增值税进项税额转出的几种情况
关于进项税额转出的会计分录怎么做

关于进项税额转出的会计分录怎么做在企业的财务处理中,进项税额转出是一个常见但又较为复杂的业务。
理解并正确处理进项税额转出的会计分录,对于准确核算企业的税费、保证财务报表的真实性和合规性具有重要意义。
接下来,咱们就详细说一说进项税额转出的会计分录到底应该怎么做。
首先,咱们得明白啥是进项税额转出。
简单来说,进项税额转出就是原本已经抵扣的进项税额,因为某些特定的原因,不能再抵扣了,就得从进项税额中转出来,计入相关的成本或者费用。
那哪些情况下需要进行进项税额转出呢?常见的情况有:购进的货物或者劳务用于非增值税应税项目、免征增值税项目、集体福利或者个人消费;非正常损失的购进货物及相关的应税劳务;非正常损失的在产品、产成品所耗用的购进货物或者应税劳务;等等。
咱们先来说说购进货物用于集体福利的情况。
假设企业购买了一批办公用品,取得了增值税专用发票,进项税额为 1000 元,价款为10000 元。
后来这批办公用品被用于职工福利。
那么,当初抵扣的进项税额 1000 元就得转出来。
会计分录这样做:借:应付职工薪酬——职工福利 11000贷:库存商品 10000应交税费——应交增值税(进项税额转出) 1000再比如说,企业购进的一批原材料,因为管理不善发生了非正常损失。
这批原材料的成本是 5000 元,进项税额 650 元。
这时候的会计分录如下:借:待处理财产损溢 5650贷:原材料 5000应交税费——应交增值税(进项税额转出) 650处理完损失后,如果是由责任人赔偿一部分,比如赔偿 2000 元,其余损失由企业承担,那么后续的会计分录是:借:其他应收款 2000管理费用 3650贷:待处理财产损溢 5650还有一种情况,如果是购进的货物改变用途,用于非增值税应税项目,比如企业将自产的产品用于建造厂房。
产品的成本是 8000 元,市场售价是 10000 元,增值税税率为 13%。
那么,进项税额转出的金额就是 1040 元(8000×13%)。
上年度进项税转出分录(3篇)

第1篇一、引言在企业的税务管理中,进项税转出是一个常见的税务处理环节。
所谓进项税转出,是指企业在购进货物或接受服务时,已抵扣的进项税额因各种原因需要转出,重新计入当期应纳税所得额。
本文将详细解析上年度进项税转出的会计分录处理,以帮助企业准确地进行税务核算。
二、进项税转出的原因1. 购进货物或接受服务的进项税额计算错误;2. 购进货物或接受服务的用途不符合税法规定;3. 购进货物或接受服务的进项税额抵扣时间不符合税法规定;4. 购进货物或接受服务的进项税额抵扣比例不符合税法规定;5. 购进货物或接受服务的进项税额抵扣范围不符合税法规定;6. 其他需要转出的进项税额。
三、上年度进项税转出分录处理以下以某企业为例,说明上年度进项税转出的会计分录处理。
1. 购进货物或接受服务的进项税额计算错误假设某企业在上年度购进一批原材料,原进项税额为10,000元,实际应抵扣的进项税额为8,000元。
以下是该笔业务的会计分录:借:应交税费——应交增值税(进项税额转出)2,000贷:原材料 2,0002. 购进货物或接受服务的用途不符合税法规定假设某企业在上年度购进一批固定资产,原进项税额为10,000元,但该笔购进不符合税法规定的用途,需要转出进项税额。
以下是该笔业务的会计分录:借:应交税费——应交增值税(进项税额转出)10,000贷:固定资产 10,0003. 购进货物或接受服务的进项税额抵扣时间不符合税法规定假设某企业在上年度购进一批原材料,原进项税额为10,000元,但该笔购进不符合税法规定的抵扣时间,需要转出进项税额。
以下是该笔业务的会计分录:借:应交税费——应交增值税(进项税额转出)10,000贷:原材料 10,0004. 购进货物或接受服务的进项税额抵扣比例不符合税法规定假设某企业在上年度购进一批原材料,原进项税额为10,000元,但该笔购进不符合税法规定的抵扣比例,需要转出进项税额。
以下是该笔业务的会计分录:借:应交税费——应交增值税(进项税额转出)10,000贷:原材料 10,0005. 购进货物或接受服务的进项税额抵扣范围不符合税法规定假设某企业在上年度购进一批原材料,原进项税额为10,000元,但该笔购进不符合税法规定的抵扣范围,需要转出进项税额。
什么是进项税额转出转到哪了怎么做账

什么是进项税额?进项税额,是指纳税人购进货物、加工修理修配劳务、服务、无形资产或者不动产,支付或者负担的增值税额。
进项税额=(外购原料、燃料、动力)*税率。
可以抵扣的增值税进项税额是什么意思?抵扣进项税额是指企业在生产经营过程中购进原辅材料、销售产品发生的税额后,在计算应缴税额时,在销项增值税中应减去的进项增值税额,简称进项税。
进项税就是购进货物时所发生的税金,可以和销项税抵,如进项税多可做为留抵税,用于以后月份抵,若销项税多则应向税务部门交纳税款。
应交增值税=销项税-进项税,现举例说明这个计算公式:1.企业为一般纳税人,发生购入原材料做:借:原材料100借:应交税费-应交增值税(进项税额)17贷:银行存款1172.当企业销售产品该产品时做借:银行存款234贷:主营业务收入200贷;应交税费-应交增值税(销项税额)343,当计算企业当期应交增值税时:应交增值税=销项税-进项税即:公司本来应交34元的销项税,当在购货是有17元的进项税可以抵扣,因此现在只要交34-17=17元借:应交税费-应交增值税17贷:银行存款17准予抵扣的进项税额是什么?进项税额是指纳税人购进货物或应税劳务所支付或者承担的增值税税额。
所说购进货物或应税劳务包括外购(含进口)货物或应税劳务、以物易物换入货物、抵偿债务收入货物、接受投资转入的货物、接受捐赠转入的货物以及在购销货物过程当中支付的运费。
在确定进项税额抵扣时,必须按税法规定严格审核。
税额抵扣又称“税额扣除”、“扣除税额”,是指纳税人按照税法规定,在计算缴纳税款时对于以前环节缴纳的税款准予扣除的一种税收优惠。
由于税额抵扣是对已缴纳税款的全部或部分抵扣,是一种特殊的免税、减税,因而又称之为税额减免。
注:税额扣除与税项扣除不同,前者从应纳税款中扣除一定数额的税款,后者是从应纳税收入中扣除一定金额。
因此,在数额相同的情况下,税额抵扣要比税项扣除少缴纳一定数额的税款。
以上就是关于什么是进项税额的详细介绍,更多与进项税额有关的内容,请继续关注本店,希望本文对你有所帮助。
进项税额转出会计分录

进项税额转出会计分录1. 背景进项税额是企业在购买商品或接受服务时支付的增值税,可以抵扣销售商品或提供服务所应纳的增值税。
然而,在某些情况下,企业无法将进项税额完全抵扣,出现了无法抵扣的进项税额。
为了解决这个问题,税法对无法抵扣的进项税额进行了转出处理。
2. 进项税额转出原因以下情况下,企业需要将进项税额进行转出处理:•某些特定行业或项目不允许抵扣进项税额;•企业销售的部分商品或提供的服务免征增值税;•企业进行非经营性支出,无法抵扣进项税额。
3. 进项税额转出会计处理进项税额转出的会计处理以会计分录的形式记录在企业的账簿中。
根据税法规定,进项税额转出涉及以下两个账户:•应交税费科目:用于记录企业应交的税费。
在进项税额转出时,应交税费账户中的金额会增加。
•税金及附加科目:用于记录企业支付的各种税金及附加,包括进项税额。
在进项税额转出时,税金及附加账户中的金额会减少。
根据具体情况,进项税额转出可能需要同时涉及其他相关科目的会计处理。
4. 进项税额转出的会计分录示例假设有一家企业在购买办公用品时支付了100元的进项税额,由于办公用品属于无法抵扣进项税额的项目,需要进行进项税额转出。
以下是进项税额转出的会计分录示例:日期 | 科目 | 借方金额 | 贷方金额 |--------|--------------|---------------|---------------|11月1日 | 应交税费 | | 100元 || 税金及附加 | 100元 | |根据上述分录,将进项税额100元转出时,应交税费账户增加了100元,税金及附加账户减少了100元。
5. 进项税额转出的影响进项税额转出对企业的财务状况和税务申报有一定的影响:•财务状况:进项税额转出会增加企业的应交税费,对企业的现金流造成一定的影响。
•税务申报:企业需要在税务申报时将进项税额转出进行抵扣,以减少应纳税额。
6. 总结进项税额转出是指企业将无法抵扣的进项税额转出进行会计处理的操作。
进项税额转出到底怎么个转法儿

