研究生英语读写译教程第11health原文翻译及课后答案
研究生英语读写译第二版1-7课练习参考答案和参考译文
《研究生英语读写译教程》（第二版）练习参考答案及参考译文（注：第二版只有第六单元为全新单元，其余单元只是有些调整。
）各单元练习答案UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH. COMPREHENSION1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)2 Life was tough –he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal…3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer.4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again.6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.7 Do the things we love to do.8 Open.9 Open.10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.)VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 naively2 curiosity3 combination4 let down5 vision6 baton7 creative8 mirror9 trap 10 inventionB1 drowned out2 tuition3 Commencement4 deposit5 typography6 make way for7 animation8 intuition9 destination 10 divergeC1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzlingSPEAKING: Open.TRANSLATIONA1热烈的鼓掌2波涛汹涌的海面3熟睡4烟瘾大的人5油腻而难消化的食物6烈酒7悲痛的消息8沉闷冗长的读物9〈化〉重水10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
研究生英语第11单元health
Uint 11 Sometimes It’s Hard to Be a Woman, or A Man or Human Text-related information1. Tim Lott (born 23 January 1956, Southall, West London) is a British author. After running his own magazine publishing business, he graduated from the London School of Economics in 1986.His first book, the semi-autobiographical The Scent of Dried Roses, was published in 1996 and won the J. R. Ackerley Prize for Autobiography. His next work, White City Blue, was published in 1999 and won that year's Whitbread Award for Best First Novel.He was also shortlisted in the 'Best Novel' category of the 2002 Whitbread Awards for his work, Rumours of a Hurricane. He has since published The Love Secrets of Don Juan, The Seymour T apes and Fearless.The Scent of Dried Roses, a memoir of his family and his own life, remains his most acclaimed work. Beginning with the tragedy of his own mother's suicide, his memoir is a rich account. On the broader scale, he paints nuanced pictures of what it means to be working class, and how the English suburbs developed from the 1950s to the 1980s. More personally, also describes his own life journey, as he began to move beyond his family's roots, then go through depression and emerge at the other side only to face renewed tragedy, when the mother who had been so caring for him with his own mental illness, takes her own life.His latest novel is Fearless, published on June 4 2007. It is a mythic, political, dystopian fable a group of 1,000 girls confined to an institute in a time of terror. Fearless is published in both adult and young adult editions. He has also had a weekly column in the London Evening Standard.2. Allison Pearson (born 1960, Carmarthen) is a British writer. She is best-known for her period as a Daily Mail columnist and for a novel published in 2002, I Don't Know How She Does It.3. The Daily Mail is a British, daily middle market tabloid newspaper. First published in 1896 by Lord Northcliffe, it is the United Kingdom's second biggest-selling daily newspaper after The Sun. The Daily Mail was Britain's first daily newspaper aimed at the newly-literate "lower-middle class market resulting from mass education, combining a low retail price with plenty of competitions, prizes and promotional gimmicks", and the first British paper to sell a million copies a day.4. Stephanie Merritt (born 1974 in Surrey) is a critic and feature writer for various publications including The Times, the Daily Telegraph, the New Statesman, Zembla and Die Welt. She has also been Deputy Literary Editor and a staff writer at The Observer.5. Marian Keyes (born 10 September 1963) is an Irish novelist and non-fiction writer, best known for her work in women's literature.6. Sally Hampton (born July 29, 1958 in St. Louis, Missouri) is anAmerican writer and film producer living in Los Angeles, USA.7. Emma Thompson (born 15 April 1959) is an English actress, comedienne and screenwriter. Her first major film role was in the 1989 romantic comedy The T all Guy. In 1992, Thompson won multiple acting