信号与系统 奥本海姆 第二章答案
信号与系统 奥本海姆 中文答案 chapter 2
Chapter 22.1解：(a) 1[][][][0][][1][1][3][3]y n x n h n x h n x h n x h n =*=+-+-2[1]4[]2[1]2[2]2[4]n n n n n δδδδδ=+++-+---(图略)(b) 21[][2][][2]y n x n h n y n =+*=+2[3]4[2]2[1]2[]2[2]n n n n n δδδδδ=++++++--(图略)(c) 32[][][2][]y n x n h n y n =*+=(图略)2.5解：9[][][]k y n x k h n k ==-∑，由[4]5y =可知：4N ≥由[14]0y =可知：9114N ++≤，即：4N ≤ 所以：4N =2.11解：(a) 3t ≤时，()0y t =35t <≤时，3()(3)()(3)()ty t u t h t u h t d τττ=-*=--⎰3(3)3()313t tt e ed ττ-----==⎰5t >时，[]()63(5)53()31()(3)(5)()3t t e e y t t u t u h t e d ττ------=---*==⎰因此：()3(3)63(5)0,31(),3531,53t t t e y t t e e t -----⎧⎪≤⎪⎪-=<≤⎨⎪⎪-⎪>⎩（b ）()(3)(5)dx t t t dtδδ=--- 3(3)3(5)()()()(3)(5)(3)(5)t t dx t g t h t h t h t e u t e u t dt----∴=*=---=---(c) ()()dy t g t dt=2.13解：(a) 将1[][]5n h n u n ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭代入式子得：111[][1][]55n n u n A u n n δ-⎛⎫⎛⎫--= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭即：()1[]5[1][]5nu n Au n n δ⎛⎫--= ⎪⎝⎭从而可得：51A =，即：15A = (b)由(a)可知：1[][1][]5h n h n n δ--= 则1S 的逆系统2S 的单位脉冲响应为：11[][][1]5h n n n δδ=--2.16解：(a)对。
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《信号与系统》奥本海姆第二章
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奥本海姆《信号与系统》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(上册)(线性时不变系统)【圣才出品】
第2章线性时不变系统2.1 复习笔记一、离散时间线性时不变系统：卷积和1．用脉冲表示离散时间信号把任意一个序列表示成一串移位的单位脉冲序列δ[n－k]的线性组合，而这个线性组合式中的权因子就是x[k]。
2．线性系统的卷积和（1）输入x[n]表示为一组移位单位脉冲的线性组合。
（2）h k[n]为该线性系统对移位单位脉冲δ[n－k]的响应。
（3）线性系统对输入x[n]的响应y[n]就是系统对这些单个移位脉冲响应的加权线性组合，即3．线性时不变系统的卷积和或叠加和用符号记为意义：既然一个线性时不变系统对任意输入的响应可以用系统对单位脉冲的响应来表示，那么线性时不变系统的单位脉冲响应就完全刻画了系统的特征。
4．用图解的方法来计算卷积和（1）对某一n值，比如n＝n0，已求得y[n]画出了信号h[n0－k]，将它与x[k]相乘，并对所有的k值将乘积相加。
（2）求下一个n值，即n＝n0＋1时的y[n]画出信号h[(n0＋1)－k]，即将信号h[n0－k]右移一点即可；（3）对于接下来的每一个n值，继续上面的过程把h[n－k]一点一点地向右移，再与x[k]相乘，并对所有的k将全部乘积相加。
二、连续时间线性时不变系统：卷积积分1．用冲激表示持续时间信号任意信号x(t)可表示成了一个加权的移位冲激函数的和上式为连续时间冲激函数的筛选性质。
2．连续时间线性时不变系统的单位冲激响应及卷积积分表示（1）单位冲激响应h(t)也就是h(t)是系统对δ(t)的响应。
（2）卷积积分或叠加积分意义：一个连续时间线性时不变系统的特性可以用它的单位冲激响应来刻画。
两个信号x(t)和h(t)的卷积标记为3．求解连续时间信号的卷积的步骤（1）在任意时刻t的输出y(t)是输入的加权积分，对x（τ）其权是h（t－τ）。
（2）为了求出对某一给定t时的这个积分值，首先需要得到h（t－τ）。
（3）h（t－τ）是τ的函数，t为某一固定值，利用h（τ）的反转再加上平移（t＞0时就向右移t；t＜0时就向左移|t|），就可以求得h（t－τ）。
信号与系统奥本海姆习题答案
