图表型作文的写作方法

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图表类作文写作方法

图表类作文写作方法

图表作文图表作文与写议论文和说明文的写作方法大致相同,唯一的差异就是如何利用浓缩在图表中的信息阐明图中各种数据和信息所反映的问题。

因此考生在写此类作文时只有在看懂图表的基础上才能动笔写。

如果不能全部领会图中信息,在写作中就会出现这样或那样的问题。

因此考生在阅读图表时应注意以下两点:第一,掌握图表上提供的信息及每一栏上面的小标题的标注,由此弄清设计者想通过图表反映出的信息、问题或现象。

第二,在掌握全部信息的基础上,着手分析这些信息和表上的具体数字。

通过分析与对比,抓住问题,便可以开拓思路,构思文章的布局、段落的划分及上下文的连贯等。

段落的划分可根据内容而定。

一般第一段应对图表做一简要的概述,点出所要涉及的问题;中间段落应对图表的重要问题进行分析;结尾段对全文做一小结。

举例说明For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “Changes in People’s Diet”. Your composition should be based on the following table.审题:这张图表介绍了1990年~1999年人们食品结构发生的变化,包括四大类食品:粮、奶、肉及水果蔬菜。

从图表上看,粮食消费量在逐年下降,奶和肉的消费量在上升,可见人民生活水平提高了。

蔬菜水果消费量上升的原因可否归结为人民生活富裕了,而且更加重视合理的饮食结构。

最后总结:整个图表反应了人民生活水平提高,更加经济快速发展。

Changes in People’s DietGreat changes have taken place in people’s diet these ten years. The above table tells us that grain, formerly the main food of most Chinese people, began to play a less important role in people’s diet, while the proportion of high-energy food, milk and meat, has generally increased.I think there are two main reasons that may account for the changes. First, people are becoming better off. They can now afford to buy more meat and milk, whose prices are much higher than that of grain. Second, people now pay more attention to the structure of their diet. They are seeking the most reasonable diet structure, wholesome,nutritious, and beneficial to their health.In short, the above changes in people’s diet in the ten years reflect the improvement in people’s living standard and the rapid development of the country’s economy. Such positive changes will surely continue in our future life.图表类作文的常用句型1. As is shown by the graph/in the table...(概述图表)正如曲线所示,最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。

图表类作文方法总结 + 范文中的优秀句子.doc

图表类作文方法总结 + 范文中的优秀句子.doc

图表类作文方法总结+范文中的优秀句子【命题趋势】图表类作文是近年出现在高考试题屮的一•种文体。

由于这类图表在现实生活屮应用广泛,因此具有很强的现实意义。

它要求考生通过对数据或文字内容进行分析与讨论,准确地表达内容,然后得出令人信服的结论。

图表类作文有以下趋势:1•图表作文是说明文或议论文。

如是议论文多采川三段式。

2. 信息可适当发挥,但决不允许白行立意,漫天发挥。

3. 讲究写作技巧,要求注意把握要点词的逻辑句子。

【应试对策】一、点明主题常用的词有:1 .table, chart, figure, graph,2. describe, tell, show, represent 等等。

二、分析差异在描写变化及总趋势特征吋,可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题,并阐明必要的理由。

