美国农业发展 英语
美国农业发展英语阅读理解
美国农业发展英语阅读理解During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of food and feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid rate. Corn production increased by four and a half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times. The most crucial factor behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of labor-saving machinery by northern farmers. By 1850 horse-drawn reaping machines that cut grain were being introduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country. Horse-powered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in general use. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture.With much of the labor force inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new labor-saving equipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country; five years later there were 350,000.After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880 a self-binding reaper hadbeen perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and bound them with twine. Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses. Since steam-powered threshing machines were costly items —running from $ 1,000 to $4,000 — they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from farm to farm during the harvest season. "Combines" were also coming into use on the great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines — sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses — reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation.1. What aspect of farming in the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How labor-saving machinery increased crop Production(B) Why southern farms were not as successful as Successful as northern farms(C) Farming practices before the Civil War(D) The increase in the number of people farming2. The word "crucial" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) obvious(B) unbelievable(C) important(D) desirable3. The phrase "avail themselves" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) take care(B) make use(C) get rid(D) do more4.According to the passage , why was the Civil War a stimulus for mechanization?(A) The army needed more grain in order to feed the soldiers.(B) Technology developed for the war could also the used by farmers.(C) It was hoped that harvesting more grain would lower the price of grain.(D) Machines were needed to replace a disappearing labor force.答案ACBD。
高一英语下册必修三知识点解析：Modernagriculture
【导语】让我们共同努⼒，培养良好的学习习惯，胸怀梦想，珍惜时间，发奋学习，⽴志成才，让青春载着梦想飞扬！这篇关于《⾼⼀英语下册必修三知识点解析：Modern agriculture》是⾼⼀频道为你准备的，希望你喜欢！⼀、课⽂背景知识在社会发展进程中，农业经历了原始农业( primitive agriculture )、传统农业( traditional agriculture )和现代农业( modern agriculture )三个发展阶段。
19世纪40年代到20世纪初，是全世界传统农业向现代农业的过渡时期;⽽从20世纪初期到50年代，是现代农业的确⽴时期。
现代农业有四个重⼤特点：⼀是⽣物科学的发展和杂交优势理论的应⽤使⼈类能够通过育种⼿段，选择和要培育出品类繁多、⾼产优质的农作物和禽新品种，摆脱了对天然品种的依赖。
⼆是化学肥料和农药的发明和⽣产，建⽴了农⽤化学⼯业，提供了农作物所需养分和减轻了病⾍草的危害。
三是蒸⽓机的发明，促进了机械化和半机械化农具的⼴泛应⽤，以现代⼯业技术和设备武装农业，实⾏区域布局、专业化⽣产，集约化经营，显著提⾼劳动⽣产率和⼟地利⽤率。
四是这四⼤类技术的交织和综合，为农业⽣产开创了⼀个新纪元，使农作物和蓄禽产品⼤幅度增长。
⼤约在200年间，农民基本上采⽤传统耕耘⽅式，农作物产量很低，差不多每100个农民⼀年的⾟勤劳作进能养活两个居民;现在⼀个⾼效率的农民⼀年劳作可以⽣产6万~10万千克粮⾷，3000~4000千克⾁⾷，⾜可以养活200~300个居民。
过去⼀个农民⽣产100千克粮⾷需要1-2天的劳动，⽽现在只需要⼏秒钟就⾜够了。
现代农业的核⼼是科学化，特征是商品化，⽅向是集约化，⽬标是产业化。
现代农业是与⽣态农业( eco-agriculture )，旅游观光农业( sight-seeing agriculture )，绿⾊⾷品(green food )，⽆公害蔬菜( healthy vegetables )，以及可持续发展( sustainable development )息息相关的。
美国北部农场种植玉米的英语文章
美国北部农场种植玉米的英语文章Corn Farming in Northern United StatesCorn farming is an essential part of the agriculturalindustry in the northern United States. With vast stretches of fertile land and a favorable climate, this region is known forits high-quality corn production. Farmers in states like Iowa, Nebraska, Illinois, and Minnesota dedicate large portions oftheir land to growing this staple crop. In this article, we will e某plore the process of corn farming in the northern United States and its significance for the economy and food supply.Before planting, farmers carefully select the corn hybrids they will cultivate. These hybrids have been bred to possess specific traits such as disease resistance, high yield potential, and adaptation to local climates. Planting typically takes place in late spring when soil temperatures are optimal for germination. Modern machinery, such as planters equipped with GPS technology, ensure precise seed placement and row spacing, resulting in more efficient and uniform growth.Corn farming in the northern United States not only contributes significantly to the nation's food supply but also plays a vital role in its economy. Corn is a versatile crop used for human consumption, animal feed, and fuel production, such as ethanol. The industry provides employment opportunities for numerous farmers, farm workers, equipment manufacturers, andrelated industries. Additionally, corn production supports a massive infrastructure of transportation, storage, and processing facilities.In conclusion, corn farming in the northern United States is a well-established and economically important agricultural activity. Through careful planning, diligent cultivation, and modern farming techniques, farmers in this region consistently produce high-quality corn that contributes to both food security and economic prosperity.。
