Buren was born，Kinderhook，New York.Van Bnrens friends organized a club to help him become President Theycaned the club the Old Kinderhook Club，and anyone who supported Van Buren was called“OK”.31.The authorA. believes both of the storiesB.doesnt believe a word of the storiesC is not sure whether the stories are trueD. is telling the stories just for fun32. According to the passage，President JacksonA.couldnt draw up any documents at allB. didnt like to read important papers by himselfC.often had his assistants sign documents for himD .wasnt good at reading ，writing or spelling33.According to the first story, the term A.“OK”was approved of by President JacksonB.was the title of some Official documentsC.was first used by President JacksonD.was an old way to spell “all correct ’’34 .According to the second story ，the term ‘‘ OK”A.was the short way to say‘‘ old Kinderhook Club ”B.meant the place where President Van Buren was bornC.was the name of Van Burens clubD.was used to call Van Burens supporters in the election35.According to the second story.the term“OK”was first usedA.by Van BurenB.in a presidential electionC.to organize the Old Kinderhook ClubD.by the members of the‘‘ Old Kinderhook Club”答案： CDCDBPassage 1 解析：这里要讲述 Andrew Jackson 和 Martin Van Buren 这 2 届美国总统的小故事。
大学英语四级考试精读荟萃100篇
大学英语四级考试精读荟萃100篇(44):露天演出的服装Pageants are usually conceived on a fairly large scale, often under the auspices of some local or civic authority or at any rate in connection with local groups of some kind. This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.Most pageants have a historical flavour as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death of some local worthy. Research among archives and books in the public library will probably prove very useful and produce some workable ideas which will give the production an especially local flavour. From the first economy will have to be practiced because there are usually a great number of people to dress. Leading characters can be considered individually in the same way as when designing for a play; but the main body of the performers will need to be planned in groups and the massed effect must be always borne in mind.Many pageants take place in daylight in the open air. This is an entirely different problem from designing costumes which are going to be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. No longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of disturbing movement in the audience of behind the performers. Very theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes. The location needs to be studied and then a decision can be made as to what kinds of colors and textures will harmonize best with the surroundings and conditions and then to carry this out as far as possible on the funds available.If money is available to dress the performers without recourse to their own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion. When there is little or no money at all, the garments need to be reduced to the basic necessities. Cloaks and shawls become invaluable, sheets and large bath towels and bath sheets are admirable for draping. Unwanted curtains and bed spreads can be cut to make tunics, robes and skirts. These are particularly valuable if they are of heavy fabrics such as velvet or chenille.Colors should be massed together so that there are contrasting groups of dark and light, this will be found to help the visual result substantially. Crowds of people gathered together in a jumble of colors will be ground to look quite purposeless and will lack dramatic impact.The use of numbers of identical head-dresses, however simply made, are always effective when working with groups. If these are made of cardboard and painted boldly the cost can be almost negligible. Helmets, hats and plumes will all make quite a show even if the costumes are only blandest or sheets cleverly draped. The same can be said of theuse of banners, shields and poles with stiff pennants and garlands—anything which will help to have a unifying effect. Any kind of eye-catching device will always go with a flourish and add excitement to the scenes.1. The main idea of this passage is[A]. Pageants. [B]. Costumes on the stage.[C]. Costumes for pageants. [D]. How to arrange a pageant.2. It can be inferred that the most important factor in costume design is[A]. money. [B]. color. [C]. harmony [D]. texture3. Why will much ingenuity have to be required in costume design?[A]. Because pageants take place in daylight in the open air.[B]. Because different characters require different costumes.[C]. Because the colors and textures must be in harmony with the setting.[D]. Because an allocation of the funds available is usually rather small.4. Why do most pageants have a historical flavour?[A]. Because most pageants take place for celebration.[B]. Many pageants take place for amusement.[C]. A lot of pageants take place for religion.[D]. Because pageants usually take place for competition.Vocabulary1. conceive 设想，想象to be conceived 设想好的，构思好的2. under the auspices of 在……的主办下3. meager 贫乏的，不足的4. mount 登上，制作，上演5. flavour 风味，风格，情趣6. archive(s) 档案(馆)7. distraction 使人分心的事8. ivy 常春藤9. mellow 柔和的10. recourse (to) 依赖，求助于11. drape 覆盖，披上12. invaluable 无价的，非常贵重的13. tunic (古时)长达膝盖的外衣，穿在盔甲上的战袍14. chenille 绳绒绒(织品)15. jumble 混乱，搞乱16. pennant 细长三角旗17. garland 花环，花冠难句译注1. This sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.[结构简析] 复合结构。