常用的词汇有:l.rise, increase, drop, reduce, decre ase, fall,升高降低2. while, but, on the contrary, however,转折3. compare...to/with...,in contrast 相比Z下4. as...as, the same as, similar to,相同5. be different from., differ from 不同三、常用句式1. As is shown by the graph/in the table that/ As we can see clearly from the chart above...(概述图表)2. The results of the survey seem to suggest that… (得出结论)3•…amount to…(数量总计)(add up to /come to /sum up to )4. …increase (rise/ fall/ drop ) from …to … (数量增减)5. (be) three times as + 形容词 + as6. Compared with …,…7. There is (was) a rapid rise in …8 The changes ....can be explained for several reasons・9. It is reported that 85% of...10 In recent years/during this years ......11 ・・・ are also the reason why the number in creasing so fast.12 From the increased number we can get that...8 •结尾段屮常用的句型:1. In conclusionffo conclude/We can draw the conclusion that...,2. In my opinion/ Pers on ally, I …3. In short (= In brief), in a word,…4 it seems clear that /Ifs clear from the chart that...,5 We can learn/know that..四、优秀句子饮食・1 There have been some changes in the diet of Chinese people. ^Grain, the main food of most people in China, is now playing a less important role. ・3The amount of ............ h as also dropped by 1.5 percent from1998 to 2002・・4The amount of milk and meat has increased・•5 There is no doubt that there will be greater changes in peopled diet in the future.教育•6 It is reported that 85% of the Chinese students felt a heavy workload in their study.7 ...more than 50%of the information is forgotten after one hour, and almost two-thirds within one day・8 2000 the number had in creased to 83%,still much lower for girlsthan for boys・9 The results of the survey seem to suggest that Chinese students abroad have little time for part-time jobs.旅游0 In contrast, the number of people going abroad in 1996 increased.11 There is a growing tendency for Chinese to spend their holiday abroad ・ 12 Compared with the number 5 years ago, which was only 20%, now more than 50% of the families prefer to spend their holiday traveling.志愿者13 The number of people who do voluntary work are growing.14 Increasing numbers of Chinese youth want to make a contribution to society.其他15 Of all other things they spend their wages on, the most important were phone calls (40%), followed closely by clothes and makeup (35%)and going out (15%).16 In 1995 there were only two or three computers in per hundred families.17 In the past, one in three families could afford to buy houses, while now 70% of them have their own flat. 调査18 On 8th November 2004, a survey was conducted among 400 Chinese students at different universities in Auckland.19 The purpose of the survey was to discover what the students do in their free time, after school.20 The survey was conducted by means of a questionnaire given to the students to complete・附:分数表示法3/4 three fourths 或three quarters1/3 one third 或a third1/2 a half。

如何描写图表作文

如何描写图表作文

如何描写图表作文
1认真读图,不要缺失任何一个部分。

图表作文总的来说是结合说明和表达观点的文章,所以首先就要审好题,无论是以什么形式展现出来的图表作文,我们首先都要看清楚说的内容以及它的数据,分析它要我们写什么。

2三段论——第一段(描述段):
考试的作文三段论通常是跑不掉的,见到英语考试有图表作文不要慌。

我们还是把作文分为三部分,第一段对图表来一个总体的描述,简单概括一下图表的内容,基本就不会有什么岔子了。

3三段论——第二段(分析段):
分析图表内容,这一段就不是概括那么简单了,我们要横向地、纵向地对图表进行分析,特别是数据的最大值、最小值等等,通常图表作文都会有一个主题,我们分析之余要往这个方向靠。

不要罗列数字,要分析出规律。

4三段论——第三段(表达段):
这一段通常就文章的大意,或者顺着出题者的意思去进行一个“自己的意见”补充,也就是对这个现象或者是情况作出一种总结和评论。

这一点大家写作文通常都会有,就不用太担心了。

5检查与修改:
写完一篇作文后,如果有时间,尽量去检查一下单词有没有错误,因为图表作文通常都要用到一些平时不常用的短语,注意看看有没有对图的描述还有没有其他的遗漏,如果有尽量作出一点补充。

如何描写图表作文

如何描写图表作文

如何描写图表作文
图表作文是一种特殊的文章形式,它结合了图形和文字,能让文章更加直观地表达内容,从而更有助于帮助读者理解作者所想传达的信息。

在学习如何正确描写图表作文时,有几个要点需要注意。

首先,要清楚所描写的图表类型,包括饼图、柱状图、折线图以及其他任何可能的图表。

这样做可以使您更容易理解图表的大意,然后写出更有层次的描述,从而更容易把重点传递给读者。

其次,要仔细分析图表中的信息,从而了解每个数据点的准确意义。

这一步对于正确描述图表内容至关重要,因为假如误读数据,就会出现错误的描述信息。

第三,要运用相关的语法结构,以更加准确地描述图表。

比如,如果图表显示某个元素占比例,可以用“数据显示,XXX占据了XX%”来组织观点;如果图表描述某个变量的变化趋势,可以用“数据表明,XXX的数据呈现XX的趋势”这一类的句式来描述。

