笔译作业

The Four LinesThere had a saying since ancient times, "One word can cause the nation to prosper;one word can cause it to perish.Talk is truely a art.In order to be welcomed by many, how can we talk ? Here are my four suggestions:Firstly, to get rid of one's embarrassment by giving a word.Being helpful is not only at the expense of money, labor and time, but also a word, such as giving a word when someone is in an awkward situation.Secondly,to encourage people who are crushed by giving a word.There is a saying in western society, which goes as "The role which speech plays in our communication is to speak good words". Good words are inspiring and confident when people are in frustraction and in a state of deep depression.Thirdly,to remind someone who is in a puzzling by giving a word.As Hsun tzu once said,"giving a good word is more valuable than gold and jade."If you remind someone sitting on the crossroads or wandering in his life by giving a word in time, his life will be changed or even saved.Fourthly, to support the helpless by giving a word.Their mood state is influenced by a word, for they live in an enviroment of good and evil.Faced with the helpless, we support them by saying good words for the simple purpose that their confidence and self-affirmation will be derived from it.Yuan said, "A nobleman may give little words but true,while small peole give many but untrue".Another saying given by Mencius is that "Simple as the way Good words give,their meaning are far-reaching intentions.So, we should be prudent in speaking so that you will not be treated as a cruel man or even complained of by others.Bank of LifeThere were four twenty-year- old young people, who applied for a bank loan. The bank promised a mint of money for each of them in the condition that they shoud pay off principal and interest in fifty years.The first one wanted to lead a very easy life in the first 25 years, and then tried to work hard for the simple purpose that money he borrowed should be payed off before his death. However, he accomplished nothing, still in debt and died in his seventies. His name was "Laziness".The second one took good advantage of first 25 years to work extremely hard, and payed off all his debts in his fifties. BUt he was tired out and died soon.There placed a small board ahead of his portrait, with his name on it,"enthusiasm".The third one payed off his debt in his seventies and died.Several days later, On his notice of death with his name,"persistence".Last one spent 40 years on his work and payed off all his debts in his sisties. During last 10 years of his life, he toured over most lands as a traveller. In his seventies, he died with a smile in his face. So far his name was still implanted in people's memory,and he was called "clamness'.The bank which provided a loan for them was called "Bank of life".Who do you want to be in this stoy?son's wishA man who went back home late after work and looked tired and bothered spotted his five -year old son waiting for him at the door."Pa, could I ask you a question?""what is it?""Pa, how much money can you earn within an hour?""It's none of your business, why do you ask this question?"the man said angrily."I just want to know how much money you can earn within an hour, please tell me ."the child pleaded."I can earn 20 dollars within an hour, if you want to know.""Oh," the little boy replied, with his head down,went on to say, "Dad, may I borrow 10 dollars ?"The father was furious,"if you just want to ask these nonsense questions to borrow money to buy a silly toy , then you march yourself straight to your room , go to bed and think about why you're so selfish.I work long hours everyday and don't have time for such childish behavior."The little child came back his room quiet and shut the door.Father was still angry after sitting down.After a while, he quieted down,began thinking,'Maybe I was too strict on my child just now,and maybe he really want to buy something useful,and usually he seldom asks for money.'Father went in his child's room and asked,'are you asleep, my son?'"not yet, I am still awake,Papa."replied son."Maybe I was too hard on you earlier,"the man continues,"I have had the outbreak of today's gas out. This is your 10 dallars."'Thanks, Pa.'The little child merrily took some changes from under the pillow,and counted one by one."Y ou do have money now, why do you ask for more? the man questioned angrily. "Because I didn't have enough, but now I do," the little boy replied."Pa,I have 20 dollars now, can I buy an hour of your time? please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you".The Legend of Laba FestivalFirst legend:Laba festival falls on the eighth day of the twelfth month in lunar calendar , originated in Yuanmomingchu.It is said that Zhu who suffered behind bars at a time when the deep winter cold days scratched up seven or eight cereals from the mousehole,including Red Beans,rice and dates . After he made these into porridge, he named it after the eighth day of the twelfth month in lunar calendar.Afterwards, Zhu officially named it as Laba porridge after he unified china in the memory of one time when he suffered in the prison.The second legend:When Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the Great Wall be built,labourers who were commanded to work from far apart were not able to come back home much of the year, and their eating grains were sended by their families.Aparted by mountains and rivers, some of them ,cannot receive their food from home, which resulted in many heads' starvation to death .on the eighth day of the twelfth month in lunar calendar of a year,labourers who had nothing to eat gathered some cereals and made the porridge in a pan.Although labourers each had a bowl, they still died at the foot of the great Wall. That time of each year, people drink Laba porridge in the name of those labourers who starved to death on the construction site of The Great Wall.The third legend: Laba festival derives its name from a custom of "Chidoudagui"Legend has it that three sons of Zhuanxu, one of the Five Emperors, died and became hungry ghosts,coming out to threaten children.In ancient times, people were so superstitious that they believed in ghosts'haunting in people which caused children 'stroke and adults' sickness.These hungry ghosts were fools for danger,but afraid of adsuki bean .So,that time of each year, people boiled porridge with ormosia and adsuki bean, believing that it will help the banishment of ghosts. The fourth legend: The birth of Laba festival is out of the memory of Yuefei, a loyal official in china.Yue leaded his troops against Jin at a town named Zhuxian in a severe winter.They suffered hunger, cold because of lack of food and clothes.Odinary people continously sent porridge to Yuejia army.Soldiers drank the porridge sent by people called "Qianjia porridge",and frustrated the enemies. It was actually the eighth day ofthe twelve lunar month .After Yue's death, people boiled porridge with minor cereals ,beans and fruit at this time of the year, in the memory of this history figure.Reflection on excessive excavation of tumulusWhere is the tomb of Liu, is it in Pengshan or in Temple of Marquis? Pengshaners begin issuing a collection of material related to emperor‟ tombs, including documents and histotical relics after villagers from a place named Herd Horse and Lotus, in Pengshan county of Meishan city jointly write a letter to the State Cultural Relics Bureau and at the same time the province Cultural Relics Bureau surveys the relic.The places where Liu and Sun are buried, espeacially ones that have some bearing on figures in Three Kingdoms after Cao‟s tomb is unearthed.Pengshaners ask our society for a help, looking for evidence which prove where Liu is buried, for the simple reason that they want to take good advantage of this mass enthusiasm to develop their local tourism industry.We can find that villagers are molilized so that everything they possessed in cupboard are tossed out and turned over and over in order to seek cultural relics,which they think can prove Liu must be buried in locality. Villagers who joins in this project are just like archaeologists.Following the excavation of Cao, people begin shifting their attentions to Liu and Sun.The discovery of ancient Tombs is as quickly spreaded as HINI, and places which have something to do with Three Kingdoms start coming into people‟s sight.It is a kind of cultural activity similar to the fact that in recent years places china wide scramble for great people‟s exclusive right.Meanwhile it is also prompted by developing ecnomy,which is early descriped by someone as “the leading role in a play”.Provided this kind of cultural activity is largely influenced by ecnomy, culture will be deteriorated soon.Following it , many fake relics and imitated buildings nowdays spring up.We may assume that it is similar to the excessive excavation, and academy of archaeological digs should be impaired and even the another beginning of forging ,if it is combined with political projects.We should protect tumulus with the greatest of respect rather than excavate. I (v)never seen a place around the world that makes riches by digging up ancestors' graves. We should self- reflect on these abnormal phenomenon aroused by excavation of tumulus.。