美国植物农业总结汇报英文
美国植物农业总结汇报英文Agriculture in the United States has a rich history, with plant agriculture playing a crucial role in the country's economy and food production. This report aims to provide a summary of the current state of plant agriculture in the United States, highlighting its significance, challenges faced, and future prospects.1. Importance of Plant AgriculturePlant agriculture is a cornerstone of the American economy, contributing significantly to GDP and employment. The United States is a major producer and exporter of various crops, including corn, soybeans, wheat, and cotton. Agriculture also provides essential raw materials for the food and beverage, textile, and pharmaceutical industries.2. Major CropsCorn is the most extensively grown crop in the United States, with millions of acres dedicated to its cultivation. Besides serving as a staple food, corn is also used in various industrial processes, including ethanol production and livestock feed. Soybeans are another major crop, with the United States being the world's largest exporter. Wheat, cotton, and rice are also significant commodities produced in the country.3. Technological AdvancementsThe United States has been at the forefront of agricultural innovation, consistently adopting new technologies to increase productivity and efficiency. The introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has revolutionized plant agriculture, enhancing crop yields while reducing the use of pesticides andherbicides. Precision agriculture, incorporating satellite imagery, GPS systems, and data analytics, has also gained prominence, allowing farmers to make informed decisions related to planting, irrigation, and fertilization.4. Sustainable AgricultureWhile technological advancements have improved agricultural practices, sustainability remains a significant concern. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and water resources has led to environmental degradation, soil erosion, and water pollution. The government and various organizations are promoting sustainable practices, such as crop rotation, integrated pest management, and conservation tillage, to mitigate these issues.5. Climate Change and ResilienceClimate change poses additional challenges to plant agriculture. Rising temperatures, unpredictable weather patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events directly impact crop growth and yield. Farmers are adopting adaptive practices, such as changing planting dates, utilizing drought-resistant crop varieties, and implementing irrigation management techniques, to build resilience against climate change.6. Challenges and OpportunitiesPlant agriculture in the United States faces several challenges, including increasing international competition, fluctuating commodity prices, and the aging farming population. Access to capital, land, and labor also remains a concern for many farmers. However, these challenges also present opportunities for innovation, diversification, and market expansion. The demand fororganic and locally produced food is growing, providing a niche market for small-scale farmers.7. Future ProspectsThe future of plant agriculture in the United States lies in sustainable, technology-driven practices that embrace environmental stewardship. Increasing research and development investments in crop science, genetics, and farming techniques are essential to address emerging challenges and ensure food security. Additionally, supporting young farmers, fostering agricultural education, and promoting efficient trade policies can strengthen the resilience and competitiveness of the sector.In conclusion, plant agriculture plays a crucial role in the United States, driving economic growth, providing essential commodities, and ensuring food security. The sector faces various challenges, such as sustainability, climate change, and market dynamics, but also presents abundant opportunities for innovation and growth. By embracing sustainable practices, investing in research and development, and supporting the farming community, the United States can continue to thrive in the field of plant agriculture.。
农业英语词汇大全了解农业科技的发展
农业英语词汇大全了解农业科技的发展农业是人类社会最基本的产业之一，而随着科技的发展，农业也得到了很大的改进和提升。
了解农业科技的发展对于农业从业人员和农业爱好者来说都是十分重要的。
本文将介绍一些与农业相关的英语词汇，帮助读者更好地了解农业科技的发展。
