雅思背景知识之国家名称

合集下载

雅思听力原文都是来源于什么地方

雅思听力原文都是来源于什么地方

雅思听力原文都是来源于什么地方为了帮助大家高效备考雅思,店铺为大家带来“雅思听力原文都是来源于什么地方”,希望对大家雅思备考有所帮助。

更多精彩尽请关注店铺!雅思听力原文都是来源于什么地方一、雅思听力背景雅思听力包括四部分,日常话题(一)、生活场景(二)、学术话题(三、四部分)。

通常三、四部分都是学术话题,但是第四部分比第三部分要难很多。

二、听力材料来源1.看英美剧可以在平时看英美剧来积累语感,通常对话都难,也都是日常对话,有助于听力练习。

2.报刊杂志订阅英文版的报刊杂志,尤其是学术性的。

可以扩展我们的知识,也能积累学术性的词汇,对第三部分和第四部分很有帮助。

阅读报刊杂志也能练习我们的阅读能力。

3.百科知识雅思听力虽然说就只有这几个话题为主,但是里面涉及到不少的百科知识。

百科知识的书籍或者报刊杂志都可以,在平时考生可以积累一些,中英文对照版的最好。

雅思听力需注意精听和泛听结合雅思所需的词汇不是很难,而且也很实际,具有一定的场景性。

譬如,一个留学生到国外留学,他会有很多非常实际的问题,到了学校,他肯定会考虑住宿的问题,关于住宿场景的词汇就有不少,住宿、房东、租金、押金等等。

一般来说,掌握至少相当于大学英语四级的词汇量是保证雅思考好的必要条件。

不仅要会辨认这些词汇,还要能够拼写。

雅思不仅需要考生在听的时候能够迅速反应出单词的意思,而且很多时候需要考生将其拼写出来,所以要求学生对相关单词进行记忆。

雅思听力部分所要求的语法并不太难,初高中语法足以应付。

如果没有足够的词汇和基本的语法知识,很多答案即使能听出来,但也可能由于知识的不牢固而答不出来。

听力归根到底实际上是辨音的过程。

相当部分学生有时候对简单词汇不能够反映出来,归根到底,是其本人的发音和考试的录音有出入,所以导致了不必要的失分,这是很可惜的。

所以,如果考生本人的发音和标准发音有差距,那么一定要下苦功夫纠正自己的发音。

在考试中,考生主要听到的口音不仅仅有英式英语,英式英语是国际标准的英语,而美音会把短元音与长元音不分,譬如,美国人可能分不清在说ant与aunt,因为他们在发这两个单词读音是一样的。

雅思考试介绍分析

雅思考试介绍分析

IELTS Listening Test
• 雅思听力考试分为四个部分,Section 1, Section 2, Section 3 and Section 4。每 部分有10个题,共40个题。听力考试旳录 音内容只播放一遍,时间为40分钟,其中 30分钟听录音、做题,10分钟誊写答案。
IELTS Listening Test
• IELTS考试共分为四个部分:
• 听力(30mins+10mins ) • 阅读(60mins) • 写作(60mins) • 口语(15mins) • 每部分满分为9分,总分是四部分旳平均分。阅读、听力
和总分能够有0.5分,写作和口试只有整数分。
Introduction to IELTS
• 一般说来,读硕士要6.5分(个别学校和专 业要求7分),而且各单科分数不能低于6 分。
A1: Football. A2: I like to play football. A3: I like to play football. Football is a good s port. Many people like to play it. It is popular in China.
IELTS Speaking Test
• 卡片题解题思绪: 看懂题目要求,懂得自己要谈论旳话题是 什么,切题
• 清楚话题旳时态,谈论话题旳过程中一直 使用正确旳时态
• 尽量选择情节比较波折旳内容来谈论,不 要过于平淡
Topics for Part 2
• Part 2 • Describe a parent • Describe a friend • Describe a place • Describe a book • Describe a movie • Describe an

雅思阅读主题分类整理

雅思阅读主题分类整理

雅思阅读主题分类整理雅思阅读考试的题材比较多,文章的主题范围也比较广泛。

今天小编为大家带来的是雅思阅读主题分类总结内容,希望帮助到各位考生在备考中结合有效的练习提升阅读水平,在雅思阅读考试中能拿到一个更高的分数。

雅思阅读主题分类整理雅思阅读主题最新分类1。

自然(14篇)(01) V67-2:英国绿色农业(04) V59-2:圣婴现象(ENSO)「圣婴」一词源自西班牙文,(英文翻译为Christ Child),意为上帝之子,是100多年前南美洲秘鲁和厄瓜多的渔民用来称呼发生于圣诞节前后,祕鲁附近海域海温异常偏暖的现象。

科学研究显示不仅和祕鲁附近海温的变化有关,也和热带东太平洋和西太平洋之间的海面气压的分布有关,就以 El Nino Southern Oscillation(简称ENSO)来表示热带太平洋大气和海洋之间的变化,也就是一般所谓的圣婴现象。

(07) V35-2:圣婴现象(10) V29-2:减少闪电危害Reduce lightning hazards(13) V25-1:自然周期与生物(02) V66-1:自然周期与生物(05) V38-3:海沙流失Sea Sand loss(08) V35-2:欧洲森林保育European forest conservation(11) V29-3:南非黄金开采(14) V23-2:探索太空生物(03) V63-1:海底热资源Hydrothermal resources(06) V36-1:热带雨林Tropical rain forest(09) V34-1:火山爆发Volcanic eruptions(12) V28-3:全球气候暖化Global warming2。