Chapter 1 Answers1.6 (a).NoBecause when t<0, )(1t x =0.(b).NoBecause only if n=0, ][2n x has valuable.(c).Yes Because ∑∞-∞=--+--+=+k k m n k m n m n x ]}414[]44[{]4[δδ ∑∞-∞=------=k m k n m k n )]}(41[)](4[{δδ ∑∞-∞=----=k k n k n ]}41[]4[{δδ N=4.1.9 (a). T=π/5Because 0w =10, T=2π/10=π/5.(b). Not periodic.Because jt t e e t x --=)(2, while t e -is not periodic, )(2t x is not periodic.(c). N=2Because 0w =7π, N=(2π/0w )*m, and m=7.(d). N=10Because n j j e e n x )5/3(10/343)(ππ=, that is 0w =3π/5, N=(2π/0w )*m, and m=3.(e). Not periodic. Because 0w =3/5, N=(2π/0w )*m=10πm/3 , it ’s not a rational number.1.14 A1=3, t1=0, A2=-3, t2=1 or -1dtt dx )( isSolution: x(t) isBecause ∑∞-∞=-=k k t t g )2()(δ, dt t dx )(=3g(t)-3g(t-1) or dtt dx )(=3g(t)-3g(t+1) 1.15. (a). y[n]=2x[n-2]+5x[n-3]+2x[n-4]Solution:]3[21]2[][222-+-=n x n x n y ]3[21]2[11-+-=n y n y ]}4[4]3[2{21]}3[4]2[2{1111-+-+-+-=n x n x n x n x ]4[2]3[5]2[2111-+-+-=n x n x n xThen, ]4[2]3[5]2[2][-+-+-=n x n x n x n y(b).No. For it ’s linearity.the relationship between ][1n y and ][2n x is the same in-out relationship with (a). you can have a try.1.16. (a). No.For example, when n=0, y[0]=x[0]x[-2]. So the system is memory. (b). y[n]=0.When the input is ][n A δ,then, ]2[][][2-=n n A n y δδ, so y[n]=0. (c). No.For example, when x[n]=0, y[n]=0; when x[n]=][n A δ, y[n]=0. So the system is not invertible.1.17. (a). No.For example, )0()(x y =-π. So it ’s not causal.(b). Yes.Because : ))(sin()(11t x t y = , ))(sin()(22t x t y =))(sin())(sin()()(2121t bx t ax t by t ay +=+1.21. Solution:We have known:(a).(b).(c).(d).1.22. Solution:We have known:(a).(b).(e).(g)1.23. Solution:For )]()([21)}({t x t x t x E v -+= )]()([21)}({t x t x t x O d --= then,(a).(b).(c).1.24.For: ])[][(21]}[{n x n x n x E v -+= ])[][(21]}[{n x n x n x O d --=then,(a).(b).1.25. (a). Periodic. T=π/2.Solution: T=2π/4=π/2.(b). Periodic. T=2.Solution: T=2π/π=2.(d). Periodic. T=0.5. Solution: )}()4{cos()(t u t E t x v π=)}())(4cos()()4{cos(21t u t t u t --+=ππ )}()(){4cos(21t u t u t -+=π )4cos(21t π= So, T=2π/4π=0.51.26. (a). Periodic. N=7Solution: N=m *7/62ππ=7, m=3.(b). Aperriodic.Solution: N=ππm m 16*8/12=, it ’s not rational number.(e). Periodic. N=16 Solution as follow:)62cos(2)8sin()4cos(2][ππππ+-+=n n n n x in this equation,)4cos(2n π, it ’s period is N=2π*m/(π/4)=8, m=1.)8sin(n π, it ’s period is N=2π*m/(π/8)=16, m=1.)62cos(2ππ+-n , it ’s period is N=2π*m/(π/2)=4, m=1. So, the fundamental period of ][n x is N=(8,16,4)=16.1.31. SolutionBecause )()1()(),2()()(113112t x t x t x t x t x t x ++=--=. According to LTI property ,)()1()(),2()()(113112t y t y t y t y t y t y ++=--=Extra problems:Sketch ⎰∞-=t dt t x t y )()(. 