中学英语阅读100篇
1Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat,blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate（使发生联系）red with a strong feeling like 1 . Red is used for signs of 2 , such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of 3 in autumn. People say orange is a 4 color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of__5__. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in__6__. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people__7__two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and__8__.Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be__9__. Those who like to be with__10 _like red. The cool colors are __11_ and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to__12 _more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good__13_for a living room or a __14_. People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly.__15 colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.1. A. sadnessB. angerC. administrationD. smile2. A. roads B. ways C. danger D. places3. A. landB. leaves C. grass D. mountains4. A. lively B. dark C. noisy D.frightening5. A. moonlight B. light C. sunlight D. stars6. A. summer B. spring C. autumn D. winter7. A. speak B. say C. talk about D. tell8. A. green B. yellow C. white D. gray9. A. calm B. sleepy C. active D. helpful10.A. the other B. another C. other one D. others11. A. blackB. green C. golden D. yellow12. A. go round B. go by C. go off D. go along13. A. one B. way C. fact D. matter14. A. factory B. classroom C. restaurant D. hospital15. A. Different B. Cool C. Warm D. All名师点评不同颜色往往可以代表不同的心情。
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit90
考研英语阅读理解精读100篇unit90Unit 90Watching a child struggle to breathe during an asthma attack is frightening for any parent. So it is only natural that most moms and dads will try just about anything——including spending a lot of money——to keep an attack at bay. Trouble is, more than half of parents are trying strategies that simply don't work and wasting hundreds of dollars in the process, according to a study published last week in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.The report, based on interviews with the parents of 896 asthmatic children in 10 different cities, contained some good news. Eighty percent of parents had a handle on at least one of the triggers that worsened their children's asthma. After that, however, many parents seemed to go astray, taking precautions that weren't helpful "and made little sense," according to Dr. Michael Cabana, a pediatrician at the University of Michigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, who led the study.One of the most common mistakes was to buy a mattress cover to protect against dust mites for a child whose asthma was exacerbated instead by plant pollen. Many of those parents then neglected to do what would have helped a lot more: shut the windows to keep pollen out. Another was using a humidifier for a child who was allergic to dust mites; a humidifier tends to be a place where dust mites like to breed. With those allergies, a dehumidifier works better.Worst of all was the number of smokers with asthmatic children who didn't even try to quit or at least limit themselves to smoking outdoors rather than just moving to another room orthe garage. Second-hand smoke has been proved, over and over again, to be a major trigger of asthma attacks. Many smoking parents purchased expensive air filters that have what Cabana called "questionable utility."Part of the problem, Dr. Cabana and his colleagues believe, is that parents are bombarded by television ads that encourage them to buy products such as air and carpet fresheners, ionizers and other remedies that are often expensive but medically unnecessary. And doctors may not always take the time, or have the time, to explain to parents what will and won't work in their child's particular case. For example, allergies are usually a problem for older children with asthma, while kids 5 and younger more frequently have trouble with viral respiratory infections. So make sure you understand what's really triggering your child's asthma. And remember, the best solutions are not always the most expensive ones.注（１）：本文选自Time，8/30/2004，p67；注（２）：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题T ext 11. What does the study by Dr. Michael Cabana indicate?[A]Parents are eager to cure of their children's disease.[B]Many parents are wasting money for their children's frightening disease.[C] Many parents fail to find the effective way for their children's disease.[D]Parents feel worried about their children's disease.2. Which of the following is not the trigger of asthma attacks?