进项税额转出到底怎么个转法儿导读:进项税额转出怎样转对纳税人最有利?全面推开营改增后,为数不少的纳税人,既有一般计税方法计税项目,又有简易计税方法计税项目或免税项目,与此相对应的关注比较多的一个问题是,兼用于上述不同计税方法计税项目的进项税额应如何处理?从进项税额的产生来源看,可以分为两大类,一类是固定资产、无形资产和不动产,姑且称之为长期资产;另一类是货物、劳务和服务,姑且称之为其他进项.对于长期资产,兼用于不同计税方法计税项目的,其进项税额可以全额抵扣,这一点当无异议.而对于兼用于不同计税方法计税项目的除长期资产以外的其他进项,其进项税额需要按照一定的标准进行划分.除房地产开发企业以外的纳税人,根据财税〔2016〕36号文第29条,按照下列公式计算不得抵扣的进项税额:不得抵扣的进项税额=当期无法划分的全部进项税额(当期简易计税方法计税项目销售额+免征增值税项目销售额)当期全部销售额主管税务机关可以按照上述公式依据年度数据对不得抵扣的进项税额进行清算.在实际操作中贯彻以上规定,要把握以下三个要点:其一,只有「无法划分的」进项税额才需要按照上述公式进行划分.可以明确划分的进项税额,不得按照上述公式计算.那么,什么样的进项税额是可以明确划分的?例1 建筑业企业当期购进原材料100吨,其中30吨用于简易计税方法计税的老项目,10吨用于免税的境外项目,60吨用于一般计税方法计税的非甲供新项目,这种情形就属于可以明确划分,40吨对应的进项税额转出,60吨对应的进项税额全额抵扣.例2 机械租赁公司当期购进油料100升,其中30升用于简易计税方法计税的出租挖机,70升用于一般计税方法计税计税的出租挖机,这种情形也属于可以明确划分,30升对应的进项税额转出,70升对应的进项税额全额抵扣.那么,什么样的进项税额属于无法划分的?一般意义上,可以界定为受益对象不明确的费用性支出,大体上对应于公司总部发生的三类费用,以及生产车间、项目部发生的制造费用.如差旅费中的住宿费、办公用房租金、办公费、低值易耗品、直接收费金融服务、水费、电费等.其二,公式中「不得抵扣的比例」,即(当期简易计税方法计税项目销售额+免征增值税项目销售额)当期全部销售额,是以「销售额」为口径计算的,对应于当期纳税申报表附列资料(一)和主表中的「销售额」,而且是扣除差额项目之前的口径,也就是全额口径.由此带来的一个问题是,在按月作进项税额转出的现实情况下,纳税人某一月或连续几月申报表中一般计税方法计税项目的「销售额」有可能均为零,也就是当期销售额全部为简易计税方法销售额或免税销售额,公式中「不得抵扣的比例」就变成了100%,也就是说,对应期间所有的进项税额需要全部转出.但是,从理论上分析,当期所发生的费用毫无疑问的将惠及此后期间的一般计税方法计税项目,仅仅因为当期一般计税方法计税项目未发生纳税义务,从而在纳税申报表中销售额没有数据,就根据公式计算结果将所有的进项税额机械的转出,显然是不合理的.怎么办,莫急,往下看.其三,主管税务机关可以按照上述公式依据年度数据对不得抵扣的进项税额进行清算.这一条规定的意思是,纳税人按月转出进项税额与按年度转出进项税额有可能会产生差异,主管税务机关可以在年度终了按照年度数据进行清算,并对差异进行调整.这一条规定,看似解决了上一个问题,可是仔细想想,又有新问题.清算的结果无非两种情况,一是转出转少了,二是转出转多了,转少了要补转,转多了呢?能再转入吗?众所周知,根据我国目前增值税政策,除长期资产「进项税额」存在转入的可能性外,对于其他业务的进项税额,一旦转出,再也回不来.那怎么办?个人建议:加强增值税的时间管理力度,充分利用发票认证时间,合理规划纳税义务发生时间,在保证按照年度数据计算转出金额正确的前提下,尽量降低月度进项税额转出的金额.只能说到这个程度了.。
进项税转出的范围

进项税转出的范围
进项税转出是指企业根据税法规定,将其购买的货物或服务发生的增值税税额从应交税额中减除的一种税收政策。
进项税转出的范围主要包括以下几个方面。
进项税转出范围包括企业购买的货物。
企业在生产经营过程中购买的原材料、辅助材料、半成品等货物,其增值税税额可以转出。
这些货物是企业生产经营的基础,转出增值税税额可以减轻企业的负担,提高其竞争力。
进项税转出范围还包括企业购买的服务。
服务业在国民经济中占据越来越重要的地位,企业购买的各类服务,如运输、仓储、广告、咨询等,其增值税税额也可以转出。
这样可以鼓励企业加大对服务业的投入,促进服务业的发展。
进项税转出范围还包括企业自用物品。
企业为了生产经营需要,购买的自用物品,如办公设备、生产设备等,其增值税税额也可以转出。
这样可以鼓励企业更新设备,提高生产效率,推动企业的技术进步。
进项税转出范围还包括企业进口的货物和服务。
企业进口的货物和服务,按照税法规定,可以进行进项税转出。
这样可以减轻企业进口成本,增强企业的国际竞争力。
进项税转出的范围涵盖了企业购买的货物、服务和自用物品,以及
进口的货物和服务。
这样的政策可以减轻企业的税负,促进企业的发展。
企业应根据税法规定,合理利用进项税转出政策,提高经营效益,实现可持续发展。
增值税进项税额转出的几种情况
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崔
洁 赵 新贵
法对 “ 正常损 失”采用 的是 “ 非 正列举 ” 元 ,同时存 货 的进项 税 额也 可 以抵扣 ; 2 电线被烧毁 , 发生非正 常损 失已成事 的方法 , 税法没有列举 的就不属 “ 正常 ( ) 非 损失”。但一些特殊情况下发生的损失究 实 , 所以其进项税 额10 0 70 元应全部转 出, 竟是否 “ 非正常 损失”, 以及如何 转 出已 保险赔偿也 不应计提销项税额。
灭失 外 , 即使是 作为废 品 , 也是具有 一定 此 企业获得 的该保 险补偿并不 涉及 流转 处理价值 的, 那么此时存货 的进项税额是 税 , 不应计提销 项税额 , 只需 计入应 纳税 否需要转出 税额 I 0 . 7
抵扣 的进项税 额 , 仍是需 要分析 、 研究 和
进项税转出的范围
进项税转出的范围
进项税转出的范围主要包括以下几个方面:
1.用于非应税项目,如不动产的构建等。
当企业购买的货物或接受的劳务用于非应税项目时,这些进项税额不能抵扣,需要转出。
2.用于免税项目。
如果企业购买的货物或接受的劳务用于免税项目,那么这些进项税额也不能抵扣,需要转出。
免税项目是指按照国家规定不征收增值税的项目。
3.用于集体福利或个人消费。
企业购买的货物或接受的劳务如果用于集体福利或个人消费,那么这些进项税额同样不能抵扣,需要转出。
这包括企业为员工提供的福利、个人消费等。
4.购进货物、在产品、产成品等发生非正常损失。
如果企业购进的货物、在产品、产成品等因管理不善或其他原因遭受非正常损失,如被盗、丢失、霉烂变质等,那么与这些损失相关的进项税额也不能抵扣,需要转出。
5.纳税人未按照规定的时限办理认证或申报抵扣。
如果企业未按照规定的时限办理认证或申报抵扣,导致进项税额无法抵扣,那么这些进项税额也需要转出。
6.购进贷款服务、餐饮服务、居民日常服务和娱乐服务。
这些服务项目的进项税额也不能抵扣,需要转出。
7.财政部和国家税务总局规定的其他情形。
除了以上几种情况外,财政部和国家税务总局还可能规定其他需要转出进项税额的情形。
需要注意的是,进项税转出强调的是“一进一出,进出相等”。
企业在会计处理时,要仔细分辨企业业务是否属于以上情形之一,如果购进的货物或应税劳务属于以上事项(除了遭到非正常损失外)之一,就不要在购进业务时抵扣进项税,而是应该计入相关的成本或费用账户。
以上信息仅供参考,具体的相关信息和最新要求请以官方发布的信息为准。
进项税额转出做账方法
进项税额转出做账方法进项税额转出是企业在申请税务优惠政策或者发生特殊情况下,需要将已经享受到的进项税额进行转出的一种会计处理方式。
本文将详细介绍进项税额转出的做账方法。
进项税额是指企业购买的货物或者接受的服务所包含的增值税税额,可以用于抵扣销项税额。
一般情况下,企业可以根据实际的购买金额申请抵扣相应的进项税额。
但是,在某些情况下,企业可能需要将已经抵扣的进项税额进行转出。
首先,进项税额转出需要满足一定的条件。
根据《中华人民共和国增值税法》第36条的规定,以下情况可以进行进项税额转出:1. 企业享受到税务优惠政策,但是实际发生的进项税额超过了享受优惠政策的范围,需要将超过部分进行转出。
2. 企业购买的固定资产或者无形资产在一定期限内进行转让、转移、报废或者不再使用,需要将对应的进项税额进行转出。
3. 企业购买的货物或者接受的服务与生产经营无关,或者无法计入成本费用的,需要将相关的进项税额进行转出。
在满足上述条件的情况下,企业需要按照以下步骤进行进项税额的转出:第一步,填制《进项税额转出凭证》。
进项税额转出是一种会计凭证记账的操作,企业需要填写《进项税额转出凭证》来记录这一操作。
在凭证上需要明确注明转出的金额、转出的原因以及相关的会计科目。
第二步,根据规定的科目进行分录。
转出的进项税额需要根据会计凭证上的信息进行相应的科目分录。
一般情况下,可以选择应交税费科目或者其他相关的费用科目进行分录。
第三步,核对凭证并进行会计账簿的登记。
在进行分录操作之后,需要核对凭证的正确性,并将相关的会计凭证信息登记到会计账簿中。
这一步是确保进项税额转出记录的准确性和完整性的关键步骤。
第四步,定期进行核对和结算。
进项税额转出是一种有限制的操作,企业需要定期进行核对和结算,确保转出操作的合规性。
在进行年度汇算清缴或者返还进项税额的时候,需要对已经转出的进项税额进行相关的处理。