1. SupposeSolution:2. SupposeSketch:(1). )]1(2)1()3()[(--+++t t t t g δδδ(2). ∑∞-∞=-k k t t g )2()(δ(2).Chapter 22.1 Solution:Because x[n]=(1 2 0 –1)0, h[n]=(2 0 2)1-, then(a).So, ]4[2]2[2]1[2][4]1[2][1---+-+++=n n n n n n y δδδδδ (b). according to the property of convolutioin:]2[][12+=n y n y(c). ]2[][13+=n y n y][*][][n h n x n y =][][k n h k x k -=∑∞-∞= ∑∞-∞=-+--=k k k n u k u ]2[]2[)21(2 ][211)21()21(][)21(12)2(0222n u n u n n k k --==+-++=-∑ ][])21(1[21n u n +-= the figure of the y[n] is:2.5 Solution:We have known: ⎩⎨⎧≤≤=elsewhere n n x ....090....1][，，, ⎩⎨⎧≤≤=elsewhere N n n h ....00....1][，，,(9≤N ) Then, ]10[][][--=n u n u n x , ]1[][][---=N n u n u n h∑∞-∞=-==k k n u k h n h n x n y ][][][*][][ ∑∞-∞=-------=k k n u k n u N k u k u ])10[][])(1[][(So, y[4] ∑∞-∞=-------=k k u k u N k u k u ])6[]4[])(1[][( ⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧≥≤=∑∑==4,...14, (140)0N N k Nk =5, then 4≥N And y[14] ∑∞-∞=------=k k u k u N k u k u ])4[]14[])(1[][(⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧≥≤=∑∑==14,...114, (1145)5N N k Nk =0, then 5<N ∴4=N2.7 Solution:[][][2]k y n x k g n k ∞=-∞=-∑（a ）[][1]x n n δ=-,[][][2][1][2][2]k k y n x k g n k k g n k g n δ∞∞=-∞=-∞=-=--=-∑∑(b) [][2]x n n δ=-,[][][2][2][2][4]k k y n x k g n k k g n k g n δ∞∞=-∞=-∞=-=--=-∑∑ (c) S is not LTI system..(d) [][]x n u n =,0[][][2][][2][2]k k k y n x k g n k u k g n k g n k ∞∞∞=-∞=-∞==-=-=-∑∑∑2.8 Solution: )]1(2)2([*)()(*)()(+++==t t t x t h t x t y δδ )1(2)2(+++=t x t xThen,That is, ⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧≤<-≤<-+-=-<<-+=others t t t t t t t t y ,........010,....2201,.....41..,.........412,.....3)(2.10 Solution:(a). We know:Then,)()()(αδδ--='t t t h)]()([*)()(*)()(αδδ--='='t t t x t h t x t y )()(α--=t x t xthat is,So, ⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧+≤≤-+≤≤≤≤=others t t t t t t y ,.....011,.....11,....0,.....)(ααααα(b). From the figure of )(t y ', only if 1=α, )(t y ' would contain merely therediscontinuities.2.11 Solution:(a). )(*)]5()3([)(*)()(3t u et u t u t h t x t y t----==⎰⎰∞∞---∞∞--------=ττττττττd t u e u d t u eu t t )()5()()3()(3)(3⎰⎰-------=tt t t d e t u d et u 5)(33)(3)5()3(ττττ⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧≥+-=-<≤-=<=---------⎰⎰⎰5,.......353,.....313.........,.........0315395)(33)(3393)(3t e e d e d e t e d e t tt t t t t t t t ττττττ(b). )(*)]5()3([)(*)/)(()(3t u e t t t h dt t dx t g t ----==δδ)5()3()5(3)3(3---=----t u e t u e t t(c). It ’s obvious