阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
中高考语文阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
中高考语文阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧一、理解阅读材料的整体内容在解答阅读理解主旨大意题之前，首先要全面理解所给的阅读材料的整体内容。
通常阅读材料的开头会简要介绍文章的主题和背景，中间部分会对主题进行展开和论述，结尾部分会总结文章的观点，并提出作者的态度和建议等。
在阅读材料时，要注意抓住文章的重点和重要观点，理解各个段落之间的逻辑关系，尤其是作者提出的论点和论证过程。
通过理解整体内容，可以更好地把握文章的主旨大意。
二、注意文章的标题和关键词通常情况下，文章的标题会很好地体现出文章的主旨。
因此，阅读材料的标题是理解主旨大意的重要线索。
在阅读中，要着重理解标题所涉及的关键词，并把握关键词与文章内容的联系。
例如，如果标题是“科技与人文的和谐发展”，那么可以推测文章可能会介绍科技和人文之间的关系，以及二者相互促进的作用。
在阅读材料时，就要特别关注与科技和人文相关的内容，并将其与标题联系起来，从而找到文章的主旨。
三、从文章的结构和段落落脚处寻找线索除了标题和关键词，文章的结构和段落的落脚处也是寻找主旨的重要线索。
在写作过程中，作者一般会通过段落层次和结构来展开观点和论述。
在阅读中，可以注意一下各段落的开头和结尾，尤其是结尾处的总结或归纳部分。
通常来说，作者会在结尾部分通过总结来体现文章的主旨。
同时，还可以通过观察段落之间的逻辑关系，从整体上把握文章的结构和信息的连贯性。
四、运用排除法进行筛选在解答主旨大意题时，可以运用排除法进行筛选。
首先，将选项逐个与文章内容进行对比，先排除明显错误的选项。
然后，将剩余的选项与文章的主题和重点进行比较，选取符合文章内容和逻辑的选项。
此外，还可以通过分析选项的表达方式和态度倾向来进行筛选。
例如，如果文章中表达了正面观点和积极态度，那么选项中表达相反观点或消极态度的选项可以排除。
五、总结文章的态度和观点在解答主旨大意题时，还要注意总结文章的态度和观点。
通常来说，作者在文章中会通过逻辑推理、事实陈述、举例论证等方式来表达自己的观点和态度。
阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧+课件-2024届高三下学期英语一复习专项
选择项多为陈述句，
要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。
二、Main purpose型
常见以下几种题干形式：
①What’s the purpose of the passage/paragraph 2? ②The passage is meant to ________. ③The purpose of the article/paragraph 1 is to__. ④In this passage/paragraph 2, the writer tries to tell us that________. ⑤The passage/paragraph 3 tells us that________. ⑥The author’s main purpose in writing the passage/ paragraph 1 is to ________.
Main purpose型： 选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到某句话、某段话或
者某篇文章主要的写作目的。
三、title型
命题形式： ①The best title of the passage is________. ②Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ③The best title for the passage is_______. ④The most appropriate/suitable title of the passage is________.
⑵找主题句的方法：
用浏览法(skimming)， 即快速阅读可能是主题句的句子（文首、 文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等），搜索主 题线索和主题信息。
初中阅读理解常见题型解题思路与答题技巧汇总
初中阅读理解常见题型解题思路与答题技巧汇总阅读理解是初中语文考试中常见且重要的题型。
掌握解题思路和答题技巧，能够帮助学生更好地理解文章，准确回答问题。
本文将汇总初中阅读理解常见题型的解题思路与答题技巧，以便学生在考试中取得好成绩。
常见题型一：主旨大意题主旨大意题要求学生理解整篇文章的中心思想。
解题思路包括以下几步：1. 首先，通读全文，抓住文章的中心思想。
注意作者可能通过标题、首尾段或者关键词语来暗示主旨。
2. 其次，根据题目中的选项，选择与文章主旨最相关的选项。