总之,进项税额转出是企业在特定情况下需要进行的一种会计处理方式。
增值税进项税额转出的几种情况(SeveralcasesofVATinputtaxrollout)
增值税进项税额转出的几种情况(Several cases of VAT input taxroll out)Several cases of VAT input tax roll outThe VAT tax deduction system will be adopted in value-added tax in China, but under certain circumstances, the amount of input tax paid by taxpayers has to be turned out. At present, the amount of input tax transferred mainly in the following situations: (1) for taxpayers who purchase goods and products, products of non normal loss; (2) the goods or taxable services for taxpayers who purchase the change of use, such as for non taxable items, tax exempt items or collective welfare and personal consumption. This kind of situation has two input tax deductible is to turn out, is not because the original purchase of goods or taxable services have VAT input tax deduction, has lost the source of credit. Other circumstances out of input tax need, commercial enterprises receive Pingxiao rebate supply enterprises, export enterprises should be included in the cost of main business should not be exempted from tax deduction and calculation according to the "exemption, credit and refund" approach. In this paper, the first two cases of tax input tax issues related to an analysis.I. about abnormal lossesThe implementation of the VAT regulations according to "rules", "non normal loss" refers to the normal production and operation in the process of loss and loss, including: (1) loss of natural disasters; (2) caused by theft or deterioration and loss of poor management; (3) other non normal loss. The tax law uses"positive enumeration" for "abnormal losses". The tax law does not list "abnormal losses"". However, it is still necessary to analyze, study and judge whether the losses in some special cases are abnormal or not and how to turn out the amount of input tax that has been deducted.(1) if there is still some value to be paid for the damaged inventory, how can the input tax be transferred out?Generally speaking, the damaged inventory, except for the loss of goods, even if it is used as a waste, is also of certain processing value. Then, will the input tax of the inventory be transferred out? How should it be transferred out?Example 1.. An enterprise is a general taxpayer of value-added tax. It purchases a batch of 100 thousand yuan worth of wires, and the input tax is 17 thousand yuan. Due to fire in the warehouse, all the wires were burned, and the enterprise will scrap the metal as a waste, and get 5850 yuan. The financial department of the unit believes that the residual metal shall be paid in accordance with the regulations, and the amount of input tax in the corresponding portion can be deducted without turning out. The calculation process of burned wires for the VAT items: scrap metal does not tax the income of 5850 / (1+17%) =5000 yuan, VAT 5000 * 17%=850 yuan, should be transferred out of the input tax of 17000 * (100000-5000), 100000=16150 yuan, 17000-16150=850 yuan can offset the amount of input tax, output tax is equal to the processing of scrap metal that is, scrap metal and 0. VAT payableThis view seems reasonable, but there is no basis in law, andthe cost of purchasing and processing of waste stock income is not comparable to the difference between the actual cost of inventory damage is not appropriate. The burned wires, has lost its purpose, not to enter the next circulation normal, due to natural disasters "obviously belong to the VAT regulations" in the "non normal loss", the VAT should all turn out, at the same time, the treatment of residual metal should be in accordance with the regulations provided the output tax: 5850 83019 (1+17% * 17%=850 yuan).