awards, including an Academy and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress, for her strong performance in the British drama Howards End.8. Coronation Street (affectionately nicknamed Corrie) is a British prime-time soap opera set in the fictional town of Weatherfield, four miles in either direction from and a suburb of the city of Manchester, England. Created by Tony Warren, Coronation Street is the longest running and most watched British soap opera.9.Beverley Callard (born March 28, 1957 in Morley, Leeds) is an English actress, best known for her role as Liz McDonald in ITV's Coronation Street, and Floella Henshaw in BBC Three's Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps.10. The Guardian(until 1959, The Manchester Guardian) is a British national daily newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Founded in 1821, it is unique among major British newspapers in being owned by a foundation (the Scott Trust, via the Guardian Media Group). It is known for its left of centre political stance.11. Kira Cochrane is a the Guardian writer.12. Dr. Dorothy Rowe (born December 1930) is an Australianpsychologist and author, whose area of interest is depression. Dr. Rowe currently resides in the United Kingdom.Language Points1. The decision …comes hard on the heels. On the heel of something------very soon after something. This expression means one event followed straight after or very soon after the first one. Example:The decision to by Peter came hard on the heels of the club’s promotion to Sam’s.2. patches of acute mental distress------a bad/difficult/sticky/rough patch means a period of time when you are having a lot of difficulties. Example:Gemma’s going through a bad patch right now.3. Unhappiness bleeds into depression. If something bleeds into another thing, it unfortunately can develop into a bad situation.4. That unsquareable circle alone. The expression “square the circle”is used to mean that achieving two aims which are complete opposites is not possible. If something is unsquareable, it is impossible to have it done. Here the woman has to choose between career and motherhood – the two together is impossible – a circle cannot become a square.5. They want to love their bodies as they are, and yet feel attractive to others. The woman wants to be loved as she is – not having to follow fashion, diets etc. She maybe a little fat, not be especially sexy / beautiful figure etc. Y et she wants to believe she is attractive as she is now.6. And with gender roles more fluid. Gender roles mean things each gender used to. Fluid here is used as a verb and metaphor meaning change/movement is happening. More men do tasks traditionally the women do. e.g. cooking, washing up etc. and women now drive the car etc.7. Then there are historic forms of female disadvantage. If something has historic forms, it means it long exsists and very typical.Word Study1. incidentally adv. 1）introducing a different topic , by the way;e.g. I have to go now. Incidentally, if you want that book, I'llbring it next time.2）in an incidental manner;e.g. In our discussion this question was incidentally broughtup.2．contradiction n. 1）opposition between two conflicting forces or ideas.e.g.There seems to be a contradiction between her words andactions.2）(logic) a statement that is necessarily false.e.g. The boss will not tolerate any contradiction.3. irreconcilable adj. impossible to reconcile.e.g. The partner's differences seem irreconcilable.4. formidable adj. extremely impressive in strength or excellence.e.g. A formidable prospect lies ahead of him.5. imperative 1) adj. requiring attention or action.e.g. It is imperative to act now.2) n. some duty that is essential and urgent.e.g. Job creation has become an imperative for thegovernment.Keys to exercisesText Comprehension:Answer the following questions1.Uncertainty and confusion. (para 6 and 7)2.W omen’s are not as straightforward as men’s. For example, mencan go to work without thinking and feeling guilty for not being with the children. But women want to make their achievement in their jobs, meanwhile, they want to be with the children. There are many other examples from the article. (para 8 to 13)3.Their idea of being a family provider. (para14 and 17)4.They are not appreciative. They think it is the way it should be,and they ignor men’s effort. (para 15 and16)5.No standard answers (para 19 and 22).6. No standard answers.Structural Analysis of the Text:Part one: (para.1 to para.4) poses the questions by introducing the true stories first. Pointing out the causes of women’s unhappiness “not necessarily for the reasons they think they are.”