that dt t dy t g /)()(=.2.12 Solution∑∑∞-∞=-∞-∞=--=-=k tk tk t t u ek t t u e t y )]3(*)([)3(*)()(δδ∑∞-∞=---=k k t k t u e)3()3(Considering for 30<≤t ,we can obtain33311])3([)(---∞=-∞-∞=--==-=∑∑ee e ek t u e e t y tk k tk kt. (Because k must be negetive ,1)3(=-k t u for 30<≤t ).2.19 Solution:(a). We have known:][]1[21][n x n w n w +-=(1) ][]1[][n w n y n y βα+-=(2)from (1), 21)(1-=E EE Hfrom (2), αβ-=E EE H )(2then, 212212)21(1)21)(()()()(--++-=--==E E E E E E H E H E H ααβαβ∴][]2[2]1[)21(][n x n y n y n y βαα=-+-+-but, ][]1[43]2[81][n x n y n y n y +-+--=∴⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=+=143)21(:....812βααor ∴⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧==141βα(b). from (a), we know )21)(41()()()(221--==E E E E H E H E H21241-+--=E EE E ∴][)41()21(2][n u n h n n ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-=2.20 (a). 1⎰⎰∞∞-∞∞-===1)0cos()cos()()cos()(0dt t t dt t t u δ(b). 0dt t t )3()2sin(5+⎰δπ has value only on 3-=t , but ]5,0[3∉-∴dt t t )3()2sin(5+⎰δπ=0(c). 0⎰⎰---=-641551)2cos()()2cos()1(dt t t u d u πτπττ⎰-'-=64)2cos()(dt t t πδ0|)2(s co ='=t t π 0|)2sin(20=-==t t ππ∑∞-∞=-==k t h kT t t h t x t y )(*)()(*)()(δ∑∞-∞=-=k kT t h )(∴2.27Solution()y A y t dt ∞-∞=⎰,()xA x t dt ∞-∞=⎰,()hA h t dt ∞-∞=⎰.()()*()()()y t x t h t x x t d τττ∞-∞==-⎰()()()()()()()()()(){()}y x hA y t dt x x t d dtx x t dtd x x t dtd x x d d x d x d A A ττττττττττξξτττξξ∞∞∞-∞-∞-∞∞∞∞∞-∞-∞-∞-∞∞∞∞∞-∞-∞-∞-∞==-=-=-===⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰(a) ()()(2)tt y t e x d τττ---∞=-⎰,Let ()()x t t δ=,then ()()y t h t =. So , 2()(2)(2)()(2)()(2)t t t t t h t ed e d e u t τξδττδξξ---------∞-∞=-==-⎰⎰(b) (2)()()*()[(1)(2)]*(2)t y t x t h t u t u t e u t --==+---(2)(2)(1)(2)(2)(2)t t u eu t d u e u t d ττττττττ∞∞-------∞-∞=+------⎰⎰22(2)(2)12(1)(4)t t t t u t e d u t e d ττττ---------=---⎰⎰(2)2(2)212(1)[]|(4)[]|t t t t u t e e u t ee ττ-------=--- (1)(4)[1](1)[1](4)t t e u t e u t ----=-----2.46 SolutionBecause)]1([2)1(]2[)(33-+-=--t u dtde t u e dt d t x dt d t t )1(2)(3)1(2)(333-+-=-+-=--t e t x t e t x t δδ.From LTI property ,we know)1(2)(3)(3-+-→-t h e t y t x dtdwhere )(t h is the impulse response of the system. So ,following equation can be derived.)()1(223t u e t h e t --=-Finally, )1(21)()1(23+=+-t u e e t h t 2.47 SoliutionAccording to the property of the linear time-invariant system: (a). )(2)(*)(2)(*)()(000t y t h t x t h t x t y ===(b). )(*)]2()([)(*)()(00t h t x t x t h t x t y --==)(*)2()(*)(0000t h t x t h t x --=012y(t)t4)2()(00--=t y t y(c). )1()1(*)(*)2()1(*)2()(*)()(00000-=+-=+-==t y t t h t x t h t x t h t x t y δ(d). The condition is not enough.