(two) whether or not the loss of the insured goods shall be transferred out of the input tax?2. cases of 1 cases for the enterprise, assuming the wires have been investment property insurance, and insurance compensation 58500 yuan, for the treatment of VAT has two points: (1) the insurance company compensation shall be regarded as sales, according to the amount of compensation subject to VAT: 58500 / (1+17%) * 17%=8500 yuan, at the same time input the amount of inventory can also be deducted; (2) the wire was burned, the abnormal losses has become a reality, so the input tax amount of 17000 yuan should all turn out, insurance compensation should not subject to vat.In the case of non full compensation by the insurance company, the calculation of the first view is obviously more advantageous to the enterprise. But in the stock of natural disasters has damaged the case, make the input tax turn is not only the requirements of the tax law, and inventory damage would not be possible since the realization of sales, so the insurance companies to obtain compensation does not involve tax, shouldnot be subject to VAT, only included in taxable income. So I think the second treatment is correct.(three) whether the goods confiscated or forced to be purchased at low prices shall be transferred out of the input tax amount;In China, some special commodities have been put into operation and the restrictions on the circulation of some commodities have also been limited. Without the permit to operate the relevant goods, or to prohibit the circulation of goods shipped to other places, may be confiscated, or by the relevant government departments at a low price to force the acquisition.Should the goods confiscated or purchased at a low price be transferred out of the input tax as abnormal loss?Example 3. A goods operated by an enterprise are prohibited from circulating goods in different places. The enterprise will be a number of 100 thousand yuan worth of A goods shipped to a place, sales, the local industry and commerce departments investigated and dealt with, and was 50 thousand yuan at a low price to force the acquisition. Enterprises in the tax treatment, to buy cheap goods A as "non normal loss", from the input tax 17 thousand yuan, at the same time, think that sales is not achieved, and therefore not subject to vat.The author thinks, this enterprise is handled like this is undeserved. The goods were confiscated, does not belong to the tax law are "non normal loss" category; at the same time, the goods were confiscated, it doesn't mean it pulled out of the normal circulation, to auction in the relevant departments, thegoods will continue to carry out normal circulation, so for the confiscation of goods, enterprises should according to the sales processing, subject to vat. But according to the business sector, the purchase price of 50 thousand yuan subject to VAT, the tax department will take "the price is obviously low and without proper justification and requirements according to the approved sales to adjust its output tax? I think, on the one hand, the price is "significantly lower", on the other hand, goods are not enterprises compulsory acquisition of subjective will to decide, is the direct result of the illegal operation, so the price is significantly lower "should be" no justification ", according to the approved sales should adjust its output tax.(four) if taxpayers sell goods at low prices, should they turn out the input tax according to "abnormal losses"?Due to the upgrading of products, structural adjustment, and changes in the market, taxpayers tend to be low, even lower than the sale price of products cost, in this case, the State Administration of Taxation issued "2002" No. 1103 made clear, namely "if liquidity is not lost or damaged, just because the market changes, lower prices, value to reduce the amount of" do not belong to the implementation of the "Provisional Regulations on value added tax" rules for "non normal loss", not transferred