英语演讲的典型语篇模式

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英文演讲模板(通用3篇)

英文演讲模板(通用3篇)

英文演讲模板(通用3篇)英文演讲模板(1)I have been in college for about one year. During my stay here, I came to realize that college life is like drinking coke. We experie nce all tastes of life here, sour, sweet, bitter and hot.I am from Province, which is far away from here. I often miss my Mum, friends, and relatives in my hometown. However, I can't s ee them very often. So loneliness always keeps me company. I am sad that I can't be there with them.Lucky for me, life in college is rich and colorful. With more free time,we can do many more things besides study, such as joining s ocieties clubs, and taking part-time jobs. Such activities not only ma ke our life more colorful, but also help us improve all kinds of skill s. The college is a society miniature, what we learn here will benefit our future life.Our path in life will not always be smooth. Setbacks can't be av oided. Failing an important exam, break up with boy or girl friend, or refused by a promising company, such setbacks are likely to get us down. Sometimes we fell so frustrated that we even burst into tears.Drinkin coke is wonderful, despite the undesirble consequent hic cups. It's bitter, sour and peppery, but also sweet. And you'll even f eel excited after gulping down a glass. A college experience is part of growing up. We cry, smile, fall in love, get hurt, leave, learn and then we become a better person.college life is like drinking coke. I'm experiencing it. And I know, I enjoy it!英文演讲模板(2)good morning everyone. my name is zhang san. today my topic is my college life. i wish i could share my happiness and annoyanc e i have experienced with you all. four years ago i came into the ci ty of baoding and started my college life in ncepu, the most memo rable journey of my life. i was just a shy and little boy that time. al l the things seemed fresh to me: new faces, military training, large l ibrary and physics lab etc. i breathed the air of college greedily, bu t to tell the truth, the air in baoding is terrible. it’s really hard to explain my feelings that time: curiousenergeticin one word, i was re ally happy that time.and now i am going to graduate in july. recalling to the four y ears, i think i have to talk about one thing-----learning. learn how to study independently, learn how to get along with others, learn to love, learn tooh, there are too much things we have to learn.another relationship in college is friendship. my roommates hav e lived four years with me. in these years, they forgive my faults, cr y with me, laugh with me, play with methey always stand with me and support me, i have learned a lot from them. i love them all an d treasure the friendship with them.that’s my college life. i cherish all i have experienced in college.i love you, my college!that’s all, thank you!英文演讲模板(3)春节英文演讲稿模板春节英文演讲稿一When clock is belling,my heart ripple along with it,to distant wit h you,transmit my missing,to be joyful!My dear friend!Please open the window,let the new year's wind blow your roo m and the snow flying in,my warming wish flutter to your heart!Flowers are disseminationing fragrant,friendship transmissing war m,hope us to brimming in a happy year,wishes you: Happy New Ye ar! Best wishes! Does not experience the wind and rain, how can see the rainbow?nobody can casually succeed!So refuel!The same as New year!Missing are a smell of flower fragrance,inundated the mountain valley,cover your and me,and blessing are the boundless attention,o verflow the eye,until the heart.We hugging and listening the new ye ar'clock,just like listening the breath of annual,crowding around our same dream,making the sincerly blessing with the ture love,Happy New Year!My dear friend!wish you happy usually,have the vitality continua lly,still have happiness and content,I'm very happy to cooperate wit h you in the past year,hoped you best wishes in the new year!The breeze lightly strokes,the white clouds far pass,in my heart was the eternal friendship,willing my blessing is the most freshest,and you w ill take it to your heart春节英文演讲稿二Spring FestivalSpring Festival is the Chinese New Year Day. I enjoy it very mu ch. On the Chinese New Year Day, some of our relatives come to vi sit us. They often give me some lucky money. Then I would play wi th their children. We often play firecrakers together, which is quite i nteresting.At night the whole family would sit together, talking and watchi ng TV programmes. Sometimes we take pictures of the whole famil y members in the house. I often go to bed late during the holiday, but I don't feel fired at all. I think the Spring Festival is the most enjoyable day for every family in China.春节英文演讲稿三January first. The beginning of a new year. As far back in histor y as we can tell, people have celebrated the start of a new year.The people of ancient Egypt began their new year in summer. T hat is when the Nile River flooded its banks, bringing water and fer tility to the land. The people of ancient Babylonia and Persia began their new year on March twenty-first, the first day of spring. And, some Native American Indians began their new year when the nuts of the oak tree became ripe. That was usually in late summer.Now, almost everyone celebrates New Year's Day on January fir st. Today, as before, people observe the New Year's holiday in man y different ways.The ancient Babylonians celebrated by forcing their king to give up his crown and royal clothing. They made him get down on his knees and admit all the mistakes he had made during the past yea r.This idea of admitting wrongs and finishing the business of the old year is found in many societies at new year's. So is the idea o f making resolutions. A resolution is a promise to change your way s. To stop smoking, for example. Or to get more physical exercise.Noise-making is another ancient custom at the new year. The n oise is considered necessary to chase away the evil spirits of the ol d year. People around the world do different things to make a lot of noise. They may hit sticks together. Or beat on drums. Or blow horns. Or explode fireworks.Americans celebrate the New Year in many ways.Most do not have to go to work or school. So they visit family and friends. Attend church services. Share a holiday meal. Or watc h new year's parades on television. Two of the most famous parade s are the Mummer's Parade in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the R ose Parade in Pasadena, California. Both have existed for many year s.Americans also watch football on television on New Year's Day. Most years, university teams play in special holiday games.For those who have been busy at work or school, New Year's may be a day of rest. They spend the time thinking about, and pre paring for, the demands of the new year.。

