外文翻译---废杂铜的回收与利用

附录A 外文翻译-原文部分Recycling of scrap copperChina as the largest developing country in the world, in realizing industrialized process especially in keeping Tao Min economy in the process of rapid development of non-ferrous metals demand is very, especially copper its supply is very tight. Copper shortage is to restrict our country copper processing industry is one of the main factors. The 2011 world copper output is 20000000 t about, among them 85% to 90% from the copper extraction and smelting out 10% ~ 15% from Cu recycling. So the copper recycling industry becom the important way for copper resources shortage.In view of present situation of copper scrap copper resources and Renewable investment, low energy consumption and cost, little pollution and has simple process and other characteristics, copper scrap recycling in China by mushroom considered.1 Chinese copper demand and resource status1.1 Chinese copper demandAt present, China has become the world's largest consumer of copper, copper processing industry manufacturing base and the copper base product export country. Our country is in the world of refined copper consumption growth is the rapiddest, the average growth rate is2.4 times of world, especially since 2000, an average annual increase of about300000 t, become pull move consumption growth in the major countries of world copper. Copper are mainly used for electric power, electrical and electronics, machinery manufacturing, construction, transportation and other industries. With the rapid development of automobile industry, the state of rural electrified wire netting transform, especially copper shortage. In 2010December the national development and Reform Commission report, in construction, automotive and other industries to speed the development of drive, China copper consumption showed a steady upward trend, demand growth is much higher than the growth rate of the Chinese alligator.1.2 of China's copper resourcesCopper resources shortage is China's copper industry the most outstanding problem, industry of our country copper smelting capacity greatly exceeds the guarantee ability of copper concentrate. China's copper base reserves30420000 resources, resources total 62180000t. Copper mine reserves and foreign comparable part, not exceeding 18000000 t12J, ranking seventh in the world. But from tell on the whole, the copper resources in China is still very poor ( Especially the lack of rich copper ), and foreign copper resource countries still have quite big difference. China's domestic copper concentrate supply is less than 30%, more than 70% of the need to rely on imports.Copper resources in China is characterized by small deposits, large, superlarge deposit less. The characteristics of the hill of our country copper mine constructiondimensions slants generally small, and after several decades of intensive mining, their reserves at a substantially reduced, some even have almost been exhausted. Notably, China's copper reserves most of them have been developed, the future there is a part of capacity to disappear.Resource of our country copper is another characteristic of ore, ore less, complex polymetallic ore, copper ore less single. The average grade of 0.78% copper, copper grade of more than 1% high grade copper reserves accounted for only36%, and the Underground mine, open pit mine is little, poor mining conditions.China's copper resources are very unevenly distributed, mainly in the southwest of Sanjiang, Yangtze River, southeast is coastal, Qin Qikun metallogenic belt and Jilin and Liaoning Eastern Gangdese metallogenic belt, Tibet. To provide alternative resources mining is mostly located in economy relatively backward center-west region, exterior construction condition difference, scale mining requires a certain amount of time, so the mine production of copper mineral of copper content to increase, will gradually decline.2 recycling of scrap copper statusAccording to the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, in 2004, China's recycling scrap copper1160000 T, occupy the copper consumption 28%, not including copper and copper products factory direct recycle corner than expected and the imperfection of about 1000000 t.2004domestic recycling copper360000 T,171 into the copper scrap3960000t (equivalent to belong to base800000 t ). According to the 2003China copper raw materials and products in the V1number display of copper into the F1growth is the rapiddest, reached 25%, copper concentrate in8% VI growth, cathode copper into a 12% fall in El. In 2006 I because of refined copper output is 3000000 T, and scrap copper include N and gang in the recovery of the already amounted to 5620000 t ( copper scrap metal Dong a total of approximately1680000 t ). Copper scrap recycling and trading status of copper market will produce bigger and bigger effect.China's most economically developed areas in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Bohai is the most in short supply of copper mineral resources in the region, is also our country renewable copper