必修四U2Grammar(终稿)

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As the object
6. Do Exercise 4 on page 13.
v-ing形式的复合结构
• ▲v-ing形式的复合结构为：名词所有格（Tom’s, the boy’s等）或形容词性物主代词（my, your, his, her, our, their等）+v-ing形式。作主语时必须用名词所有格或形 容词性物主代词；作宾语时可以用普通格或者宾格代 替。例如： • 1）Mary’s being late for class made her teacher very angry.玛丽上课迟到让她老师非常生气。 • 2）Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是巨大的鼓舞。 • 3）Do you mind my/me coming late for the film ?我看电 影迟到你介意吗？
Unit 2 Working the land Grammar
I. Warming Up
Have you ever seen these signs?
-ing forms Parking, spitting, littering, smoking
Learning aims
学习，理解并运用the v–ing form as the Subject and Object (v-ing 形式作主语和宾 语) 1）v-ing形式的时态，语态及否定形式(课 时练P24） 2）v-ing形式作主语 3）v-ing形式作宾语 4）v-ing形式的复合结构
As the subject
3. Do Exercise 2 on page 13.
IV. As the object
1. Read the sentences from the text and try to find
It can be used as the object both of some rules. verb and preposition. 1) As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. 2) Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. 3) He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. 4) Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.
II. Discovering
1. Find and underline the sentences in the passage that use –ing forms. Example: Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. (paragraph 2)
v-ing作宾语
• • • • • • 4. love, like ,hate, prefer 等跟to do 表示某一具体的动作或情况；跟v-ing 表 示习惯性动作或爱好。例如： 1）He likes singing .他喜欢唱歌。(爱好) 2) He likes to go swimming today. 今天他想去游泳。 5.动词begin,start,continue等既可以跟v-ing形式，又可以跟to do 形式作宾 语，意义基本相同。 As soon as he finished homework, he began to help/helping his mother with the housework. 6.need,demand,want,require在表示“需要”时，跟v-ing的主动形式表示被 动（=不定式的被动形式: to be done ）。例如： ●The car needs repairing =The car needs to be repaired.这辆车需要修理。 【翻译练习】教室需要打扫了。 ________________________________________
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v-ing作宾语
• • • • • • • • • • • • 3.有些动词既可以跟v-ing形式，又可以跟to do 形式作宾语，但意义不同 。如下： stop to do sth. 停下来做某事 mean to do sth.想要做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 mean doing sth。意味着做某事 try to do sth. 努力/企图做某事 remember to do sth. 记住要去做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 remember doing/having done sth. 记得做了某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 regret to do sth. 遗憾要去做 某事 forget doing /having done sth. 忘记做过某事 regret doing/having done sth. 后悔做了某事 例如：1) I will remember to lock the door. 我会记住锁门的。 2）Ｉremembered locking the door .我记得锁了门。
V. Summary
• -ing form • -ing form as the subject • -ing form as the object
• v-ing形式的复合结构
-ing பைடு நூலகம்orm
1) +ing do-doing 2) 去e+ing come-coming 3) 双写+ing（重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一 个辅音字母）run-running sit-sitting get-getting swim-swimming等
v-ing作宾语
• 1.有些动词后只接v-ing 形式作宾语，常用的有：finish（完成）；enjoy（喜欢 ）；mind(介意);miss(想念)；keep(继续)；avoid(避免)；imagine(想像);practise( 练习);excuse(原谅);suggest(建议);risk(冒险);appreciate(欣赏)；consider(考虑)； admit(承认)；escape(逃避)；deny(否认)；stand(容忍)等。 ⑴ He finished reading the book yesterday.他昨天把这本书读完了。 ⑵ Would you mind opening the window ?你介意打开窗户吗？ 【练习】I tried to avoid _______ the same mistake. A. to make B. making C. make D. being made 2.英语中以下动词短语常跟v-ing 形式作宾语：be good at (擅长); look forward to（盼望）； stick to (坚持)；devote to (投身于)；be/get used to (习惯于)；pay attention to(注意)；lead to (导致); object to（反对）；feel like(想要); insist on ( 坚持)；give up(放弃); be fond of(喜欢)；think of /about (想起，考虑); succeed in(成功); can’t help doing(禁不住); dream of/about(梦想)等。 1) We are looking forward to hearing from you .我们盼望收到你的来信。 2) The old man has got used to living in the countryside.这位老人已经习惯住在乡 下。
Discovering
2. Choose the sentences that use –ing forms either as the subject or the object.
As the subject Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As the object
III. As the subject
1. What have you discovered? Compare the –ing form with a noun and a verb.
It can be used as the subject. V + -ing form It can have its own object or/and adverbial.
v-ing 形式作主语
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.v-ing置于句首。（注意：单个v-ing作主语，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上表达不同意 义的v-ing作主语，谓语动词常用复数。）如： ⑴Smoking is harmful to our health.吸烟有害健康。 ⑵_________ (run) regularly does good to us .有规律地跑步对我们有好处。 ⑶Watching TV and reading books are really interesting.看电视和读书真有趣。 ⑷Listening, speaking, reading and writing ______(are/is) basic skills of a language. 听、说、读、 写是一门语言的基本技能。 2. V-ing形式常用于It’s no use (useless) doing，It’s no good doing, There is no doing (不可能， 不允许)句型中。如： It’s no use forcing children to learn. 强迫孩子学习是没有用的。 There is no telling what will happen. 未来的事，无法预料。 Eugene’s never willing to alter（改变） any of his opinions. It’s no use ______ with him. A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued 3.【★】v-ing形式和不定式(to do)都可作主语,但v-ing形式通常表示习惯性、经常性动作或行 为；不定式作主语通常表示某次具体动作或意义。例如： 1) Smoking does harm to your health. (smoking表示一种经常性行为) 2) Talking mends no holes .空谈于事无补。 3) To hold a meeting this afternoon is necessary. 今天下午召开会议是必要的 4）To be invited to the party is an honour for me.能被邀请参加这个聚会我很荣幸。