英语一分钟演讲模板示例

英语一分钟演讲模板示例

英语一分钟演讲模板示例英语一分钟演讲是很多场合都需要展示的能力,它可以帮助我们更好地表达自己的想法,展示自己的才华,同时也可以增加我们的自信心和决策力。

但是一个好的演讲需要一定的准备和技巧,下面我们就来分享一些英语一分钟演讲模板示例,希望能对大家有所帮助。

模板一:开场白+ 主题介绍Good morning/afternoon/evening everybody, today I would like to talk about (主题).(主题)is a very important issue in our daily life/work/study, and it affects us in many different ways. In the following 60 seconds, I will share with you some relevant information and my personal opinions on this topic.模板二:提出问题+ 表达观点Have you ever thought about the significance of(问题)in our life/work/study? As far as I am concerned,(观点).(论据). Based on these reasons, I strongly believe that we should pay more attention to this issue and take action to address it.模板三:引用名言+ 主题讨论As the famous saying goes, “(名言)”. This quote is very relevant to the topic I would like to discuss today, which is(主题). In my opinion,(观点).(论据). We need to work together toovercome the challenges ahead and create a better future for ourselves and our community.模板四:引起共鸣+ 个人体验I believe everyone here has experienced(共鸣话题)in their own way.(基于个人体验), I realize that(总体感受). That's why I want to talk about this topic today, to raise awareness and encourage us to find solutions to these issues.模板五:赞美肯定+ 主题分析I want to start my speech with a brief praise to ourteam/teachers/colleagues.(赞美之后)The topic I want to discuss today is(主题). This theme has always been a hot topic, and it is essential to our success.(分析). We should endeavor to make continuous progress in this field.模板六:挑战思维+ 表达认知Have you ever wondered why(问题)is important?Many people might think it is just a random issue, but the reality isfar-reaching. In my opinion,(认知).(论据). This could be a time for us to rethink our beliefs and find new solutions to the challenge ahead.总之,以上提供的模板只是供大家参考的参考,大家可以根据自己的实际情况进行改编。

英语陈述演讲技巧(经典)

英语陈述演讲技巧(经典)

英语陈述演讲技巧(经典)1. Tell a captivating story. 讲述一个吸引人的故事"Of all the starters in your tool kit, storytelling is among the most powerful and consistently successful,” Price says. “As humans, we’re hard-wired to enjoy and learn from stories. ”普莱斯说道:“在所有开场演讲方式的手段中,讲故事当属最强大也是最具有持续成功力的手法。