and copper processing production the biggest area. 80% of the country's copper processing enterprises located in three regions,75% of the country's annual recycling of scrap copper. The three to ninth regenerated copper industry has its own characteristics: the Pearl River Delta region are mainly imported waste dismantling, classification, sales copper materials; Yangtze River Delta IX represented Zhejiang, the use of copper production of copper and brass products; of area of annulus Bohai mainly in Tianjin, has more than 200warehouse industry the use of copper wire and cable production. In the copper use, can be divided into direct and indirect use of two by According to estimation, copper by plus J:, about L / 3to fine copper returned form market, namely through the anode furnace smelting production of electrolytic copper, often called the regeneration of copper; the other2/ 3with a refined copper or copper alloy form Xia new A connection for use, production of copper or copper alloy products.3 copper scrap classificationCopper according to the different stages, can be divided into: industrial production process resulting in a copper, produced during the processing of new copper, consumers use after the old copper three class;(1) a copper. As substandard anode cathode and anode material, waste. These wastes are not deep processing or selling, it is usually to return to the previous step, substandard copper usually Xia new return export converter or anode furnace for refining, defective material is melting and recasting.(2) The new copper. New copper refers to new trim or internally generated copper factory. This copper is produced during machining, it with a copper the main difference lies in the alloy or covering of CHO could have been doped.(3) The old copper. The old copper is abandoned, used or externally generated scrap copper. It comes from has reached its limit the use of the product.According to scrap copper copper amount is different, also can be divided for copper:(1) The L copper. This copper copper in the lowest content is 99%, the minimum diameter or thickness of 1.6 mm. L copper including cable," heavy" copper ( cutting chip, chip, a bus bar piercing ) and wire nodules.(2) No. 2copper. This copper copper in the minimum content of 96%, with the line, heavy copper or nodular form, and contains several other restrictions.(3) low copper. The minimum amount of copper scrap copper92%, the composition of pure copper, pure copper surface paint or coating (drain pipes,) or had been heavily oxidized (4) refining brass products. This include various types of components in mixed alloy of copper, the minimum amount of copper is 61.3%, other less restrictive.(5) Copper containing waste. This type includes all low copper content of raw materials, such as slag, slag, sludge, return material, powder and other waste.4copper processing4.1wire and cable processingWire and cable so far is the old copper in a most general kind. Scrap wire, cable recycling is mainly to make copper wire and an insulating layer separation, there are four main ways: (1) mechanical separation, the law can be divided into two types. The debarking machine processing method, this method is suitable for processing the thickness of basically the same wires. This process has the following characteristics: can be used for comprehensive recovery of scrap wire and cable and copper in an embedding material, comprehensive utilization level is higher; the output of the copper shavings contain substantially no plastic, reducing the melting plastic pollution of the atmosphere; and has the advantages of simple process, easy to mechanization and automation; process higher electricity consumption, the blade wear. The method is suitable for processing thick cables and wires. (2) Iow temperature freezing method, low temperature processing waste recycling metals and insulators in the process themethod is suitable for processing various sizes of wires and cables. Waste wire by freezing insulation layer is brittle, then the broken insulating layer and copper separation. (3) Chemical stripping method. Using an organic solvent of the wire insulation layer is dissolved away, this method can produce high-quality copper, thismethod is to find an effective and cheap solvent. (4) The thermal decomposition method, the United States Patent No. 4040865was proposed by using the method of thermal decomposition insulating layer obtained after burnCopper wire.4.2 car scrap recyclingChina's automobile waste quantity along with the car retains the quantity increases sharply. These vehicles will be accumulated elimination, scrapped, the still has tens of thousands of home every year tens of millions of tons of vehicle garbage. Other countries have to transfer to China Auto trash situation. Vehicle g arbage may be recycled resources are very rich, of which there are 3Cho copper recycling potential resources.The first is open collector, in broken before it has been separated from the car manual. Radiator accessories the tin lead solder, this requires the