out as the input taxes. But there is a case for practice, namely the damage of inventory, in addition to theft and other reasons the loss occurs, as long as the goods still exist, or there are remnants of 1 cases, as the example, there is a point value, the taxpayer is likely to abuse the No. 1103 without input tax turn and, in accordance with the low pricesales subject to vat. Now that the goods have been processed, the tax authorities will have to investigate and confirm the reasons for the low price treatment. Therefore, if the taxpayer does sell the goods at a low price due to the reasons stated in Clause 1103, he shall promptly report it to the tax authorities to avoid unnecessary tax disputes.Two, when the input tax out of inventoriesAccording to the "enterprise accounting system", the enterprise inventory should be regular inventory, inventory loss before check the account should be transferred to the "pending the processing of property loss". Then the loss of inventory whether the input tax shall be transferred to "pending property loss"? "System" is not clear, and the word "1993" accounting No. 83 "Regulations" on the accounting treatment of VAT regulations, enterprises "purchase of goods, products, finished products of non normal loss...... The input tax amount shall be transferred to the relevant subjects and debited to the profit or loss of the property to be processed,......". But have not yet been identified in the inventory, and can not determine whether the loss of inventory is a "non normal loss", and if it is normal loss, the VAT does not need to transfer, if the loss is the amount of input tax all turn out, it may cause damage to the interests of the enterprise. So the author believes that the inventory loss in the cost of inventories should only be transferred to the "pending property loss", as the input tax of stock, to find out the reason, then determine whether to roll out. Of course, this is also the case in practice, in order to reduce the loss of corporate assets, the carrying amount of the assets, but alsoin order to delay the input tax will turn out, loss of inventory losses are long-term without treatment, which is not in accordance with the provisions of the accounting system and tax law. The provisions of the "enterprise accounting system", the enterprise gains or loss of assets shall be in the final check to find out the reason disposed of; tax law, the State Administration of Taxation Decree No. thirteenth of pre tax deduction of property losses of enterprises "procedures" also stipulates that the property should be in the loss occurred when the annual tax deductible. So if the enterprise will not be long-term credit loss of assets, not only violates the provisions of the accounting system, tax deduction does not meet the requirements, will eventually make their own tax suffered losses.Three, change the use of the purchase of goods or taxable services, the amount of input tax transferred outIf the purchased goods or taxable services have been deducted from the input tax amount, if the change is used, that is, for the tax-free, non taxable items, collective welfare or personal consumption, the amount of the input tax deducted shall be turned out.The implementation of the VAT regulations according to "rules", in this case the input tax turn there are several methods: (1) the taxpayer can accurately divide the VAT shall not be deductible, it can be used to purchase goods have deductible input tax turn. (2) if the amount of input tax can not be determined accurately, the amount of the input tax shall be deducted according to the actual cost of the consumed stock.Second methods, a calculation from input tax base is greater than the first, because the actual cost of inventory, not only include the purchase price, including before the storage of transport