(e). )(*)()(*)()(00t h t x t h t x t y --==τττd t h x )()(00+--=⎰∞∞-)()()(000t y dm m t h m x -=--=⎰∞∞-(f). )()]([)](*)([)(*)()(*)()(000000t y t y t h t x t h t x t h t x t y "=''='--'=-'-'==Extra problems:1. Solute h(t), h[n](1). )()(6)(5)(22t x t y t y dt dt y dtd =++ (2). ]1[][2]1[2]2[+=++++n x n y n y n y Solution:(1). Because 3121)3)(2(1651)(2+-++=++=++=P P P P P P P Hso )()()()3121()(32t u e e t P P t h t t ---=+-++=δ (2). Because )1)(1(1)1(22)(22i E i E EE E E E E E H -+++=++=++=iE Eii E E i -+-+++=1212 so []][)1()1(2][1212][n u i i i k i E E i i E E i n h n n +----=⎪⎪⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-+-+++=δChapter 33.1 Solution:Fundamental period 8T =.02/8/4ωππ==00000000033113333()224434cos()8sin()44j kt j t j t j t j tk k j t j t j t j tx t a e a e a e a e a e e e je je t t ωωωωωωωωωππ∞----=-∞--==+++=++-=-∑3.2 Solution:for, 10=a , 4/2πj ea --= , 4/2πj ea = , 3/42πj ea --=, 3/42πj ea =n N jk k N k e a n x )/2(][π∑>=<=n j n j n j n j e a e a e a e a a )5/8(4)5/8(4)5/4(2)5/4(20ππππ----++++=n j j n j j n j j n j j e e e e e e e e )5/8(3/)5/8(3/)5/4(4/)5/4(4/221ππππππππ----++++= )358cos(4)454cos(21ππππ++++=n n)6558sin(4)4354sin(21ππππ++++=n n3.3 Solution: for the period of )32cos(t πis 3=T , the period of )35sin(t πis 6=Tso the period of )(t x is 6 , i.e. 3/6/20ππ==w)35sin(4)32cos(2)(t t t x ππ++= )5sin(4)2cos(21200t w t w ++=)(2)(21200005522t w j t w j t w j t w j e e j e e ----++=then, 20=a , 2122==-a a , j a 25=-, j a 25-=3.5 Solution:(1). Because )1()1()(112-+-=t x t x t x , then )(2t x has the same period as )(1t x ,that is 21T T T ==, 12w w =(2). 212111()((1)(1))jkw t jkw tk T T b x t e dt x t x t e dt T--==-+-⎰⎰111111(1)(1)jkw tjkw t T Tx t e dt x t e dt T T --=-+-⎰⎰ 111)(jkw k k jkw k jkw k e a a e a e a -----+=+=3.8 Solution:kt jw k k e a t x 0)(∑∞-∞==while:)(t x is real and odd, then 00=a , k k a a --=2=T , then ππ==2/20wand0=k a for 1>kso kt jw k k e a t x 0)(∑∞-∞==t jw t jw e a e a a 00110++=--)sin(2)(11t a e e a t j t j πππ=-=-for12)(2121212120220==++=-⎰a a a a dt t x∴2/21±=a ∴)sin(2)(t t x π±=3.13 Solution:Fundamental period 8T =.02/8/4ωππ==kt jw k k e a t x 0)(∑∞-∞==∴t jkw k k e jkw H a t y 0)()(0∑∞-∞==0004, 0sin(4)()0, 0k k H jk k k ωωω=⎧==⎨≠⎩ ∴000()()4jkw t