”“作为人类,我们天生便会欣赏故事并从中受益匪浅。

”The story can be about you personally, which tells the audience first-hand why you’re invested in and passionate about the topic. Or you can tell a story about another person who the audience can learn from. “Another option: tell a fable, wisdom tale, historic event, or anecdote,” Price says. “The idea is, start with a brief 60- to 90-second narrative that launches your speech and captivates your listeners, and make sure the story encapsulates the key point of your message.”开场故事可以涉及个人,这样便能先入为主告诉听众为何你如此关注这一主题,你也可以讲述一段事关他人的故事让听众从中学到一些知识。

英语演讲通用句式

英语演讲通用句式

英语演讲通用句式1. Opening:- Good morning/afternoon/evening, ladies and gentlemen.- It is an honor to stand before you today to address this important topic.- I am grateful for the opportunity to speak to you all today.- Thank you for inviting me to speak at this event.2. Introducing the topic:- Today, I would like to talk/discuss/point out/reflect on the topic of...- I am here to share my thoughts/insights/opinions on...- The purpose of my speech is to explore/examine/analyze...3. Outlining the presentation:- Firstly, I will provide an overview of the topic.- Next, I will discuss the challenges/impacts/solutions related to this issue.- In addition, I will present some examples/research/evidence to support my arguments.- Finally, I will conclude with some keytakeaways/recommendations for further action.4. Presenting ideas or arguments:- One key point to consider is...- Another important aspect to remember is...- Additionally/Moreover, it is important to note...- Furthermore, research/evidence suggests that...- On the other hand, some may argue that...5. Providing examples:- For example, let's consider...- A prime illustration of this is...- Take the case of...- To illustrate this point, I would like to share a personalstory/anecdote.6. Transitioning between ideas:- Now, let's move on to...- Turning our attention to...- With that in mind...- Let's take a closer look at...- Now, I would like to shift focus to...7. Offering solutions or recommendations:- In order to address this issue, it is imperative that...- One possible solution would be to...- It is crucial that we take steps to...- I urge you all to consider implementing...- To mitigate this problem, we could...8. Summarizing or concluding:- To sum up/conclude, it is evident that...- In summary, we have discussed/analyzed/examined...- In conclusion, I believe that...- I hope that my speech has shed some light on...- Thank you once again for your attention and for the opportunity to speak.。

英文发言稿模式

英文发言稿模式

英文发言稿模式Ladies and gentlemen, esteemed guests, teachers, and fellow students,Good morning! I am truly honored to stand before you all today as the representative of our school and deliver this speech. Today, I would like to discuss a topic that affects each and every one of us: the importance of education in shaping our future.Education is the cornerstone of personal and societal development. It provides us with knowledge, skills, and values that are essential for success in life. Education unlocks our potential, broadens our horizons, and empowers us to make a positive difference in the world.First and foremost, education equips us with knowledge. It enables us to acquire information about various fields of study, such as science, literature, history, and mathematics. This knowledge forms the foundation upon which all other learning can take place. Without a solid understanding of the basics, it would be nearly impossible to comprehend the complex concepts and principles of higher education.Moreover, education helps us develop essential skills that are necessary for success in the modern world. Whether it be critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, or teamwork, these skills are critical in the workplace and in our daily lives. Education provides us with the opportunity to practice and refine these skills, enabling us to navigate challenges and achieve our goals.In addition to knowledge and skills, education instills values that guide our actions and shape our character. It teaches us the importance of honesty, integrity, compassion, and respect. These values form the basis of ethical conduct and enable us to cultivate meaningful relationships with others. Education is not just about acquiring information, but also about developing the right attitude and moral compass.Furthermore, education broadens our horizons and expands our worldview. It exposes us to different cultures, perspectives, and ways of thinking. Through education, we learn to appreciate diversity and embrace different viewpoints. This not only enriches our own lives but also promotes tolerance and understanding in society. Education fosters a sense of global citizenship, encouraging us to actively engage with the world around us.Lastly, education empowers us to make a positive difference in the world. It equips us with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary to address the challenges and issues that plague our society. By educating ourselves and taking action, we can work towards creating a more equitable and sustainable future. Education empowers us to be the change-makers and leaders of tomorrow.Unfortunately, not everyone has equal access to education. Many children and adults around the world are denied this fundamental right. As privileged individuals, we have a responsibility to advocate for equal educational opportunities for all. We must support initiatives that strive to eradicate illiteracy, improve school infrastructure, and promote inclusive education. Education is not aprivilege; it is a basic human right.In conclusion, education is a powerful tool that has the potential to transform lives and shape our future. It provides us with knowledge, skills, values, and perspectives that are essential for personal and societal development. Let us recognize the importance of education and strive to make it accessible to all. Together, we can build a better world, one educated mind at a time. Thank you for your attention.。