fees, sorting and other costs; on the other hand, in the consumption of stocks in different tax rates, such as both 17% and 13% for goods. There are waste materials for 10%, for 7% of the freight, is from the high income tax at the rate of 17% is calculated from the input tax, so second methods of calculating the input tax turn out higher than the first method to calculate the transfer. The accuracy of accounting is important to the enterprise's tax payment, which is also evident. (3) for taxpayers engaged in tax exempt and non taxable items shall be transferred out and cannot accurately determine the amount of input tax, "" rules for the implementation of the provisions of the regulations on value added tax, input tax shall be calculated according to the following formula: out of all the input tax exemption and non taxable items * month / month sales total sales. "2005" tax No. 165 "on the value-added tax issues notice" the formula is amended as follows: (all the input tax - month can be accurately divided for VAT taxable items, tax exempt items and non taxable items) x (month tax-free sales, non taxable items tax total / month, total sales the total sales tax) + month can be accurately divided for exemption and non taxable items vat. This calculation should be more reasonable than the original formula, and the calculation result is more accurate, but it can not be said that the input tax amount calculated by the latter is definitely less than that calculated by the original formula.Example 4., a taxpayer produces duty-free products C and taxable products D, the same month the amount of input tax 5million yuan, which can accurately determine the input tax amount for C products 1 million yuan, for D products, the amount of input tax 2 million 500 thousand yuan. That month, C product sales 15 million yuan, D products sales of 25 million yuan.According to the original formula, the input tax amount is 500 x 1500/ (1500+2500) =187.5 yuan;According to the revised formula, the amount of input tax is calculated: (500-100-250) * 1500/ (1500+2500) +100=156.25 yuan. The latter is smaller than the former.Assumptions can be accurately determined for C product input tax of 1 million 500 thousand yuan, according to the original formula for calculating the input tax transferred is 1 million 875 thousand yuan; input tax calculated out according to the modified formula: (500-150-250) * 1500/ (1500+2500) +150=187.5 yuan. The results of the two calculations are consistent.Assumptions can be accurately determined for C product input tax of 1 million 600 thousand yuan, according to the original formula for calculating the input tax transferred is 1 million 875 thousand yuan; input tax calculated out according to the modified formula: (500-160-250) * 1500/ (1500+2500)+160=193.75 yuan. The latter is larger than the former.A few more points to note here are:1. the State Administration of Taxation issued 1995 No. 288 "questions of value added tax" has been provided, calculating out the input tax in the implementation of the VAT regulationsaccording to the "rules", if the monthly imbalance occurs between the purchase and sale of VAT shall not be deductible not calculated in real time, the tax authorities may take measures for liquidation of the annual monthly calculation data adjustment. It should be said that, in accordance with Article 165 of the calculated monthly VAT shall not be deductible, in between the purchase and sale of imbalance will occur when the calculation is not the real situation, although No. 165 is not clear whether it should be adjusted according to the provisions of article 288, the author thinks that it should be adjusted according to the annual settlement measures on monthly calculation data.In 2. can correctly classify the VAT shall not be deductible in the transfer case, according