(para4)Part two: (para.5 to para.12) women’s source of unhappinessPart three: (para.13 to para.18) differences between men and women. Part four: (par a.19 to para.22) the writer’s suggestions to solve the problems.Summary WritingWhy are depression rates rising among women? For women, the reasons are much less straightforward, which is one reason why their unhappiness is so much more distressing and difficult to treat. People can cope with a great deal of unhappiness if they are clear about where the unhappiness stems from and what can and can't be done about it. Modern women want to have successful, satisfying careers and be good mothers and good friends and valuable members of the local community. They also want to remain desirable and fashionable. But to put these things into practice is extremely difficult. Men do have it better in some ways, partly because their desires and needs are more straightforward. Most men don’t feel guilty about not seeing their children except in the evening and at the weekend. And most men don't follow fashion. Most significantly of all,men don't worry too much about being "good". So, what is the solution? First, women need to lower their expectations of themselves. Second，rather than putting work, friends and children first, both men and women should put one another first. We should simply strive to be humble and grateful.V ocabulary and Structure:Keys to section A: 1. reconciled 2. imperative 3. contradiction 4. existence 5. inherit 6. formidable 7. sensitive8. confess 9. Incidentally 10. converselyKeys to section B:1. B2.A3. A4.B5. A6. A7. A8.D9.B 10.C Keys to close2. partially3. linked 5. positive 10. increase 9. impact1. management 8. tolerance 7. relieve 4. builds 6. reaction Keys to Further Reading1. C2. C3. A4.D5. BTranslations1．一位加拿大心理学教授已经鉴定出三种完美主义者：自我要求型（要求自己达到完美），要求他人型（要求别人达到完美）和被要求完美主义者（认为别人要求他们达到完美）。
研究生英语读写译教程习题答案
Unit 1Keys to section A: 1. escort 2. obsessively 3. unseemly 4. baffling 5. trudged 6. simultaneously 7. punning 8. prim 9. trivial 10. ambivalenceKeys to section B:1. A. unobtrusive2. C. submissive3. D. grim4. B. misdemeanour5. C. disapprove6. D. prodigious7. C. trivial8. D. pathetic9. A. simultaneous 10. D. harryingKeys to close5. against 7. clash 10. penalty 1.torments 3. expected 9. tough 2.suspension 4. stick6. fit 8. promiseUnit 3II. V ocabulary and StructureA. 1. consensus 2. biodiversity 3. sustainable 4. transition 5. disparities.6. degradation7. stakeholders8. broker.9. ministerial 10. yieldB. 1.B in line with 2.C inception 3. A. unprecedented 4. B. pave the way for 5. B. intensification 6. D. subsistence 7. A embark on 8. B. mobilize 9.A infuse 10.A fully-fledgedIII. Cloze1. finance2. reduce3.improve4. agencies5. sustainable6. regional7. integration8. instruments9. enterprises 10. mobilizeUnit 51. obsolete2. perils3. turbulent4. stupefied5.concoction6. splinter7. nibbled8. erupt9. suffocated 10. infidelityB. Directions: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences.1.C2.D3.A4. B5.A6. B7.C8. C9. B 10. DIII. ClozeDirections: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words in proper forms from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.1. sphere2. realm3. sacrifices4. manifestations5. exquisite6. involved7. exchange8. accomplished9. object 10. misfortuneUnit 6II V ocabulary and StructureA. 1. consumption 2. conflicted 3. assigned 4. sprawling 5. resort6. incentive7. overlooked8. undervalued9. overall 10. identifyB. 1.C 2.D 3.B. 