一、农业机械化技术（Agricultural Mechanization Technology）1. 拖拉机（Tractor）- 农业机械化的核心设备之一，用于耕种、收割、运输等。
2. 播种机（Seeder）- 用于将种子均匀地撒在土地上。
3. 收割机（Harvester）- 用于收割农作物，如小麦、玉米等。
二、农业生产与管理（Agricultural Production and Management）1. 灌溉系统（Irrigation System）- 用于给农田进行定量的供水，提高农作物的产量和质量。
2. 施肥（Fertilization）- 给土壤中的植物提供营养以促进其生长。
3. 病虫害防治（Pest and Disease Control）- 采用合理的方法预防和控制病虫害对作物的损害。
三、农产品加工与贮藏（Agricultural Product Processing and Storage）1. 食品加工（Food Processing）- 对农产品进行加工，如面粉加工、果汁加工等。
2. 冷藏技术（Refrigeration Technology）- 用于保持农产品的新鲜度和延长其贮藏期限。
3. 真空包装（Vacuum Packaging）- 通过排除包装中的空气，减少细菌和氧气对食品的影响。
四、农业环境与资源保护（Agricultural Environmental and Resource Protection）1. 土壤保持（Soil Conservation）- 采取措施保护和改善土壤的质量，减少土壤侵蚀。
2. 水资源保护（Water Resource Protection）- 合理利用水资源，防止水污染和水体退化。
美国农业合作社与农业产业化外文文献翻译中英文
美国农业合作社与农业产业化外文文献翻译中英文最新（节选重点翻译）英文Managing uncertainty and expectations: The strategic response of U.S.agricultural cooperatives to agricultural industrializationJulie HogelandAbstractThe 20th century industrialization of agriculture confronted U.S. agricultural cooperatives with responding to an event they neither initiated nor drove. Agrarian-influenced cooperatives used two metaphors, “serfdom” and “cooperatives are like a family” to manage uncertainty and influence producer expectations by predicting industrialization's eventual outcome and cooperatives’ producer driven compensation.The serfdom metaphor alluded to industrialization's potential to either bypass family farmers, the cornerstone of the economy according to agrarian ideology, or to transform them into the equivalent of piece-wage labor as contract growers. The “family” metaphor reflects how cooperatives personalized the connection between cooperative and farmer-member to position themselves as the exact opposite of serfdom. Hypotheses advanced by Roessl (2005) and Goel (2013) suggest that intrinsic characteristics of family businesses such as a resistance to change and operating according to a myth of unlimited choice andindependence reinforced the risk of institutional lock-in posed by agrarian ideology.To determine whether lock-in occurred, Woerdman's (2004) neo-institutional model of lock-in was examined in the context of late 20th century cooperative grain and livestock marketing. Increasingly ineffective open markets prompted three regional cooperatives to develop their own models of industrialized pork production. Direct experience with producer contracting allowed cooperatives to evade institutional and ideological lock-in.Keywords：Cooperatives，Agricultural industrialization，Agrarianism，Expectations，Family business，Family farming，Metaphors，Lock-inIntroductionRecent fluctuation in global financial markets led a panel of cooperative leaders to identify uncertainty as the primary managerial difficulty anticipated by cooperatives in the future (Boland, Hogeland, & McKee, 2011). Likewise, the 20th century industrialization of agriculture confronted cooperatives with the challenge of responding to an event they neither initiated nor drove. When the environment is highly uncertain and unpredictable, Oliver predicts that organizations will increase their efforts to establish the illusion or reality of control and stability over future organizational outcomes (Oliver, 1991: 170). This study argues thatcooperatives used two metaphors, “serfdom” and “cooperatives are like a family” to manage uncertainty by predicting industrialization's eventual outcome and cooperatives’ producer-driven compensation.These metaphors are agrarian. Recent research highlights the impact of agrarian ideology on cooperatives. Foreman and Whetten (2002: 623)observe, “co-ops have historically sought to reinforce the traditions and values of agrarianism through education and social interventions. Indeed, for many members these normative goals of a co-op have been preeminent.” These authors studied the tension within rural cooperatives produced by a normative system encompassing family and ideology and a utilitarian system defined by economic rationality, profit maximization and self-interest. They argue that this split in values implies that cooperatives are essentially two different organizations trying to be one. To capture the tension between these multiple identities, they focused on a potential family/business divide in cooperatives, basing this on a duality often noted in cooperative community and trade publications.The authors found that respondents wanted their local co-op to be more business oriented and at the same time, expected co-ops ideally (e.g., as an ideal organizational form) to be more family focused. These conflicting expectations suggested that multiple-identity organizations need to be assessed in terms of the individual components of their identity and the tension (or interaction) between them. Foreman