[A]Humidifier.[B]Second-hand smoke.[C]Plant pollen.[D]Dust mites.3. The expression “to keep an attack at bay” （Line 3, Paragraph 1） most probably means ________.[A]to ease the attack[B]to lessen the attack[C]to continue the attack[D]to prevent the attack4. Why are the parents in such a dilemma?[A]The doctors are not responsible enough.[B]Parents are influenced much by ads.[C]Parents are ignorant of the disease.[D]The quality of medical products is not good.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A]Parents shouldn't spend too much money on the children.[B]The expensive products are not always good.[C]To know the real trigger of the disease is very important.[D]Parents often make mistakes.答案：CADBC篇章剖析本文采用提出问题——说明问题——分析问题的模式，指出哮喘病患儿家长在防治哮喘方面存在的问题、错误及其误区。
英语阅读100篇
精选中考阅读理解100篇(附答案)(1-20)1-20(1) The Weather （选自广州）In winter the weather in England is often very cold. In spring and autumn there are sometimes cold days, but there are also days when the weather is warm. The weather is usually warm insummer. It is sometimes hot in summer, but it is not often very hot. There are often cool daysin summer.When the temperature is over 27℃, English people say it is hot. When the temperature is about 21℃, they say it is warm.In the north of Europe it is very cold in winter. In the south of Europe the summer is often very hot.In the south of Spain（1） and in North Africa（2） the summer is always hot.Water freezes（3） at 0℃. When water freezes, it changes from a liquid（4） into ice. Water boils （5） at 100℃. When water boils, it changes from a liquid into steam（6）.Notes：（1）Spain/speIn/n. 西班牙（2）Africa/`frIk/n.非洲（3）freeze/fri：z/v.结冰（4）liquid/`lIkwId/n.液体（5）boil/bIl/v.沸腾；（水）开（6）steam/sti：m/ n.蒸汽1.What is the weather like in summer in England?A.V ery hot.B.Warm.C.Cool.D.Both A and C.2.What do you think “the north of Europe" means?A.A part of a country.B.The capital of Europe.C.A country in the north of Europe.D.A part of Europe.3.When water freezes, it changes from into .A.water, iceB.water, steamC.steam, iceD.ice, water4.The writer wants to tell us something about .A.the weather in EuropeB.the weather in EnglandC.some knowledge of the temperatureD. three states of water答案：1—4 DDAC(2) The Artist and the Beggar（1）(选自成都)An artist was coming home by train one day. He hadn’t much money but was very kind. He gave his last few coins（2） to a beggar, but he saw another one, and forgot that he didn’t have any money in his pockets. He asked the man if he liked to have lunch with him, and the beggar, of course, agreed. So they went into a small restaurant and had a good meal.In the end, the artist could not pay the bill（3）, and the beggar had to do so. The artist felt very sorry for it, so he said to the beggar, “Come home with me in a taxi, my friend. And I’ll give you the money for our lunch."“Oh, no!" the beggar answered quickly. “I had to pay for your lunch, but I’m not going to pay for your taxi home!"Notes: （1）beggar/`beg/ n.乞丐（2）coin/kIn/n. 硬币（3）bill /bIl/n.帐单1.What kind of man was the artist?2.What did he do to the first beggar?3.What did the artist forget when he invited another beggar to have lunch with him?4.Who paid for the meal?5.What did the artist want to do at last?6.Why didn’t the beggar go home with the artist?答案：1.The artist is a kind man.2.He gave his last few coins to the first beggar.3.He forgot that he had no money then.4.The beggar paid for the bill.5.He wanted to return the beggar the money when he got home.6.Because he wouldn’t pay for the taxi.(3) A Common Language （选自陇南）There is a common（1） language popular in every country in the world. All the people, old and young, men and women, must use it.It’s everybody’s second language. It’s easy to learn, though（2） you don’t hear it. It’s sign language（3）.When you wave to a friend, you are using sign language. When you smile at someone, you mean to be friendly. When you put up your hand in class, you are saying, “Please ask me. I know the correct answer." When you put your finger in front of your mouth, you mean “Be quiet." The deaf use sign language to talk to each other. There is even a university for the deaf in the United States. There are also TV programmes for the deaf people. They use sign language to tell everybody.Notes: （1）common/`kmn/adj. 共同的（2）though/u/ conj. 尽管（3）sign language 手势语（4）wave/weIv/ v. 挥手1.E uses sign language.2.Sign language is not d, so we can learn it.3.Most people who can s use sign language, too.4.If someone smiles at you, it means he/she is friendly t you.5.If you can a a question, you should put up your hand first.6.You put your finger in front of your mouth if you want someone not to s anything.7.The deaf can talk to each other w sign language.8.Some A deaf people can learn sign language in the university.