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.DIII Cloze1. dominate2. symbol3. contrast4. populated5. finished6. tie7. connected8. exceeded9. along 10. becauseUnit 11Keys to section A:1. reconciled2. imperative3. paradox4. existence5. inherit6. formidable7. sensitive8. confess9. Incidentally 10. converselyKeys to section B:1. B2.A3. A4.B5. A6. A7. A8.D9.B 10.CIII Cloze1. partially2. linked3. positive4. increase5. impact6. management7. tolerance8. relieve9. builds 10. reactionUnit 13V ocabulary and Structure:1. insinuate2. amplify3. exploit4. detained5. misconstrued6. inherent7. predisposition8. harbor 9, accommodate 10. around the clock 1-10 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A9. C 10. D Cloze:1. declining2.brought on3. raise4. predecessors5. to5. although 7.determinant 8. flood 9. overtaxed 10. moreoverUnit 15II. V ocabulary and Structure:A. 1. formula 2. otherwise 3. recesses 4. cohesion 5. addiction6. nourish7. dispersed8. convert…into9. hitchhike 10. makes… sense.B. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.DIII. Cloze1. dispute2. alternative3. searching for4. ethnic5. lifestyle6. on behalf of7. corruption8.opportunity9. vision 10.look forward toTranslationUnit 11.把下面的英语段落翻译成汉语。
英语笔译实务 3级配套训练 第十一单元 汉译英(一)青少年素食更健康
笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元汉译英（一）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元汉译英（一）青少年素食更健康一组研究人员发现，许多家长担心子女采用素食这种不健康的方式减肥，但这种减肥方式实际上是一种能获得维生素、矿物质，防止多脂肪的垃圾食品的好办法。
研究人员对4500名平均年龄约15的青少年进行了调查，其中有近6%的人说自己是素食者。
研究人员报道说，“与素食者相比，素食少年更可能从脂肪中吸收低于30%的卡路里，从饱和脂肪中少吸收低于10%的卡路里。
此外，他们可能比非素食者多吃2客以上的水果和3客以上的蔬菜，也就是说，他们每天多吃5客以上的水果和蔬菜。
“研究人员还同样发现，无论是否素食者，青少年们每日摄取的钙质并不足够，但素食者能够获得更多的铁质、维生素A和纤维。
课文词汇垃圾食品junk food 素食者vegetarian卡路里calory 饱和脂肪saturated fat1 / 3Unit 11 汉译英（一）青少年素食更健康参考译文Teen Vegetarians Healthier than Meat-eatersWhat many parents believe to be an unhealthy way of keeping off weight (losing weight/slimming), that is, the vegetarian diet, is actually a good way to get vitamins and minerals and avoid fatty junk food, according to the findings of a team of researchers.They studied (investigated / surveyed) more than 4,500 teenagers, with an average age of about 15. Of these nearly 6 percent said they were vegetarians (claimed to be vegetarians).The researchers reported (wrote / said), “Compared with non-vegetarians, vegetarian adolescents were more likely to get (eat / draw / receive) less than 30 percent of their calories from fat and more likely to get less than 10 percent of their calories from saturated fat; they were also more likely to eat (consume) two or more servings of fruit, three or more servings of vegetables; in other words (or) five or more servings of fruits and vegetables daily.The study also found that both the vegetarians and meat-eaters failed to get enough calcium every day, but the vegetarians got significantly more iron, vitamin A and fiber (the calcium level was low in the diets of both vegetarians and meat-eaters, but the vegetarian diet provided2 / 3笔译实务3级配套训练第十一单元汉译英（一）substantially more iron, Vitamin A and fiber).3 / 3。
英语笔译实务 3级配套训练 第十一单元_健康 主题相关英汉词语_汉译英
级配套训练 第十一单元 主题相关英汉词语_汉译英 健 康
launch a nationwide physical fitness campaign; carry out physical fitness programmes involving all our people body-building exercise; fitness exercise body-building and recreational center fitness and entertainment facilities the beauty craze health-care food trace element He is ill. / He has fallen ill. / He has been/was taken ill. He is ill with/suffering from a bad cold. He is down with the flu. He is running a fever/temperature. Are you feeling well / feeling all right? What's your trouble? / What's the matter with you? / What's wrong with you? I feel dizzy / chilly. I have difficulty in breathing. I'm shivering all over. I've got a bad headache / a sore throat / a bad cough. I sneeze a lot and have a running nose. I feel sick. / I feel vomiting. / I want to throw up. Your lips have turned blue. There is blood in my sputum. saliva I have no appetite. / I don't feel like eating anything. The wound was / got inflamed. The inflammation of his lungs is getting worse. I feel a sharp pain / a dull pain in the chest.
