Inaugural Address肯尼迪就职演说修辞总结
肯尼迪就职演讲修辞分析
4.And, if abeachheadof cooperation may push back thejungleof suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor……(Para 19)
6.Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us here thesamehighstandardsofstrengthandsacrificewhich we ask of you.（Para 27）
3.Letall our neighborsknow thatwe shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas. Andletevery other powerknow thatthis hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.(Para 9)
2.And so, my fellow Americans,ask not whatyour country can do for you;ask whatyou can do for your country.(Para 25)
My fellow citizens of the world,ask not whatAmericaห้องสมุดไป่ตู้will do for you,but whattogether we can do for the freedom of man. (Para 26)
肯尼迪就职演讲修辞
肯尼迪就职演讲修辞美国总统约翰·菲兹杰拉德·肯尼迪自幼受到良好的教育，后毕业于哈佛大学。
他发表于1961年1月20日的就职演说中字字、旬句、段段都是经过精心雕琢，其中最大的特点就是大量修辞格的运用。
修辞就是运用语言的时候，根据特定的目的精心选择语言的过程，力求把语言表达的清晰、生动、精彩．它包含有各种修辞格。
演说词中各种修辞格的运用可使得演说词条理清晰，琅琅上口，气势恢宏，引人共鸣．本文拟对肯尼迪就职演说中的修辞进行研究．一、Parallelism{平行)英语Parallelism，意即alongside one another(并排)．其基本用法是将结构相同或类似、意义相关或并重、语气也前后一致的语言成分平行并列在一起。
平行的构成可体现于各个语言层次，如单词、短语、从句、句子。
这篇演说词中平行的构成不仅体现在这些方面，而且还体现在段落之间。
(黑体字部分表示运用了修辞格，阻下与此相同)。
单词方面的有：The energy,the faith，the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will⋯短语、从句方面的有：⋯bom in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace，proud of our ancient heritage，and unwillingto wimess or permit the slow undoing ofthese human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world．仅仅这一段话就包含三组平行结构。
第一组是过去分词引起的短语，第二组是形容词引起的短语，第三组是个定语从旬。
肯尼迪《就职演说》中的语域分析
肯尼迪《就职演说》中的语域分析摘要：肯尼迪一九六一年的就职演说被称作是二十世纪最令人难忘的两次美国总统就职演说之一，引起了国际上的广泛关注。
然而当前对政论性演说的研究主要集中于文体学、修辞学领域，从系统功能语言学角度进行的研究显得相对匮乏。
本文从语场、语旨、语式三个方面分析了被奉为政治演说词经典的肯尼迪《就职演说》中的语域，进而发掘了该演说词的语言特征，加深了对演说者演说意图的理解。
文章不仅丰富了政治演说词已经取得的研究成果，而且验证了语域理论用于政治演说词分析的有效性。
关键词：就职演说；语域特征；语域分析一．引言历届美国总统的就职演说的特点较其他形式的公开演说更为突出，表现在其时间的固定性（一月二十日）、地点的固定性（白宫）、演说者身份的固定性（当选为美国总统的人）、听众的固定性（美国民众和世界各国）、内容的相似性（施政纲领、国内国际形势等）。
此类演说均是历任总统先生经过深思熟虑、字斟句酌的成果，因此往往成为学者和研究者们科学研究的语料。
美国第35届总统约翰••菲茨杰拉德•肯尼迪于1961年1月20日发表的就职演说无论是在内容上还是形式上，均堪称政论性演说中的经典。
对该就职演说的研究集中于文体学和修辞学领域，鲜有从语域角度进行的分析。
本文将语域理论运用于对肯尼迪就职演说词的分析，从一个全新的角度探索政治演说词的特点，一方面可以丰富政治演说词已有的研究成果，另一方面可以验证语域理论用于演说词分析的有效性。
二．文献回顾语域是语言学中的一个重要概念，它初是Reid在1956年研究双语现象时提出来的。
英国籍波兰人类学家马林诺夫斯基（Malinowski）把语境分为三类：话语语境（context of utterance）、文化语境（context of culture）和情景语境（context of situation）。
此后韩礼德等人将文化语境与情景语境的概念与语言系统相结合，并在其著作中进行阐释从而形成了语域理论。
肯尼迪就职演说 Inaugural Address
三一文库（）/演讲致辞/英语演讲稿肯尼迪就职演说 Inaugural Addressjohnf.kennedyinauguraladdressdelivered20january1961vicepresidentjohnson,mr.speaker,mr.chiefjustic e,presidenteisenhower,vicepresidentnixon,presi denttruman,reverendclergy,fellowcitizens:weobservetodaynotavictoryofparty,butacelebrati onoffreedom--symbolizinganend,aswellasabeginni ng--signifyingrenewal,aswellaschange.forihaves wornbeforeyouandalmightygodthesamesolemnoathou rforebearsprescribednearlyacenturyandthree-qua rtersago.theworldisverydifferentnow.formanholdsinhismor talhandsthepowertoabolishallformsofhumanpovert yandallformsofhumanlife.andyetthesamerevolutio narybeliefsforwhichourforebearsfoughtarestilla tissuearoundtheglobe--thebeliefthattherightsof mancomenotfromthegenerosityofthestate,butfromt hehandofgod.wedarenotforgettodaythatwearetheheirsofthatfir strevolution.letthewordgoforthfromthistimeandp lace,tofriendandfoealike,thatthetorchhasbeenpa ssedtoanewgenerationofamericans--borninthiscen tury,temperedbywar,disciplinedbyahardandbitter peace,proudofourancientheritage,andunwillingto witnessorpermittheslowundoingofthosehumanright stowhichthisnationhasalwaysbeencommitted,andto whichwearecommittedtodayathomeandaroundtheworl d.leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyha rdship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoe,toassuret hesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty.thismuchwepledge--andmore.tothoseoldallieswhoseculturalandspiritualorigi nsweshare,wepledgetheloyaltyoffaithfulfriends. unitedthereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperat iveventures.dividedthereislittlewecando--forwe darenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasu nder.tothosenewstateswhomwewelcometotheranksofthefr ee,wepledgeourwordthatoneformofcolonialcontrol shallnothavepassedawaymerelytobereplacedbyafar moreirontyranny.weshallnotalwaysexpecttofindth emsupportingourview.butweshallalwayshopetofind themstronglysupportingtheirownfreedom--andtore memberthat,inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpo werbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.tothosepeopleinthehutsandvillagesofhalftheglob estrugglingtobreakthebondsofmassmisery,wepledg eourbesteffortstohelpthemhelpthemselves,forwha teverperiodisrequired--notbecausethecommunists maybedoingit,notbecauseweseektheirvotes,butbec auseitisright.ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanyw hoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.tooursisterrepublicssouthofourborder,weofferas pecialpledge:toconvertourgoodwordsintogooddeed s,inanewallianceforprogress,toassistfreemenand freegovernmentsincastingoffthechainsofpoverty. butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbecomethe preyofhostilepowers.letallourneighborsknowthat weshalljoinwiththemtoopposeaggressionorsubvers ionanywhereintheamericas.andleteveryotherpower knowthatthishemisphereintendstoremainthemaster ofitsownhouse.tothatworldassemblyofsovereignstates,theunitednations,ourlastbesthopeinanagewheretheinstrume ntsofwarhavefaroutpacedtheinstrumentsofpeace,w erenewourpledgeofsupport--topreventitfrombecom ingmerelyaforumforinvective,tostrengthenitsshi eldofthenewandtheweak,andtoenlargetheareainwhi chitswritmayrun.finally,tothosenationswhowouldmakethemselvesou radversary,weoffernotapledgebutarequest:thatbo thsidesbeginanewthequestforpeace,beforethedark powersofdestructionunleashedbyscienceengulfall humanityinplannedoraccidentalself-destruction.wedarenottemptthemwithweakness.foronlywhenoura rmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyon ddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed.butneithercantwogreatandpowerfulgroupsofnation stakecomfortfromourpresentcourse--bothsidesove rburdenedbythecostofmodernweapons,bothrightlya larmedbythesteadyspreadofthedeadlyatom,yetbothracingtoalterthatuncertainbalanceofterrorthats taysthehandofmankindsfinalwar.soletusbeginanew--rememberingonbothsidesthatci vilityisnotasignofweakness,andsincerityisalway ssubjecttoproof.letusnevernegotiateoutoffear,b utletusneverfeartonegotiate.letbothsidesexplorewhatproblemsuniteusinsteado fbelaboringthoseproblemswhichdivideus.letbothsides,forthefirsttime,formulateseriousa ndpreciseproposalsfortheinspectionandcontrolof arms,andbringtheabsolutepowertodestroyothernat ionsundertheabsolutecontrolofallnations.letbothsidesseektoinvokethewondersofscienceins teadofitsterrors.togetherletusexplorethestars, conquerthedeserts,eradicatedisease,taptheocean depths,andencouragetheartsandcommerce.letbothsidesunitetoheed,inallcornersoftheearth ,thecommandofisaiah--to"undotheheavyburdens,an d[to]lettheoppressedgofree."and,ifabeachheadofcooperationmaypushbackthejun gleofsuspicion,letbothsidesjoinincreatinganewe ndeavor--notanewbalanceofpower,butanewworldofl aw--wherethestrongarejust,andtheweaksecure,and thepeacepreserved.allthiswillnotbefinishedinthefirstonehundredda ys.norwillitbefinishedinthefirstonethousandday s;norinthelifeofthisadministration;norevenperh apsinourlifetimeonthisplanet.butletusbegin.inyourhands,myfellowcitizens,morethanmine,will