最后,要把握好写作结构,如正文开头部分,要先简述图表的总体类别和整体内容,以便读者可以很快把握文章的重点;然后进行详细描述,让读者能清晰地理解图表中的各个数据点;最后要给出总结和归纳,把各个数据点联系到一起,以便最终形成一个完整的结论。

总之,描写图表作文需要考虑众多要点,不仅要正确处理文字,还要正确分析各个数据点的准确意义,需要结合读者的理解能力,注意使用熟悉的句式,以及关注文章的结构,努力将信息展示得更加清晰、准确。

只有掌握了这些技巧,才能写出一篇优秀的图表作文,最
终让读者得到最全面的信息。

图表作文写作攻略及必背模板句型

图表作文写作攻略及必背模板句型

图表作文写作攻略及必背模板句型1.写作攻略图表作文是英语写作中较为常见的题型之一,也是难度较大的一种写作题型。

写作考试时,这类作文一般也以三段式写作方法来组织文章,第一段总结归纳信息反映的整体情况,点出主题思想,第二段回答第一段所得出的问题,对数字、数据等做出有条理的分析比较,第三段做出总结或给以简单的评论。

表格和图表题型写作要点:(1)图表作文一般采用的时态为一般现在时,但如果图表中给出了具体时间参照,考生则应对时态进行相应的调整。

(2)图表作文有一些固定句型和表达法,考生应对此融会贯通。

(3)图表作文可以细分为表格,曲线图、柱形图和饼形图。

除了上述共同要点,考生还应了解这四种图在写作方面的不同特点。

⏹表格(table)可以表示多种事物的相互关系,所以考生要对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析,从中找出其变化规律。

⏹曲线图(diagram)常表示事物的变化趋势,考生应认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息,并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。

⏹柱形图(bar chart)用来表示各种事物的变化情况及相互关系,要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势,因此考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。

考生应清楚掌握部分与整体,部分与部分之间的相互关系,这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。

2006-2010年出国留学总人数:687600人从表格/图表中我们可以看到……The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 表格显示比去年上升了3倍。

According to /As is shown in the table / diagram/chart...如表格/图表中显示……The number is 5 times as much as that of...此数字是……的5倍。

图表作文思路

图表作文思路

一、表格图图表作文的写作要点1横向比较。

介绍横向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势2不需要将每一个数据分别说明,突出强调数据最大值和最小值3最对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的二、曲线图图表作文的写作要点1极点说明。

即,对图表当中最高的,最低的点要单独进行说明2趋势说明。

即,对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明,如上升,下降,波动,持平3交点说明。

即,对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明三、饼状图图表作文的写作要点1介绍各扇面及总体的关系2各个扇面之间的比较,同类扇面在不同时间,不同地点的比较3重点突出特点最明显的扇面:最大的,最小的,互相成倍的四、综合图图表作文的写作要点1不求甚解,不拘泥于细节2分门别类,分段落详细介绍各个图表3不画蛇添足,主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系以上就是这四类图表作文的写作要点介绍,对于各个图表的特点和描写的重点的不同进行了对比,大家可以在备考图表作文考试的时候,提前进行适当的参考和借鉴。

英语四级图表作文讲解及参考范文图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见,而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。

图表作文就是把非文字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文字信息的一种作文。

它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。

第一节图表作文的出题形式和写作要领一、图表作文常见出题形式图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图,有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示,要求我们:1)用文字描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势; 2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。

图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较,对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明,并提出结论或看法。

因此,图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。

写好图表作文,关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息,把握各信息间的联系,用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法。