unti+10++课文翻译及课后练习答案
U10健康的秘诀1 锻炼身体，饮食适当，不吸烟。
这些是给希望保持健康的人的一些最常见的忠告。
然而越来越多的科学研究表明保持健康还有一个同等重要的方面，即心境平和。
2 试想一下，当你在医生办公室外面等待进去看病时你的心跳有多快，严重的头疼又会使你多么的难受。
身心之间的联系是双向的。
一方受到干扰时，另一方能够感受到。
信息交流网的核心部分是一种叫做神经传递素的大脑化学物质，这种物质不仅在大脑内传递信息，还能在体内传递信息。
免疫系统是主要的感受器，是一个由细胞和器官所组成的、能抵御病毒与细菌进攻的网络。
当你兴奋、恐惧或者放松时，免疫系统会增加或减少抵抗疾病的细胞的生成，从而帮助或阻碍你抵抗疾病，如流感，甚至癌症。
3 迄今为止有关紧张会使免疫系统受到影响，已有大量的文献记载。
例如，在一项涉及新婚夫妇的研究中，在关于婚姻问题的30分钟讨论中，那些有对立举止的人，在该讨论后24小时内比那些举止比较积极的人的免疫功能要差。
破坏免疫功能的不仅仅是紧张。
一名研究人员认为：如果两个不同的人从鼻子吸进同一种感冒病毒，抑郁、焦虑或者是悲观的那个人得感冒的可能性会更大。
4 心情紧张以及与其相关的情感会导致健康状况不佳，这是怎么回事呢？那是因为这些情感会引起一些物质的产生，这些物质会破坏或削弱我们的免疫细胞。
消极的情感还会减少我们体内抵抗疾病的免疫传递素的生成量。
5 假如紧张、忧郁、生气及其他消极情感会使你更容易得病，那么相反的情况是否成立呢？假如你快乐些、不那么紧张，或者更乐观一些，你的免疫力是否就会更强些、健康状况就更好些呢？专家们的看法是肯定的。
有研究表明采用某些减少压力、改进人生观的身心疗法，癌症病人能延长寿命。
但是癌症病人并非惟一受益者。
某些身心疗法能使我们所有人受益。
6 研究发现，那些有慢性疼痛病的人采用了放松疗法和其他行为疗法控制不适后，他们看病的次数减少了36%。
放松是通过有节奏的深呼吸、肌肉松弛、心率减缓，从而使身体更健康。
《研究生英语读写译教程》(第二版)练习参考答案及参考译文
《研究生英语读写译教程》（第二版）练习参考答案及参考译文（注：第二版只有第六单元为全新单元，其余单元只是有些调整。
）各单元练习答案UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH. COMPREHENSION1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)2 Life was tough –he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal…3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer.4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established实用文档dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again.6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.7 Do the things we love to do.8 Open.9 Open.10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.) VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 naively2 curiosity3 combination4 let down5 vision6 baton7 creative8 mirror9 trap 10 inventionB1 drowned out2 tuition3 Commencement4 deposit5 typography6 make way for7 animation8 intuition9 destination 10 diverge实用文档C1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzling SPEAKING: Open.TRANSLATIONA1热烈的鼓掌2波涛汹涌的海面3熟睡4烟瘾大的人5油腻而难消化的食物6烈酒7悲痛的消息8沉闷冗长的读物9〈化〉重水10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