科技(14篇)(01) V65-3:海底探测船Submarine spacecraft(04) V36-3:摩斯密码Morse code(07) V35-1:桥梁修复Bridge repairment(10) V55-1:计算雅思阅读主题最新分类_文档下载///b-9c8272c2f90f76c661371a8d.html 机化交通系统Computerized traffic system(13) V28-1:人造丝制造The manufacture of rayon(02) V62-2:澳洲医疗与中医Australian medical and TCM(05) V31-2:电信技术发展The development of telecommunications technology (08) V26-1:染料与颜料Dyes and Pigments(11) V54-2:交通工具发展The development of transport(14) V27-1:房屋构造与用途Housing construction and function(03) V43-3:澳洲皮肤癌Skin cancer in Australia(06) V31-3:非洲交通改革计划African transport reform plan(09) V56-2:信息技术与运输Information technology and transport(12) V53-2:城市交通问卷Urban Transport questionnaire3。

史上超强!英语国家概况复习笔记!

史上超强!英语国家概况复习笔记!

英语国家概况复习笔记Chapter 1 Land and People 英国的国土与人民Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England. 地理名称:不列颠群岛,大不列颠和英格兰.2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国.3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands—Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛[大不列颠岛(较大的一个)和爱尔兰岛]及成千上万个小岛组成.4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政区:英格兰,苏格兰和威尔士.①England is in the southern part of Great Britain.It is the largest, most populous section. 位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大,人口最稠密的地区.②Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh. 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部.它有三大自然区:北部高地,中部低地及南部山陵.首府:爱丁堡.③Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff 威尔士位于大不列颠的西部.首府:加的夫④Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast. 北爱尔兰是英国第四个区域.首府:贝尔法斯特5.The Commonwealth (of nations) is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading agreements.The Commonwealth has no special powers.The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is left to each nation. It was founded in 1931, and has 50 member countries until 1991.英联邦是一个自由联合体,由曾是英国殖民地而现在已经独立的国家构成.成员国之间实行经济合作,有一定的贸易协议.英联邦没有特别的权利,是否参加英联邦由各成员国自己决定.它成立于1931年,到1991年止已有50个成员国.Chapter 2 The Origins of a Nation (5000BC-1066) 英国的起源1.Arrival and settlement of the Celts At about 700 BC the Celts began to arrive in Britain and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans.They may come originally from eastern and central Europe,now France,Belgium and southern Germany.约公元前700年,凯尔特人来到不列颠岛并一直陆续到来直到罗马人的入侵.他们可能源自东欧和中欧,即现在的法国,比利时和德国南部. They came in three main waves:the Gaels~about 600 BC;the Brythons~about 400 BC;the Belgae~about 150 BC.凯尔特人来到不列颠有三次高潮:第一次是约公元前600年的盖尔人;第二次是约公元前400年的布立吞人;第三次是约公元前150年的贝尔盖人. The Celtic tribes are the ancestors of the Highland Scots,the Irish and the Welsh,and their languages are the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic.凯尔特人是山地苏格兰人,爱尔兰人和威尔士人的祖先,他们的语言是威尔士语和盖尔语的基础. The Celts’ religion was Druidism. 凯尔特人的宗教为德鲁伊德教. The Belgae were the most industrious and vigorous of the Celtic tribes.贝尔盖人是最勤奋,最精力充沛的. The Celts were practised farmers. 凯尔特人是有经验的农民.2.Basis of modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons现代英国人的基础:盎格鲁—萨克逊(446-871) In the mid-5th century Jutes,Saxons, and Angles came to Britain.They were three Teutonic tribes.The Jutes,who fished and farmed in Jutland(now southern Denmark),came to Britain first.Then the Saxons came.They came from northern Germany,established their kingdoms in Essex, Sussex and Wessex. In the second half of the 6th century,the Angles who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to the English people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. 五世纪中叶,朱特人,撒克逊人和盎格鲁人来到不列颠岛.这是三支日耳曼部落.居住在朱特兰岛(现丹麦南部)从事打渔农耕的朱特人先到达不列颠;接着是撒克逊人,他们来自德国北部,在埃塞克斯,苏塞克斯和威塞克斯建立了王国;六世纪后半叶,同样来自德国北部把自己名字给了英国人的盎格鲁人,在东盎格利亚,麦西亚以及诺森伯利来定居.Heptarchy:During the Anglo-Saxon’s time,Britain was divided into many kingdoms,among which there were seven principal kingdoms of Kent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,East Anglia,Mercia and Northumbria.They were given the name for Heptarchy. 在盎格鲁-撒克逊时期,英国被划分为许多王国,其中有七个主要王国:肯特,埃塞克斯,苏塞克斯,威塞克斯,东盎格利亚,麦西亚和诺森伯利来.他们被合称为七王国.The Anglo-Saxon tribes were constantly at war with one another,each trying to get the upper hand,so that the kingdoms were often broken up and often pieced together again. 盎格鲁-撒克逊部落之间不断交战,彼此都想占上风,因此王国总是分了合,合了又分The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. 盎格鲁—撒克逊人把日耳曼宗教带到了英国.Although the Anglo-Saxons were ferocious people,they laid the foundations of the English state.Firstly,they divided the country into shires;Secondly,they devised the narrow-strip,three-field farming system which continued to the 18th century;Thirdly,they also established the manorial system.Finally,they created the Witan(council/meeting of wisemen)to advise the king,the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today. 