restthefinalsuccessorfailureofourcourse.sincet hiscountrywasfounded,eachgenerationofamericans hasbeensummonedtogivetestimonytoitsnationalloyalty.thegravesofyoungamericanswhoansweredtheca lltoservicesurroundtheglobe.nowthetrumpetsummonsusagain--notasacalltobeara rms,thougharmsweneed--notasacalltobattle,thoug hembattledweare--butacalltobeartheburdenofalon gtwilightstruggle,yearinandyearout,"rejoicingi nhope;patientintribulation,"astruggleagainstth ecommonenemiesofman:tyranny,poverty,disease,an dwaritself.canweforgeagainsttheseenemiesagrandandglobalal liance,northandsouth,eastandwest,thatcanassure amorefruitfullifeforallmankind?willyoujoininth athistoriceffort?inthelonghistoryoftheworld,onlyafewgenerations havebeengrantedtheroleofdefendingfreedominitsh ourofmaximumdanger.idonotshrinkfromthisrespons ibility--iwelcomeit.idonotbelievethatanyofuswo uldexchangeplaceswithanyotherpeopleoranyothergeneration.theenergy,thefaith,thedevotionwhichw ebringtothisendeavorwilllightourcountryandallw hoserveit.andtheglowfromthatfirecantrulylightt heworld.andso,myfellowamericans,asknotwhatyourcountryc andoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.myfellowcitizensoftheworld,asknotwhatamericawi lldoforyou,butwhattogetherwecandoforthefreedom ofman.finally,whetheryouarecitizensofamericaorcitize nsoftheworld,askofusherethesamehighstandardsof strengthandsacrificewhichweaskofyou.withagoodc onscienceouronlysurereward,withhistorythefinal judgeofourdeeds,letusgoforthtoleadthelandwelov e,askinghisblessingandhishelp,butknowingthathe reonearthgodsworkmusttrulybeourown.。
Inaugural Address of President John F
这篇演讲词的条理贫明，框架清晰，独具匠心的语篇结构是其一大特色。
整个语篇框架粗略可以分为两部分。
前半部分是从第一段到第二十段；后半部分是文章的剩余部分。
前半部分主要是向全世界其它国家宣扬美国对它们的外交策略、政治观点、政治立场和政治态度；后半部分则是号召鼓舞美国国内人民团结一致，做好长期斗争的准备，共同对敌，捍卫自由和保卫美国所推崇以及在全世界推行的政治理想、政治信念。
其中前半部分又被清楚明了地分为两个部分，分界线是第十一段。
此段承上启下，标志着前半部分的第一部分的结束和其第二部分的开始。
前半部分的第一部分是他作为总统代表美国对世界上那些与美国为友的国家作出保证；而其第二部分则是对世界上那些与美国为敌的国家提出要求。
前半部分的第一部分(第一段到第十一段)的内部衔接主要是依靠一组排比结构来实现的。
这组排比句是这一部分各个段落联接的主要纽带，使这一部分意义连贯，表达清晰，使演讲者在交际过程中所要表达的意图贯穿整个部分。
这一组排比句中的每句的位置都是在各段的开头，每句的句法结构大致相同，都是将由to作为介词的介宾短语放在句首，后面都是主语 + 谓语 + 宾语的结构。
不仅形成了结构的排比、结构的重复，而且在这些排比中还结合运用了词汇的重复这种修辞手段，“we”和“pledge”在这组排比中重复出现了六次。
这组排比句作为这一部分的衔接手段，主要的联结纽带，使这部分各段意义连贯，成为一个整体，清楚明了地表明这一部分主要是向那些对美国友好的各种不同类型的国家、团体机构作出许诺保证，宣布以约翰肯尼迪为首的新一届美国政府对它们的政策。
此外，排比还是一种句法修饰手段。
所以作者在这里使用这一组排比可谓～举两得，既是一种衔接手段将这部分联结成一个整体，又是一种修辞手法，应用在这里，使意思层层递进，增强了演讲词的气势，表达了强烈的感情，突出了强调的内容。
也由于排比甸式整齐，节奏分明，使演讲词读起来韵律分明，铿锵有力，展现了新任总统排山倒海的气魄。
肯尼迪就职演说InauguralAddress_英语演讲稿_
肯尼迪就职演说 Inaugural Addressjohn f. kennedyinaugural addressdelivered 20 january 1961vice president johnson, mr. speaker, mr. chief justice, president eisenhower, vice president nixon, president truman, reverend clergy, fellow citizens:we observe today not a victory of party, but a celebration of freedom -- symbolizing an end, as well as a beginning -- signifying renewal, as well as change. for i have sworn before you and almighty god the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.the world is very different now. for man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. and yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe -- the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of god.we dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of americans -- born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, supportany friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the success of liberty.this much we pledge -- and more.to those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends. united there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. divided there is little we can do -- for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.to those new states whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. we shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. but we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom -- and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.to those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required -- not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. if a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.to our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. but this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the americas. and let everyother power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.to that world assembly of sovereign states, the united nations, our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support -- to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.we dare not tempt them with weakness. for only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.but neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present course -- both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.so let us begin anew -- remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.let both sides, for the first time, formulate serious and precise proposals for the inspection and control of arms, and bring theabsolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.let both sides unite to heed, in all corners of the earth, the command of isaiah -- to "undo the heavy burdens, and [to] let the oppressed go free."¹and, if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor -- not a new balance of power, but a new world of law -- where the strong are just, and the weak secure, and the peace preserved.all this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this administration; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. but let us begin.in your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. since this country was founded, each generation of americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. the graves of young americans who answered the call to service surround the globe.now the trumpet summons us again -- not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need -- not as a call to battle, though embattled we are -- but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, "rejoicing in hope; patient in tribulation,"² a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself.can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance, north and south, east and west, that can assure a morefruitful life for all mankind? will you join in that historic effort?in the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. i do not shrink from this responsibility -- i welcome it. i do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. the energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it. and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.and so, my fellow americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.my fellow citizens of the world, ask not what america will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man.finally, whether you are citizens of america or citizens of the world, ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. with a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking his blessing and his help, but knowing that here on earth god's work must truly be our own.。
Inaugural Address 【结构、修辞、文章特点】
• change -- the change from Eisenhower to
Kennedy
(para1)
❤metaphor
torch （para3）
• ideals
• duty • revolution
(⊙o⊙)
• responsibility --- of keeping human rights
5.Specific comment on the speech
– Kennedy was an eloquent speaker. He is specially trained. This speech is very powerful and wonderful. He lays his emphasis on the successful appeals to the emotion of the listeners.