英语演讲万能模板范文

英语演讲万能模板范文

英语演讲万能模板范文演讲,首先要了解听众,注意听众的组成,了解他们的性格、年龄、受教育程度、出生地,分析他们的观点、态度、希望和要求。

掌握这些以后,就可以决定采取什么方式来吸引听众,说服听众,取得好的效果。

一起来看看英语演讲万能模板,欢迎查阅!英语演讲稿1Hello, ladies and gentlemen.I’m Angela Zhang from Class 4 Grade 8. Today, my topic is, “The Shanghai World Epo”.First, I’ll say something about World Epo History. As we know, the very first World Epo, the Great Ehibition of 1851, took place in the Crystal Palace in London. UK. Ever since then, the goals of World Epos have been both high-minded as well as commercial. Visitors are able to eplore the world outside of their everyday eperience—outside cultures, new scientific advancements, and new inventions. World Epos have ecited and inspired more and more people in the world.On December3, 20, the Bureau of International Epositions (or call it BIE) announced that Shanghai will host Epo20. the BIE had received bids from five cities to host Epo20. Among the 5 nice cities, the BIE chose Shanghai at last! It’s r eally an eciting news for not only Shanghainese, but also all of Chinese people. Here are some details about it.Look at this profile carefully. The title is “The 20 World Eposition ,Shanghai, China ”. this is the logo.And the theme is “better city., better life”.OK, let’s guess who is the image representative? Yeah, you’re right, Yao Ming!Shanghai Epo is the first comprehensive World Epo held in a developing country. And it is also the first one that takes “thecity” as its theme, hoping that it can push forward the city development and help bring about a better urban living environment, just like the theme: better city, better life.I think, as a student in Shanghai, we should learn to be a gentle person and keep good manners from now on. And try to practice English more in order to communicate with foreigners fluently in the near future. Because, we’re a part of Shanghai!英语演讲稿2We've all been taught that we should help people. It is the right thing to do and will make us popular with others. It may even win us favors in return. However, we must be realistic. We can't say yes to every request. If we did, we would fail or go crazy for sure. Sometimes we simply don't have the time to help. In this case, we must know how to say no politely.In this competitive society it is essential to know how to sell yourself in order to get the job you want. That means you must be able to market your best features and present yourself in the best light. After all, you never get a second chance to make a first impression.When we need to say no, here is one method we can try. First, we should tell the truth. If we really can't do something, we should just say so. Second, we should remember to refuse requests politely. We must communicate clearly, but must also be sincere and sympathetic. A true friend will understand. Finally, we must not feel guilty about saying no. Sometimes refusing others is the right thing to do. It can save ourselves, and them, a lot of trouble. In short, we cannot please everyone all the time. Refusing favors is a part of life.英语演讲稿3There are several things you can do to project a good imagein an interview. First of all, look like a winner. Dress conservatively and well, and you'll look like you're going to the top. Second, communicate clearly. Consider each question carefully and respond with total honesty. Remember to make eye contact and maintain good posture. You need to look attentive but also at ease. Third, have a positive and assertive attitude. It's important to appear confident of your ability and optimistic about your future. Finally, be prepared. Present a professional resume and be ready to eplain everything in detail.I received a devastating blow to my self'confidence in the first interview of my college years. I applied to be a host in our Student Acting Troupe and felt confident that I would be accepted. But one of the panel members told me: “You seem inadequate and you are a little vertically'challenged.”By following the advice above, you are bound to make a good impression on potential employers. Then you will be able to choose the best opportunity for you and take that first step towards success.