虽然盎格鲁-撒克逊人是凶猛的民族,但他们为英国国家的形成打下了基础.首先他们把国家划分为郡;其次他们设计的窄条三圃田农耕制延用至18世纪;他们还建立了采邑制;最后他们还创立了议会(贤人会议),向国王提供建议,这是现存的枢密院基础.3.The Viking and Danish invasions The Norwegian Vikings and the Danes attacked various parts of England from the end of the 8th century.The Danes gained control of the north and east of England—the Danelaw.从8世纪末起,挪威海盗和丹麦人就不断袭击英格兰各地方.丹麦人控制英格兰北部和东部丹麦法区. After Alfred’s death,his s uccessors reconquered the Danelaw.King Ethelred the Unready tried paying the invaders to stay away.But the Danes didn’t go away but invade again. 亚尔弗雷德死后,他的继任者们重新征服了丹麦地区."未准备好者"埃塞尔雷德国王进贡给丹麦人以免被侵略,但丹麦人又再度进犯. After Ethelred’s death,Canute,the Danish leader was made English king in 1016.He proved to be a wise ruler.After his death in 1035,his sons Harold and Hardicanute reigned successively.After Hardicanute’s death the succession passed to the successor Edward the Confessor. 埃塞尔雷德死后,丹麦首领喀奴特在1016年成为了英国国王.他是位英明的通知者.1035年他死后,他的儿子哈罗德和哈迪喀奴特先后统治王国.哈迪喀奴特死后,王位传给了"忏悔者"爱德华.4.King Alfred and his contributions亚尔弗雷德国王和他所做出的贡献(849-899) ①Alfred was the king of Wessex and defeated the Danes and reached a friendly agreement with them in 879亚尔弗雷德是威塞克斯的国王.他打败了丹麦人,并于公元879年与他们达成了友好协议;②He founded a strong fleet and is known as “the father of the British navy”他因为建立了强大舰队,而以“英国海军之父”闻名于世;③He reorganized the Saxon army,making it more efficient他改组了撒克逊军队,使之更为高效;④He is said to have taught himself Latin and translated a Latin book into English据说他自学了拉丁语并将一本拉丁语书译成英语⑤He encouraged learning in others,established schools and formulated a legal system. All this earns him the title “Alfred the Great”他鼓励向他人求知并修建学校,并且制订法律制度.5.The Norman Conquest and its consequences诺曼征服及其影响(1066) It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, William defeated Harold in the battle of Hastings.On Christmas Day William was crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey. 爱德华国王曾答应把英格兰王位传给诺曼底公爵威廉,但是贤人会议挑选了哈罗德为国王.公元1066年10月,在哈斯丁斯战役中威廉打败了哈罗德军队.圣诞节这天在威斯敏斯特大教堂,威廉被加冕为英格兰国王. The Norman Conquest of 1066 is perhaps the best-known event in English history. William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government.The Norman Conquest ended the English history of being invaded, the feudal system was completely established in England . Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners and architecture were introduced.The Church was brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civil courts. 公元1066年的诺曼征服也许是英国历史上的最著名事件.征服者威廉没收了几乎所有土地,将其分发给他的诺曼追随者.他用强大的诺曼政府取代软弱的撒克逊人统治.诺曼征服结束了被侵略的英国历史,英格兰完全确立了封建制度:扩展了与欧洲大陆的关系;文明和商业都得到发展;引进了诺曼—法国文化、语言、举止和建筑.教会与罗马的联系更为密切,教会法庭从世俗法庭中单独分离出来.Chapter 3 The Shaping of the Nation 英国的形成(公元1066-1381)1.England's feudalism under the rule of William the Conqueror在威廉统治下的英国封建制度①Under William,the feudal system in England was completely established在威廉统治下,英国的封建制度得到完全确立;②In this system,the King owned all the land personally根据此制度,国王拥有全国所有土地;③William gave his barons large estate s in England in return for a promise of military service and a proportion of the land’s produce威廉把英国的大片土地分给贵族,条件是贵族保证服役和交租;④These estates were scattered far and wide over the country,so that those who held them could not easily combine to rebel the king贵族的这些地产分散于各处,这样土地拥有者就不易联合起来反叛国王;⑤The barons parceled out his land to the lesser nobles,knights and freemen,also in return for goods and services贵族又把土地分配给小贵族,骑士和自由民,同样要他们交租和服役;⑥At the bottom of the feudal scale were the villeins or serfs在封建等级底层的是农奴;⑦One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take the oath of allegiance,not only to their immediate lord,but also to the king英国封建制独有的特色就是,无论是土地承租人还是二佃户,都必须要宣誓效忠于直接领主,而且要效忠于国王.William replaced the Witan with the Grand Council. 威廉用大议会取代了贤人会议. In order to have a reliable record of all his lands,his tenants and their possessions,William sent his clerks to compile a property record known as Domesday Book,which was completed in 1086. 为了使所有的土地,佃户和他们的财产记录可靠,威廉派官员编了一本财产清册,称为«末日审判书»2.Contents and the significance of the Great Charter«大宪章»的内容及意义Also known as the Magna Carta,Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215 under the press of the barons.«大宪章»是约翰国王1215年在封建贵族压力下签定的. It consists of 63 clauses. Its important provisions are as follows«大宪章»共有63条:①no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council没有大议会批准不得征税;②no freeman should be arrested,imprisoned,or deprived of his property except by the law of the land除依照法律,不得随意逮捕,拘禁自由民,不依照土地法不得剥夺其财产;③the Church should possess all its rights,together with freedom of elections教会拥有的权利和选举自由不受侵犯;④London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges伦敦和其它城市应保留其古老的权利和特权;⑤there should be the same weight and measures throughout the country全国应统一度量衡. Although the Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties,it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons,a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king.The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king,keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.