答案：1.Everyone 2.difficult 3.speak 4.to 5.answer 6.say 7.with 8.American(4) Tom Broke a Plate or a Gold Watch? （选自辽宁）It was Sunday and Tom was staying at home. After breakfast he went out into the garden and played quietly by himself. There were no kids around and he was used to（1） playing alone quietly. He played with Bobby, the dog. He climbed up and down the tree. Sometimes a bird would come down to perch（2） on top of the doghouse. Then Tom would have the greatest fun（3） by throwing a stone or something at it. Though he never made it, he did like doing this kind of thing.Now Tom had been in the garden for half an hour. Suddenly a crack（4） was heard and the little boy began crying.“What’s the matter,Tom?"his mother looked through the kitchen（5） window. Tom ran into the kitchen.“Mum," he sobbed（6）. "I broke Bobby’s plate. I didn’t know it was so fragile（7）."His mother put her arms round him and said, “Don’t feel so sad, Tom. We have other plates for Bobby. But how did you break that one?"“I threw it at a bird but missed, and it went straight to the plate."In Tom’s hand was his father’s gold pocket watch（8）!Notes: （1）be used to 习惯于（2）perch/p：t/n. 停歇（3）fun/fn/n. 爱好（4）crack /crk/n.破碎声（5）kitchen/`kItn/n. 厨房（6）sob/sb/v. 抽泣（7）fragile/`frdaIl/adj. 易碎的（8）gold pocket watch 金怀表1.When did the story happen?A.On a Sunday afternoon.B.On a Sunday morning.C.At noon.D.In the evening.2.When a bird perched on top of the doghouse,Tom.A.would like to play with itB.was very interested in it by throwing a stone at itC.would like to give it something to eatD.would smile3.There were no kids around and he was used to playing alone quietly. Here“kids" means.A.menB.dogsC.childrenD.birds4.How long had Tom been in the garden when his mother heard him cry?A.An hour.B.A day.C.Two hours.D.Half an hour.5.“Though he never made it" means“".A.Though he couldn’t hit a bird with a stone or somethingB.Though he couldn’t catch the birdC.Though he couldn’t have fun from the birdD.Though he couldn’t eat the bird答案：1—5 BBCDA(5) EatingAn important question about eating out is who pays for the meal. If a friend of yours asks you to have lunch with him, you may say something like this,“I’m afraid it’ll have to besomeplace cheap, as I have very little money." The other person may say,“OK, I’ll meet youat McDonald’s."This means that the two agree to go Dutch, that is, each person pays for himself. He may also say,“Oh, no. I want to take you to lunch at Smith’s," or“I want you to try the Chinesedumplings there. They’re great." This means the person wants to pay for both of you. If youfeel friendly towards this person, you can go with him and you needn’t pay for the meal. Youmay just say,“Thank you. That would be very nice."American customs（1） about who pays for dates（2） are much the same as in other parts of the world. In the old days, American women wanted men to pay for all the meals. But, today,a university（3） girl or a woman in business world will usually pay her way during the day.If a man asks her for a dance outside the working hours, it means “Come, as my guest（4）.”So as you can see, it is a polite thing to make the question clear at the verybeginning.Notes:（1）custom/`kstm/n. 风俗（2）date/deIt/n.约会（3）university/、ju：nI`v：sItI/n. 大学（4）guest/gest/n. 客人1.The passage tells us.A.how to eat outB.where to eat outC.what to eat outD.who pays for the meal2.If you have little money,.A.you’ll have a cheap mealB.you’ll borrow some from othersC.you’ll ask your friend to pay for your mealD.you won’t want your friends to ask you to dinner3.“Go Dutch" in this passage means.A.去饭馆B.就餐C.订餐D.各自付款4.Sometimes your friend takes you to lunch. It means.A.he’s going to lend some money to youB.he’s going to pay for your meal, tooC.he’ll be angry with youD.he can’t understand you5.In America,some girls and women now.A.ask men to pay for their mealsB.try to pay for the men’s mealsC.try to pay for their own mealsD.never have anything outside答案：1—5 DADBC阅读理解（6）Most children like watching TV.It’s very interesting.By（1）watching TV they can see and learn a lot and know many things about their country and the world.Of course,they can also learn over the radio.But they can learn better and more easily with TV.Why?Because they can hear and watch at the same time.But they can’t see anything over the radio.TV helps to open children’s helps to open their minds（2）,too.They learn newer and better ways of doing things.They may find the world is now smaller than before.Many children watch TV only on Saturday or Sunday evening.They are always busy with their lessons.But a few children watch TV every night.They go to bed very late.They can’t have a good rest.How about you,my young friends?Notes:（1）by/baI/prep.通过（2）minds/maIndz/n.智力1.A few children go to bed late because they.A.are busy with their lessonsB.do their homeworkC.watch TVD.listen to the radio2.Children can’t see anything.A.in the radioB.on the radioC.on TVD.by watching TV helps to open children’s.A.eyes and mindsB.mindsC.eyes or mindsD.eyes4.children watch TV only on Saturday or Sunday evening.A.A lotB.MuchC. A lot ofD.A little5.Children can study better and more easily with TV because.A.they like to watch TVB.they can hear at the same timeC.they can watch at the same timeD.they can listen to and see something at the same time参考答案：1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D阅读理解（7）John was ten years old and he was very lazy[1].He had to go to school,of course,but he was bored[2]there and tried to do as little work as possible.His father and mother were both doctors and they hoped that he would become one,too,when he grew up.But one day John said to his m other,“When I finish school, I want to become a garbage collector[3].”