英语演讲稿4My life has never been the same since. I used bigger heels to complement my height and psychological maneuvers and tricks to hide my lack of confidence. But no matter how hard I tried to look the part, there was still something missing. As president of English Club, I organized the rehearsal of Snow White for an English party. Unfortunately, we could not find an actor to be the last dwarf. It had to be someone who was humorous by nature and fluent in English. Suddenly, all eyes turned to me, and I knew I would have to be the dwarf. To my great surprise and delight, once on stage, I was totally absorbed in the performance and my humorous nature was put to full use. As the dwarf, I was a big hit.Yes, each of us is only one among millions of others, but each of us is an individual and each of us is unique. Cultivating our individuality will transform our lives, making of them a kaleidoscope of new colors and tetures.A world deprived of diversity would be a bland and boring place. The real tragedy is not being short or shy or ugly, but having your identity lost in a world in which everyone is a clone of a model cool boy or a flawless charming girl.Given a choice, I would rather be ugly than live in such a world. I'd rather be a genuine dwarf accompanying a Snow White than be a Snow White among nothing but Snow Whites. I would rather be myself. I would contribute my individual and unique colors to create a more diverse universe. Please, be yourself.英语演讲稿5what qualities do you think a friend should have to continue the friendship? use specific reasons to support your idea.in my heart, i think the most important quality to continue the friendship is sincerity. a true friendship must be built on sincerity. however, to continue a friendship is not a easy thing. both of each other have to pay a lot. the word sincerity contains too much. firstly, we need to be frank and honest to each other. only if when we did so can the other side treat us like the same and thus build belief between friends. a friendship full of lies and deceit shouldn't be called friendship. secondly, we need to be considerable and do not be self-centered. we should think more for our friends and encourage them on certain occasion. a self-centered friend can be very troublesome and annoying. no one would tolerate him for a long time. finally, i think we should learn to compromise sometimes. we can't live in harmony forever with our friends. when there epose a disagreement, we shouldcompromise to each other. only by this way can a friendship last long.some people say college degree begins to lose shining while others do not think so. what's your point of view on this subject? why?it's not an easy question. on the whole, i think, college degree do begin to lose shining but we should never think it unimportant.today, there are more and more universities or college degrees. we can say that graduates in society are overflowing. it can't be ignored that more and more graduates with high degree are in fact idiots. so, the companies increasingly focus more on the personal ability rather than college degree when they recruit employees. however, that does not mean college certification becomes a wastepaper. it'still a essential for you looking a good job. support that a person without any qualification, will a recruiting company give him a chance? that will rarely happen, at least in our country. then, if you never have a chance, how can you display and prove your ability, if you indeed have? so, do not think the college degree is useless. after all, chances are not for every common people. only if we own it can we get the chance to enter a good company and thus make a difference.。