use of radiator parts remelting and refining, in order to obtain pure copper. However, using different solder or brazing new assembly technology can directly from the radiator or heater zero Components without the need for refining. This kind of radiator of copper call charge utilization rate is close to100%.A car is scrapped in the waste steel and iron separation out after the rest of the nonferrous metal scrap scrap copper second source. Nonferrous metal scrap metal: there are three main types of aluminum, copper and zinc. But the automobile circuit is mainly composed of copper wire. From the non-ferrous metal waste separation of copper with several methods, such as hand picked, air filter and heavy medium separation.Finally, a source of copper metal separation cracked residue. This residue is mainly composed of dust and organic matter composition -- the dashboard and steering wheel, plastic cushion, carpet and fabric fluff. The residue includes up to 3% copper and some oil value.4.3 electronic waste processingElectronic waste is the two copper in a rapidly growing. Is now vigorously develop the recycling of the raw material of copper technology. Electronic waste is defined as the production of electronic hardware wastes and discarded used electronic products. Because of this, it includes the old copper and copper.The overall composition of electronic scrap Cho to fall into three categories: (1) plastic (2) refractory oxide; (3) metal The metal is approximately half the copper, also contains several base considerable gold and silver.The separation of metal from electronic waste and become" ore processing" method of similarity. The method is similar to automobile scrap recycling, namely: to facilitate the recovery of large split; broken in order to reduce the residual material size; separating metal from plastics and ceramics.5ConclusionChina's copper scrap recycling also has many of the problems to be solved.(1) Iow grade copper scrap to flood the market. China's imports of copper scrap mostly low grade scrap copper, such as discarded cables, electrical equipment, i.e. without pretreatment of useless miscellaneous copper, while imports after the selection after the No. 1, No. 2copper is relatively less. Recommended strict copper imports of quality, amount of imports of scrap copper.(2) The serious pollution to the environment. As a result of our country scrap copper enterprises belong to the collective or private enterprises, these enterprises to fully to copper scrap as raw material, using simple production process for smelting recycled, thus the environment causes serious pollution. Suggestion: 1. The scrap copper processing using, especially the major scrap copper center of environmental protection departments to strictly implement the state environmental regulations, strengthen supervision, propaganda, such as further formulate relevant provisions, resolutely banned the burningof waste electric wires cables in the hair wire; no impurity containing too much copper scrap ( copper content below 90%) direct smelting furnace, so as to avoid large area of air pollution. The gradual improvement of scrap copper base copper scrap management, improve the quality of employees, strengthen the consciousness of environmental protection. The strictCan use scrap copper direct production of black rod, national classics trade appoint already will produce the black rod technology as an out process, the relevant departments should supervise the implementation.(3) The production technology and equipment behind. China's scrap copper production enterprises not only quantity, small scale, manage dispersive, backward technology and equipment, and large energy consumption, low utilization rate of resources recycling. Suggestion: the elimination of backward technology, the introduction of advanced production equipment.(4) Iack of resources, serious waste. China's shortage of mineral resources, prospecting difficulty is big, the main mineral shortage, in a short period of time is difficult to improve, it must be imported large quantities of scrap copper to make up the gap. According to statistics, China mineral resources recovery rate of only 30%, and associated mineral resources comprehensive utilization rate of less than 20%, and foreign average above 50% in. As the level of science and technology is backward, resource products in the subsequent use of process efficiency, at present, our country to create a unit of GDP energy consumption and raw material is developed several times to several times. Geological administrative lag, management of mineral resources is relatively weak, some mineral resources development and utilization of order disorder, collect rich abandon poor, resulting in a tremendous waste of resources. Suggestion: cherish the resources, the importance of renewable. Effective use of existing copper resources, expansion of copper natural resources can use range.附录B 外文翻译-译文部分废杂铜的回收与利用我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家，在实现工业化的过程中尤其是在保持陶民经济快速发展的过程中对有色金属的需求十分强劲，特别是铜，其供应十分紧张。