研究生综合英语课文译文及课后练习答案(3)
研究生综合英语课文译文及课后练习答案第一课Text A 自由落体[1] 直到动身的那一天，我才感到告别和真正离家对我所产生的影响，这使我比闹钟预定的时间提前一小时醒来。
那时，我那金色的爱犬米西最后一次用力地舔了我一下表示问候。
以前她那么做时，我厌烦得要命，不过那天，我张开双臂把她搂在怀里，深情地慢慢抚摸着她。
此时，她那悲伤的眼神与我四目相对，她那绸缎般的皮毛摸上去比平常更加柔滑。
当然直到告别那天，我才注意到爱犬的这些特点，这令我更加难舍难离。
[2] 一整天都是这样：我突然感到自己将会怀念许多人和事。
我变得多愁善感起来，因为要与那些我早已习以为常的人说再见——那些常我工作的饭馆里的顾客，那些我好像从来都找不到时间和他们说话的人。
我不得不离开我所有的朋友，还有我总想“某天去认识”的同学。
最重要的是，我将被迫与生我养我的人分别。
[3] 突然间，我那些渴望独立和自由的豪言壮语变成了可怕的现实。
我曾经说过我了不起，就要上一所名校，现在我开始感到了这些大话的压力。
没什么了不起。
我曾经是那么急不可待地盼望这一天的到来，而现在，这一天终于到来了，我却感到自己好像并不想走了，我想那可能是因为我要到一所离家有6小时车程的大学去上学的缘故。
[4] 事实上，在我决定要离家的时候，我所有的个人问题仿佛都烟消云散了，我才不在乎呢，反正我要走了。
我要向每个人表明我想走————而且，上帝作证，我整装待发。
然而，这一天到来了，我不知道自己是否真正做好了出发的准备。
[5] 老爸和继母要送我去学校，不过，我要首先和妈妈告别。
谁都知道离婚不是件容易的事。
那天早上我和妈妈一起吃了饭，她当时立刻就谈起我过去的一些经历来，还谈到了她第一年离家上大学的一些事情，比如零乱的宿舍、腼腆的室友、一些艺术史课。
她说得那么详细，那么热情，以至于我清楚地感到大学生活会给人留下多么深刻的印象。
后来，我们又谈到了我到学校后可能会发生的事情————与我同住一层的家伙会是什么样，我多么希望教室不会在校园的另一侧，我是否会因为吃食堂的饭而发胖。
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5．“我更愿意关注他们的思维方式，而不是他们的性格。
通过改变他们的思维方式，就能改变他们的行为。
”
课文翻译
有时候做女人或男人，或者做人都很难
我们对自己期望的太多，一旦我们失败我们就情绪低落，简单的生活让人更加开心。
1 许多取得极大成功的女性不久前才坦言自己精神崩溃了，紧接着《每日邮报》的首席专栏作家阿利森·皮尔森在一次急性抑郁症发作之后又艰难地做出了离职的决定。
2 斯蒂芬妮·梅里特，玛丽安·基斯和萨莉·汉普顿这些知名作家都公开向社会承认了她们工作能力严重丧失的问题。
其他一些知名人士—比如演员艾玛·汤普森和《加冕街》剧中明星贝弗利·卡拉尔—最近也承认她们一阵阵地遭受急性精神抑郁症的折磨。
3 上周《卫报》中的一篇文章问道—女性们都怎么了？在她们取得所有这些成就的同时，为什么她们患抑郁症的概率是男性的三倍之多？为什么女性中患抑郁症的概率不断攀升？答案多种多样，有的认为是因为男性不常做家务活，有的认为是由于现在女性很晚才生养孩子。
4 然而，考虑到女性患抑郁症的高发率，比起男性，女性真的处境更糟糕的吗？也许—--尽管不一定是因为她们自己认为
女性和男性由于不同的原因，不快乐方式不同。
对于女性来说，这些
原因不那么直接。
这也就是女性抑郁症更加严重也更难治疗的原因之
一。
5 作为一个一生遭受抑郁症折磨的患者，同时也是个男人— 顺便说一下，男性自杀的概率是女性的三倍— 我知道抑郁的根源除了那些明显的压力因素和遗传因素外，还有不确定性和迷惘两个原因。
6 如果人们清楚地知道她们忧愁的根源，知道能做什么和不能做什么，他们就能摆脱掉很大部分的不快乐。
当内心的冲突— 或者说矛盾 — 不停的在脑海里翻腾，
不快乐就演变为抑郁症。
7 矛盾和不确定是当代女性的命运。
当代女性一直以来被灌输她们能够“拥有一切”的神话（卫报的作家基拉·科克伦把它称为“完美生活的疯狂追求”），而她们发现自己面对的却是一对接一对不可调和的矛盾，有些是未察觉到的、有些是拒绝接受的。
8 当代女性理所当然地想拥有成功、满意的事业、成为好母亲、好朋友以及当地社区的重要成员。
同时她们还想保持性感、或许还要时髦。
谁不想这样呢？