图表作文的写作要领

图表作文的写作要领(1) 观察图表,确定主题句观察图表是为了准确地理解图表所传递的信息。

观察图表首先要看清楚图表的文字说明,然后仔细研究图表以发现数据的主要特征和变化趋势,以此来确定主题句。

(2) 选择典型材料仔细观察表中数据的变化,并加以比较和归纳,选出差距变化最大、最有意义、最能说明主题的信息。

避免过分详细,逐一罗列。

换句话说,并不是图表中的任何一个数字都要进行描述。

(3) 分类确定全文的时态图表有两类,一类是有时间参照的,另一类是无时间参照的。

有时间参照的图表一般在描写时用现在时,有时间参照的可有两种情况:①如果参照的时间在过去就用一般过去时态。

②虽有过去时间参照,但叙述的是经常出现的情况,这种情况整篇文章总的时态仍用现在时态。

(4) 熟练掌握常用套句和短语由于图表包含丰富的信息和各种各样的数据,要清楚有效地把它们呈现出来并不是一件容易的事情,尤其是数据以及发展趋势的变化。

考生应该熟练掌握常用套句和短语。

如果考生能够熟练运用这些套句和短语,自然会信心倍增,对图表作文的恐惧也就消失了。

写作流程第一段:描述图表反映的总情况。

(用能充分说明主题的典型数据描述图表)第二段:分析原因。

(仔细分析比较数字,归纳出增减速率并找出产生变化的原因)第三段:结论。

(得出结论或展望、预测发展趋势)范文与评析(1)---表格(table)作文Directions: You are required to write an essay with the topic “C hanges in the W ays P eople S pent T heir H oliday s. You should base your essay on the information from the table.Changes in the Ways People Spent Their Holidays From the table we could know that the ways people spent their holidays have changed greatly. In 2003, 40% people spent their holidays at home, but their number dropped to 10% in 2013. It was no doubt that people were becoming more and more mobile, and they wanted to get entertainment outside their homes.Seaside still had its attraction to people, though its rate dropped slightly from 40% in 2003 to 30% in 2013, and there might be a further decrease in the future because of the marine pollution. The table shows that a great number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad. The rate in 2013 doubled as compared with 2003. With the increase of their income, more and more people could afford their holidays abroad.The table also indicates another tendency: the rate of camping was rising from 10% in 2003 to 40% in 2013. The reason may be that the real beauty of nature was being rediscovered, and people were getting more and more interested in natural scenery. Based on the above analysis we could draw the conclusion that great changes have taken place in the ways people spent their holidays in the past ten years.范文与评析(2)--- 饼状图(pie chart)作文Popular Desserts in a University CafeteriaDirections: The above pie chart shows the percentage of popular desserts selected in a university cafeteria. Write an essay on the topic “Popular Desserts in a University Cafeteria”. You should base your essay on the information in the chart.Popular Desserts in a University CafeteriaThis pie chart shows the relative popularity of desserts served in a university cafeteria.I ce cream is the favorite among the dessert selections,accounting for 35% of all choices.Pie is the next most popular choice with 25%of all choices. These two items exceeded theremaining four selections in popularity. D oughnut is not so popular with only 10% of all choices, which is the same with pudding in popularity.The only natural fruit choice, the apple, is only a little more popular than the doughnut and is a selection of less than half of percentage in ice-cream.Fruit jelly was last in popularity among all choices.Even pudding proved to be twice as popular as fruit jelly. The relatively high popularity of ice cream and pie may be due in part to the fact that these desserts are not everyday diets in Chinese meals.Fruit jelly,apples, and doughnut are usually served at home.The relatively high standing of the apple in relation to pudding, doughnut,and fruit jelly may be due to parental or school training on nutrition.范文与评析(3)---线状图(line graph)作文Car Accidents in BeijingDirections: You are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the graph. The suggested title is: Car Accidents Declining in Beijing. Remember that your essay must be written according to the following outline:1) Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph.2) Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city.Car Accidents Declining in BeijingLast year, the rate of car accidents in Beijing reached the highest point 37 in August. After that the rate was steadily declining, and reached the lowest point 14 at the end of the year. The first three months of 2012 showed an increasing trend, and reached 30 in March, and then the rate declined to 26 in June. Then from June to August, the rate was rising from 24 to 37.The highest rate of 37 in August might be due to weather factors. Humidity and high temperature may make drivers become uncomfortable and impatient, which could easily lead to car accidents. The peak point in the first half of 2012 might be also caused by weather conditions. In Beijing, the excessive rain comes at early spring, which makes roads muddy and slippery, and these conditions may result in car accidents.This year the situation is expected to be changed. City government has raised money to improve the road conditions. Two new roads were built at the end of last year, and will soon open to cars. New road regulation stipulates that every car should be air-conditioned in summer. All these precautions account for car accidents declining in Beijing this year.范文与评析(4)---直方图(bar graph)作文Three Major Causes of Fire in ChinaHistogram 1Histogram 2Directions: The above diagram s show three major causes of fire in Guangzhou, these histograms indicate the numbers of fire and the extent of the damage involved, measured in terms of billions of Yuan. Study the two histograms above and draw whatever conclusion(s) you can. T he public interest may be one point to consider. Write an essay stating and supporting your conclusion(s).Three Major Causes of Fire in GuangzhouDespite of all the efforts that mankind has made over the years, fire continues to be a terrible killer in our modern society. From the two histograms above,which describe the leading causes of fires measured in both number of fires and total losses from thefires in Guangzhou, we could see that most fires are caused by smokers, defective insulation and children playing with matches.It is clearly shown in these two histograms that smokers were responsible for totally 10500 of the fires in the last two years, which caused about 5.5 billion Yuan worth of damage. Defective insulation caused more than 4500fires and children playing with matches led to about1000 fires. These results show that smok ers can be considered as the enemies of the whole society, especially when the public interest is taken into consideration.Comparing the figures of these two years, it will be safe to draw a conclusion that, although the number of fires in each category remained nearly the same, the fire losses caused by defective insulation were significantly lower than those in the previous year. O n the contrary, the fire losses in the case of children’s playing with matches were significantly higher than those in the previous year, even though there were fewer fires. T he average losses of a fire caused by smokers remained more or less the same, only showing a slightly increasing trend.Based on the brief analysis above, it can be concluded that, although smokers are the leading cause of fires, we still need to improve the insulation devices and educate our children on the dangers of playing with matches.常用表达句型:1)描述图标的句式(1) T he table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to...该表格描述了在...年到...年间...数量的变化。