尽管长期普遍认为«大宪章»是英国自由的基础,但它只是国王与贵族之间的封建与法律关系,保证教会的自由,限制国王的权力.«大宪章»的精神是限制王权,置王权于封建法律的约束下.3.The origins of the English Parliament英国议会的起源In 1258,the barons,under Simon de Montfort,forced Henry Ⅲand his son Prince Edward to swear to accept the Provisions of ter,Henry refused to confirm to the Provisions of Oxford,thus a civil war brake out between the king’s suppor ters and the baronial army led by Simon de Montfort. 1258年,贵族们在西蒙•德•孟福尔的领导下迫使国王和他的儿子爱德华王子宣誓接受"牛津协定".亨利拒绝批准牛津协定,国王的支持者和西蒙•德•孟福尔领导的封建主组成的军队之间爆发了内战.The Great Council is known to be the prototype of the current British Parliament. In 1265,Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council,together with two knights from each country and two citizens from each town.,a meeting which has seen as the earliest parliament.It later developed into the House of Lords and the House of Common as a parliament. 大议会是当今英国议会的原型.1265年,西门德孟福尔召开大议会,各县有两名骑士,各镇有两名市民参加,此次会议被看作是最早的议会.大议会发展到后来演变成议会.分为上议院和下议院Its main role was to offer advice,not to make decisions.There were still no elections,no parties,and the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords. 其作用是咨询而非决定,也没有选举和政党.议会的最重要的部分是上议院4.The Hundred Years' War with France and its consequences百年战争及其结果When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize,the war broke out. 爱德华三世宣布要继承法国王位,但法国人民拒绝承认,于是引发了百年战争. The Hundred Years’ War with France refers to the war between England and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453.The causes of the war were partly territorial and partly economic. The territorial causes were related with the possession by the English kings of the large duchy of Aquitaine,while the French kings coveted this large slice. The economic causes were connected with cloth manufacturing towns in Flanders, which were the importer of English wool, but they were loyal to the French king politically. Besides, England's desire to stop France from giving aid to Scots and a growing sense of nationalism were the other causes.百年战争指1337年到1453年英法之间一场断断续续的战争.战争的起因既有领土因素又有经济因素.领土起因尤其是与英国国王拥有法国阿奎丹大片的公爵领地有密切关系,随着法国国王势力日增,他们日益渴望占领这片从他们领土内被分割出去的土地.经济原因则与弗兰德斯有关.弗兰德斯地区生产棉布的城镇是英国羊毛的主要进口地,但这些城镇在政治上却效忠法国国王.其他原因还有英国试图阻止法国帮助苏格兰人,以及不断觉醒的民族意识.When the war ended,Calais was the only part of France that still in the hands of English. 战争结束的时候只有加来港还被英军占领.Consequences:The expulsion of the English from France is regarded as a blessing for both countries:had they remained,the superior size and wealth of France would certainly have hindered the development of a separate English national identity,while France was hindered so long as a foreign power occupied so much French territory. 战争的结果:把英国人赶出了法国对两个国家都是幸事:若英国人继续留在法国,那么法国人在领土和财富上所占的优势必然会阻碍英国作为一个独立民族的发展;而法国如被外国势力占领了大量的领土,其民族特性的发展也要长期受阻.HenryⅤrenewed the war in 1415 and won a crushing victory at Argencourt.He was recognized to the French throne in 1420.After his death,the French,encouraged by Joan of Arc,finally drove the English out of France. 亨利五世在1415年重新发动战争.在阿根科特战役中大胜.他在1420年成为法国国王.亨利死后,法国人民在圣女贞德的鼓舞下,最终把英军驱逐出法国.5.Consequences of the Black Death黑死病的影响The Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly epidemic disease spread by rat fleas across Europe in the 14th century.It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning and,most importantly,without any cure.It reduced England’s population from four million to two million(about one half and one third of the population was killed) by the end of the 14th century. 黑死病是现代名称,指老鼠身上的跳蚤传播的致命的淋巴腺鼠疫引起的传染性疾病.14世纪传播了到欧洲.1348年夏天横扫全英国,事先毫无预兆,而更重要的是无药可救.英国的人口在14世纪末从400万锐减至200万. The economic consequences of the Black Death were far-reaching.As a result of the plague,much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of ndowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming,which required less labour.The surviving peasants had better bargainning power and were in a position to change their serfdom into paid labour.So some landlords,unable or unwilling to pay higher wages,tried to force peasants back into serfdom.In 1351 the government issued a Statute of Labourers which made it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages or for their employers to pay more than the rates laid down by the Justices of the Peace. 黑死病对经济造成的后果更为深远.鼠疫导致了大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏.地主只得把耕地改成对人力需求较少的牧场.幸存的农民处于有利的可以讨价还价的地位,他们从农奴变为雇佣劳动力。