k k y t a H jkw e a ∞=-∞==∑Because 48004111()1(1)088T a x t dt dt dt T ==+-=⎰⎰⎰So ()0y t =.kt jw k k e a t x 0)(∑∞-∞==∴t jkw k k e jkw H a t y 0)()(0∑∞-∞== ∴dt e jkw H t y Ta t jkw Tk 0)()(10-⎰=for⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>≤=100, (0100),.......1)(w w jw H ∴if 0=k a , it needs 1000>kwthat is 12100,........1006/2>>k kππand k is integer, so 8>K3.22 Solution:021)(1110===⎰⎰-tdt dt t x Ta Tdt te dt te dt e t x T a t jk t jk t jkw T k ππ-----⎰⎰⎰===1122112121)(10t jk tde jk ππ--⎰-=1121⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡---=----111121ππππjk e te jk t jk tjk ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡---+-=--ππππππjk e e e e jk jk jk jk jk )()(21⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-+-=ππππjk k k jk )sin(2)cos(221[]πππππk jk k j k jk k)1()cos()cos(221-==-=0............≠k404402()()1184416tj tj t t j tt j t H j h t edt ee dte edt e e dtj j ωωωωωωωω∞∞----∞-∞∞----∞===+=+=-++⎰⎰⎰⎰A periodic continous-signal has Fourier Series:. 0()j kt k k x t a e ω∞=-∞=∑T is the fundamental period of ()x t .02/T ωπ=The output of LTI system with inputed ()x t is 00()()jk t k k y t a H jk e ωω∞=-∞=∑Its coefficients of Fourier Series: 0()k k b a H jk ω= (a)()()n x t t n δ∞=-∞=-∑.T=1, 02ωπ=11k a T==. 01/221/21()()1jkw t jk tk T a x t e dt t e dt Tπδ---===⎰⎰ （Note ：If ()()n x t t nT δ∞=-∞=-∑,1k a T=） So 2282(2)16(2)4()k k b a H jk k k πππ===++ (b)()(1)()n n x t t n δ∞=-∞=--∑ .T=2, 0ωπ=,11k a T== 01/23/21/21/2111()()(1)(1)221[1(1)]2jkw t jk tjk t k T k a x t e dt t e dt t e dtT ππδδ----==+--=--⎰⎰⎰So 24[1(1)]()16()k k k b a H jk k ππ--==+, (c) T=1,02ωπ=01/421/4sin()12()jk t jk tk T k a x t e dt e dt Tk ωπππ---===⎰⎰28sin()2()[16(2)]k k k b a H jk k k ππππ==+ 3.35 Solution: T= /7π,02/14T ωπ==.kt jw k k e a t x 0)(∑∞-∞==∴t jkw k k e jkw H a t y 0)()(0∑∞-∞==∴0()k k b a H jkw =for⎩⎨⎧≥=otherwise w jw H ,.......0250,.......1)(,01,. (17)()0,.......k H jkw otherwise ⎧≥⎪=⎨⎪⎩that is 0250250, (14)k k ω<<, and k is integer, so 18....17k or k <≤. Let ()()y t x t =,k k b a =, it needs 0=k a ,for 18....17k or k <≤.3.37 Solution:11()[]()212()21312411511cos 224nj j nj n n n n j nn j nn n j j j H e h n ee ee e e e ωωωωωωωωω∞∞--=-∞=-∞-∞--=-∞=-===+=+=---∑∑∑∑A periodic sequence has Fourier Series:2()[]jk n Nk k N x n a eπ=<>=∑.N is the fundamental period of []x n .The output of LTI system with inputed []x n is 22()[]()jk jk n NNk k N y n a H eeππ=<>=∑.Its coefficients of Fourier