❤antithesis
• United we can do everything.
Divided we can do nothing. (para6)
• instruments of war-- weapons, bombs, for waging wars
• instruments of peace -- machines, tools for
❤parallelism
• Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. （Para14）
• Let both sides ×4 （para15-18）
❤alliteration
• Both sides overburdened…yet both racing ... (para13)
肯尼迪就职演说 Inaugural Address
肯尼迪就职演说Inaugural Address> 从我们背起书包睁着渴求学问的大眼睛走到一起的时候，从我们洋溢着天真无邪稚嫩纯洁的笑脸汇聚到这里时，从我们蓄着羊角小辫，刺猬平头，身上还沾满野外泥土站立一排时开头，我们便结为手足情意，师生深恩。
我们同呼吸，共命运，同悲喜戚，共高兴。
有多少的激烈争论，我们已经记不清了;有多少嬉闹调侃，我们也记不清了;流了多少委屈，冤枉，莫名的泪水，更记不清了;发出多少次爽朗的快乐的大笑，我们仍旧记不清晰。
总之，这三年里，我们欢乐，我们悲泣;我们迷惑，我们又豁然开朗。
山重水复，柳暗花明;云舒云卷，雁来厣往;桃红柳绿，莺飞草长;教导江山，激扬文字;风风雨雨，阳光明媚;高山流水，大江东去。
我们为古贤垂泪，我们替今雄喝彩。
我们经受过雨后彩虹，雪后初霁。
还伴随鸟语花香，清风缓缓。
我们拥有我们的幻想，幻化的青春和我们的情思，我们的追求，我们的挫折，我们的憾恨。
它们在这里跳动，在这里回荡，在这里实践。
它们落在操场的草坪，它们定格在教室的灯影，还闪烁在花坛草尖花瓣上。
象涓涓的细流，象咆哮的江河。
它们时而激荡，时而平缓，时而迂回曲旋，时而又一路高歌。
但安静时是蓄势，冲闯着是不服，不屈不挠，向前流淌。
这就是我们，也是我们用青春在编织的花环，是我们专心血在谱曲动人的乐章。
它是华美的乐章，是壮丽的乐章，是洪亮的音符，是平凡的真谛!我们永久不会遗忘!我们更企盼明天。
明天，我们可能散布五湖四海，天际海角; 明天，我们将走向各自不同的岗位，八仙过海; 明天，我们将做出骄人的佳绩，名垂清史! 但，明天，不论我们是贫是贱，是富是贵，不论我们在哪里，做什么，请不要遗忘，我们曾是一家人，而且永久是一家人! 我们心相连，我们情相通。
心连地不偏。
我们有事没事常联系，相互问个好，时时道个安。
散聚有时，水绕山转。
盼望我们每个人事业有成，家庭美满，身体健康，潇洒漂亮，那时，我将看到我们再次背起饱满的行囊，驾着自己的奔驰宝马，私人飞机，扑扑身上的尘，踏进母校的门，联系旧时的人，重温过去的文，开启酵封的瓶，牵手往日的情，不辞万里行，查找梦中的魂。
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synecdoche / si'nekdəki /：substituting a more inclusive term for a less inclusive one or vice versa
Inaugural Address肯尼迪就职演说修辞总结
美国总统肯尼迪的就职演说辞沿袭古希腊，罗马的修辞及文风精心选用语言句式，注意音韵效果，字字句句经过刻意雕琢。
一、 Alliteration是一种常见的反复类音韵修辞格,恰当使用Alliteration能赋予语言以音韵美和节奏美，起到演染气氛烘托感情加强语言表现力等效果, 如:
• Let the word go forth.....that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans."（para3）
• In order to assure the survival and the success of liberty …
• Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths, and encourage the arts and commerce.(para17)
•…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom(para13)
二、 Understatement
