词汇学

词汇学Assignments（派生法思考题）：1. What are the characteristics of prefixes and suffixes?2. What is affixation? 什么是词缀法？What’s the difference between prefixation and suffixation?3. What are the characteristics of prefixes and suffixes? 前缀和后缀的特点？4. Each of the following sentences contains a word printed in italics. Complete the sentence by using this word to form a noun to refer ro a person.a. If you are employed by a company, you are one of its _____.b. A _____ is someone whose job is politics.c. The _____ in a discussion are the people who participate in it.d. A woman who works as a _____ does the same job as a waiter.e. The person who conducts an orchestraor choir is called _____ .f. Your _____ is the person who teaches you.g. A _____ is someone who earns their living by playing the piano.h. If someone examines you, you are the _____ and he or she is the _____.答案：employee, politician, participator, waitress,conductor, teacher, pianist, examinee, examinerCompounding 复合词1. 以所列单词为第一个成分，根据定义写出复合词。

A. green1. a stretch of land, round a town, where building is not allowed, so that fields, woods, etc. , remain:________2. a shop-keeper who sells vegetables and fruit:_____3. a young, inexperienced person, especially male, who is easily cheated:_________4. a room in a theatre or concert hall where actors, musicians, etc., can rest when not performing:________B. hand1. a small bag for a woman to carry her. money and personal things in:________2. a short book giving all the most important information about a subject: ________3. an apparatus that stops a vehicle, worked by the, driver's hand:____4. a bar of wood or metal fixed beside a place where one walks for, holding onto, especially near stairs; ________C. after1. the care or treatment to someone after a period in hospital, prison, etc. :______2. an effect (usually unpleasant) that follows some time after the cause or after the main effect:______3. a taste that stays in the mouth after the food that caused it is no longer there:_______4. an idea that comes later:_____D. sleeping1. a large thick envelope or bag of warm material for sleeping in when camping:_____2. a railway carriage with beds for passengers:_____3. a pill which helps a person to sleep:_____4. a partner in a business who takes no active part in its opera-tion: _______１E; running1. a person with whom another is running for a pair of political positions of greater or less importance, especially those of President and Vice-President:_____2. handwriting in which the letters are slanted and the words formed without lifting the pen:______.3. a headline repeated on consecutive pages (as of a book): _______4. a footboard especially at the side of an automobile:_______F. wash1. a large fixed basin for water for washing one's hands and face:_______2. a movable board with a wavy surface against which clothes may be rubbed when washing:______ |3. a woman whose job is to wash clothes, often in her own home:_______4. a cloth that is used for washing one's face and body:_____G. sun1. the condition of having sore. skin after experiencing the effects of strong sunlight:______2. a flash of sunlight, especially through a break in clouds: _____3. the time when the sun is seen to disappear as night begins: _____4. strong sunlight, as when there are no clouds:_____H. break1. a sudden failure in operation:_____2. the unlawful cantering of a building, using force:______3. the action of forcing a way through the enemy:______4. a division into smaller parts:_____I. out1. a sudden appearance or beginning of something bad:______2. a public show of anger:_____3. money spent for a purpose:______4. a way through which something (usually a liquid or a gas) may go out: _____答案A. greenbelt greengrocer greenhorn greenroomB. handbag handbook handbrake handrailC. aftercare aftereffect aftertaste afterthoughtD. sleeping bag sleeping car sleeping pill sleeping partnerE. running mate running hand running head running boardF. washbasin washboard washerwoma washclothG. sunburn sunburst sunset sunshineH. breakdown break-in breakthrough breakupI. outbreak outcry outlay outletConversion 转化找出下列句子中由名词转化的动词1. A shy, frightened child stood before a government inspector in a Polish schoolroom. "Name the Czar of Russia," he barked; the girl did so in a voice which she tried to keep steady. ( )2. At once the villagers formed a circle and started moving