英国国家概况知识点

英国国家概况知识点

U.K.Official name:The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland .Size: 242,514 square kilometers (93,635 square miles).Location:is a country situated in the British Isles,which lie off the northwest coast of the European continent.4 political divisions:Scotland,England,Wales,Northern IrelandCapital:London,Located on the bank of the River Thames in southeast England.Ben Nevis:英国最高山the highest mountain,本尼维斯山脉1343m,in Scotland.Lough Neagh:英国最大湖泊the largest lake,内伊湖396平方千米,in Northern Ireland.Thames River:英国最重要河流the important river,泰晤士河(母亲河/第二长河)336km,in England British Isles:不列颠群岛(包括大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛、马恩岛及附近的5500多个小岛;群岛上有英国和爱尔兰共和国).Great Britain= Scotland + England + WalesJulius Caesar:(100 BC—44 BC凯撒大帝)Rome general, statesman and historian. He invaded Britain(55 BC), crushed the army of his political enemy Pompey(48 BC), pursued other enemies to Egypt, where he installed Cleopatra as queen(47 BC), returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator until he was murdered(44 BC).Roman’s Influence:Christianity spread / Eg:Roman bath house in Bath, England.???????? Constantine the Great:(272-337) The first Christian EmperorAngle & Saxons:Three invasions:Germanic tribesmen、Vikings (known as Danes)、NormansAlfred the Great:“The Father of the British Navy”William the Conqueror:created a new and more powerful country under one king, eventually ruled over the whole island called Great Britain, built “The Tower of London”.Hundred Year’s War:1337-1453,was fought on French soil and throughout the western region of the Continent and at sea.Joan of Arc:French military leader and national heroine of the 15th century, who at the age of 17 took up arms to establish the rightful king on the French throne. She claimed to have heard God speak to her in voices. These claims eventually led to her trial for heresy and her execution by burning at the stake.Black Death:A disease spread by rat fleas. Also known as the Black Plague, it was a devastating pandemic that first struck Europe in the mid-14th century, killing between a third and two-thirds of Europe’s population, including about one-third of England’s population.Reformation:改革/创新???????????Henry VIII:一生有六位王后,进行了多项改革。

英语国家概况归纳

英语国家概况归纳

Introduction to English-speaking Countries第一章英国●Full NameThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,简称“UK(联合王国)”。

●Geography位于欧洲大陆西北部的Great Britain Island(大不列颠岛)上,东濒North Sea(北海),西临Atlantic(大西洋),南与European Continent(欧洲大陆)以English Channel(英吉利海峡)、Denver Channel(多佛海峡)相隔。

由Great Britain(包括England、Scotland、Wales和Ireland东北部)和附近大约5500多个小岛组成。

陆界与Republic of Ireland (爱尔兰共和国)接壤。

国土总面积共24.18万平方公里,海岸线总长1.15万公里。

Ⅰ、Scotland(苏格兰地区)Glasgow(格拉斯哥)——第一大城市(英国全境第三大城市),为苏格兰地区工业重镇,著名的Clyde(克莱德河)即流经此地。

市里有University of Glasgow(格拉斯哥大学)、St Monger(圣蒙戈)大教堂和Hampton Court Park(汉普登公园)。

Edinburgh(爱丁堡)——第二大城市,为苏格兰自治政府所在地,历史悠久,素有“Northern Athens(北方雅典)”之美誉。

城区以Princes Street(王子大街)为界,一边是New Town,一边是Old Town。

著名古迹有:Edinburgh Castle(爱丁堡城堡)、St Giles′Cathedral(圣吉尔教堂)、National Gallery of Scotland(苏格兰国立美术馆)、Scott Monument(司各特纪念碑)、Palace of Holyroodhouse(圣十字架宫)等。

雅思背景知识之国家名称

athens (雅典):the city of jasmines (茉莉花城)berne (伯尔尼):the city of clocks and watches (钟表城)brazil (巴西):the country of coffee (咖啡国)canada (加拿大):the country of maple leaves (枫叶国)ecuador (厄瓜多尔):the equatorial country (赤道国)(由于赤道横贯厄瓜多尔国境,再加上在西班牙文中"厄瓜多尔"的意思就是“赤道”,因此厄瓜多尔拥有“赤道国”的雅称)egypt (埃及):the country of the pyramids (金字塔国)ethiopia (埃塞俄比亚):the barefoot country (赤足国)ghana (加纳):the country of cocoa (可可国)cuba (古巴):the country of sugarcane (甘蔗国)japan (日本):the country of cherries (樱花国)jerusalem (耶路撒冷):the holy city (圣城)lima (利马):the city of drought (干旱城)london (伦敦):the city of fog (雾都)lusaka (卢莎卡):the city of copper (铜城)malaysia (马来西亚):the rubber country (橡胶国)mexico (墨西哥):the cactus country (仙人掌国)mexico city (墨西哥城):the city of frescoes (壁画之都)(墨西哥城,以画迷人,素有“壁画之都”之称。