and Whettenregard dual or multiple identity organizations as hybrids. There are consequences to hybridity: many members of a hybrid organization will identify with both aspects of its dual identity, “and thus find themselves embracing competing goals and concerns associated with distinctly different identity elements” (Foreman and Whetten, 2002). They conclude that competing goals and concerns foster competing expectations with consequences for organizational commitment (and I would add, performance).The split focus observed by Foreman and Whetten can be regarded as a contemporary expression of a value conflict beginning early in the 20th century over how production agriculture should be organized. Decentralized, autonomous, and typically small, family farmers used their skill at deciding the “what, when, where, how and why” of production and marketing to reduce the risk of being a price taker at open, competitive markets. Farmers also diversified the farm enterprise to spread price risk over several commodities. Corporate-led industrialized agriculture (integrators) by-passed both markets and independent farmers. Integrators coordinated supply and demand internally based on top-down administrative control over production and marketing decisions. They engaged in production contracting with growers who were held to competitive performance standards and paid according to their productivity. In contrast, family farmers were accountable only tothemselves.Study overviewFoss (2007) observes that the beliefs organizations hold about each other or the competitive environment are a key aspect of strategic management which have been understudied. Beliefs, which include norms and expectations, are important because they can be wrong. Cooperatives are often considered to have an ideological component but how such ideology develops and persists also has been understudied. This study addresses that gap by examining how agrarian language and assumptions shaped cooperatives’ reaction to 20th century agricultural industrialization. During this era, industrial methods transformed the production and marketing of processing vegetables, poultry, beef, and pork and were initiated for dairy and grains. An historical and institutional perspective is used to examine how two contrasting metaphors brought cooperatives to the brink of institutional lock-in. The study spans the entire 20th century from beginning to close.The study opens with a brief discussion of metaphors and norms then presents a theoretical model of lock-in. Discussion of the overarching role of agrarianism follows. Discussion then addresses why the cooperative alternative to corporate-led industrialization –the 1922 model developed by Aaron Sapiro –was not palatable to agrarian-influenced cooperatives (this section also definesagrarian-influenced cooperatives).Discussion then turns to considering how the disturbing implications of serfdom paved the way for the agrarian-influenced norm, “cooperatives as a competitive yardstick” and the cooperative metaphorical n orm, “cooperatives are like a family.” Producer expectations triggered by “serfdom” and “cooperatives are like a family” are addressed. Parallels are briefly drawn between neighborhood exchange in late 19th century rural California and behavior implied in “cooperatives are like a family.” Parallels are then drawn between family business traits and cooperative and producer experience in livestock and identity-preserved grain markets. This provides a foundation for examining in greater detail how well cooperative experience in pork and grains corresponded to Woerdman's four part model of lock-in (2004). Study conclusions and suggestions for future research follow.Importance of ideology, metaphor and normsEconomists have begun studying how cognition and discourse affect cooperative outcomes (Fulton, 1999). This study continues that line of inquiry by considering how a dominant ideology like agrarianism produced words and associations that, for most of the 20th century, arguably had a deterministic effect on farmer and cooperative perceptions of the future. Even today, few guidelines or predictions exist that suggest how organizations can manage ideological conflict (Greenwood, Raynard,Kodeih, Micelotta, & Lounsbury, 2011). Moreover, the difficulties of escaping a hegemonic ideology have seldom been recognized (Spencer, 1994).Metaphors are a pithy word or expression meant to evoke a comparison. They are used to understand one thing in terms of another (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980: 5). Understanding what metaphors represent and how they emerge and persist can offer a window into the salient factors influencing farmer and cooperative decision-making. Moreover, as in