四级图表作文的写作方法

四级图表作文的写作方法四级图表作文的写作方法在日常学习、工作抑或是生活中,大家都不可避免地会接触到作文吧,作文根据体裁的不同可以分为记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。

你写作文时总是无从下笔?下面是小编为大家收集的四级图表作文的写作方法,欢迎阅读与收藏。

一、柱状图写作技巧1、柱状图写作注重比较和对比,也就是说需要横向总结所有柱状图表的共性特征,也要分别描写各个柱子的个性特征。

2、有两种写作方式:其一是对不同时间段内的数据进行比较,适合于数据代表的物体较少且时间界限明确的.情况。

另外是对单独数据的全程描述,适合于描述数据对象很多且时间划定不清晰的情况。

柱状图数据描述句型举例:1) the bar chart shows the changes in the numberofover the period fromto该柱状图描述了在年之年间数量的变化。

2) the bar chart provides some interesting dataregarding该柱状图为我们提供了有关有趣数据。

3) this is a bar chart which describes the trend of该柱状图描述了的趋势。

4) As can be seen from the diagram,great changes have takenplace in从柱状图中可以看出,发生了巨大变化。

二、曲线图写作技巧1、曲线图是动态图,解题的切入点在于描述趋势;2、在开头部分对整个曲线进行一个阶段式的总分类;3、趋势说明。

即,对曲线的连续变化进行说明,如上升、下降、波动、持平。

以时间为比较基础的应抓住“变化”:上升、下降、或是波动;4、极点说明。

即对图表中最高的、最低的点单独进行说明。

不以时间为比较基础的应注意对极点的描述。

曲线图数据描述句型举例:1) The line chart depicts the changes in the number of……over the period from 20xx to 20xx.该曲线图描述了从20xx年到20xx年……数量的变化。

图表类作文写作方法


二是以图形形式 二是以图形形式 图形 A 表示数据变化的曲线图 表示数据变化的曲线图 曲线图; B 表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异 条形图; 的条形图 C 表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图。 表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图 扇形图。
图表类作文的形式及特点: 图表类作文的形式及特点:
是以表格(table)形式 表格(table)形式, 1) 是以表格(table)形式,将统计的数据或被说明 的事物直接用表格形式体现出来. 的事物直接用表格形式体现出来. 侧重于数据的排序。 侧重于数据的排序。
2004 Grain Milk Meat vegetable 49% 10% 17% 24% 2005 47% 12% 21% 22% 2006 45% 18% 28% 20% 2007 40% 30% 34% 20%
2004— 2007年人民饮食习惯变化表 2004 2007年人民饮食习惯变化表
2)表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的条状图 2)表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的条状图 表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的 (bar chart) 侧重于数据的对比. 侧重于数据的对比.
2000与2007年平均家庭开支情况变化表. 2000与2007年平均家庭开支情况变化表. 年平均家庭开支情况变化表
图表作文的一般结构: 图表作文的一般结构:
第一、 第一、 开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题 第二、 分析描写数据间的主要差异及趋势 第二、 第三、 第三、 归纳总结或发表评论
图表类说明文的写作步骤
分析数据间的主要差异及趋势然后描写在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题并阐明必要的理由
实战演练
星期一, 星期一, 我们开了个班会讨论 “上大学是高中 生唯一的出路吗? 以下图表是讨论结果. 生唯一的出路吗?” 以下图表是讨论结果