9 然而要把这一切付诸实践实在是太难了,如果你努力成就事业，你就不能和你的孩子们有很多时间相处。
反之，把孩子放在首位吧你可能觉得自己又回到了二十世纪五十年代那个女性备受压迫、职场上弱势的时代。
这个不可调和的矛盾就足以使任何一个渴望事业的女性的产生很多焦虑和心痛。
10 很多女性既想成为家庭的照料者又想拥有自己的事业。
虽然没完
全成为时尚的奴隶，但还是希望自己漂亮而时髦。
无论胖瘦她们都热
爱自己身体原来的样子，但同时希望自己有魅力。
她们不想自己“只是”个家庭妇女，但又继续承担照顾家庭和孩子的责任。
11 再加上她们期望现代男性拥有的有些许矛盾的美德— 强壮而又敏感，成功却不物质至上，会关心人而又很阳刚 — 仅仅是存在的问题就令人难以应付。
随着性别角色的转变，每件事情都要“谈判”，或者说“争执”。
12 通常如果一个男人赚得比女人多，是否就意味着他的事业可以处于更优先的位置？谁来选择窗帘呢？除了“什么是所期待的现实”这样的困扰外，还有直截了当的实际问题。
皮尔森提出了“三明治母亲一说，即，过晚地生养孩子，同时发现自己还得照顾年老的父母。
晚育还会带来生育问题的苦恼。
于是就有了女性弱势的历史形式— 薪金的差距以及被排除在权力位置之外。
有很多让人郁闷的事。
13 在某些方面男性的情况的确要好一些，这是由于他们的欲望和需求更加直接。
我认识的大多数男性即使只在晚上或者周末才能见到自己孩子，也不觉得愧疚，可以安心地去上班。
大多数男性都不太关注时尚，也不太担心自己的身体形象。
然而最总要的一点是，我怀疑男性就不会过分担心自己“好不好”。
心理学家多萝西·罗在卫报发表文章时专门提到这个问题，她评论道：“大多数女孩从小被培养成优秀的人，而一个优秀的人常常觉得自己可以做得更好。
”她还补充道“我们接受的养育原则就是如果一个工作值得去做，就值得做好。
但事实上，女性应该学习的是如果一个工作值得去做，就值得做差 —
只要做了就行。
”
14 那又是什么事情让男性不开心呢？能想到的有几点。
男性经受更多的孤独，因为他们的社会关系网不太丰富且相互间的支持较少。
同时，他们的身份感与工作上的成功与失败密切相关。
他们也会陷入“家庭供养者”这一传统角色的困境中，这就意味着在失业男性中的抑郁症患者很多。
15 也许有些过时，很多男性把作为一个成功的丈夫与他们能够成功地为自己的配偶创造一个满意的世界联系在一起。
但因为
他们的配偶也许并不快乐。
部分原因是女性内心深处、古老或不愿承认的需要：男性就应该能够让她们快乐，很多女性并不十分感激、欣赏自己的丈夫。
16 很多女性把做好朋友，好母亲，社区的好成员，或者工作上的能手放在第一位，但很少有女性真正认为感激、欣赏丈夫（或者你愿意的话，做个“好妻子”）应该列在名单之首。
毕竟，这不过是二十世纪五十年代的家庭主妇的向往，而现代女性决心再也不回到那个可怕的监狱里去。
17 相反，现在的很多男性仍然担心自己不能做个好丈夫，因为他们没有任何受压迫的历史来禁止他们拥有这种感觉。
如果他们的妻子感到不快乐，那就是他们的失败。
18 女性的情况总是糟糕一些：她们在智力上和男性是平等的，但是她们更本能地倾向于照顾孩子（40年的社会变革似乎没有太大地改变这种强烈的需求），世界上所有慷慨的儿童照管机制也无法解决这
个矛盾。
女性在职业晋升上还是处于弱势。
尽管影响工作业绩的结构
性障碍可能被进一步排除，但那本身并不是一个解决办法。
19 那么，解决办法是什么呢？首先，正如多萝西·罗建议
女性应该降低对自己的期望。
在过去的30年男性在这方面进行了大量的实践：女性已经帮助我们许多人看清我们没什么了不起的。
但事实是：大多数女性也没什么了不起的。
我们都是普通人，有自己的缺点、通常不怎么明智，长相普通、智力一般、尽力与人和睦相处、跌跌撞撞地朝着通常既模糊、又说不清或者矛盾的目标靠近。
20 对于如何增强男女两性的幸福感我还有一个根本性的建议：不要把工作、朋友和孩子放在第一位，男女双方
这是一种很好的传统观念，但一直以来迫于其它职责的压力而不受重视。
其它的事情都应该排在它之后。
21 为个人的成功而奋斗是令人钦佩的，但是如果我们的期望是不现实的或者是矛盾的，就注定要失败，不快乐必然紧跟而至。
我们也不应该希望时时刻刻、在任何情形下都开心：不快乐是人类生存的一个正常部分，期望没有忧愁就是不快乐的根源。
22 也许，男女两性都一样，不应该为在各领域出人头地而奋斗，应该只努力做到谦逊而感恩：感激我们已经拥有的东西，尤其感激我们相互拥有、亲密无间。
这听起来很简单--
不管怎么说，看看复杂都把我们折磨成什么样了。