)new york (纽约):big apple (大苹果城)panama (巴拿马):the butterfly country(蝴蝶国)singapore (新加坡):the country of gardens (花园国)tunisia (突尼斯):the olive country (橄榄国)venice (威尼斯):the city of water (水城)washington(华盛顿):the city of snow (雪城)wellington (惠灵顿):the city of wind (风城)bulgaria(保加利亚):the country of roses(玫瑰之国)vienna(维也纳):the city of music(音乐之都)pagan(缅甸蒲甘城):the temple city(寺庙之城)雅思背景知识之国家名称相关内容:重细节变化雅思新变革举措将陆续推行美国认可IELTS成绩雅思敲开北美大门英国使馆文化教育处发布2006年雅思新举措2006下半年雅思考试全国时间安排表雅思考生呈现低龄化专家提醒报考需冷静雅思受热捧考生要冷静雅思考生出现低龄化趋势报考需冷静多方利好催热雅思考试,专家提醒报考需冷静查看更多>>。

【参考文档】雅思听力背景词汇:国家和国籍-精选word文档 (2页)

【参考文档】雅思听力背景词汇:国家和国籍-精选word文档
本文部分内容来自网络整理,本司不为其真实性负责,如有异议或侵权请及时联系,本司将立即删除!
== 本文为word格式,下载后可方便编辑和修改! ==
雅思听力背景词汇:国家和国籍
在雅思听力考试中,国家和国籍是经常会出现的内容,但是很多考生因为在考场上无法明确判断 country 和 nationality 的区别,导致明明听得懂,却填不对,拿不到分的尴尬局面。

现在雅思就为大家搜集整理了相关的国家和国籍的对照,供大家参考。

Country
Nationality
America
America n
Australia
Australia n
Austria
Austria n
Britain
British
Canada
Canadian
China
Chinese
Denmark
Dane。