图表作文思路

一、表格图图表作文的写作要点1横向比较。

介绍横向各个数据的区别,变化和趋势2不需要将每一个数据分别说明,突出强调数据最大值和最小值3最对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的二、曲线图图表作文的写作要点1极点说明。

即,对图表当中最高的,最低的点要单独进行说明2趋势说明。

即,对图表当中曲线的连续变化进行说明,如上升,下降,波动,持平3交点说明。

即,对图表当中多根曲线的交点进行对比说明三、饼状图图表作文的写作要点1介绍各扇面及总体的关系2各个扇面之间的比较,同类扇面在不同时间,不同地点的比较3重点突出特点最明显的扇面:最大的,最小的,互相成倍的四、综合图图表作文的写作要点1不求甚解,不拘泥于细节2分门别类,分段落详细介绍各个图表3不画蛇添足,主观臆断或猜测图表之间的关系以上就是这四类图表作文的写作要点介绍,对于各个图表的特点和描写的重点的不同进行了对比,大家可以在备考图表作文考试的时候,提前进行适当的参考和借鉴。

英语四级图表作文讲解及参考范文图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见,而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。

图表作文就是把非文字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文字信息的一种作文。

它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。

第一节图表作文的出题形式和写作要领一、图表作文常见出题形式图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图,有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示,要求我们:1)用文字描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势; 2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。

图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较,对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明,并提出结论或看法。

因此,图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。

写好图表作文,关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息,把握各信息间的联系,用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法。

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英语四级图表作文的类型及参考范文图表作文也是四(六)级考试中常见,而且被认为是一种较难的作文形式。

图表作文就是把非文字信息(通常为各种图表表示的数字信息等)转换成文字信息的一种作文。

它要求我们用文字来描述非文字性的图表或对图表显示的关系作解释说明。

下面我们先来看一看图表作文的类型。

第一节图表作文的类型图表作文可分为两大类:表作文和图作文。

表作文表格(Table)可以使大量数据系统化,便于阅读、比较。

表格常由标题(Title)、表头(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、侧目(Stub)(表格左边的第一列)和主体(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分组成。

如下表:用表格表达的信息具体准确,而且表格中的各项均按一定规律排列。

阅读表格时要注意找出表格中各个项目的相互关系,表格中各个项目的变化规律。

例如,上面的表格中的数字说明,和1978年相比,1983年大学入学的人数在增加,而小学的入学人数在减少。

搞清楚这些变化规律也就读懂了表格的内容。

图作文图作文又可分为三种:圆形图作文、曲线图作文和条状图作文。

(1) 圆形图作文圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。

圆形图因为比较形象和直观,各部分空间大小差别容易分辨,所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。

整个圆表示总量,楔形块表示分量。

有时圆形图还有数值表,两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚。

例如:This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.(2) 曲线图作文曲线图(Line graph)也称为线性图或坐标图。