注意排除那些离题的选项。
3. 最后，再次快速浏览文章并核对所选答案，确保选项与文章的核心思想一致。
答题技巧：1. 有时候，题目中的关键词可能会出现在文章中，学生应该注意这些线索。
2. 题目中的细节信息不是文章的主旨，这样的选项应该排除。
常见题型二：事实细节题事实细节题要求学生从文章中找到特定的细节信息。
解题思路包括以下几步：1. 首先，读题目并确定需要查找的具体信息。
2. 其次，扫描文章并寻找包含所需信息的段落，注意细节词或关键词。
3. 最后，确认所找到的信息与题目相符。
答题技巧：1. 阅读文章时要有重点，注意找到题目中所需要的具体事实或细节。
2. 注意排除那些与题目无关的信息。
常见题型三：推理判断题推理判断题要求学生通过对文章中的信息进行推理和判断。
解题思路包括以下几步：1. 首先，综合考虑文章中的信息和自己的知识，理解文章的意思。
2. 其次，在文章中找到与题目相关的线索，通过推理判断来回答问题。
3. 最后，选择与推理判断一致的选项。
答题技巧：1. 综合运用文章中的信息和自己的常识进行推理判断。
2. 注意区分推理和直接事实，不要被干扰选项迷惑。
常见题型四：态度观点题态度观点题要求学生判断作者的态度或观点。
解题思路包括以下几步：1. 首先，读懂文章并理解作者所表达的意思。
2. 其次，注意作者在文章中使用的词语、句子语气等线索来判断态度或观点。
中考语文阅读理解常考题型
中考语文阅读理解常考题型阅读理解是中考语文考试中常见的题型之一，考察学生对于文本的理解能力和阅读能力。
下面将介绍中考语文阅读理解的几种常见题型及解题技巧。
一、主旨大意题主旨大意题要求考生从整体上把握文章的中心思想和要点。
解题时可以按照以下步骤进行：1. 快速阅读全文，了解文章大意。
2. 梳理文章结构，找出文章的段落主题。
3. 注意文章开头和结尾，寻找关键词。
4. 排除干扰选项，选择与文章主旨最相关的选项。
二、细节理解题细节理解题要求考生根据具体的细节内容来回答问题。
解题时可以按照以下步骤进行：1. 仔细阅读问题，注意关键词和线索信息。
2. 定位原文中的相关信息，找出与问题相对应的内容。
3. 在原文中核对答案，排除干扰选项，选择正确选项。
三、推理判断题推理判断题要求考生根据文章中的信息进行推断分析，解题时可以按照以下步骤进行：1. 理解问题的意思，确定问题的要求和推断方向。
2. 找出原文中的线索信息，进行分析和推理。
3. 考虑文中的信息是否足够，做合理的推断。
4. 从选项中选择与推断结果相符合的选项。
四、观点态度题观点态度题要求考生根据文章的作者观点和态度来回答问题。
解题时可以按照以下步骤进行：1. 注意作者的观点和态度，分析文章的立场。
2. 注意作者使用的修辞手法和情感色彩。
3. 从问题中找出相关的信息，进行判断和选择。
五、综合分析题综合分析题要求考生根据多篇文章的内容进行综合分析，并回答问题。
解题时可以按照以下步骤进行：1. 仔细阅读多篇文章，理解各个文章的中心思想和要点。
2. 比较各个文章的异同点，找出共同点和差异点。
3. 分析问题中的要求，结合文章内容进行综合分析和回答。
中考语文阅读理解常考题型如上所述，希望以上内容能对同学们备战中考有所帮助。
在备考过程中，多进行模拟练习，培养良好的阅读习惯和快速阅读能力，提高解题效率和准确率。
祝愿大家取得优异的成绩！。
2025届高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及真题练习+课件
标 题
归
段落大意题 纳
文章大意题
题
主旨大意题(段落大意、文章大意、标题归纳) 旨在考查考生对段落大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力 1.段落大意题 ① What does the author tell us in paragraph...? ② Which of the following can best summarize para....? ③ What is the...paragraph mainly about? 2.文章大意题 ① What’s the main idea/point of the passage? ② Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? ③ Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage? 3.标题归纳题 ① Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ② What would be the best title for the passage?
...“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body, silky glaze(上 釉 )and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist, said...