Series: 2()jk Nk k b a H eπ=(a)[][4]k x n n k δ∞=-∞=-∑.N=4, 14k a =.So 2314()524cos()44j k Nk k b a H e k ππ==-3165cos()42k b k π=-3.40 Solution: According to the property of fourier series: (a). )2cos(2)cos(20000000t Tka t kw a e a ea a k k t jkw k t jkw k k π==+='- (b). Because 2)()()}({t x t x t x E v -+=}{2k v k k k a E a a a =+='-(c). Because 2)(*)()}({t x t x t x R e +=2*kk k a a a -+='(d). k k k a Tjka jkw a 220)2()(π=='(e). first, the period of )13(-t x is 3T T ='then 3)(1)13(131213120dme m x T dt e t x T a m T jk T t T jk T k +'--'-'-'⎰⎰'=-'='ππTjkk m T jk T T jk T jk m T jk T ea dm e m x T e dm e e m x T πππππ221122211)(1)(1---------=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡==⎰⎰3.43 (a) Proof:（i ）Because ()x t is odd harmonic ,(2/)()jk T t k k x t a e π∞=-∞=∑,where 0k a = for everynon-zero even k.(2/)()2(2/)(2/)()2T jk T t k k jk jk T tk k jk T tk k T x t a ea e e a e ππππ∞+=-∞∞=-∞∞=-∞+===-∑∑∑It is noticed that k is odd integers or k=0.That means()()2Tx t x t =-+（ii ）Because of ()()2Tx t x t =-+,we get the coefficients of Fourier Series222/200/222(/2)/2/20022/2/200111()()()11()(/2)11()()(1)jk t jk t jk t T T T T T T k T jk t jk t T T T T Tjk t jk t T T k TT a x t e dt x t e dt x t e dtT T T x t e dt x t T e dt T T x t e dt x t e dt T T πππππππ-----+--==+=++=--⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰ 2/21[1(1)]()jk t T kT x t e dt T π-=--⎰It is obvious that 0k a = for every non-zero even k. So ()x t is odd harmonic ,(b)Extra problems:∑∞-∞=-=k kT t t x )()(δ, π=T(1). Consider )(t y , when )(jw H ist(2). Consider )(t y , when )(jw H isSolution:∑∞-∞=-=k kT t t x )()(δ↔π11=T , 220==Tw π(1).kt j k k tjkw k k e k j H a ejkw H a t y 20)2(1)()(0∑∑∞-∞=∞-∞===ππ2=(for k can only has value 0)(2).kt j k k tjkw k k e k j H a e jkw H a t y 20)2(1)()(0∑∑∞-∞=∞-∞===πππte e t j t j 2cos 2)(122=+=- (for k can only has value –1 and 1)。
信号与系统课后习题与解答第二章
2-1 对图2-1所示电路分别列写求电压)(0t v 的微分方程表示。
2(t ei )(t +-(e )(e )(t +-图2-1解 （a ）对于图2-1（a ）所示电路列写网孔电流方程，得[]⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-=+-=-++⎰⎰⎰∞-∞-∞-t t t t v i d i i t e d i d i dt t di i )()()()()()()()(202122111ττττττττ 又 dtt di t v )(2)(20= 消元可得如下微分方程：)(3)(5)(5)(200022033t v t v dt dt v dtd t v dt d +++=2)(te dt d（b ）对于图2-1（b ）所示的双耦合电路，列写电路微分方程，得⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧=-=+++=+++⎰⎰∞-∞-)()(0)()()()(1)()()()()(10221221211t v t Ri t Ri dt t di M dt t di L d i Ct e t Ri dtt di M dt t