曲线图最适合表示两个变量之间关系的发展过程和趋势。

一般来说,曲线所呈现的形状比某一点所代表的变量的值更有意义。

曲线图有横轴和纵轴。

一般先看横轴所代表的数量或时间等,然后再看纵轴所显示的意义。

同时必须找出线条所反映的最高或最低的变化。

例如:这个曲线图的横轴代表1990年的不同的月份,纵轴代表交通事故的数量。

从交通事故曲线图上可知,前八个月的交通事故的数量有升有降。

曲线图在八月份升到了最高点(39),此后一直呈下降的趋势,十二月份降到了最低点(16)。

可见,1990年的交通事故的数量总体上呈下降的趋势。

(3) 条形图作文条形图(Bar graph)也称为立柱图或圆柱图。

条形图由宽度相同但长度不同的条块代表不同的量。

当要比较几个项目或量时,常用不同颜色来区分。

条形图主要用来表示:1)同一项目在不同时间的量;2)同一时间不同项目的量。

阅读条形图时,要先看图例,再看横轴、纵横各代表什么量,每一个刻度所代表的值是多少,最后找出图中各长条所表示的数据及各长条间的相互关系。

例如:左边的条形图的横轴代表时间,纵轴代表期望寿命(Life Expectancy),这一条形图想要体现的是同一项目(期望寿命)在不同时间的量。

右边的条形图的横轴也是代表时间,纵轴是代表婴儿的死亡率(Infant Mortality),这一条形图想要体现的也是同一项目(婴儿的死亡率)在不同时间的量。

左边的条形图表明1990年的人均期望寿命比1960年的人均期望寿命长20岁,而1990年的婴儿死亡率比1960年的婴儿死亡率下降了50%。

第二节图表作文的出题形式我们先来看几个四(六)级考试中的图表作文的例子。

例1 题目:Changes in People’s Diet (1991年6月四级试题)Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to :1. state the changes in people’s diet (饮食) in the past five years;2. give possible reasons for the changes;3. draw your own conclusions.You should quote as few figures as possible.例2 题目:Car Accidents Declining in Walton City (1991年6月6级试题)Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;2. Possible reason(s) for the decline of car accidents in the city;3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese):1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况2. 说明引起变化的各种原因从以上例子可见,图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图,有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示,要求我们:1)用文字描述图表,客观解释图表中所传递的信息,并找出某种规律或趋势;2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。

第三节图表作文的写作要领图表作文着重说明事实,常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较,对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明,并提出结论或看法。

因此,图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。

写好图表作文,关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息,把握各信息间的联系,用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来,并就这一信息发表自己的看法。

图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时,要注意遵循以下步骤:1)认真分析图表的含义,弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;2)确定文章的主题思想,构思出文章的基本框架,筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;3)编列文章的提纲;4)根据文章的提纲,将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落,然后将各个段落组成文章,注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;5)检查与修改。

图表作文的篇章结构写图表作文时,常采用三段式的谋篇方式。

文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势,概述图表所揭示的信息。

第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因。

第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议。

这一结构可以简单地表述为:第一段:概述图表反映的主题思想第二段:分析产生的原因第三段:展望未来或提出方法或建议图表作文常用的句型(1)常用的开篇句型(即概述图表内容时常用的表达法)① According to the table/pie chart/line graph/bar graph, we can see/conclude that …根据该表/图,我们可知……② The table/graph reveals (shows/indicates/illustrates/ represents/points out) that …该表/图表明……③ As we can see from the table …As can be seen from the line/bar graph …As is shown (illustrated/indicated) in the pie chart …如表/图所示,……(2) 描述增减变化常用的句型① Compared with … is still increased by …② The number of … grew/rose from … to …③ An increase is shown in …; then came a sharp increase of …④ In … the number remains the same/drops to …⑤ There was a very slight (small/slow/gradual) rise/increase in 1990.⑥ There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/decline/fall/reduction) in 1998/ compared with that of last year).好,下面我们来看一篇根据例2的题目要求写的范文。

⑴From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. ⑵The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. ⑶The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. ⑷From June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. ⑸After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. ⑹Therefore, it’s obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.⑴主题句/概述表格反映的内容⑵—(5)反映交通事故的变化情况(6)小结:总结表格数据反映的总趋势⑺There are several reasons for the decline. ⑻First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. ⑼It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. ⑽As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. ⑾Second, new roads were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. ⑿Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten people’s awareness of observing traffic rules.⑺主题句⑻原因/措施一⑼解释措施一/次要辅助⑽采取措施一后的结果⑾原因/措施二⑿原因/措施三⒀With all these new measures, I’m sure the rate of car accidents in Walton city will go on falling this year.⒀总结:展望未来的情况第四节、图表作文练习及其参考范文下面我们进行写作练习。

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