阅读理解中的主旨大意题解题思路
阅读理解中的主旨大意题解题思路阅读理解中的主旨大意题是考察考生对文章主题和中心思想的理解
能力。
解答此类题目，需要阅读者通过对文章的整体理解和细节把握，确定文章的中心思想或主题。
下面是解答主旨大意题的一般思路。
1. 全文理解法
全文理解法是最直接的方法，通过通读全文，了解文章内容的总体
概况和主要论点，可以帮助我们捕捉到文章的主要中心思想。
这种方
法适合对篇幅较短的文章进行解答。
2. 首尾呼应法
既然主旨大意是整篇文章的中心思想，那么通常会在文章的开头或
结尾部分进行暗示。
我们可以通过关注文章的开头和结尾，并注意其
中论点的呼应和延伸，来确定文章的主旨大意。
3. 重点把握法
在阅读文章过程中，关注作者的观点陈述和细节描述，以及出现的
关键词汇、论证思路等，这些都是找寻文章主旨大意的关键信息。
通
过抓住文章的重点内容，我们可以更加准确地把握文章的主题和中心
思想。
4. 段落主题法
文章通常会由多个段落组成，每个段落都有自己的主题。
通过分析
每个段落的主题，并把握段落之间的逻辑关系，可以从整体上把握文
章的中心思想。
5. 题干引导法
有时候，题干中会明确要求考生回答文章的主题或中心思想，我们
可以通过题目中给出的关键词来回溯文章，找到相关的信息，从而确
定文章的主旨大意。
总之，解答主旨大意题的关键在于对整篇文章进行全面理解和细致
分析。
考生需要通过充分掌握文章的结构、论点、观点和细节等要素，以及灵活运用各种解题思路，来准确把握文章的中心思想。
六级阅读理解中的主旨大意题解题技巧
六级阅读理解中的主旨大意题解题技巧阅读理解是英语六级考试中的一个重要部分，而其中的主旨大意题常常是考生们头痛的难题。
本文将分享一些解题技巧，帮助考生们更好地应对主旨大意题。
一、理解文章结构在解答主旨大意题之前，我们首先要对文章的结构进行理解。
要了解文章的起承转合，并找出文章中的主线思路，这将有助于我们在解答问题时更加准确地抓住文章的主旨大意。
二、寻找关键词在阅读文章时，我们要留意到文章中的关键词。
这些关键词往往是作者表达中心思想的词语，它们是我们理解文章主旨大意的线索。
通过找到并记住这些关键词，我们能够更快地找出文章的主旨。
三、抓住段落主题句每个段落通常都有一个主题句，它表达了该段落的主旨。
当我们解答主旨大意题时，可以通过抓住每个段落的主题句，将这些主题句串联起来，形成整篇文章的主旨大意。
四、注意文章开头和结尾文章的开头和结尾往往是传递作者思想的重要部分。
开头通常会引入文章的话题，而结尾则会对文章的内容进行总结或者提出对读者的呼吁。
在解答主旨大意题时，我们可以将开头和结尾进行对比，找出主题凝聚在其中的区域，从而确定文章的主旨。
五、联系题目要求解答主旨大意题时，我们要仔细阅读题目要求，并与文章内容进行联系。
题目要求往往会给出特定的关键词或问题，我们可以通过寻找这些关键词或回答这些问题的方式来确定文章的主旨。
六、排除干扰选项在解答主旨大意题时，我们有时会遇到一些干扰选项，它们可能与文章的内容相关，但并不代表文章的主旨。
我们要学会排除这些干扰选项，将注意力集中在与文章的主题最为相关的选项上。
七、综合分析最后，在确定文章的主旨大意时，我们要进行综合分析。
结合以上的技巧，我们应该同时考虑文章的结构、关键词、段落主题句、开头结尾以及题目要求，并将它们综合起来，形成最准确的答案。
总结：在解答六级阅读理解中的主旨大意题时，我们应该充分理解文章的结构，找到关键词，抓住段落主题句，注意文章的开头结尾，联系题目要求，排除干扰选项，并进行综合分析。
主旨大意题的解题技巧
主旨大意题的解题技巧主旨大意题主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和归纳能力。
主要有主题型和标题型两类，题干中一般有main idea, topic, title, mainly about等字眼。
1、快速解题法此类题的阅读文章多属于议论文和说明文，其结构特点常表现为：提出问题——论述问题——得出结论或阐明观点。
考生对这一结构的掌握，有助于迅速掌握文章的主题，把握文章的脉络，从而快捷而准确地抓住文章或段落的中心思想。
解答此类题目的关键在于迅速抓住阅读文章的主题句。
考生只要找准了主题句，对于阅读理解中的主旨大意题就迎刃而解了。
主题句的显著特点：主题句所表达的意思具有明显的概括性；句子结构简单精练；文章或段落中的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释、说明、论证或扩展。
主题句的五种位置：①文首；②文尾；③首尾呼应；④文中；⑤没有主题句。
主题句的确定方法：用浏览法（skimming），即只需选读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
2、辨认主旨小窍门①段落中出现转折时，该句很可能是主题句。
②作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨。
③首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答可能就是文章主旨。
④提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示：therefore, thus, but, however, in short等。
3、答题基本步骤①阅读文章开头几句和最后几句，以便获得有关主题和中心思想的信息。
②浏览文章的其余部分，寻找能支撑和论证主题、中心思想的关键词。
③仔细推敲各个选项，排除有明显错误或无关信息的选项，从而选出最佳答案。
4、推敲正误小窍门①正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。
②正确选项一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
③那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项一般是正确答案。
④四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案。
⑤干扰项特点：细节信息明显，内容片面，以偏概全，只含局部信息，或是一句没有展开论述的话，概括范围太宽或太窄，或是此选项没有具体的内容。
【原创】初中英语阅读理解主旨大意题之解题技巧
shows old toothbrushes bring disease. You should often change your toothbrush. Exercise
Swimming, running, skating, skiing, dancing, walking and some other activities can help you stay healthy. You should exercise at least three times a week and for twenty minutes or more each time. Do it. Plan out your life
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可 能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或 总结。
二、解题技巧：主旨大意藏首尾，阅读技巧是关键
⑴寻找主题句，从而抓住全段的中心思想：主题句通常位于段首第一句或第 二句，但也有可能在段尾或段中。首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文 章主旨。段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句。作者有意识的反复重复的 观点通常是主旨。 ⑵概括全文，寻找文章的中心思想：做这道题得从整体把握概括全文，不能 只依据只言片语或只看文章的某一段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排， 理解 文章所写的“重心”，考虑文章组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的，分析 文章的写作方向是围绕什么中心来安排的。 ⑶概括的、抽象的、与中心思想核心名词沾边的是正确选项。 （4）在处理文章标题的选择时，要避免下列三种错误：
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之主旨大意题讲义