around me, singing to the accompaniment of a kol-a. ( )3. Agamemnon with the rest of the Greek army sailed away in their ships at night. ( )4. Almost before the Trojans could arm themselves and long before they could make any plans for２defense, the city was lost, high buildings were falling and flames were shooting high into the sky. ( )5. I began to see the light: of course, the snatchers—-always young men, even boys—would expecta large purse stuffed with money and all kinds of valuables. ( )6. A few years ago the landlady locked the front door and installed a bell and buzzer system, which made burglary more difficult though not impossible. ( )7. An upstairs tenant, who happened to be looking out of his window, came running down, questioned the men and demanded their identification. ( )8. The children headed toward school, carrying slates and followed by their dogs. ( )9. Like the trunk of a tree, it rose in the air, branching out as it climbed. ( )10. An hour went by and darkness still shrouded everything. ( )11. They boarded boats and got away, living to tell the tale of their city's destruction. ( )12. The day-to-day effect of dirty air is hard to measure,and most people take it for granted. ( )13. When these gases mix with fog, smog results. ( )14. There are a few success stories in battling air pollution. ( )15. Pollution can be trapped before they pour out of chimneys —and a pollution-free car can be built. ( )16. If nations traded item for item, such as one automobile for . 10,000 bags of coffee, foreign trade would be extremely cumbersome and restrictive. ( )17. She's the one who's sapped your confidence. ( )18. .His place on the seat was taken almost immediately by a young man, fairly well dressed but scarcely more cheerful than the other. ( )19. The young man quickly removed any doubt by pocketing the money. ( )20. But the preparation on which he laid the colours was defective, and they started to flake off even in Leonardo's own lifetime. ( )答案： 1. name 2. form 3. sail4. Arm5. stuff6. lock7. question 8. head 9. branch10. shroud 11. board 12. measure13. result 14. battle 15. trap16. trade 17. sap 18. drpss-^19. pocket 20. flake找出下列句子中由形容词转化的动词1. Calming down, I convinced myself this was something that had to happen once in a lifetime. ( )2. Such was Pompeii on its last day. And so it is to-day, now that the volcanic ash has been cleared away. ( )3. Houses and clothes must be cleaned more frequently. ( )4. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the chemical industry turned out many new products which, says Lucy Kavaler in her book Dangerous Air, "helped raise the standard of living and lower the standard of air.”( )5. Bom in 1879, in LJln, Germany, Einstein was two years old when his parents moved to Munich. There his father opened'a business in electrical supplies. ( )6. The Academy of Science was closed to him; his house was searched for weapons; he lost his professorship; all his property was seized; and finally his German citizenship was taken away. ( )３7. When the oil is heated, the first vapours to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. ( )8. He emptied out all his pockets onto the table. ( )9. Part of the old wall fell on the workman, and it took half an hour to free him. ( )10. The wet clothes will soon dry in the sun. ( )答案：1. calm2. clear3. clean4. lower5. open6. close7. cool 8. empty 9. free10. dry找出下列句子中由动词转化的名词1. Why is this enormous increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and the practice of what is coming to be called Death Control. ( )2. In the nineteenth century one great discovery came to the aid of the surgeon when James Young Simpson experimented with anaesthetics. ( )3. I know my friends from the feel of their faces. ( )4. But I cannot really picture their personalities by touch. ( )5. "Nobody's saying anything," said James, between serves. ( )6. Grandpa gave her one of his slow grins. ( )7. And Fabin gave him an appealing look. ( )8. I will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. ( )9. Rex could hold a baseball with ease in his mouth in one cheek, as if it were a chew of tobacco. ( )10. They insisted that we get rid of Rex, but we were very happy with him, and nobody could have made us give him up. ( )答案：1. increase, spread4. touch7. look10. rid2. aid3. feel5. serve6. grin8. rise 9. chew5. 将下列各组词按褒义- 中性–贬义的顺序排列。