“A garbage collector?”his mother asked .She was very surprised.“That’s not a pleasant job.Why do you want to become a garbage collector?”“Because then I’d only have to work one day a week,”John answered.“Only one day a week?”his mother said,“What do you mean?”“Well,”John answered,“I know that the ones who come to our house only work on Wednesday,because I only saw them on that day.”Notes:[1]lazy/leIzI/adj.懒的 [2]bored/bd/adj.厌烦 [3]garbage collector 垃圾工1.John at school.A.didn’t do any workB.did much workC.did very little workD.tried to finish his work2.John’s parents wanted him to become.A.a garbage collectorB.a doctorC.a teacherD.a worker3.John hoped to be a garbage collector because.A.he knew it was an important and necessary jobB.he thought he would work only one day a weekC.he often saw some garbage collectors come to his houseD.the garbage collectors really work only one day a week4.John thought that the garbage collectors only work one day a week because.A.it was a ruleB.some garbage collectors told him soC.his parents told him soD.he saw them work only on Wednesday参考答案：1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D阅读理解（8）Bill and Fred studied at a university and they were friends. They didn’t have much money, so when it was time for their holidays, Fred said, “Let’s take our holidays in a trailer[1], Bill.It’s cheaper than a hotel. I can borrow my father’s trailer.”Fred was very happy. So they got into the trailer and began their holidays. They wanted to get up early the next day to go fishing, but they didn’t have an alarm[1] clock.“That’s all right, Bill," Fred said. “I’ll put these pieces of bread on the roof[3] of the trailer tonight and they’ll wake us up in the morning." Bill was very surprised, but he didn’t say anything.Fred was right. As soon as it began to get light, small birds came down to eat the bread, and their noise on the roof of the trailer woke Bill and Fred up very quickly.Notes:[1]trailer/`treIl/ n. 活动房屋式的拖车[2]alarm/`la:m/ n. 警报alarm clock 闹钟[3]roof/ru：f/ n. 顶；房顶1.Bill and Fred were both university s.2.The two young men decided to go t during their summer holidays.3.The two young men tried to s some money,so they borrowed a trailer.4.The two young men wanted to get up, but they were a to wake up too late the nextmorning.5.Fred had a good i.6.Bill didn’t know w his friend put some bread on the top of the trailer.7.The next morning, the birds found the bread and flew to e it.8.In fact, the b woke the two young men up.9.The birds began to look for f as soon as it got light.10.Fred was very c.参考答案：1.students 2.traveling 3.save 4.afraid 5.idea 6.why 7.eat 8.birds 9.food 10.clever阅读理解（9）Some children think writers are great and they can tell people a lot. So they also wish to be writers some day. They mean that they want to write stories or books which many persons will read.I would like to remind[1] them that they will need to be good readers and to read a lot inorder to[2] be good writers.Nearly all great writers read too long before they started to school, and read for hours and hours every day since they became good readers. Instead of watching TV in the evening, they spend much of their spare[3] time reading books.If you are a good reader, it won’t take you long to do the reading homework your teacher asks you to do. Then you will have time to read other books for fun. Because you read so well, you keep looking for more books to read.While making up your mind[4] to become a good writer, you had better say to yourself,“I must read more and more if I am really to become a good writer."Notes:[1]remind/rI`maInd/v. 提醒 [2]in order to 为了 [3]spare /spe/adj. 多余的 [4]make up one’s mind 下决心1.Some of the children like the g writers.2.The writer told the children to read m before they hope to be writers.3.A lot of writers l a lot from other writers' books and stories.4.For a student, he or she should do the reading homework well f.5.Doing much good reading can h you to be a good writer.参考答案：1.great 2.more 3.learned 4.first 5.help阅读理解（10）Australia is one of the greatest islands in the world.It is a little smaller than China.It is in the south of the earth.So when there is hot summer in our country,it is cold winter in Australia.Australia is big,but the population[1] has small.The population of Australia is the same as that of Shanghai,a city in China.Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos[2].After a short drive from any town,you will find yourself in the middle of white sheep,sheep,sheep,everywhere are sheep.Have you seen a kangaroo?It has a “bag” in its body.The mother kangaroo keeps its baby kangaroo in the “bag”.It is very interesting,isn’t it?Notes:[1]population /、ppjuleIn/n.人口 [2]kangaros /、kg`ru:/n.袋鼠根据短文内容判断正(√)、误(×)。