this text, metaphors “allow for the sorts of story in which overwhelming evidence in favor of one interpretation of the world can be repeatedly ignored, even though this puts the assets of the firm and the position of the decision-makers at extraordinary risk” (Schoenberger, 1997: 136).Much of what Pfeffer and Salancik (2003) say about norms also applies to how metaphors are used in this study. For example, these authors observe that an important function of norms is to provide predictability in social relationships so that each party can rely on the assurances provided by the other. Consequently, norms stress the meeting of expectations in an exchange relationship. Certainly, the metaphor, cooperatives are like a family, can be understood in the same manner. Defining norms as commonly or widely shared sets of behavioral expectations, Pfeffer et al. also indicate that norms develop underconditions of social uncertainty to increase the predictability of relationships for the mutual advantage of those involved. Once they cease to serve those interests norms break down.California's early industrializationIt seems reasonable to assume that agrarianism's belief in the pivotal importance of agriculture was shared to some degree by all U.S. cooperatives. However, unique features of California's agriculture, particularly in the Central Valley, predisposed it to industrialize some decades earlier than the Midwest, Great Plains, and Northeast (McClelland, 1997). The latter continued to rely on patriarchal family farm labor and so, for this paper, are assumed to represent the core domain of agrarian-influenced cooperatives. These areas lacked access to the supply of excess ethnic or minority labor which McClelland indicates prepared California for industrialization by 1910. Added to this advantage was California's legacy of estate or hacienda production which boosted cultural familiarity and acceptance of large scale production (Hogeland, 2010).In 1922, California attorney and cooperative organizer Aaron Sapiro combined elements of California experience into a model of cooperative organization and marketing popularly kno wn as “orderly marketing.” Sapiro began by extolling industrialization: “The factory system is recognized as the key to all forms of productive industries to-day all overthe world-except in agriculture… The farmer is the only part of modern industry… in which you have individual production” (Sapiro, 1993: 81).In general, Sapiro offered a cooperative alternative to producers’ tendency to dump excess supply from bumper harvests on the market. Instead, cooperatives should provide a home for the growers’ prod uct and use accumulated inventory to develop new products to stimulate consumer demand. Investing in processing or preservation technologies –canning, refrigeration and drying –would allow cooperatives to release excess production to the market in a prog ressive “orderly” manner.For example, by 1925 Sunkist growers had increased fruit utilization by transforming oranges from a single hand-held breakfast fruit to a glass of juice made from multiple oranges. The Sunkist extractor was specifically designed to use off-size fruit and wind-damaged fruit that would not sell as fancy Sunkist table fruit because all produced the same quality juice (Nourse, 1925). In 1922, Sun Maid scored a consumer success by packaging raisins in convenient snack-sized boxes called “Little Sun Maids” (Gary Marshburn, telephone conversation, July 24, 2008; Cotterill, 1984).The far-sighted orderly marketing norm anticipated the values of industrialized agriculture, urging cooperatives to guarantee supply through marketing contracts with some 85–95 percent of producer-members (Sapiro's recommended target). This commitmentcould propel the cooperative into being sole supplier of a particular specialty crop. (Such specialization was facilitated by California's geographically compact micro-climates).Sapiro's model provided a template for important 20th century specialty crop cooperatives outside of California, notably, Ocean Spray Cooperative (cranberries) and Welch's (Concord grapes). However, Sapiro's model represented a highly specialized, marketing-intensive cooperative that was conceptually and financially out of reach of the small family farmers in the Midwest, Great Plains, and the Northeast who produced fungible commodities like milk, meat and grains.6Cooperative philosopher and economist Edwin Nourse commented on cooperatives performing agricultural rationing such as orderly marketing:To be sure, a few cooperatives which stand in a class by themselves have already attained a degree of success comparable with the best achievements in industrial lines. But these are in comparatively small branches of specialized