主旨大意题一、总体解题思路1、宏观上分清文章体裁（记叙文、科普类的说明文议论文）和捋清文章行文脉络二、记叙文：主旨一般在首段和尾段出现（扫读重点关注首尾段各段首尾句或第二句以及转折处句子）第1篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voiceand they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.and an addedsource(来源) ofAs a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]既然是记叙文一般就从首尾段找主旨I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]从首尾段提取主题词可以快速缩小选择范围提高准确率即微观上要抓住主题词那么主题词特征有以下几个●反复高频出现●绝大多数以名词为主动词和形容词为辅●出现时往往前有铺垫后有解释说明I和library 就是反复出现高频词并且说的就是I和library的关系优先排除A和B 都属于无中生有显然Young属于偷换概念只有D 和主题词切合并且逻辑关系是呼应的即I和library的关系第2篇Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume thatmore is more when it es to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about being a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, pletely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.[ 2018全国III卷D ]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子（每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that提取首尾段首先排除A 和D 显然文中没有提及属于无中生有文中是帮助孩子学习而B的向孩子学习显然属于颠倒逻辑答案C就是直接来自首段尾句其实当文章自问自答或者提出了问题那么后面的回答就是文章的主题三、科普类文章：主旨一般与研究结果或专家建议观点紧密相关快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论第3篇We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.What's the problem? It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's challenging, or we think it's unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big advantages. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to look for an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their waiter reported higher positive (积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband." says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging (归属感), a relationship with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners." he says [2018II卷D篇]通过每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找出观点结论性的词句We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.首段只是一个铺垫而第二段but转折词后面信息才是关键信息，Small talk是在文中反复出现的高频词文章结构属于总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释科普类文章的一大特点提出一个现象或问题再提出观点结论然后进行解释说明首先就可以排除A和C 那么B和D 那个和主旨更切合呢B和D结构相同都是of结构显然D文中并没有提到ways，而是反复在讲advantages第4篇We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.Oh Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.' In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at highthere were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]显然首段的首句就是一种观点，第二句又用科学研究发现来进一步证实另外evolution及近义词是反复出现的高频词文章属于总分结构：总观点+分别解释这道题难在出题者对选项答案进行了巧妙化处理并没有直接使用文中的词句故意进行了变换增加了难度和迷惑性不过可以先使用排除法B选项skills文中并未提及属于无中生有，偏离文章主题D 选项中的字眼Best绝对化像这样的选项除非文中明确指出来了，否则带有绝对性字眼的选项不要选另外文中说的是better而非best C选项methods文中也未提到属于无中生有正面分析 A 选项关键词就是remodeled 进行拆分re再次ed过去分词表完成状态model 模式模型——再模型化——重构改型含义=evolution出题者为了增加难度往往把正确答案设定成原文词的同义词近义词或短语第5篇Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overing this very tiny big problem? lt's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers e and really do an inperson review, and..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hoursand..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）首段提出问题but转折之后的尾句才是关键信息而第二段首句直接给出观点回答问题，NASA HUNCH是反复出现的词典型的总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释提出问题解决问题解释说明其实有时候归纳出文章主旨并不难，而难在出题人在选项上故意设置陷阱迷惑我们，刁难大家让你误入歧途所以我们要紧紧抓住主旨去排除错误选项，选择正确选项本文主旨说的是NASA的HUNCH项目与high school classrooms之间关系HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 那么首先可以排除A和C 因为A只讲了NASA 而后面的the home 纯属无中生有而C选项Nature是属于偷换概念用于代替NASA显然不对另外文中也没有提及outdoor classroom那么D中虽然有HUNCH 但后面讲的是大学准入改革而HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. 说的是有影响并不是说HUNCH program就是准入改革风马牛不相及只有B选项提到了Space 与NASA有关对应后面还提到homework与high school classrooms 紧密相关对应B选项同时把space和homework联系起来与文中主旨NASA与high school classrooms联系是呼应的贴合的总结解主旨题要把明确文章体裁握住文章的行文脉络和结构从每段首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找主旨段主旨句主题词从而归纳出主旨还要紧扣主旨去选择和排除那么具有迷惑性的错误答案另外明确了文章了主旨对于读懂文章和做其他题型都有帮助毕竟主旨对全文和所有的题都有统摄作用作者不可能偏离主题去写文章出题者也不可能偏离主题去出题。