英语演讲及范例1

英语演讲及范例1

英语演讲及范例1英语演讲其实很简单,只要把握三个S就够了;所谓3S's,就是(⼀)Stand up.站起来。

(⼆)Say what you have to say.说出你该说的话。

(三)And sit down.坐下。

[A]以下先参考七则古今有名的演讲范例。

【⼀】基督教布道家葛理翰博⼠,于1956年圣诞节,在纽约体育馆向数万名听众所发表之演讲⽚段。

Did you know that you can really live any way that you want to live and there’s nothing that God can do about it?You’re not a puppet on a string; you’re not a mechanical toy that God winds up and turns you loose and you do what you’re supposed to do. You’re made made in the image of God. You’re supposed to do. You’re made in the moral image of God…. You can choose! You can choose the kind of life you’re going to lead. If you want to lead a life totally away from God. Pleasing your own flesh. Your own desires, under the control of your own will without any restraints, without any Lordship of Jesus Christ, go ahead and do it!No, you cannot escape Jesus. You can try, but you can’t do it.If Jesus claimed to be God knowing that he was not, then of course he’s a liar. If Jesus thought he was god and didn’t know the difference, he was a maniac. But if Jesus Christ is who he claims to be , God in the flesh, then nothing else counts except to know him. With all of our scientific and technological achievements… with all of our intellectualism, we cannot escape Jesus.Everybody has to decide about Jesus. Who is he? What was he? What demands does he have on my life today? God said,“I’ll become a man!”And young people…..., I want to tell you, that’s who Jesus Christ is! God became a man! And God in the form of Jesus Christ, born of a virgin walked among us, and he showed us what God is like. And if I want to know what God is like, I take a long look at Jesus. I watch him as he makes the blind man to see and the dumb man to talk and the dead man to rise.But that wasn’t why he came. He didn’t come just to live among us; he didn’t come just to teach us a new way of life. Jesus Christ came for another purpose. He came to die on the cross.You see, the Cross of Christ where he died for our sins, that was a judgment. Jesus said, “To this end was I born.” He was not accidentally put to death. And he said, “My God, why hast thou forsaken me?” at that moment in some mysterious way, God was judging his son, instead of us, he didn’t just give him to die, he gave him to sin, he became sin for us.你知道⼈能够以⾃已希望的⽅式过活,⽽上帝对此却⽆权过问吗?⼈并⾮被线所操控的傀儡; 你也不是由上帝操控,任凭?上紧或松开发条来⽀配你⼀举⼀动的机械玩具。

英文即兴演讲模板

英文即兴演讲模板

英文即兴演讲模板引言英文即兴演讲是一种考验口语能力和思维灵活性的挑战。

在这种形式的演讲中,演讲者需要即时构思和表达自己的观点,同时还要保持清晰、连贯和有说服力。

本文将为你提供一个英文即兴演讲模板,帮助你在即兴演讲中更好地组织和表达你的思想。

正文第一部分:演讲开场白(Opening)在即兴演讲的开场白中,你需要引起听众的兴趣并概述你将要演讲的主题。

引入话题(Introduction)例句:1.Good morning/afternoon/evening, ladies and gentlemen!2.Thank you for having me here today.3.I’m honored to have the opportunity to speak to you all.引起兴趣(Capture Attention)例句:1.Have you ever wondered…2.Imagine a world where…3.Picture this…概述主题(Overview Topic)例句:1.Today, I want to talk to you about…2.In this speech, I will be discussing…3.My m today is to explore…第二部分:正文(Mn Body)在即兴演讲的正文中,你需要陈述你的观点,并提供支持和论据来支撑你的观点。

这部分可以包含多个段落,每个段落都介绍一个主要观点。

在第一个主要观点中,你需要阐述你的第一个观点,并提供相关的事实或例子来支持它。

例句:1.Firstly, it is important to consider…2.One key aspect to understand is…3.Research has shown that…主要观点2(Mn Point 2)在第二个主要观点中,你需要陈述你的第二个观点,并提供相关的事实或例子来支持它。