to the amount of input tax rate calculation, such as income tax, shipping waste materials, agricultural products, since the book provided payment is deducted from the input tax payment, so in turn the input tax, the VAT shall be payment for tax reduction payments calculated from.3., all tax exempt items which are not run by taxpayers will be transferred out of the input tax. One exception is the maintenance of rural power grids charged by the electricity sector. Fiscal [1998] No. 47 stipulates that the fee charged by the electricity department shall be exempted from VAT, and at the same time, the State Tax Office [2002] No. 421 civilization shall make sure that the amount of input tax should be transferred out. The provision of No. 421 has always been controversial in practice, because the fee charged by the electric power sector is mainly to compensate for the loss oflow-voltage lines, maintenance and electrical expenses, and rarely involves vat.State tax letter [2005] 778 finally clear, for the tax-free project does not import income tax transfer processing.Four, correctly distinguish between deemed sales and input tax creditsThe Provisional Regulations on value added tax and the detailed rules for the implementation of VAT shall not be deductible as sales and the situation were illustrated, these two kinds of behavior in practice can easily lead to confusion, even some textbooks also have this mistake. An example of an tax law that explains how the input tax is turned out is an example:Example 5: a company purchased a batch of clothing materials, commissioned garment factories processed into clothing for external presentation. The purchase materials and the payment of processing fees have been paid off. When the garment received by the factory is handed out to the outside, the input tax paid for the purchase of clothing materials and the payment of processing fees should be transferred out and included in the cost of clothing.In this case, the material purchased and taxable services processed into clothing, the input tax does not belong to the provisions of the tax law shall not be any deductible, but will turn out as the input tax treatment; and commissioned processing clothing foreign gifts belongs to the provisions of the tax law regarded as sales, but not according to the deemedsales subject to VAT, therefore the cases explain is completely wrong. Correct handling of this case should be: input tax and payment processing fees to buy clothing should be normal deduction, at the same time, foreign donations of clothes on as sales subject to vat.In fact, a careful analysis of the Provisional Regulations on value added tax and its implementation rules, we can draw this conclusion: to change the use of the production or processing of goods, whether internal or external, shall be regarded as sales and processing; to change the use of the purchased goods or taxable services, if used for external, namely for investment, distribution or the donation, should be regarded as sales, if used for internal, i.e. for tax exempt items, non taxable items, collective welfare or personal consumption, should be transferred out as the input taxes.。
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增值税进项税额转出的几种情况我国增值税实行进项税额抵扣制度,但在一些特定情况下,纳税人已经抵扣的进项税额必须转出。
目前进项税额的转出主要有以下几种情况:(1)纳税人购进的货物及在产品、产成品发生非正常损失;(2)纳税人购进的货物或应税劳务改变用途,如用于非应税项目、免税项目或集体福利与个人消费等。
这两种情况已抵扣的进项税额之所以要转出,是因为原购进货物或应税劳务不能产生增值税销项税额,已抵扣的进项税额失去了抵扣的来源。
其他需要转出进项税额的情况有,商业企业收到供货企业的平销返利,出口企业按“免、抵、退”办法计算应计入主营业务成本的不得免征和抵扣税额等。
本文主要就前两种情况进项税额转出的有关问题作一探析。
一、关于非正常损失根据《增值税条例实施细则》,“非正常损失”是指生产、经营过程中正常损耗外的损失,包括:(1)自然灾害损失;(2)因管理不善造成货物被盗窃、发生霉烂变质等损失;(3)其他非正常损失。
税法对“非正常损失”采用的是“正列举”的方法,税法没有列举的就不属“非正常损失”。
但一些特殊情况下发生的损失究竟是否“非正常损失”,以及如何转出已抵扣的进项税额,仍是需要分析、研究和判断的。
(一)毁损存货尚有部分处理价值如何转出进项税额一般来说,已毁损的存货,除了货物灭失外,即使是作为废品,也是具有一定处理价值的,那么此时存货的进项税额是否需要转出,应该如何转出呢?例1.某企业是增值税一般纳税人,购进一批价值10万元的电线,进项税额1.7万元。