英语国家概况笔记整理

英语国家概况笔记整理英语国家概况笔记整理英语国家是指以英语为官方语言或为第一语言的国家。

这些国家有着丰富的历史和文化,并且在全球范围内都有着重要的地位。

以下是对一些典型英语国家的笔记整理。

英格兰英格兰是指大不列颠岛上最大的一个国家,首都是伦敦。

英格兰是全球最重要的文化和商业中心之一,是世界上最重要的旅游胜地之一。

它以其壮丽的城市风光、古老的大学、世界顶级艺术品和丰富的文化遗产而著名。

英格兰还是口音最标准、最古老的英语发源地之一。

苏格兰苏格兰是英国的一个国家,位于英国北部,与英格兰隔着哈德里安长城相隔。

苏格兰地处北极圈附近,因此气候较为寒冷,但是其美丽的山川湖泊和独特的文化使得它成为了一个重要的旅游胜地。

苏格兰的联合王国象征是印有一只独角兽的盾牌。

苏格兰有着悠久的历史,并且拥有着独特的文化,比如苏格兰传统的音乐、服装和食品等。

威尔士威尔士是英国的一个国家,位于英格兰西部。

它以其壮观的山地风景和世界最佳的海岸线而著名。

威尔士人喜欢庆祝传统文化,并且其歌曲、舞蹈和风俗仍然在今天得到了广泛传承。

威尔士听起来有着特别的口音。

英国国旗上的红色龙即是威尔士的象征。

爱尔兰爱尔兰是一个欧洲国家,位于大不列颠岛西侧。

它分为爱尔兰共和国和北爱尔兰,后者是英国的一部分。

爱尔兰是一个美丽的国家,拥有许多独特的风景和文化遗产。

爱尔兰以其友好的人民、美妙的音乐和优美的文学而著名。

美国美国是世界上最强大的国家之一,是一个多元化的国家,拥有许多文化和民族。

美国以其灿烂多彩的文化、科技创新和政治制度而闻名于世。

美国是一个旅游胜地,拥有世界上最知名的城市之一,如纽约、洛杉矶和旧金山等。

在美国,许多地方需要汽车来进行通行,而且美国人也对汽车有着独特的热爱。

加拿大加拿大是北美洲最多元化和最友善的国家之一。

加拿大有着尽可能保持自然美和野生动物保护的承诺,拥有美丽的大自然风光,如落基山脉和尼亚加拉瀑布。

加拿大人民非常注重公民权利和社会公正,是全世界人权保护能见度最高的国家之一。

BEC高频词汇——世界主要国家英语名称

BEC高频词汇——世界主要国家英语名称世界主要国家英语名称Mongolia蒙古Uzbekstan乌兹别克斯坦North Korea朝鲜Turkmenistan土库曼斯坦South Korea 韩国Georgia格鲁吉亚Azerbaijan阿塞拜疆Vietnam越南Armenia亚美尼亚Laos老挝Pakistan巴基斯坦Cambodia柬埔寨Afghanistan阿富汗Burma缅甸Thailand泰国Kuwait科威特Malaysia马来西亚Saudi Arabia沙特阿拉伯Singapore新加坡Bahrain巴林Philippines菲律宾Qatar 卡塔尔Indonesia 印度尼西亚United Arab Emirates阿拉伯联合酋长国Nepal尼泊尔Oman阿曼Bangladesh孟加拉国Yemen也门Iraq 伊拉克Sri Lanka斯里兰卡Syria叙利亚Kazakhstan哈萨克斯坦Lebanon黎巴嫩Kirghizstan吉尔吉斯坦Cyprus塞浦路斯Palestine 巴勒斯坦Israel以色列Tadzhikistan塔吉克斯坦Portugal葡萄牙Estonia爱沙尼亚Vatican梵蒂冈Latvia拉托维亚San Marino圣马力诺Malta马耳他Yugoslavian南斯拉夫Ukraine乌克兰Slovenia斯洛文尼亚Croatia克罗地亚Czech Rep.捷克Bosnia and Herzegovina Slovakia斯洛伐克波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那Hungary 匈牙利Romania 罗马尼亚Bulgaria保加利亚Austria奥地利Albania阿尔巴尼亚Switzerland瑞士Lithuania立陶宛Luxembourg 卢森堡Belgium比利时Macedonia马其顿Fiji斐济Nauru瑙鲁Papua New Guinea巴布亚新几内亚Nicaragua尼加拉瓜Costa Rica哥斯达黎加Mexico墨西哥Panama巴拿马Guatemala危地马拉Cuba 古巴Belize伯利兹Jamaica牙买加El Salvador萨尔瓦多Haiti海地Honduras洪都拉斯Bahamas巴哈马Colombia哥伦比亚Bolivia玻利维亚Venezuela委内瑞拉Chile智利Ecuador厄瓜多尔Argentina 阿根廷Peru秘鲁Paraguay巴拉圭Brazil巴西Uruguay乌拉圭Somalia索马里Libya 利比亚Kenya 肯尼亚Tunisia突尼斯Uganda乌干达Algeria阿尔及利亚Tanzania坦桑尼亚Morocco摩洛哥Rwanda 卢旺达Mauritania 毛里塔尼亚Burundi布隆迪Senegal塞内加尔Zaire扎伊尔Gambia冈比亚Congo 刚果Mali马里Gabon加蓬Burkina Faso布基纳法索Angola安哥拉Cape Verde佛得角Zambia赞比亚Guinea几内亚Malawi马拉维Sierra Leone塞拉利昂Mozambique莫桑比克Liberia 利比里亚Madagascar马达加斯加Ghana加纳Mauritius毛里求斯Togo多哥Zimbabwe津巴布韦Benin贝宁Botswana博茨瓦纳Niger 尼日尔Namibia纳米比亚Nigeria尼日利亚South Africa南非Cameroon喀麦隆Swaziland斯威士兰Equatorial Guinea赤道几内亚Lesotho莱索托Chad乍得Eritrea厄立特里亚Ethiopia埃塞俄比亚Sudan苏丹。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

雅思背景知识之国家名称Athens (雅典):The City Of Jasmines (茉莉花城)Berne (伯尔尼):The City Of Clocks And Watches (钟表城)Brazil (巴西):The Country Of Coffee (咖啡国)Canada (加拿大):The Country Of Maple Leaves (枫叶国)Ecuador (厄瓜多尔):The Equatorial Country (赤道国)(由于赤道横贯厄瓜多尔国境,再加上在西班牙文中"厄瓜多尔"的意思就是“赤道”,因此厄瓜多尔拥有“赤道国”的雅称。

)Egypt (埃及):The Country Of The Pyramids (金字塔国)Ethiopia (埃塞俄比亚):The Barefoot Country (赤足国)Ghana (加纳):The Country Of Cocoa (可可国)Cuba (古巴):The Country Of Sugarcane (甘蔗国)Japan (日本):The Country Of Cherries (樱花国)Jerusalem (耶路撒冷):The Holy City (圣城)Lima (利马):The City Of Drought (干旱城)London (伦敦):The City Of Fog (雾都)Lusaka (卢莎卡):The City Of Copper (铜城)Malaysia (马来西亚):The Rubber Country (橡胶国)Mexico (墨西哥):The Cactus Country (仙人掌国)Mexico City (墨西哥城):The City Of Frescoes (壁画之都)(墨西哥城,以画迷人,素有“壁画之都”之称。

)New York (纽约):Big Apple (大苹果城)Panama (巴拿马):The Butterfly Country(蝴蝶国)Singapore (新加坡):The Country Of Gardens (花园国)Tunisia (突尼斯):The Olive Country (橄榄国)Venice (威尼斯):The City Of Water (水城)Washington(华盛顿):The City Of Snow (雪城)Wellington (惠灵顿):The City Of Wind (风城)Bulgaria(保加利亚):The Country of Roses(玫瑰之国)Vienna(维也纳):The City of Music(音乐之都)Pagan(缅甸蒲甘城):The Temple City(寺庙之城)浅析文化背景知识在提高雅思听力中的重要性笔者分析《剑桥雅思真题》1-6,结合各位雅思考生的考试回忆后发现,雅思听力内容中涉及了很大程度的国外文化背景知识的介绍。

雅思听力内容主要是围绕着在英国或澳大利亚的生活和学习展开的。

比如Section1&2一般以生活场景为主,如:租房、面试、旅游等。

在Section1中,最常出现的场景:租房场景(house renting),常常会涉及到房屋样式(house type)、付款方式(ways of payment)、周边环境(environment)、内部设施(facilities)、房客的住房要求(requirements)及房东的租房规则(house rules)等话题讨论。

而section 3&4则一般是以学习场景和科普内容为主。

比如在section 3中,常见的场景包括:新学校介绍,课程安排介绍,选课咨询。

内容常常涉及:学校设施(teaching facilities)和师资力量(teacher resources)的介绍,学生或教授关于一个课题的研究(course research),调查报告(survey),论文(dissertation),和学习方法(learning methods)的讨论。