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部分。这或许与卡普兰所说的英语修辞的线型发展模式 和汉语修辞的螺旋型发展模式有关。[3]无论原因何在, 我 们在用英语作演讲时有必要将标准陈述置于演讲的起始 部分以顺应西方的修辞思维模式。如果演讲中所采用的 பைடு நூலகம்准不是源自权威, 演讲者必须对价值标准进行支撑, 即对价值体系的认定也必须通过论证予以确立。
例如, 在关于呼吁公众献血的演讲中, 演讲者不仅 需要说明献血的必要性、好处, 还必经明确提出一个方案, 让听众知道何时、何地, 通过何种程序可以参加献血。
所谓的 Monroe Motivated Sequence 是 指 政 论 家 常 用 的政策性演讲五部曲模式。
第一步: Attention 演讲者必须吸引听众的注意力, 以惊人的事例、数据或故事将听众引入主题。第二步: Need 演 讲 者 必 须 确 认 问 题 存 在 , 指 出 有 必 要 采 取 措 施 。第 三 步 : Satisfaction 演 讲 者 推 荐 一 种 自 己 认 为 行 之有效的方案, 这种方案可以满足解决问题的需要。第 四步: Visualization 演讲者描绘或叙述采纳所推荐的方
演讲的结尾部分也是演讲的高潮部分, 演讲者必经 总结演讲的主旨, 并以一种使听众感到略为意外的方式 ( 如引用名人语录) 深化主题, 并与 introduction 相呼应, 给听众一种心理上的统一感。
1963 年 8 月 23 日, 美国黑人领袖 马 丁·路 德·金 在 林 肯 纪 念 堂 前向 25 万 人 发 表 了 著 名 的 演说 《我 有 一 个 梦想》, 为 反 对 种族 歧 视 、争 取 平 等 而 呼 号。在 演 讲 结 尾, 马丁·路德·金引用了圣歌, 祈祷自由平等, 将演讲 推向高潮:
收稿日期: 2007- 05- 29 作者简介: 何晓勤, 江西财经大学教授, 研究方向: 英语修辞学。
tenaciously to his.[1] 当时, 林肯远不如道格拉斯知名度大, 所以必须在开场 白赢得听众的同情。
Body, 即演讲的主体部分。演讲者可以根据演讲的 题目按不同的模式组织布局。如可以根据时间、空间顺 序; 可以遵循因果顺序、问题和方式顺序; 亦可以将演 讲主题细分为几个分点进行阐述。演讲的主体部分将在 第二部分详述。
有时, 演讲者也可以讲述能拨动听众心弦的个人经 历作为开场白, 如美国前总统林肯在应答道格拉斯对其 出生低微攻击时说:
It is true what Mr. Douglas said, that I did run a grocery store and I did sell goods including whiskey. But I remember that in those days that Mr. Douglas was one of my best customers .Many a time have I stood on one side of the counter and sold whiskey to Mr. Douglas on the other side. But the difference is that I have left my s— —id— —e — —of— —— —the— —— —co—unter , but Mr. Douglas still sticks
例 如 , 如 果 演 讲 的 论 题 是 Excessive consumption of fast foods is unhealthy, 演讲者应首先建立价值评判标准:
Excessive consumption of salty foods is unhealthy。 然 后 演 讲 者 必 须 指 出 : fast foods contain excessive amounts of salt。 最 后 是 结 论 : Therefore, excessive consumption of fast foods is unhealthy。
关 键 词: 英语演讲; 西方修辞; 语篇 中图分类号: H315 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1008- 2972 (2007) 05- 0095- 03
随着对外开放的深化, 英语演讲逐渐进入到社会生 活的方方面面。但国人用英语演讲时受中国文化思维模 式的影响, 虽然英语讲得漂亮, 但所表达的意思往往不 被西方人认同和接受, 其中一个原因就是当事人在用英 语表达和演讲时没有遵循英语演讲语篇的模式, 而是一 厢情愿地表白自己的观点。英语演讲有其特定的语篇模 式, 这是由西方修辞思维模式所决定的。有效的英语演 讲不仅要求演讲者英语流畅、而且要求演讲语谋篇布局 合理, 符合西方的修辞思维模式。
Free at last! free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last![1]