因仓库发生火灾,电线全部被烧毁,企业将残余金属作为废品处理,得款5850元。
单位财务部门认为,处理残余金属要按规定缴纳增值税,清理收入相应部分的进项税额也可以抵扣而不用转出。
被烧毁电线有关增值税事项的计算过程:处理废金属的不含税收入为5850÷(1+17%)=5000元,增值税销项税额5000×17%=850元,应转出进项税额17000×(100000-5000)÷100000=16150元,可以抵扣进项税额17000-16150=850元,等于处理废金属的销项税额,即处理废金属应纳增值税为0.这种观点看似有道理,但在税法上是没有依据的,且购进存货的成本与处理废品的收入不具有可比性,以两者之差作为毁损存货的实际成本也是不合适的。
被烧毁的电线,已失去了其应有用途,不能再正常地进入下一流转环节,明显属于《增值税条例》中因自然灾害产生的“非正常损失”,其进项税额应全部转出,同时处理残余金属应按规定计提销项税额:5850÷(1+17%)×17%=850元。
(二)获得保险赔偿的毁损存货应否转出进项税额例2.承例1,假设企业该批电线已投财产保险,并获得保险补偿58500元,此时对于增值税的处理有两种观点:(1)保险公司的补偿视同销售实现,按补偿额计提销项税额:58500÷(1+17%)×17%=8500元,同时存货的进项税额也可以抵扣;(2)电线被烧毁,发生非正常损失已成事实,所以其进项税额17000元应全部转出,保险赔偿也不应计提销项税额。
在保险公司非全额赔偿的情况下,第一种观点的计算显然对企业更有利。
但在存货遭受自然灾害已毁损的情况下,作进项税额转出不但是税法的要求,同时存货既然毁损也就不可能存在销售的实现,因此企业获得的该保险补偿并不涉及流转税,不应计提销项税额,只需计入应纳税所得额。
所以笔者认为第二种处理是正确的。
(三)被没收或被强制低价收购的货物应否转出进项税额我国对有些特殊商品实行经营许可证制度,同时对一些商品的异地流通也有限制。
没有取得许可证而经营相关商品,或者对禁止异地流通的货物运往异地,可能会被没收或被有关政府部门以低价强制收购。
这种被没收或被低价收购的货物,是否应作为“非正常损失”转出进项税额呢?例3.某企业经营的A商品属禁止异地流通货物。
该企业将一批价值10万元的A商品运往某地销售时,被当地工商部门查处,并被以5万元的低价强制收购。
企业在税务处理时,对被低价收购的A商品按“非正常损失”处理,转出进项税额1.7万元,同时,认为商品销售没有实现,因而没有计提销项税额。
笔者以为,该企业这样处理是欠妥的。
商品被没收,并不属于税法所列举的“非正常损失”范畴;同时,商品被没收,也并不意味着其退出了正常的流转环节,在有关部门以拍卖等形式处理后,该商品还会继续进行正常的流转,因此对于被没收的货物,企业应按销售处理,计提销项税额。
但是按照工商部门5万元的收购价计提销项税额,税务部门会不会以“价格明显偏低并无正当理由”而要求按核定销售额调整其销项税额呢?笔者认为,一方面该价格确属“明显偏低”,另一方面商品被强制收购虽非企业主观意志所能决定的,却是其违规经营直接造成的,因此这种“价格明显偏低”应属“无正当理由”,应按核定销售额调整其销项税额。
(四)纳税人低价销售商品,应否按“非正常损失”转出进项税额由于产品的更新换代、结构调整,以及市场变化,纳税人往往会以低价,甚至低于成本的价格销售产品,对于这种情况,国税函〖2002〗1103号文作了明确规定,即“如果流动资产未丢失或损坏,只是由于市场发生变化,价格降低,价值量减少”,则不属于《增值税暂行条例实施细则》所规定的“非正常损失”,不作进项税额转出处理。
但实务中存在这样的情况,即发生毁损的存货,除被盗窃等原因而发生灭失外,只要货物还存在,或者还有残余物,就像例1所举的例子,总会有一点处理价值的,纳税人很可能会滥用1103号文而不作进项税额转出,并按照所销售的低价格计提销项税额。
这时由于货物已经处理,税务机关要调查确认低价处理的原因就很困难。
因此如果纳税人确实由于1103号文所说的理由而低价销售商品,应及时向税务部门报告,以避免不必要的税务纠纷。
二、存货盘亏何时转出进项税额根据《企业会计制度》,企业存货应定期盘点,盘亏的存货在查明原因前,应转入“待处理财产损益”。
那么盘亏存货的进项税额,是否应同时转入“待处理财产损益”呢?《制度》没有明确说明,而财会字〖1993〗83号文《关于增值税会计处理的规定》规定,“企业购进的货物、在产品、产成品发生非正常损失……,其进项税额,应相应转入有关科目,借记‘待处理财产损益’,……”。
但在存货盘亏尚未查明原因前,并不能确定盘亏的存货是否属“非正常损失”,而如果是正常损耗,其进项税额并不需转出,如果在盘亏时即将进项税额全部转出,就有可能使企业的利益受到损害。
所以笔者认为,存货在盘亏时应只将存货的成本转入“待处理财产损益”,至于存货的进项税额,待查明原因后,再确定是否转出。
当然实务中也有这样的情况,企业盘亏资产,为了不减少账面资产,同时也为了延迟进项税额的转出,将盘亏的存货长期挂账而不作处理,这是不符合会计制度和税法规定的。
《企业会计制度》规定,企业盘盈盘亏的资产应于期末结账前查明原因处理完毕;税法上,国家税务总局第13号令《企业财产损失税前扣除办法》也规定,企业各项财产应在损失发生当年度申报扣除。
所以企业若将盘亏资产长期挂账而不作处理,不但违反会计制度规定,也不符合税前扣除的要求,最终会使自己蒙受税收利益上的损失。
三、改变用途的购进货物或应税劳务的进项税额转出已抵扣进项税额的外购货物或应税劳务,如果改变用途,即用于免税、非应税项目、集体福利或个人消费等情况时,其已抵扣进项税额应转出。
根据《增值税条例实施细则》,此种情况下进项税额转出有如下几种方法:(1)纳税人能够准确划分不得抵扣进项税额的,则可将所耗用货物按购进时己抵扣的进项税额转出。
(2)无法准确确定应转出进项税额的,则按所耗存货的实际成本计算抵扣进项税额。
第二种方法,一方面计算转出进项税额的基数要大于第一种,因为存货的实际成本,不但包括购买价,还包括入库前的运杂费、整理挑选等费用;另一方面,在所耗存货存在不同税率时,如既有适用17%和13%的货物,也有适用10%的废旧物资,适用7%的运费等,则要从高按17%的税率计算转出的进项税额,所以第二种方法计算转出的进项税额一般要大于第一种方法计算转出的进项税额。
会计核算的准确与否对企业纳税的重要性,由此也可见一斑。
(3)对于纳税人兼营免税、非应税项目而不能准确确定应转出进项税额的,《增值税条例实施细则》规定,应按如下公式计算转出进项税额:当月全部进项税额×当月免税、非应税项目销售额÷当月全部销售额。
财税〖2005〗165号文《关于增值税若干问题的通知》将此公式修改为:(当月全部进项税额-当月可准确划分用于应税项目、免税项目及非应税项目的进项税额)×(当月免税项目销售额、非应税项目营业税合计/当月全部销售额、营业税合计)+当月可准确划分用于免税项目和非应税项目进项税额。
这样的计算应该说比原公式更加合理,计算结果更加准确,但并不能说按后者计算的转出进项税额就一定比按原公式计算的少。
例4.某纳税人生产免税产品C和应税产品D,当月发生进项税额500万元,其中可准确确定用于C产品的进项税额100万元,用于D 产品的进项税额250万元。
当月C产品销售额1500万元,D产品销售额2500万元。
按原公式计算转出的进项税额:500×1500/(1500+2500)=187.5万元;按修改后公式计算转出的进项税额:(500-100-250)×1500/(1500+2500)+100=156.25万元。
后者的计算结果小于前者。
假设可准确确定用于C产品的进项税150万元,则按原公式计算转出的进项税仍为187.5万元;按修改后公式计算转出的进项税额:(500-150-250)×1500/(1500+2500)+150=187.5万元。
两者计算结果是一致的。
假设可准确确定用于C产品的进项税160万元,则按原公式计算转出的进项税仍为187.5万元;按修改后公式计算转出的进项税额:(500-160-250)×1500/(1500+2500)+160=193.75万元。
后者的计算结果大于前者。
这里还需要注意的几个问题是:1.国税函[1995]288号《增值税问题解答之一》曾规定,在按《增值税条例实施细则》计算转出进项税额时,如果因月度之间购销不均衡而出现不得抵扣进项税额计算不实时,税务机关可采取年度清算的办法对月度计算的数据进行调整。
应该说,按照165号文计算的不得抵扣进项税额,在月度之间购销不均衡时也会出现计算不实的情况,对此尽管165号文未明确是否应按288号文的规定进行调整,笔者认为也仍应按年度清算的办法对月度计算的数据进行调整。
2.在能够准确划分不得抵扣进项税额情况下,在转出按扣除率计算的进项税额时,如运费、废旧物资、农产品的进项税,由于账面所提供的支付额是扣除了进项税额后的支付额,因此在转出进项税额时,应将该支付额还原为含税的支付额再计算转出的进项税额。