di L d i C ttττττ 消元可得如下微分方程：)()(1)(2)(2)(2)()(22020022203304422t e dtd MR t v C t v dt d C R t v dtd R R L t v dtd RL t v dt d M L =++⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+++- （c ）对于图2-1（c ）所示电路列写电路方程，得⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+++=⎰∞-)()()(1)()()()(10101011t v t v dt d C dt t v L R t v R t v t v dt d C t i t μ 消元可得如下微分方程：)()(1)(1)()(101011022110331t i dt dR t v RL t v dt d R R L C t v dt d R C R C t v dt d CC μ=+⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛++⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛++ （d ）对图2-1（d ）所示电路列写电路方程，电流)(t i 如图2-2所示，得⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧==+=++⎰∞-)()()()()()()()(1)(1011t v t v t e t v t Ri t e t v d i C t Ri t μμττ 消元可得如下微分方程：(t e )(t +-图2-2)()(1)()1(00t e Rt v R t v dt d Cμμ=+-2-2 图2-3所示为理想火箭推动器模型。
信号与系统课后答案 第2章 习题解
第2章 习 题2-1 求下列齐次微分方程在给定起始状态条件下的零输入响应（1）0)(2)(3)(22=++t y t y dt d t y dt d ；给定：2)0(,3)0(==--y dt dy ； （2）0)(4)(22=+t y t y dt d ；给定：1)0(,1)0(==--y dtd y ；（3）0)(2)(2)(22=++t y t y dt d t y dt d ；给定：2)0(,1)0(==--y dt dy ； （4）0)()(2)(22=++t y t y dt d t y dt d ；给定：2)0(,1)0(==--y dtdy ； （5）0)()(2)(2233=++t y dt d t y dt d t y dt d ；给定：2)0(,1)0(,1)0(22===---y dt d y dt d y 。
（6）0)(4)(22=+t y dt d t y dt d ；给定：2)0(,1)0(==--y dtdy 。
解：（1）微分方程的特征方程为：2320λλ++=，解得特征根：121, 2.λλ=-=- 因此该方程的齐次解为：2()t th y t Ae Be --=+.由(0)3,(0)2dy y dt--==得:3,2 2.A B A B +=--=解得:8, 5.A B ==- 所以此齐次方程的零输入响应为:2()85tty t e e--=-.（2）微分方程的特征方程为：240λ+=，解得特征根：1,22i λ=±.因此该方程的齐次解为：()cos(2)sin(2)h y t A t B t =+.由(0)1,(0)1d y y dx --==得:1A =,21B =,解得:11,2A B ==. 所以此齐次方程的零输入响应为:1()cos(2)sin(2)2y t t t =+.（3）微分方程的特征方程为：2220λλ++=，解得特征根:1,21i λ=-± 因此该方程的齐次解为：()(cos()sin())th y t e A t B t -=+.由(0)1,(0)2dy y dx--==得:1,2,A B A =-= 解得:1,3A B ==.所以齐次方程的零输入响应为:()(cos()3sin())ty t e t t -=+.（4）微分方程的特征方程为：2210λλ++=，解得二重根:1,21λ=-.因此该方程的齐次解为：()()th y t At B e -=+. 由(0)1,(0)2dy y dx--==得:1,2,B A B =-=解得:3, 1.A B == 所以该方程的零输入响应为:()(31)ty t t e -=+.（5）微分方程的特征方程为：3220λλλ++=，解得特征根: 1,21λ=-,30λ=. 因此该方程的齐次解为：()()th y t A Bt C e -=++.由22(0)1,(0)1,(0)2d d y y y dx dt---===得:1,1,22A C B C C B +=-=-=. 解得:5,3,4A B C ==-=-.所以方程的零输入响应为:()5(34)ty t t e -=-+.（6）微分方程的特征方程为：240λλ+=，解得特征根:120,4λλ==-. 因此该方程的齐次解为：4()th y t A Be -=+.由(0)1,(0)2d y y dx --==得:1,42A B B +=-=.解得:31,22A B ==-. 所以此齐次方程的零输入响应为:431()22ty t e -=-.2-2 已知系统的微分方程和激励信号，求系统的零状态响应。
信号与系统_第二版_奥本海默 _课后答案[1-10章]
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