二、三种英语演讲的典型语篇模式
英语演讲根据演讲的目的可分为三类: 介绍性的演 讲 ( informative) 、劝说性或劝诱性的演讲 ( persuasive) 、 仪式性的演讲 ( ceremonial) 。
I speak to you for the first time as Prime Minister in a solemn hour for the life of our country, of our Empire, of our allies and above all for the cause of freedom.[1]
And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:
一、英语演讲语篇的基本模式
英 语 演 讲 的 语 篇 构 成 有 三 大 部 分 : Introduction, Body, Conclusion。
Introduction 的 功 能 为 吸 引 听 众 、 引 起 关 注 、 建 立 演讲者的信誉、简述演讲主体中的要点。
例如, 英国前首相丘吉尔 1940 年 5 月 10 日在国会 演讲的开场白:
为确认价值标准, 演讲者可以引用有关食品医学的 证据作为支撑, 也可以用具体的数据说明麦当劳、肯德 鸡等快餐含盐量过高。
3. 关 于 政 策 性 问 题 的 劝 说 。政 策 性 的 劝 说 演 讲 多 用于参政、议政, 或就某一问题寻求公众的支持, 或鼓 动公众采取行动。其语篇组织模式有以下几种: [4]
2007年 第 5期 总 第 53期
江西财经大学学报 JOURNAL OF JIANGXI UNIVERSITY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS
NO.5, 2007 Serial NO.53
英语演讲的典型语篇模式
何晓勤
( 江西财经大学 外国语学院, 江西 南昌 330013)
摘 要: 英语演讲有其特定的语篇模式, 这是由西方修辞思维模式所决定的。有效的英语演讲不仅要求演 讲者英语流畅、而且要求演讲语谋篇布局合理, 符合西方的修辞思维模式。为了有效地用英语进行演讲, 我们必 须力求起始段落的新颖和点题, 结尾段落的呼应和强调, 主体要点的合理布局, 段落之间的自然衔接。
问题 - 方 式 型 、问 题 - 原 因 - 方 式 型 、Monroe 动 机序列型、相对优势型。
前三种语篇模式大致遵循同一思路。演讲者必须首 先确定问题存在、并说明问题的严重性, 然后分析导致 问题的原因, 最后提出解决问题的方案。比较英语本族 语者的这类演讲与中国人的同类演讲, 最大的差别在于 英语本族语的演讲者无论就大论题或小论题的演讲都会 分析问题的急迫性, 并提出一个具体的解决问题的方 案, 而中国人在问题的确认时不善于分析现状, 为问题 的确立找理据, 在论述解决方案时往往空洞无物、说大 话。这种现象或许是因为文化差异所致, 如更多的引用 权威话语, 迂回表达方式等。因此在与西方打交道时应 引起我们的高度重视。
2. 关 于 价 值 性 的 劝 说 。对 价 值 问 题 的 讨 论 就 是 说 明和论证什么是有价值的、合乎道德的、正确的, 什么 是无价值的、有害的、错误的。英语演讲语篇中常用的 模式是演讲者在主要论述点的第一点中就建立自己的价 值标准, 这种标准可能来自法律、公共道德、圣经或名 人的观点, 然后演讲者再根据已建立的标准对要评价的 内容逐一进行评论。这种思维模式属于典型的演绎推理 法。而在汉语语篇模式中, 常用的推理模式是归纳法。 笔者曾认真阅读和分析过“信息日报”登载的对热点话 题的正反两方面的论述文章, 发现多数文章遵循的是归 纳推理模式。作者首先例举某种社会现象, 然后再进行 总结性的评论, 而评论依据的标准往往置于文章的最后
江西财经大学学报 !"
江西财经大学学报 2007 年第 5 期 总第 53 期
介绍性的演讲一般是客观地对某一事件、过程、概 念或物体进行介绍。仪式性的演讲则见于各种社交、外 事场合, 或介绍嘉宾、或颁奖致谢等。
劝说性的演讲较广泛地应用于各种场合。劝说的目 的要求演讲者遵循一定的思维模式。劝说性的演讲根据 劝说的内容又可分为三类: 就事实性问题的劝说; 就价 值性问题的劝说; 就政策性问题的劝说。从时间上考 虑, 就事实性问题的劝说演讲是对已发生的现象予以事 实的认定或否定; 价值性问题的劝说则是对现状的评 论; 而政策性劝说演讲则是对未来政策、方针、措施、 计划等的取舍讨论。在实际演讲中这三种类型往往有机 地结合在一起。例如, 如果演讲者的论题是关于学术诚 信专题的, 演讲者首先要确认学术风气不正确实存在, 并已成为社会问题, 然后再对这一问题进行价值评论, 指出这种风气对学术和社会道德的侵蚀和破坏, 最后再 提出相应的应对措施。以下分别讨论这三种劝说性的演 讲语篇组织模式。
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