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常见的题干形式如下：
•●大意类：
• What is the passage mainly about?
• What’s the main idea of this passage?
• The main idea of the passage is ...
●标题类：
• What's the best title for the passage?
2
针对讲解
B
Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip
②MMagaeglelllaann’wassvofyraogme Pwoarstuthgeal, but he sailed for the King of Spafiirns.t trOipn aSreoputnedmbtheer w2o0r,ld1.519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they
reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one
year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months
and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh
killed. His men fled and continued their voyage
across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest
difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By
the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, 400018-
water. Many of them died of hunger and diseasMesa.gTehlelyanev’en shad
to liPvaeraognraspahwd2u: st. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the
PhilippiTnhee pIrsolcaensdss,ofwMhaegreellhaen’wass killed. contilnounegddtifhfieciurlt vvooyyaaggee across the Indian
seven out of every eight men had died.
③PMargaeglrlaapnh’3s: voyage proved that men could sail around the world andMatghealtlano’urs evaorytahgeids but a huge ball.
Locusts are super delicious food for birds, but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them.
Brown bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests.
Magellan’s voyage proved the earth is round.
①Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip around the
world.PaIrtagtraopokh 1t:hem more than two years to do so by ship.
•
The
best
title
for
the
pa..400018-
●作者意图类：
• What's the writer's purpose in writing the passage ?
• The writer wrote the passage in order to_____.
题： What is the main ideas of this passage? 018A. Some insects and animals have different skills. B. Some insects and animals are clever than we think. C. Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves. D. Some insects and animals can get used to the environment easily.
400018-
•1、以偏概全，片面地理解文章，把文章中的某一个观点当成整篇 文章的主题。 •2、过于笼统，放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或缩小。
2
针对讲解
A
In nature, you may see many insects (昆虫）and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondered why?
The process of Magellan’ s long difficult voyage
2
针对讲解
③Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to survive, they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at nig400h- t.
1 考纲解读
三、 Techniques/skills
•1.寻找主题句，归纳文章大意； （重视首段尾段和每一段段首句 段尾句，利用信息词确定主题句） •（常见信息词：for example, an example of, first, second, next, then, finally, besides that, so，however, but ）
seven out of every eight men had died.
2
针对讲解
Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around
the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.
题：Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
Hisvmoenyaflgeed and
Ocean. It was with
the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Goed
Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,
400-
of South America, they reached the Pa018-cific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water .
A. Magellan’s death B. Going Around The World C. The World Is Round D. Magellan’s Voyage
2
针对讲解
① Magellan’s men were the first to make the trip
around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.
•2.留心关键词，抓住文章主旨。（文章中专有400- 的人名地名和时间； 本文反复出现的与主题有关的名词动词和形容018-词。）
1 考纲解读
三、 Techniques/skills
•3.标题归纳题方法突破
•在解答标题归纳这种题型时，首先要考虑标题对文章的概括性或 覆盖面的程度
Ps 注意干扰项的陷阱：
2
针对讲解
Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even
had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521,
Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was