agriculture where economic organization was already on a high level. Before anything like the same result could be achieved in the great staple lines of production, where the demand for [price] stabilization is most acute, there would have to be a fair degree of concentration of executive responsibility in their operating organization (Nourse, 1930: 132).Serfdom's implicationsDuring the 1920s and 1930s –considered a “golden age” of agriculture – collective action surged. Rudimentary markets and chaotic distribution channels for basic commodities like milk, grain, and fruit provided new opportunities for cooperative marketing. Moreover, new antitrust legislation curbed many of the horizontally-integrated “trusts” dominating 19th century meat packing, oil, railroads and grain markets.Nevertheless, as early as 1922, Nourse saw emerging within agriculture market power so centralized and hierarchical it seemed feudal (Nourse, 1922: 589). Subsequently, the metaphor of “serfdom” was used throughout the 20th century by agrarian-influenced cooperatives to suggest how industrialization's contract production could reduce entrepreneurial and independent farmers to the equivalent of hired hands – so-called “piece wage labor.”In 1900, most counties could point to someone who started as a tenant or laborer and through hard work, luck, sharp dealing or intelligent cultivation, retired as a landlord owing several farms (Danbom, 1979: 7). In 1917, Ely introduced the concept of the ‘agricultural ladder’ as a model of occupational progression to farm ownership. The ladder showed how the agrarian virtue of hard work could allow a landless, unpaid family laborer to progress from being a hired hand and tenant farmer to an independent owner-operator (Kloppenburg & Geisler, 1985). Yet, the serfdom metaphor suggested just how tenuous such occupationalprogression could be.Late 19th century farmers formed cooperatives in response to market exploitation or failure. Although such exploitation affected farmer costs and returns, as a rule it did not impinge on farmers’ understanding of themselves as entrepreneurial and independent. Agrarian ideology lauded family farmers for taking on the risks of farming with a frontier attitude of self-reliance. Such farmers answered to no one except themselves. The small farmer was “first of all a self-directing individualist who could be counted on to resist with vigor the encroachments of outside authority” (Robinson, 1953: 69).Industrialized agriculture brought a new institutional logic to agriculture by putting efficiency and profitability first and using vertical integration to bypass farmers’ decision-making power over agriculture. Industrialization was market driven, seeking growth in identifying and satisfying consumer preferences. Research has indicated that the norms and prescriptions dictated by family logics are often at odds with the prescriptions dictated by markets (Greenwood et al., 2011).Power, reflected in ownership and governance arrangements, determines which logics will more easily flow into organizations and be well received (Greenwood et al., 2011). Family logics formally embedded into an organization's ownership structure are a very effective conduit for increasing familial influences within the organization. Not surprisingly,farmer-owned cooperatives believed they had a mandate to protect and foster family farming (Hogeland, 2006).中文管理不确定性和期望：美国农业合作社与农业产业化朱莉·霍格兰摘要20世纪的农业产业化使美国农业合作社面对很大的不确定性。
美国农业发展现状及未来趋势分析英文版
美国农业发展现状及未来趋势分析英文版The Current State and Future Trends of Agricultural Development in the United StatesIntroductionAgriculture plays a critical role in the United States' economy, food security, and environmental sustainability. This article aims to provide an analysis of the current status of agricultural development in the United States and predict future trends that could shape the industry.Current State of Agricultural Development1. Technological AdvancementsThe United States has been at the forefront of agricultural innovation, leveraging advanced technology to boost productivity and efficiency. Precision agriculture, for example, utilizes satellite imagery, GPS, and sensors to optimize inputs such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides, resulting in higher yields and reduced environmental impact.2. Sustainability and Conservation EffortsWith growing concerns over climate change and environmental degradation, the agricultural sector in the United States has witnessed an increasing emphasis on sustainability practices. Farmers are adopting conservation measures, including crop rotation, cover cropping, and integrated pest management, to improve soil health, water quality, and biodiversity.3. Organic FarmingConsumer demand for organic