Lecture 3 限定词(1)

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2) (a) few, (a) little 表示“少”的意思，可用(a) few, (a) little，即可 用作限定词，也可用作不定代词。A few, a little 表示“少量”，带有肯定意义。例如： Let’s invite a few friends to come with us. Here are a few more books on this subject. Few, little若不与a连用则表示否定意义,相当于 not many / much, not enough。如 I have very few chocolates left. Few (children) were tired.

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(2) Determiners with singular count nouns only a(n), one, another, each, every, either, neither, many a, such a Eg. each student, every student, another student (3) Determiners with plural count nouns only both, two, three, etc. another two/three, many, (a) few, several, these, those, a (great) number of Eg. many books, these visitors (4) Determiners with non-count nouns only a (little) bit of, a great amount of, a great deal of, (a) little, much Eg. a little money, much money
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2 Collocations between determiners
1) According to their potential position, determiners fall into three subclasses： 前位、中位、后位限定词 a) Predeterminers: all, both, half; double, twice, three times; one-third, two-fifths; what, such (a/an) b) Central determiners: the articles, demonstrative determiners, possessive determiners, genitive nouns, some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough, what (ever), which (ever), whose, etc.
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c) Postdeterminers: cardinal numerals, ordinal numerals, next, last, other, another, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the) least, more, most, several, such 此外还有plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount of,
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6) interrogative determiners — what, which, （疑问限定词） whose 7) indefinite determiners — every, enough, no （不定限定词） some, any, each 8) cardinal numerals and ordinal numerals （基数词和序数词） 9) fractional & multiplicative numerals （分数词和倍数词） 10) quantifiers – a lot of, lots of, plenty of （量词）
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--- All the four teachers ( Pr + C + Po ) --- Half his lecture ( Pr + C ) --- All other students ( Pr + Po ) --- His many friends (C + Po) --- Another five weeks ( Po + Po) --- Few such cases ( Po + Po ) (4) The lexical meanings of ―last, past, next‖ vary before or after the cardinal numeral: --- first two chapters 头两章 --- two first chapters 两个第一章 --- last two sentences 最后两个句子 --- two last sentences 两个最后的句子
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Determiners include: definite article — the 1) articles indefinite article — a/an （冠词） zero article 2) possessive determiners — my, your, his, etc
（物主限定词） 3) genitive nouns — John’s, my friend’s （名词属格） 4) demonstrative determiners — this, that, these, （指示限定词） those 5) relative determiners — whose, which （关系限定词）
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2) Word order of three subclasses of determiners Their normal order is: ―predeterminer+central determer+postdeterminer(s)‖ （注：前位或中位限定词内部是相互排斥的） No two of them ever occur together in a noun phrase: *all both students, these your students
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1.Collocations between determiners and nouns 限定词与三类名词的搭配关系
The choice of determiners is closely related to the three classes of nouns: singular count nouns, plural count nouns and non-count nouns. These three classes of nouns need appropriate determiners to collocate with. (1) Determiners with all three classes of nouns Possessive determiners, genitive nouns, definite article, some, any, no, the other, whose, my, your Eg. his book, his books, his money
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(5) Determiners with singular and plural count nouns only the first, the second, the last, the next Eg. the next meeting, the next meetings (6) Determiners with singular and non-count nouns only this, that, (the) least Eg. the least sign, the least knowledge (7) Determiners with plural and non-count nouns only A lot of, lots of, plenty of, enough, more, most, such, other, less Eg. plenty of books, plenty of water
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The last two pages (= The last and penultimate page of a book) are missing. The two last pages (The last page in each of two books) are missing. The last two pages of this book are missing. *The two last pages of this book are missing. The second last page is missing.(= the page next to the last) *The last second page is missing.
前 前 中 中



Postdeterminers are not mutually exclusive. Two or more of them can co-occur in a noun phrase: Eg. last few weeks, several hundred students Word order of determiners