长期以来,人们都认为语音、语法、句子结构和词汇等是直接影响并决定听力理解力的主要语言因素。

因此很多考生将在雅思听力上停滞不前的问题归因于词汇量小,语法知识薄弱。

而实际上,影响听力理解力的因素远不限于这些。

长期记忆中的非语言信息,特别是有关的文化背景知识在听者的听力理解中具有十分关键的作用。

尤其是对于那些语言基础薄弱的学生,比如那些处于雅思基础班或者进步班的学员。

由于他们的词汇量比较小,一般在2000左右,而且语法比较薄弱。

这使他们在听力过程中很难理解听到的内容。

在语言知识不能解决问题的情况下,听者只好动用相关背景知识,它可以补救语言知识的不足(吴一安,2001)。

成功的听话者善于利用头脑中固有的知识和头脑以外的知识来理解他们听到和看到的东西。

利用长期记忆中存留的背景知识来理解听力对话,实际上是一个预测→检验和证实的不断往复的过程。

预测是解码的方式,证实是解码的结果。

听者已具备的背景知识就像一幅地图贮存在长期记忆中.听者把接受到的新信息与这幅地图进行比较,分析,看两者是否吻合,以便正确理解篇章的意义,做出相应的反应.《剑桥雅思真题4》第三份听力试题section1中的最后三个填空题。

1. The___________ will be $320.2. She needs to pay the rent by cash or cheque on a _________ basis.10. She needs to pay her part of the _________bill.在英国生活过一段时间的学生都熟悉在学校外面租房子涉及的金钱方面包括:订金(deposit),租金(rent)和帐单(bill),一般定金为一个月的租金。

租金的交付方式为按星期(weekly),按月(monthly), 按季度(seasonly)和按年(yearly)。

合租的同学要共同承担的费用有电话费(phone bill),煤气费(gas bill),水费(water bill),和电费(electricity bill)。

根据这些背景知识,考生在看到题目后对可能出现答案先进行了初步的预测。

由于第二题题干中出现了rent, 所以第一题的答案只剩下deposit 和bill。

根据常识,现在在国外合租一般bill都是用卡充值,用多少充多少,所以不存在着有固定的金额$320,所以第一题的答案只剩下了deposit. 此外现在国外最普遍的交房租的形式是按月份(monthly)和按季度(seasonly)这两种,所以第二题的答案很有可能是其中一个。

第三道填空题是有关bill的承担问题,国外的房租费有两种形式,一种是包括水费,电费和煤气费(统称为utility fee),还有一种是不包括任何帐单的。

如果是第一种情况,则第三题的答案为phone ,如果是第二种情况,答案则有很多选择:water, gas, electricity , 和phone,选择任何一个都是正确的。

所以根据排除法,答案很有可能是phone。

接下来是在听力过程中,根据听到的内容‘You have to pay me three hundred and sixty dollars as a deposit before you move in. the deposit is as insurance, in case you break something. You’ll need to pay monthly to me, by cash or cheque, I don’t mind. You don’t to pay for gas, electricity or water, but you will need to pay your proportion of phone bill.’进一步证实先前的预测。

对于那些英语能力差一些的学生,即使是没听清楚听力内容,也可以根据他脑海中的固有知识来猜测可能的答案。

再举一个例子,比如《剑桥雅思真题4》第四份听力对话的section4是一个关于对鲨鱼的介绍。

其中前三个填空题是关于鲨鱼的生活习性。

1. swimming aids fins and .2. food gathered from the ocean .sharks locate food by using their .考生如果了解鲨鱼是一种靠鳍和尾巴游泳的哺乳动物,它们的活动区域一般是在海底,而且鲨鱼是靠嗅觉来觅食的。

那么他们就可以利用自己脑海中的知识推测可能的答案为鲨鱼的尾巴(tail),海底(floor or bottom),和嗅觉( sense of smell or nose)。

在听力过程中,根据听到的’this is made possible by their fins,… and the tail also helps the shark move forwad quickly.’’and they rarely swim at the surface. Mostly, they swim at the bottom of the ocean, scavernging and picking up food that’s lying on the ocean floor. … They have a very acute sense of smell and can sense the presence of food long before they can see it.’进一步认证了先前的预测。

要注意的是不同文化背景的语言学习者,由于接受的文化教育不同,在交往过程中可能会存在理解上的障碍。

中西文化在各自的教育制度、政治制度、生活方式、生活习惯、节日、习俗、交往中的称呼、问候、聊天以及对答等方面都有不同的模式,表达的方式也不同。

如果照搬母语文化然后对等套用到目的语文化表达中,肯定会影响正确的听力理解。

比如在《剑桥雅思真题3》第一份试题中section 2的一道多选题是关于能够得到免费医疗的人群的选择。

Which two groups of patients receive free medicine?A. People over 17 years old.B. Unemployed peopleC. Non-UK residents.D People over 60 years oldE Pregnant women按照我们国内的常识一般是退休或失业的人群有可能可以获得免费医疗,国内的工人一般在60退休,所以答案很有可能会预测为B,D.但是国外社会福利的保障人群更加大,包括了未成年人群(一般18岁左右算成年),孕妇,失业人群和退休人员。

相关文档
最新文档