food has skyrocketed in recent years, prompting more farmers to adopt organic farming practices. Organic agriculture emphasizes natural inputs, biodiversity, and environmentally friendly pest management techniques. In response tothis trend, the United States has witnessed a significant increase in the number of certified organic farms.4. Trade and Global MarketsThe United States is recognized as a major exporter of agricultural products, ranging from grains and meat to fruits and vegetables. Increased global demand for American agricultural products has driven expansion and specialization in certain sectors. Trade relationships, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the recently negotiated United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), have facilitated agricultural exports to neighboring countries.Future Trends in Agricultural Development1. Climate Change AdaptationClimate change poses significant challenges to the agricultural sector, including droughts, extreme weather events, and shifting growing seasons. In response, the United States will likely see increased investments in research and development for climate-resilient crop varieties, precision irrigation techniques, and sustainable agronomic practices to mitigate the impact of climate change.2. Digital AgricultureThe convergence of agriculture and digital technology, often referred to as "agtech" or "digital agriculture," is expected to reshape the farming landscape. Artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and robotic automation can revolutionize planting, monitoring, and harvesting processes. These technologies have the potential to enhance productivity, reduce labor needs, and optimize resource usage.3. Vertical Farming and Controlled Environment AgricultureAs urbanization continues, there will be a growing need for localized food production. Vertical farming and controlled environment agriculture offer opportunities to cultivate crops in urban settings using vertical stacking and controlled climateconditions. These innovative farming methods reduce the reliance on traditional arable land, conserve water, and minimize the use of pesticides and fertilizers.4. Shift towards Plant-Based ProteinsChanging dietary preferences and concerns about the environmental impact of animal agriculture are driving a shift towards plant-based proteins in the global food market. The United States is likely to witness a significant increase in the production and consumption of plant-based protein alternatives, such as soy-based products and meat substitutes, creating new opportunities for farmers and food processors.ConclusionThe United States' agricultural sector is evolving to meet the challenges and opportunities of a rapidly changing world. Technological advancements, sustainability efforts, organic farming, and global trade have characterized the current state of agricultural development. Looking ahead, climate change adaptation, digital agriculture, vertical farming, and the rise of plant-based proteins are expected to shape the industry's future. As the nation strives for increased productivity, food security, and environmental sustainability, it is crucial for stakeholders to embrace innovation and collaborate for a prosperous and resilient agricultural future.。
美国农业结构英文作文
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The US has large manufacturing ,like Computer and eletronic products ;chemicals,fOOd ,tobacco and berverages;and petroleum products .
They acccont for about 51％ of the US Manufacturing GDP.
of military aircraft ,helicopters,space
vehicles and missiles.
Nature’s bounty Effective use of machines
Big surprise people
:one
farmer=75
Brightness:
the richness of US agriculture is mainly due to the vastness of the nation and the generosity of nature
The Boeing
company
The Boeing company
1.It is the foremost manufacturer of commercial jet transport aircraft in the world.
2.it is also a leading producer
Darkness:
low profit caused by crop trading surpluses Environment damage with the large use of artificial fertilizers and toxic chemicals
Manufacturing Industry
AHale Waihona Puke erican Agriculture
American Agricultural
belt distribution
fruit vegetables
Dairy belt
Corn
Cotton
Importance
Basic needs Foundation of American economic life
A bound of continuity present and past
between
It includes farmer cooperatives, rural banks, shippers of farm products, commodity dealers, firms that manufacture farm equipment, food-processing industries, grocery chains and many other business.
Many big farms hire temporary workers only for a specific chore—such as picking crops. Many of these seasonal workers travel from farm to farm, staying only until the crops are picked. They are known as migrant workers.