Understatement的修辞功能在肯尼迪这篇演说辞中"首先体现在它是一种政界辞令"整篇文章"没有直截了当地对国际形势进行分析" 更没有一处提到一个国家的名字或具体事例"一切都隐晦委婉模糊不清"例如
三、 dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. (我们不敢以怯弱来引诱他们因为只有当我们毫无疑问地拥有足够的军事装备时我们才能真正有把握地确信永远不会使用武力)para12
一场规模空前的军备竞赛的动因被说成了We dare not tempt them with weakness. Understatement的运用变主动为被动变张牙舞爪为委曲求全
2. United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split
(团结,将使我们在许多合作事业中无往而不胜,分裂,我们将一事无成)
三、parallelism(平行结构)
parallelism是将结构相同或相似，意义并重语气一致的语言成分、短语、句子乃至语段等并行排列的一种修辞手法，这种辞格可以使语言简洁明了，结构精致对称，声调铿锵有力、叙事生动逼真语意鲜明突出。
1、… not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. 并不是因为共产党可能在这样做，也不是因为我们需要他们的选票，而是因为这样做是正确的。
（para8）
2、We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.(para3)
让我们的朋友和敌人都能听见我此时此地的话语，火炬已经传给新一代美国人，这一代人在本世纪诞生经受过战争的锻炼，得到过艰难痛苦的和平的磨炼，他们为我国悠久的传统感到自豪，他们不愿目睹或听任我国历来所承诺的今天仍在国内外所保证的人权遭到肆意践踏。
四、Repetition重复
Repetition是对某个词或语言成分进行重复，借以加强语气和感情是一种常见的英语冗余现象。
这种现象起到加强语势，表达深刻的思想，增强语言节奏感的作用，能产生速度节奏音响色彩气氛等不同效应。
1、 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. 让我们决不要由于害怕而谈判!但我们决不能害怕谈判。
Para14
2、 For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.（因为只有当我们毫无疑问地拥有足够的军事设备时!我们才能真正有把握确信永远不会使用武力）para12
四、 Regression 回环
这种辞格是语言美的一种表现形式，其语言美学特点是均衡中有变通变化中有整齐。
常表现为前句的尾部成为后句的首部，后句的尾部成为前句的首部，在实际运用中此格式往往比较灵活多样不拒一格，可细分为换词回环（如例1）错综回环（如例2）减词回环依次回环和增词回环例如：
1、 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. 让我
们决不要由于害怕而谈判!但我们决不能害怕谈判。
Para14
2、 my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your
六Climax(层进法)
这种辞格句型对称，采用由轻到重、由弱到强、由浅到深、由小到大、由低到高的语言格式&，这种手法清楚醒目，结构整齐，气势贯通，感染力强&，例如：
All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days; nor in the life of this Administration; nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us beg所有这一切不可能在100天内完成也不可能在1,000天或者在本届政府任期内完成，甚至也许不可能在我们居住在这个星球上的有生之年内完成。
Para20
七、Oxymoron(矛盾修辞法)
这种辞格事实上就是英语反义词的一种灵活运用，即把意义上互相对立互不协调的两个反义词置于一处构成词面矛盾在逻辑意义上不能并列，但实则可以深刻揭示事物之间的对立统一的内在联系，富含哲理、构思新颖能产生特殊的讽刺性修辞效果。
1、yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war. 但是，双方在争着去改变那些人类发动最后战争的不稳定的恐怖均势.（para13）。